Mechanics of fluids

Thermodynamics

Automotive

Environmental & Clean Energies

Applied Mechanics

Process Control Engineering

Marine Hydrodynamics

Engineering Education & Research Solutions

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Introduction Cussons Technology was founded in 1876 and

specialises in the development and manufacture

of teaching and research equipment for

mechanical engineering and allied subjects.

Our customers are tertiary educational

establishments worldwide, research institutes

and government training establishments and

the research departments of national and

multinational companies.

In addition to the educational product range a

Division handling automotive research equipment

and facilities was developed and complemented

by new automotive teaching products which we

continue to develop.

Further expansion saw the company acquire

the rights to the well-respected German

manufacturer Kempf & Remmers marine

hydrodynamics research and naval architecture systems and products.

Cussons’ K&R brand continues to grow and today includes a range of compact

educational marine hydrodynamics and maritime studies resources.

The automotive and marine expansions of our core mechanical, fluid and

energy-related range have helped to consolidate Cussons’ position as a leader

in the supply of reliable, well-designed and supported, high quality solutions

for educational and research institutions worldwide.

At the heart of Cussons’ philosophy there has always been an understanding

that student commitment - so critical for success - is most effectively

engendered by interesting, well-designed hands-on experimentation. Our

current equipment offer continues to embrace this principle and incorporates

modern computer technology for data acquisition and control.

The subjects Cussons specialises in are thermodynamics (including heat

transfer, refrigeration, air conditioning and steam engineering), automotive

technology, fluid mechanics, process control and instrumentation, theory of

machines and applied mechanics plus a renewable energy range covering wind,

wave, tidal and solar energy studies.

In addition to supplying individual items of equipment, Cussons also

undertakes complete turnkey projects for the design, supply, installation

and commissioning of entire laboratories, specialising in those for steam,

automotive engineering and marine hydrodynamics . We are fully ISO 9001

compliant.

Full details of all products are available on our website at www.cussons.co.uk

Marine Hydrodynamic Systems

Automotive Research and Development Equipment and Instrumentation

Integrated facilities for R&D projects in Aerospace, Oil, and Military Sectors

Analysis and purification of special gases.

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Cussons Smart Equipment 4

Mechanics of Fluids 5

Fundamental Hydraulic Studies 7

Hydraulic Applied Studies 9

Air Flow 11

Wind Tunnel 12

Thermodynamics 13

Thermodynamic Principles 14

Steam Power Plant 14

Steam Experiments 15

Ancillary Equipment 16

Refrigeration 17

Heat Transfer & Heat Exchanger 17

Gas Turbine and Compressors 18

Properties of Fuels 19

Sectioned Thermodynamics Equipment 19

Automotive 20

Engine Test Beds 21

Autotrainers 21

Instrumentation and Accessories 22

Automotive Fuel & Gas Analysers 22

Sectioned Automotive Equipment 22

Environmental & Clean Energies 23

Wind Turbine Dynamometer Range 24

Solar & Fuel Cell 25

Applied Mechanics 26

Theory of Machines 27

Strength of Materials 28

Structures 29

Process Control Engineering 30

Marine Hydrodynamics Educational Range 33

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SMART EQUIPMENTOver the last twenty five years new technologies have revolutionised educational practice in many subjects, most

especially in engineering and science. Whilst the internet might be the most obvious - contributing to the exponential

rise in information - other digital technologies including computerised data acquisition are becoming ubiquitous

throughout university and college laboratories.

At Cussons we believe the combination of practical experimental equipment and digital teaching applications enhances

students’ learning experience and helps educators to convey knowledge and understanding more effectively. We call

this approach ‘Smart Equipment’.

Cussons’ Smart Equipment concept combines horizontal teaching methods* with new applications to provide complete

educational packages where students work and experiment together in collaborative groups. This allows the tutor’s role

to become less didactic and more that of a facilitator and guide.

Smart Equipment Features

Smart Equipment improves your students’ experience Tip

Compact data acquisition hardware with modern computer software to enhance educational and laboratory experiences.

Cost-effective and versatile teaching equipment offering a wide range of experiments.

Quick and straightforward transfer of data from experiments to computer.

Easy comparison between real-world test results and theoretical expectations.

‘Plug and play’ operation with no complicated configuration required.

Intuitive software complete with comprehensive manuals

Data logging facilities Calibration screens to facilitate easy sensor adjustment Graphical representation of experiment processes Manual and automatic data sampling modes Automatic data recording Real-time data display Comprehensive manuals including exercises and experiments Creation of charts and data tables to enable advanced analysis Export of data to a spreadsheet for more advanced off-line

processing and presentation options

The Horizontal Teaching Method prevalent in Nordic and Anglo-Saxon countries promotes collaborative and group working between teachers and learners. It takes a problem-solving rather than traditionally didactic approach to teaching and actively involves students in the educational process in order to develop deductive reasoning based on real-world experience.

Play

Analyse

Test

Explore

Learn

Data Collection Data Transfer

Cussons’ Equipment Interface unit Computer unit

SMART EQUIPMENT

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The behaviour of fluids is a key element of study

across many disciplines and Cussons educational

equipment is ideally suited to mechanical, civil,

chemical and marine engineering courses. Its

modular design enables additions to be made as

academic requirements evolve and each unit provides

clear visual appreciation of the principles of fluid

mechanics. Instrumentation is provided which allows

a full range of experimental work to be completed

and data acquisition options are being developed.

Our Hydraulic Bench provides a self-contained water supply and

the facilities required to service a wide range of experiments.

Our suggested laboratory includes a number of workstations for

teaching the core principles and the user may select additional

units for investigating hydrostatics, hydraulic machinery and

pump characteristics as required.

Air flow studies may be conducted using the Cussons Airflow

Bench which is designed for versatility across the areas of

aerodynamics, boundary layers, turbulent jets and flow through

ducts etc. The equipment is robust, durable and castor-mounted

so that it may be easily relocated.

Mechanics of Fluids

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Mech

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www.cussons.co.uk6

Only required if customer does not have a bench

Optional Accessories

Fundamental Hydraulic Studies

P6211 Cavitation Demonstration Set

P6212 Francis Turbine

P6213 Kaplan Turbine

P6220 Laminar Flows Apparatus

P6221 Losses in Pipes and Fittings

P6222 Entry/Exit & Cont/Expansion Losses

P6223/4 Orifice Experiments Basic/Advanced

P6225/6 Open Channel Weirs Basic/Advanced

P6227 Venturi Meter

P6228 Orifice Plate Experiment

P6229 Turbine Meter

P6230 Pitot Static Tube

P6231 Bernouilli’s Theorem

P6232 Hydraulic Ram

P6233 Impact of Jets

P6234 Calibration of Pressure Gauge

P6235/6 Metacentric Height

P6237 Centre of Pressure

P6238 Free and Forced Vortex

P6239 Comparison of Flow Measurements

P6240 Pelton Wheel

P6249 Miniature Flow Channel

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Experiments

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Required Accessories

KEY:

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These four different experiments in comparative flow measurement use various techniques operating on the principle of head loss, impulse or velocity:

P6227 Venturi Meter P6229 Turbine Meter P6228 Orifice Plate P6230 Pitot Static Tube

Fundamental Hydraulic Studies

The Cussons Hydraulic Bench provides the basic services for pumping and volumetric measurement of water supply. Various optional modules are available to form a comprehensive laboratory facility which enables a detailed Mechanics of Fluids Experimental Course to be followed. The equipment is designed to provide a clear visual appreciation of hydraulic principles and has been featured by BBC Television on the Open University Mechanics of Fluids course.

This range of turbines provides experiments to study reaction, impulse & axial turbines. These can be conveniently mounted on the Hydraulic Bench. The experiments are performed by pumping water through the turbines with a variable flow rate and using a drum brake system with spring force balance.

P6100 - HYDRAuLIC BEnCH

P6212 - FRAnCIS TuRBInE P6240 - PELTOn WHEEL P6213 - KAPLAn TuRBInE

This compact and cost effective unit provides experimental capabilities to study the cavitation effect including observation of the relationship between cavitation and temperature and observation of the relationships between discharge, velocity and pressure.

Study of liquid flow through an orifice illustrates the need for a semi-empirical approach. Cussons offers two related experiments - each with multiple orifices - which may be mounted on the Hydraulic Bench:

P6223 Basic Orifices

P6224 Advanced Orifices

In open channels weirs are commonly used to either regulate or to measure the volumetric flow rate. Cussons offers the following experiments (with multiple weir plates) which may be mounted on the Hydraulic Bench:

P6225 Basic Weirs

P6226 Advanced Weirs

This experiment demonstrates the principles of conservation of mass and conservation of energy and may also be used to examine the onset of turbulence in an accelerating stream of water.

P6211 - CAVITATIOn DEMOnSTRATIOn SET

P6223/P6224 - ORIFICES STuDIES P6225/P6226 - OPEn CHAnnEL WEIRS

P6231 - BERnOuLLI’S ExPERIMEnT

The flow of fluids in closed conduits or pipes is a major topic in mechanical, civil and chemical engineering and is of interest in areas of biology (e.g. blood flow) and medicine (e.g. drip delivery). Cussons offers three experiments, mountable on the Hydraulic Bench:

P6220 - Laminar Flow Apparatus

P6221 - Friction Losses in Pipes and Fittings

P6222 - Entry Exit & Expansion Losses

P6220/21/22 - WATER FLOW In PIPES AnD FITTInGS ExPERIMEnTS

P6227 - P2630 - WATER FLOW MEASuREMEnT RAnGE

www.cussons.co.uk8

As an independent and self-contained unit, the Hydrostatics Bench enables the students to understand the fundamental properties of non-moving fluids. Experimental coverage includes density and relative density; variation of pressure with head; Hare’s Tube; Pascal’s Law; viscosity; capillarity; surface tension; Archimedes Principle; use of vernier level gauge and the hydraulic press.

P6242 - HYDROSTATICS BEnCH

Cussons offers three related experiments mountable on the Hydraulic Bench:

P6234 Calibration of Pressure Gauge

P6235 Metacentric Height Apparatus

P6236 Alternative Hulls

P6237 Centre of Pressure Apparatus (Hydrostatic pressure)

A hydraulic ram helps to illustrate the principal by which water may be obtained from low lying water sources when no electrical supply is available to power a pump.

The creation of vortices is a common engineering and natural phenomenon worthy of study. This apparatus may be used to plot the shape of free/forced vortices by measurement of surface profile co-ordinates.

This compact set of hydrostatics apparatus enables students to investigate the fundamental properties of non-moving fluids. P6244 is a reduced version of the apparatus supplied with Cussons’ full size P6242 Hydrostatics Bench.

This Osborne Reynolds experiment may be used to investigate laminar/streamline flow, turbulent flow and the transition between these two regimes by observation of an injected dye line. It may also be used to determine the upper and lower Critical Velocities and Reynolds Number.

This apparatus enables experiments on the reaction of a jet of water upon vanes of various forms (fixed vane, a cone shape or a hemispherical) to be carried out and demonstrates the relationship between the forces exerted on the model and the rate of change of momentum of the jet stream

P6234 - P6237 - HYDROSTATICS ExPERIMEnTS

P6232 - HYDRAuLIC RAM

P6238 - FREE & FORCED VORTEx APPARATuS P6239 - WATER FLOW MEASuREMEnT

P6244 - HYDROSTATICS SET

P6248 - OSBORnE REYnOLDS APPARATuS

P6233 - IMPACT OF jETS

This apparatus can be used on the Hydraulic Bench or used as free-standing apparatus in conjunction with a low pressure water supply. The static head at various points in the flow path is measured enabling students to analyse the behaviour of water flowing through a sudden enlargement, transparent venturi meter, an orifice plate and a rotameter.

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This two dimensional potential flow apparatus is based upon the well-known Hele Shaw experimental method. It provides a parallel laminar water flow field to allow study of low Reynolds number flow patterns around submerged models representing cylinders, aerofoils, bluff bodies, knife edge weirs and through passages such as valve bodies and nozzles etc.

P6246 - HELE SHAW APPARATuS

Hydraulic Applied Studies

This unit incorporates two pumps which enables investigations of series and parallel operation of identical pumps running at the same or different speeds.

This apparatus enables students to investigate flow through smooth and roughened pipes under laminar or turbulent flow conditions and also flow through fittings and valves. Various methods of flow measurement are covered including the variable area flowmeter (rotameter), venturi, orifice plate and pitot static tube.

Accessories:

P5161 Water Recirculation unit

P6100 Hydraulic bench

These 2.5m and 5m units provide channels with adjustable slope and transparent acrylic sides for full visibility of the flow characteristics. Test models plus an inclinometer and surface profile measuring instrument are used to investigate the flow of water along an open channel and to verify the Chézy equation and Mannings friction factor.

Additional experimental equipment provided with the 5m channel includes a pitot-statictube, dam spillway, Ogee (i.e. overflow) weir with manometer, Crump weir and Parshall flume.

Two types of larger flow channel are offered for flexible semi-custom experimental configurations. Either option may be used as a low speed circulating water channel for sedimentation work, at higher flow rates for hydrodynamics work or with wave and wind attachments for coastal engineering studies. The channels come in the following sizes and are constructed in modular sections and may be specified to a maximum length of 20 metres.

P6275 FLOW CHAnnEL - Medium 300 x 450 mm

P6410 FLOW CHAnnEL - Large 600 x 500mm

P6135 - SERIES AnD PARALLEL PuMP TEST SET

P5160 - FRICTIOn LOSS In PIPES & FITTInGS

P6245/P6255 - FLOW CHAnnEL

P6275/P6410 - ADVAnCED FLOW CHAnnELS

This apparatus can be used to investigate the flow of water along an open channel and to visualise the flow around objects in its path through the injection of ink. It includes triangular hump section and an undershot weir and demonstration of approximate ‘Specific energy/Depth’ relationships.

P6249 - MInIATuRE FLOW CHAnnEL

www.cussons.co.uk10

This is a self-contained bench top unit comprising a high-walled flow channel incorporating a detachable glass front panel, light source, inlet tank with removable flow straightener, level control sluice gate, outlet tank, electrically driven circulating pump, interconnecting pipework plus flow control and drain valves.

This equipment comprises two stainless steel pipes to study water hammer and surge which is a common phenomenon. This apparatus is provided with software oscilloscope facility for display on user supplied PC.

This unit enables students to investigate the fundamental concepts of soil permeability within a compact indoor laboratory facility to solve problems such as the seepage of water under dams, the abstraction of water from wells and the hydrostatic forces exerted on bridge foundations in the real world.

This self-contained unit enables students to investigate a range of hydrological phenomena within a compact indoor laboratory facility. It allows the study of basin hydrology cycles; flood and run off hydrographs; effects on civil constructions (bridges and dams); interaction of adjacent wells and elementary fluvial processes such as erosion on hillsides and river meander.

This relatively compact unit enables students to investigate the full range of forms that arise in a mobile bed as the flow rate and/or slope are increased. The movement of sediment around structures may be examined for scouring and blockage etc.

This apparatus enables students to conduct a range of experiments on a system of interconnecting series and parallel pipe networks and fluid distribution systems. The unit enables students to obtain a full understanding of the factors affecting flow distribution and the behaviour of pipe network systems.

P6520 - PERMEABILITY APPARATuS P6530 - HYDROLOGY APPARATuS

P6540 - SEDIMEnT TRAnSPORT APPARATuS

P6510 - nETWORK OF PIPES APPARATuS

P6247 - WATER FLOW VISuALISATIOn APPARATuS

P6515 - PIPE SuRGE AnD WATER HAMMER APPARATuS

This is a self-contained experiment designed to enable students to study the basic characteristics of the Francis Turbine. It demonstrates the turbine characteristics (torque, power and efficiency) at different conditions and pressure, torque and flow rate are measured and indicated.

P6290 - FRAnCIS TuRBInE SET

Detailed investigations on both rotodynamic and positive displacement pumps may be performed on this multipurpose test bench which is designed to be self-contained requiring only a single phase electrical supply. A positive displacement Gear Pump (P6361) is supplied as standard with the following pumps available as optional extras:

P6362 Positive Displacement Piston Pump

P6363 Rotodynamic Centrifugal Pump

P6364 Rotodynamic Axial Pump

P6365 Positive Displacement Vane Pump

P6367 Rotodynamic Channel Impeller Pump

P6360 - MuLTI-PuMP TEST RIG

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Wind Tunnel

This is designed for use with either the Cussons Air Flow Bench or P3240 Fan Test Stand and enables students to investigate pressure distributions around cylinder, aerofoil and other models. Lift and drag forces acting upon models may also be determined with P3231. Data acquisition is also available for this equipment.

P3230 - TWO DIMEnSIOnAL WInD TunnEL

The Cussons Air Flow Bench with associated experiments provide a comprehensive facility for detailed experiments in various aspects of air flow studies, convective heat transfer and subsonic aerodynamics to be performed. Air Flow Accessories:

P3202 Multitube Manometer

P3204 Anemometer

P3200 - AIR FLOW BEnCH

Air Flow

Air Flow Experiments

To introduce the student to the study of air flow measurement using various types of measuring devices based upon the specifications given in BS848 and BS1042.

To investigate the pressure distribution along the inner and outer walls of a bend in ductwork of rectangular cross-section.

The units have been developed to study the characteristics of Axial and Centrifugal fans enabling a wide range of experimentation capabilities related with flow velocity profile in the pipe aspiration, difference between static pressure, dynamic and total, characteristic of axial and centrifugal curves or axial and centrifugal fan spin.

Speed is displayed digitally and a combination of pressure transducers enables the measurement of working pressure in order to study the fan characteristics in real time. Pressure taps are sealed to prevent leaks that distort the readings taken.

To visually demonstrate the interchange between static and dynamic pressure as air flows through a duct of variable cross sectional area

To gain a practical appreciation of various topics related to air flow in pipes.

P3203 - FLOW MEASuREMEnT APPARATuS

P3222 - FLOW THROuGH A BEnD

P3226 AxIAL & P3228 CEnTRIFuGAL FAn DEMOnSTRATIOn unITS

P3208 - BERnOuLLI’S APPARATuS

P3224 - FLOW In PIPES

www.cussons.co.uk12

This has been designed to demonstrate the capability of a centrifugal fan unit in accordance with BS848. It may also be used as the base unit for a series of additional experiments involving air flow in pipes, heat transfer, aerodynamics and compressible flow studies.

This is a self-contained facility comprising the tunnel with a three-component balance system (lift, drag and pitching moment) and an air speed indicator. The unit enables students to investigate the pressure distributions around and the forces experienced by aerofoils, cylinders and other models and also to study boundary layers.

Optional accessories:

This is an open, continuously operating supersonic wind tunnel to investigate pressure distribution along a convergent-divergent nozzle, pressure losses, demonstration of the boundary layers Schlieren method, observation of flow patterns around the aerofoils and much more.

P3264 Aerofoil with Slot & Flap

P3265 Pitot Static Tube

P3266 Yaw Probe

P3267 Drag Models

P3268 Pressure Cylinder

P3269 Aircraft Model

P3270 Car Model

P3240 - FAn TEST STAnD

P3260 - SuBSOnIC OPEn CIRCuIT WInD TunnEL

P3290 - SuPERSOnIC WInD TunnEL

This is a unique system employing vertical and horizontal balance beams to provide independent measurements of lift and drag forces.

This experiment is used to determine the thickness of the ‘boundary layer’ where fluid flow meets a stationary surface and investigate the velocity profile within this layer.

This equipment produces smoke filaments of adequate density to enable flow patterns around various objects to be demonstrated.

This apparatus demonstrates the general behaviour of a jet of air emitted from a circular pipe into free surroundings and helps to investigate air jet velocity at various distances from the emission point in order to determine both velocity and momentum profiles.

P3231 - TWO COMPOnEnT BALAnCE

P3233 - SMOKE GEnERATOR P3234 - TuRBuLEnT jET APPARATuS

P3232 - BOunDARY LAYER ExPERIMEnT

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Thermodynamics is a branch of physical science

concerned with the interrelationship and inter-

conversion of different forms of energy. The

student can observe the laws of thermodynamics by

conducting experimental work on a wide range of our

products.

A good practical understanding of air conditioning,

refrigeration, work and heat transfer can be achieved with the

use of various types of heat engine. An essential subject area

concerns steam properties and steam turbine technology and

Cussons offers a range of bench mounted steam property

teaching products along with a range of complete working

steam power plants up to 20kW with features representing

current industrial practice.

Thermodynamics

13

Therm

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www.cussons.co.uk14

This bench top unit provides comparisons of two methods of measuring pressure and two methods of measuring vacuum. It includes measurement of differential pressure by means of a manometer, a digital pressure calibrator and calibration of a pressure transducer.

The Stirling Cycle Hot Air Engine enables students to visualize and study the phenomena of cyclic compression and expansion of air, study of Hot air engine, effect on performance, use of gases of different specific heat ratio, regenerative heat exchanger and many others.

The Humidity Bench provides the student with the means of measuring the humidity of the air in the laboratory by several different methods, whilst at the same time allowing comparisons to be made of the accuracy of one measurement against another.

This equipment is a modern version of the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat apparatus derived from the original design by Callendar which aptly demonstrated the relationship between mechanical energy and heat energy. Though extremely simple in design, the apparatus will yield results with an accuracy of 0.5%.

The Miniature Steam Power Plant is the smallest in our comprehensive range of Steam Power Products and has been designed to allow teaching establishments to give students an appreciation of steam and its properties, without the larger capital investment normally required. There are two versions:

P7669R with Reciprocating Engine

P7669T with a Steam Turbine

Steam is widely used in industry for power generation, heating and many other processes requiring high temperatures. Cussons Steam Laboratory Equipment has been designed to provide a comprehensive range of products for teaching the technology of steam plant in thermodynamics courses. The equipment has been designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the theory and operation of a modern steam power plant. The features incorporated and power ratings chosen constitute an excellent representation of industrial practice within the limitations of an educational laboratory. All items reflect modern practices and their design incorporates the safety features necessary to minimise any risk in operation.

This Marcet Boiler helps the students to investigate the relationship between the pressure and temperature of saturated steam, in equilibrium with water, at all pressures between atmospheric and 17 bar (250 lb/in2).

P4811 - PRESSuRE MEASuRInG APPARATuS P5691 - STIRLInG CYCLE HOT AIR EnGInE

P4812 - HuMIDITY MEASuRInG APPARATuS

P7669 - MInIATuRE STEAM POWER PLAnT

P5700 - MARCET BOILER

Thermodynamic Principles

Steam Power Plant

P4810 - TEMPERATuRE MEASuREMEnT APPARATuS

P5631 - MECHAnICAL EQuIVALEnT OF HEAT APPARATuS

A self-contained bench top unit which demonstrates common methods of temperature measurement, methods of calibration, common faults occurring in thermocouple systems and investigation of basic thermocouple laws and their applications.

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This Cussons Steam Power Plant is designed as a comprehensive self-contained unit with all relevant items of equipment factory mounted on a common steel bedplate. This modular construction and assembly greatly reduces space and installation requirements. The plant can operate as a steam boiler, turbo-generator or complete power plant. Available tests include: thermal and total efficiency, consumption, boiler capacity, heat balance, turbine power and specific steam consumption.

Further optional items such as additional boiler and superheater instrumentation, flue gas analysers etc. though not strictly essential to the plant operation; considerably improve the versatility, and hence teaching potential, of the equipment.

A basic laboratory scheme comprises a boiler and turbine/condenser. In addition the complementary items; “P7692 Cooling Tower”, Separating and Throttling Calorimeters, Superheater, Tanks, Blowdown Tank, Water Treatment, Interconnecting Pipework and Lab. Design, Steam Pipework Lagging, and Installation & Commissioning may be supplied as required.

STEAM POWER PLAnT RAnGEP7690 Series: 1KW Steam Power PlantP7600 Series: 5kW Steam Power PlantP7620 Series: 10kW Steam Power PlantP7655 Series: 20kW Steam Power Plant

STEAM POWER PLAnT RAnGE

The Steam Boiler Bench is a self-contained electric boiler supplied with all necessary facilities to allow it to be used as a service unit to supply steam to a range of Steam Bench Experiments - P7671 to P7683.

With this bench students can investigate the efficiency of two types of lagging and can calculate the lagging efficiency of each type, compare the energy loss from lagged tubes with that from unlagged tubes and calculate the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the lagging.

Cussons steam benches have been designed to allow experiments to be carried out on one piece of equipment by a small group of students. Experience has shown that the modular form of construction is the most versatile and the benches can generally be supplied as ‘‘standalone’’ units or where more than one bench has been ordered, simply interlinked to form a continuous system.

P7670 - STEAM BOILER BEnCH

P7673 - LAGGInG EFFICIEnCY BEnCH

Steam Experiments

P7671 - PRESSuRE/TEMPERATuRE VESSEL BEnCH

P7672 - SEPARATInG & THROTTLInG CALORIMETER BEnCH

Self-contained Steam Bench unit allows students to investigate the relationship between temperature and pressure of saturated steam and compare the experimental observations with data published in recognised steam tables.

Separating and throttling calorimeters are used to determine the dryness fraction or quality of steam passing through the steam main.

P7690 - 1kW Steam plant

P7600 - 5kW Steam plant

www.cussons.co.uk16

On this apparatus students are able to investigate the efficiency of an ejector as a water pump and to measure the heat transfer of steam to cooling water.

This apparatus enables students to demonstrate the operation of the condenser, to investigate the heat transfer coefficient of condenser tubes and to demonstrate the vacuum produced by the condensing steam in a closed system.

Dual purpose bench designed to demonstrate the basic principles of water treatment by filtration and chemical means or to supply treated water to a Steam Boiler Bench P7670. The bench includes five interchangeable clear PVC filter columns each of which can be filled with either filter sand or one of three ion exchange media.

The steam heating circuit on this bench supplies steam to a process fluid circuit designed so that the various processes can be clearly observed, visually demonstrating the use of steam in a natural circulation (thermosyphon) reboiler for the heating of other fluids and the distillation process.

Self-contained Steam Bench allows students to determine the performance of a double effect evaporator and compares the relative efficiencies of single effect and double effect evaporators.

With four different nozzles on this bench, the students can experiment with the variation of pressure along a nozzle profile, the effect of back pressure on the mass flow rate, determine the critical pressure ratio and much more.

P7674 - EjECTOR BEnCH P7675 - COnDEnSER BEnCH

P7677 - WATER TREATMEnT STuDIES BEnCH

P7678 - STEAM PROCESS PLAnT BEnCH

P7683 - DOuBLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR BEnCH

P7681 - nOzzLE RIG BEnCH

Ancillary Equipment

P7660 - SEPARATInG & THROTTLInG CALORIMETER

P8385 - COMBuSTIOn AnD FLuE GAS EMISSIOnS AnALYSER

This compact unit is an optional economic separating & throttling calorimeter with a simpler more cost-effective frame design. The unit is used to determine the dryness fraction of the steam supplied to steam systems.

This compact and portable unit measures the gas temperature at inlet and in stack providing high accuracy and enabling calculation of nett temperature.

P7676R - RECIPROCATInG STEAM EnGInE BEnCH

On this bench students can test a single cylinder steam engine and measure brake horse power, steam consumption and various efficiencies.

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Refrigeration

Heat Transfer & Heat Exchanger

P5721 - COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATIOn TRAInER

This training system provides functioning refrigeration circuits utilising commercial controls and components and provides realistic training in setting up, operating and fault finding refrigeration systems. The system operates with R134a, an environmentally acceptable refrigerant.

The self-contained Air Conditioning Unit demonstrates the application of the principles of thermodynamics in the field of air conditioning. The unit provides results over a wide range of operating conditions and includes a data acquisition package.

Cussons offers specialised test equipment to illustrate the subject of heat exchange in fluids. All the experimental units are bench top and specially designed to enable flexibility in the interconnections between them. The units are also computer controlled with modern data acquisition facilities.

Accessories:

P3212 Parallel Flow Heat Exchanger

P3213 Mixed Flow Heat Exchanger

Cussons Refrigerator and Heat Pump Apparatus has been developed for the study of the thermodynamics of the vapour compression cycle operating as either a refrigerator or heat pump. As a self-contained unit it includes instrumentation to enable a comprehensive series of experiments to be carried out, including refrigerant cycle evaluation and thermodynamic energy balances of the condenser, evaporator and compressor.

This unit enables students to visualise and study industrial refrigeration. It integrates all of the essential components for a desktop installation. The unit includes a computer control system and a troubleshooting simulation module. The system “anti-knock fluid” in the compressor ensures reliable operation under extreme stress.

The unit allows the instructor to introduce 12 faults into a control circuit, which has been wired by the student. The Unit has a mimic diagram on the front panel which simulates an actual compressor control circuit.

The equipment clearly demonstrates the operation of a heat pump air / water. The system consists of: compressor, circulation pump, flow control valve, accumulator tank, condenser, filter / drier, expansion valve and evaporator fan, water flow meters, temperature sensors and pressure display at strategic points of the process.

P5698E - AIR COnDITIOnInG unIT

P5730 - HEAT PuMP DEMOnSTRATIOn unIT

P3210 - HEAT TRAnSFER BEnCH InCLuDInG CROSS FLOW HEAT ExCHAnGER

P5750 - VAPOuR COMPRESSIOn REFRIGERATOR & HEAT PuMP APPARATuS

P5740 - REFRIGERATIOn SYSTEM WITH REFRIGERATIOn CHAMBER

P5735 - REFRIGERATIOn WIRInG SKILLS BEnCH

www.cussons.co.uk18

P3300 - RADIATIOn AnD COnVECTIOn APPARATuS

P5687 - THERMAL COnDuCTIVITY APPARATuS

This Thermal Radiation and Natural Convection Heat Transfer Apparatus is a self- contained bench mounted unit, designed to demonstrate the essential features of heat transfer by radiation and natural convection from various heating element shapes under varying conditions of ambient pressure and element surface temperature.

The Thermal Conductivity Apparatus is designed for bench top use allowing students to calculate heat flows and temperature gradients along various cylindrical specimens of relatively high conductivity, such as metals, and across thin sections of insulating material that may be attached to one end of a metal specimen.

The apparatus has been developed to permit experiments on heat transfer from the solid to the liquid state under conditions of convection and nucleate boiling to be carried out and to demonstrate the effect of film boiling. Heat transfer takes place from a heated horizontal nickel filament to the water or other liquid surrounding it.

Cussons offers specialised test equipment in the area of Heat Exchange. All experimental units are bench top and specially designed by modules enabling its flexibility and interconnection between them. In addition, the units are computer controlled allowing full data logging and the use of data for advanced experiments.

The Exchanger Range comprises:• P3430 Water Cooling tower• P3420 Free and forced Convection• P3400 Heat exchanger unit with optional accessories: o P3401 Concentric Heat Exchanger o P3402 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger o P3403 Plate Heat Exchanger o P3404 jacketed Vessel with coil o P3405 Tubular Heat Exchanger o P3406 Cross Flow Heat Exchanger

P5697 - BOILInG HEAT TRAnSFER APPARATuS HEAT ExCHAnGER RAnGE

This popular unit is a full two shaft machine with built in starting equipment, power absorption system and a data logging option (P9008). It provides the means for carrying out an extensive programme of experiments in gas turbine technology using only the instrumentation provided. Particular features of the Two Shaft Gas Turbine Unit are its versatility, ease of operation, safety and low noise level. All instrumentation and controls are carried on the panel which displays the flow diagram with a clear indication of all measurements identified by symbols and illuminated tell-tales. Measurement of power turbine torque is by calibrated electrical dynamometer.

Cussons has developed a turbojet engine test stand to provide a cost effective method of testing the performance of an operational aero jet engine. The turbojet test stand is mounted on a wheeled trolley allowing it to be moved to an operational area or stored in a convenient location. The unit is provided with a mimic diagram displaying the temperatures of the gas flow and engine pressure ratio. The unit can demonstrates the turbojet principle, performance analysis of a turbojet at varying power and enables the measurement of air flow, fuel flow and rotational speed.

This robust educational test facility is a self-contained unit comprising two main assemblies; an instrument and control console and a welded steel base frame which carries the dynamometer, air compressors and air receivers. The drive system of the compressors is arranged in such a way that the test set may be used as either a two stage machine or a single stage machine with the second stage undriven and bypassed. Apart from its use for educational experiments, the test set may also be used in its single stage form as a compressed air supply for the laboratory. A computer interface PV Indicating System (P9053) can be also included.

Gas turbines are increasingly used as power plants for a wide variety of applications around the world. Originally they were developed solely for aircraft propulsion where their inherent low specific weight (i.e. mass/unit power) made them essential for high speed flight. For this particular purpose they have been developed to a high degree of efficiency both thermodynamically and mechanically.

Industrial gas turbines have been and are being developed for such diverse applications as electrical power peak lopping stations, firefighting pump sets, natural gas pumping and compressor units, factory power and process heating plants, heavy lorry propulsion, rail and ship propulsion. Cussons has designed and manufactured educational gas turbines since 1970 and numerous universities use our gas turbines for experimental and practical demonstrations.

P9005 - TWO SHAFT GAS TuRBInE P9010E - TuRBOjET EnGInE TEST STAnD

P9050 - TWO STAGE AIR COMPRESSOR SET

Gas Turbine and Compressors

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This apparatus comprises a single stage compressor coupled to an electric motor and attached to a spring balance. This apparatus enables students to investigate the laws of thermodynamics including energy balance, entropy and compressed volumetric efficiency.

P9080 - EnERGY BALAnCE APPARATuS

Properties of Fuels

Sectioned Thermodynamics Equipment

P6310 - CALORIMETER SET FOR CALORIFIC VALuES OF FuELS (BOMB CALORIMETER)

P5656 - ELECTRIC PEnSKY MARTEnS FLASH POInT APPARATuS

P5657 - 3 CLOSED CuP FLASH POInT APPARATuS

The Cussons’ calorimeter is widely used in teaching establishments for the accurate determination of the calorific value of liquid and solid hydrocarbons. It meets the specifications of the Institute of Petroleum Designation IP12/73 Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels For Calorimeters.

As the most popular flash point apparatus, the Pensky Martens method is designed to determine the flash point of petroleum products with flash points up to a maximum temperature of 370°C and in so doing conforms to a number of ASTM, ISO, UN class and EN standards. Compatible with bio-fuel testing.

The electrically heated flash point apparatus is designed to determine the flash point of petroleum products and semi-solids with Flash/No Flash tests in a temperature range of 10 - 130°C. It conforms to the ASTM D3278; ASTM D3828; ASTM E502; IP 303 (obs); IP 523 standards and many more. Compatible with bio-fuel testing.

This Boy’s Gas Calorimeter has been developed to provide a simple but accurate method of ascertaining the calorific values of a wide range of gaseous fuels.

Cussons sectioned instructional units have been designed to enable the maximum educational value to be obtained from actual equipment in use today. Cussons offers components from refrigeration and air conditioning plant, pumps, valves and steam equipment. Where necessary, units are painted in contrasting colours to show the sectioning clearly and highlight points of interest.

Refrigeration and Air ConditioningP2255 Sectioned Refrigeration CompressorP2256 Board of Sectioned Refrigeration Components P2257 Sectioned Hermetic Refrigeration UnitP2258 Sectioned Air Conditioning Unit

Pumps P2265 Sectioned Centrifugal Water Pump (motorised)P2266 Sectioned Reciprocating Water PumpP2267 Sectioned Vane Pump (air)P2268 Sectioned Diaphragm Pump (air)P2269 Sectioned Gear Pump (oil power hydraulics)P2270 Sectioned Swash Plate Pump (oil power hydraulics)P2271 Sectioned Mono Pump

Valves and Steam PlantP2285 Sectioned Gate ValveP2286 Sectioned Globe ValveP2287 Board of Sectioned Pipe FittingsP2288 Sectioned Reducing Valve (air or gas)P2289 Sectioned Rotary Ball ValveP2295 Sectioned Steam TrapP2296 Sectioned Steam SeparatorP2297 Sectioned Steam EjectorP2298 Sectioned Pressure Relief Valve (steam)P2299 Sectioned CondenserP2300 Sectioned Steam EngineP2301 Sectioned Steam Injector

P5615 - BOY’S GAS CALORIMETER

In addition to the listed products, Cussons can undertake to section a wide range of equipment to meet specific requirements.

www.cussons.co.uk20

For eighty years Cussons Technology has designed

and manufactured engine test beds for universities

and industry. Our design and engineering team

integrates engines of different types and sizes within

dynamometer-equipped test beds to suit a multitude

of educational and research requirements.

Test bed instrumentation - also offered on a stand-alone

basis - includes equipment for measuring air flow, fuel flow,

temperature, torque, speed, emissions etc. With decades of

automotive industry experience, Cussons has an excellent

understanding of what is required in education and has

completed several hundred installations world-wide from the

simplest test bed to major engine test facilities.

Automotive

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A bench top unit offered with P8251 Petrol and P8252 Diesel four stroke, air cooled engine options. Engines can accept a cylinder pressure transducer and crank angle encoder (See P8005 electronic engine indicating (PV) system). Experimental capabilities include determination of:

1. Engine performance curves at full and part load2. Efficiency and variation of specific fuel consumption with speed and load3. Effect of mixture strength on performance and fuel consumption4. Gasoline engine includes AFR meter

Engine test stands for vocational training fitted with fuel injected four stroke four cylinder liquid cooled engines. Petrol (P8952) and diesel (P8962) versions are offered both supplied complete with starter motor, alternator, water pump, fuel pump, flywheel, flywheel guard and throttle assembly ready for running.

A self-contained unit with integrated four stroke, single cylinder, air cooled spark ignition engine and an electrical dynamometer capable of absorbing 2.2 kW and starting/motoring the engine. Two additional cylinder heads are included to provide scope for investigations at three different compression ratios. The engine can accept a cylinder pressure transducer and crank angle encoder. (See P8005 electronic engine indicating (PV) system). Extensive experimental capabilities include determination of:

1. Mixture strength 2. Spark advance characteristics3. Frictional power losses

4. Effect of compression ratio changes

A self-contained unit with an air cooled 7kW/4,000 RPM eddy current dynamometer. A wide range of engines may be used and Cussons offers models covering two/four stroke, air/water cooling and spark/compression ignition. These engines can accept a cylinder pressure transducer and crank angle encoder. (See P8005 electronic engine indicating (PV) system). Extensive experimental capabilities include determination of:

1. Engine performance curves at full and part load2. Volumetric efficiency3. Fuel consumption mixture loops4. Air/Fuel ratio5. Frictional power losses6. Heat and energy balances

Self-contained spark and compression ignition units are offered with integrated data acquisition. Both include modern, multi-cylinder, four stroke, water cooled, fuel injected engines which can accept a cylinder pressure transducer and crank angle encoder. (See P8005 electronic engine indicating (PV) system). The engines may be run on alternative fuels and a factory-fitted LPG conversion kit (P8003) is available for the spark ignition engine. Extensive experimental capabilities include determination of:

1. Four stroke engine performance curves at full and part load2. Engine efficiency and variation of specific fuel consumption with speed and load3. Brake Mean Effective Pressure4. Exhaust, water, oil and air temperatures5. Heat and energy balances

An advanced engine test bed with integrated data acquisition optimised for academic studies and offering significant scope for research. The unit is compatible with a range of engines and utilises an eddy current dynamometer. The test bed is offered with a spark or compression ignition four stroke multi-cylinder engine but both may be supplied and interchanged on-site. Standard engines accept a cylinder pressure transducer and crank angle encoder. (See P8005 electronic engine indicating (PV) system). A compact external cooling tower (P8751) is available to reduce reliance on mains water for energy dissipation. Extensive experimental capabilities include determination of:

P8952/P8962 - AuTOTRAInER TEST STAnDS

Engine Test Beds

Autotrainers

P8250 - AuTOMOTIVE 1 EnGInE TEST BED – PETROL & DIESEL EnGInE OPTIOnS

P8160 - SInGLE CYLInDER EnGInE TEST BED - EnGInE OPTIOnS uP TO 7KW

P8001/P8002 - MuLTI-CYLInDER EnGInE TEST BEDS

P8150 - AuTOMOTIVE EnGInE TEST BED - VARIABLE COMPRESSIOn FACILITY

P8750 - MuLTICYLInDER EnGInE TEST BED - MuLTIPLE EnGInE OPTIOnS

Engine options:P8615 4-Stroke Water Cooled Petrol EngineP8616 4-Stroke Water Cooled Diesel EngineP8617 4-Stroke Water Cooled Petrol Engine converted to CnG Engine

www.cussons.co.uk22

A selection of digital blowby meters to measure the gas flow from crankcases which may be easily incorporated into engine ventilation systems. Each meter includes a flow transducer and a digital display module.

This 19 inch rack mounted exhaust gas analyser provides a cost effective solution for determining the concentrations of pollutants and oxygen in the exhaust gases from spark or compression ignition IC engines optimised for all current and envisaged future requirements. It provides gas detection with high measurement accuracy and long term stability. The gases which may be detected are CO, CO2, O2, HC, SO2 and NOx.

P8360 - P8373 - BLOWBY METER RAnGE P8390 - ExHAuST GAS AnALYSER

Sectioned Automotive Equipment

Cussons sectioned instructional units have been designed to enable the maximum educational value to be obtained from actual equipment in use today. The range comprises assemblies and components from motor vehicles. Where necessary, units are painted in contrasting colours to show the sectioning clearly and highlight points of interest.

Automotive & Gas Analysers

Cussons offers high quality gas analysers enabling students to test and monitor exhaust gases and emissions in the area of automotive technology. All analysers are compatible with our Engine Test Beds and meet the international standards and accreditations for exhaust gas analysers.

P8227 - VOLuMETRIC FuEL FLOW MEASuREMEnT SYSTEM

P8261 - P8265 - ExHAuST GAS CALORIMETER RAnGE

A self-contained unit for the supply and measurement of fuel use at controlled pressure for both petrol or diesel engines.· Continuous Flow Measurement· Designed for high fuel recirculating rate· Pelton wheel design transducer· Analogue output proportional to flow rate· Digital display of flow rate· Totaliser with reset facility· Pressure controlled fuel delivery· Suitable for both diesel and gasoline fuels

A selection of exhaust gas calorimeters with instrumentation to enable the heat energy content of exhaust gases to be accurately determined.

A factory-fitted option for almost all engines offered for use on Cussons test beds. A low cost pressure-vs-volume engine indicating solution with high speed data acquisition and graphical display on a host PC.

P8005 - ELECTROnIC EnGInE InDICATInG (PV) SYSTEM FOR EnGInE TEST BEDS

A selection of laminar flow meters (LFMs) for measuring the pulsating air flows in IC engine air intakes. Eleven models are offered suitable for measuring airflows across a wide range. An airflow measurement and data acquisition system (P7032) is also offered for use with these LFMs.

Two units are offered to measure ‘swirl’ in the air drawn into an engine cylinder. Both are equally effective with blow or suction induced flow in either the upward or downward direction. Cussons also designs and manufactures custom research equipment such as complete port flow rigs for light duty ports (including parts for tumble) and for heavy duty ports etc.

P7190 - P7217 - LAMInAR FLOW METER RAnGE P7300/P7302 - IMPuLSE SWIRL METER RAnGE

Instrumentation and Accessories

World attention has been focused on the use of

consumable resources by the Kyoto Agreement

and by the mounting evidence for climate change.

Academics and students are particularly aware

of environmental issues and are motivated to

study renewable energy sources. The engineering

disciplines encountered within a study of renewable

energy technologies are often applicable as part of

broader mechanical or aeronautical courses. Cussons’

range of renewable energy laboratory experiments

and demonstrations are designed to teach students

the principles underlying renewable energy

technologies. Each manual explains the theory

behind the experiment in a way that allows it to be

applied within a dedicated renewable energy module

or as an interesting part of other engineering courses.

Environmental & Clean Energies

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Wind Turbine Dynamometer Range

Wind energy provided one of the earliest forms of mechanical power with a wide range of momentum based wind-powered machines (‘windmills’). Today full size wind turbines typically use the lift generated by aerofoils to provide torque to the electrical generator. Whilst most modern wind turbines are horizontal axis types, there is also support for emerging vertical axis designs. Cussons provides a range of products to permit realistic experiments with flat bladed horizontal axis wind turbines including considerations of energy extraction and forces on the structure.

The P3130A Wind Generator Set is designed to test small scale wind power turbines of up to 450 mm blade diameter. The equipment is designed to allow use inside a laboratory that does not have access to a wind tunnel. Students can measure power coefficients, compare power coefficients to theoretical limits (the Betz limit), produce power curves for stall regulated and pitch regulated turbines and determine thrust coefficients etc.

Dynamometers are used within industrial and other test facilities to verify the performance and reliability of wind turbines and other commercial machines. Cussons’ Wind Turbine Dynamometer range enables small scale turbine blade designs to be tested and the results of their performance validated with complete control of the external variables. Options are:

P3131A Wind Turbine Dynamometer - Basic Version

P3132A Wind Turbine Dynamometer - Instrumented hub (slip rings)

P3133A Wind Turbine Dynamometer - Instrumented hub (telemetry)

P3134A & P3136A 2/4 OR 3 BLADE InSTRuMEnTATED HuBThe 2/4 and 3 blade instrumented hubs include two strain gauged blade root elements to measure blade bending moments in two planes. One set of flat blades is included and a protractor gauge is supplied to measure pitch angle.

P3137A & P3138A 2/4 OR 3 BLADE nOn InSTRuMEnTED HuB The 2/4 and 3 blade non-instrumented hubs are supplied with one set of flat blades and a protractor gauge is supplied to measure pitch angle.

The equipment is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of a wind turbine plant and its whole operation. The layout is very visual and intuitive for teaching purposes. This is achieved by the provision of equipment in schematic and plugging panels. In addition, the unit has a full computer control system.

P3130A - WInD GEnERATOR SET

WInD TuRBInE DYnAMOMETER RAnGE

BLADES FOR WInD DYnAMOMETER

P3150 - WInD TuRBInE TRAInER unIT

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The P7140 Solar Energy Demonstration unit allows students to gain an appreciation of the total heat capture of a solar thermal energy panel and an understanding of their relative efficiency. Students are able to vary the water flow rate and angle of incidence of the unit to measure the change in energy collection performance.

This unit provides students the means of collecting and storing solar power, measuring the energy available from it and investigating the performance of a photovoltaic unit. The package enables both electrical and mechanical power to be obtained yet it does not require the use of complicated reflecting systems in order to concentrate the solar energy.

The equipment reproduces a full scale solar photovoltaic installation. The system offers a wide variety of energy tests, observation and analysis of the performance of PV panels:

- PV Panel as independent system, series and parallel.

- Simulations with batteries in series or in parallel.

- Direct access to DC converter and DC to AC.

- PV system as isolated system or connected to the network.

The P9040 Fuel Cell Demonstration Unit provides a working desk top proton exchange membrane fuel cell as the basis for student investigations including measurement of efficiency

P7140 - SOLAR EnERGY DEMOnSTRATIOn

P9060 - PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR POWER unIT

P9065 - SOLAR EnERGY MAnAGEMEnT unIT

P9040 - FuEL CELL DEMOnSTRATIOn unIT

Solar & Fuel Cell

Solar energy has been used for thousands of years to dry crops and fuels naturally and provides the basis for biomass energy of course. Direct use of solar energy is illustrated in the solar distillation of water, solar water heating and in the production of electricity by photovoltaic cells.

Cussons provides a range of solar energy products to permit realistic experiments in each of these three fields. Many interesting engineering challenges are presented in understanding solar energy use.

Students are often interested in small scale solar energy use and compact indoor laboratory equipment to illustrate the principles is desirable. Each product manual lays out the theory behind the experiment so that it may be used within a dedicated renewable energy programme or as an interesting part of other engineering teaching modules. Each solar apparatus may be used externally with natural sunlight or with Cussons’ indoor light kits which allow studies to be conducted at any time of the year. Data may be recorded manually or through the use of data acquisition equipment.

Fuel cells are a flexible form of energy storage that have the potential to dominate transport and local power supply during the 21st century but many students will have no direct experience of them. Cussons provides a series of hydrogen fuel cell experiments and practical work which can familiarise students with this emerging technology.

P7130/P7135 - SOLAR DISTILLATIOn APPARATuS – BASIn AnD THIn FILM TYPE

The Solar Distillation Apparatus enables students to measure output and efficiency against solar energy input, amount of base insulation and brine depth. The effects of different absorbent surfaces, inclination, ambient temperature, wind velocity and the effect of cooling the glass cover may also be investigated

www.cussons.co.uk26

The important subjects of dynamics, balancing,

vibrations, whirling and other basic principles of

applied mechanics are covered with this range of

products. The equipment has evolved from designs

originating within academic institutions to fulfil the

requirements of a modern mechanical engineering

curriculum. Introductory studies through to advanced

investigations are possible and each piece of

equipment is supplied with comprehensive user

manuals as with all Cussons equipment.

Applied Mechanics

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P1150 - STATIC & DYnAMIC BALAnCInG MACHInE

P5464 - InCLInED PLAnE / SLIDInG FRICTIOn APPARATuS

P5226 - AnGuLAR ACCELERATIOn APPARATuS

This experiment has been developed to provide a means for accurate experimental work in the balancing of rigid rotors. The design of the machine adheres to industrial practice and it may be used to balance real rotors in addition to the five-disc rotor provided.

This apparatus enables students to measure the coefficient of friction for several combinations of materials. The robust apparatus is of all metal construction with an inclinable 90 cm ground steel plane.

This apparatus enables students to investigate the angular acceleration of a solid cylindrical body caused by the action of a falling mass. It provides a number of interesting experiments relating to the kinematics and dynamics of rotating systems.

Theory of Machines

This experiment enables students to understand dynamically induced stresses arising in mechanically resonant systems such as transmission shafts and engine crank shafts. An additional Linear Vibration Apparatus P1906 is available and this extends the range of experiments with the P1901.

The Linear Vibration Apparatus extends the range of experiments of the P1901 Torsional Vibration Apparatus. The apparatus provides the student with an introductory course on linear vibration. The practical experiments with their direct relationship to common design situations give an insight into vibration phenomena and illuminate the fundamental theory.

The Fletcher Trolley Apparatus is the classic equipment for both linear and angular motion investigations. Measurement of velocity and acceleration, experiments on momentum and angular acceleration and determination of acceleration due to gravity are possible with this apparatus.

The Energy of Flywheel apparatus is an extremely robust and versatile unit comprising a flywheel - the mass of which may be varied by adding and removing two rings and one disc - mounted upon a heavy duty stand. The unit also includes a vibrating arm to enable traces to be drawn on a paper strip positioned on the circumference of the flywheel.

The Centripetal Force Apparatus enables accurate determinations of the relationship between force, mass radius and angular velocity for a rotating body.

The Whirling of Shafts Apparatus enables students to investigate the whirling of a long thin shaft supported at its ends, whirling of a shaft with concentrated masses, whirling of a continuous shaft and whirling of a shaft with intermediate nodes.

P1901 - TORSIOnAL VIBRATIOnS APPARATuS

P1906 - LInEAR VIBRATIOn APPARATuS P2072 - FLETCHER TROLLEY APPARATuS

P2776 - EnERGY OF FLYWHEEL

P2799 - CEnTRIPETAL FORCE APPARATuS

P5428 - WHIRLInG OF SHAFTS APPARATuS

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P5377 - ELECTRICAL GYROSCOPE COMPLETE WITH DIGITAL TACHOMETER

P2180 - ExTEnSIOn & COMPRESSIOn OF SPRInGS

This Electrical Gyroscope has been designed to demonstrate the relationships between gyroscopic speed, gyroscopic inertia, external applied torque and precession. A separate hand-held optical tachometer is provided for accurate measurement of the gyroscope rotor speed.

The Extension and Compression of Springs apparatus is a wall mounted unit which enables students to determine the load and deflection relationship for close coiled springs as well as concepts of Modulus of Rigidity.

This apparatus provides a wide range of laboratory experiments on journal bearings within a self-contained unit. Various options make it possible to measure journal friction, map the hydrodynamic pressure of the oil film and determine the bearing attitude of a journal bearing using only the optional instrumentation 5014 and P5015.

The Rubber Block Apparatus is a wall mounted unit which enables students to investigate the shear stress and shear strain in a rubber slab. It introduces students to the concept of Modulus of Rigidity.

Cussons is able to offer digital testing machines ranging from 25kN to 1,000kN capacity with high precision control and accuracy and including automated computer control of test methods for simplicity of operation. These UTMs have 800% overload capability (load cells), small footprint, high resolution, self-cleaning ball-screws and an extensive suite of software. A range of different grips and fixtures for tension and compression is available.

P5030 – 25 universal Testing Machines 25kn

P5030 – 50 universal Testing Machines 50kn

P5030 – 100 universal Testing Machines 100kn

P5030 – 500 universal Testing Machines 500kn

P5030 – 600 universal Testing Machines 600kn

The Torsion Apparatus is bench mounted and consists of a horizontal unit which can accept specimens up to 6 mm diameter and 450 mm length. The torsion head is supported in ball bearings and torque is applied by a hanger and masses. Angular displacement is measured by a dial and pointer which can slide along the base to enable readings to be taken at any point.

The Free and Forced Vibration Apparatus has been developed to present vibration phenomena with viscous damping in a way that may be easily perceived and accurately analysed.

P5013 - jOuRnAL FRICTIOn APPARATuS

P1206 - RuBBER BLOCK APPARATuS

P5030 - unIVERSAL TESTInG MACHInES

P4334 - TORSIOn APPARATuS

P5000 - FREE AnD FORCED VIBRATIOn APPARATuS

Strength of Materials

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Cussons Structures range comprises a standard test frame with loading and measurement facilities plus a series of different test structures which fit into the frame. This range provides an excellent introduction to structures for demonstration and for experiments at technician and undergraduate level. The equipment is complemented by Cussons’ structures software which provides an interactive system for the input of loads and calculation of displacements. Many teachers find that the traditional weights and dial gauge system is just as effective for teaching purposes however.

P4120 Frame Bench / Floor mounted

P4125 Deflection of Beams

P4126 Buckling of Struts

P4127 Measurement of Shear Forces

P4128 Measurement of Bending Moment

P4130 Rigidly Supported Arch

P4131 Two Hinged Arch

P4132 Three Hinged Arch

P4133 Suspension Bridge

P4134 Forces in a Truss

P4135 Portal Frame

P4140 Plastic deflection of beam

P4141 Plastic deflection of portal

Structures

www.cussons.co.uk30

A practical understanding of Process Control

Engineering is essential in most industries. The

Cussons range of process control engineering

products presents the students with a broad cross

section of control techniques and typical applications

used in practice.

The products demonstrate the function of the individual components of control loops and allow the students to change parameters observing effects and to follow a full experimental program using the manuals provided.

To prepare students, operators and maintenance staff to understand the automated environment in industry, Cussons offers a range of products for electrical and mechanical control engineering and instrumentation. The products are designed to be either “self-paced” or instructor taught with a curriculum which is easy to understand. Hands-on training programmes simulate real life working conditions. Industry standard quality components are used throughout.

Process Control Engineering

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The Boiler Control unit along with its software simulation allows students to investigate the operation of a steam generation plant. Altering the system properties allows the user to simulate a wide range of boiler systems for periods up to 24 hours and adjustments to the operating parameters may be made whilst the simulation is running to allow the investigation of transients on the system.

The Process Control Simulator is a self-contained laboratory scale industrial system (bench type model - under development) that allows the principles underlying modern industrial control equipment to be studied in the context of process operations. The unit may be used to investigate pressure, flow, temperature, level and cascade control utilising pneumatic and microprocessor-based PID controllers.

This Pressure Control Apparatus is designed to demonstrate automatic control of the pressure within a vessel. The unit enables students to investigate the effects of changing the parameters of the control algorithm (proportional band, integral action and derivative time) on the control capability of the system.

This Flow Control Apparatus is designed to demonstrate automatic control of the flow of water delivered by a centrifugal pump. The unit enables students to investigate the effects of changing the parameters of the control algorithm (proportional band, integral action and derivative time) on the control capability of the system.

This Level Control System is designed to allow numerous level control experiments to be performed within a typicallaboratory session. The unit enables students to investigate the effects of changing the parameters of the control algorithm and changes can be made to the process conditions by adjustment of the flow into the vessel.

P3005 - PROCESS COnTROL SIMuLATORP7665 - BOILER COnTROL DEMOnSTRATIOn AnD FAuLT SIMuLATIOn unIT

P3009 - PRESSuRE COnTROL APPARATuS, THREE TERM PnEuMATIC

P3015 - LEVEL COnTROL APPARATuS, THREE TERM ELECTROnIC

P3035 - TEMPERATuRE COnTROL APPARATuS, THREE TERM ELECTROnIC

P3010 - FLOW COnTROL APPARATuS, THREE TERM ELECTROnIC

The Temperature Control Apparatus illustrates the control of temperature in a simulated reactor vessel by controlling the supply of coolant (air) in response to changes in process conditions. The unit provides students with the opportunity of investigating the effects of a change of controller parameters (proportional band, integral and derivative times) on the control capability of the system. The unit is made up of typical items of control equipment currently used in industrial applications, thereby providing an excellent opportunity for familiarisation.

The pH Control Apparatus is designed to demonstrate the control of the acidity of a water supply by chemical dosing. Two methods are available to control the addition of the dosing chemical, either slug (on-off) dosing or continuous controlled injection.

The Programmable Logic Control Module (PLC) is designed to be connected to a range of experiments for simulating an automatic process. The unit has digital inputs and relay outputs which, when connected to the experiments, may be used to start and stop pumps, select remote set point inputs and create disturbances to a process by opening or closing solenoid valves.

P3020 - ACIDITY (PH) COnTROL APPARATuS P3030 - PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC COnTROL MODuLE

www.cussons.co.uk32

The Three Phase Separator is an essential resource for teaching engineering students and ‘oil & gas’ or process industry personnel. It enables students to investigate the effects of separation pressure and flow/residence time etc. on the separation dynamics. Experimental coverage includes flow vs residence time, flow vs composition, pressure vs flow, pressure vs composition and temperature vs composition (latter by means of simulation).

The Plant Trainer has been designed to provide a unique opportunity to train technicians on an industrial process plant in a safe, controlled and supervised environment. The trainer is the perfect tool to offer training courses in Plant Maintenance, Control Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering and Health and Safety Engineering. Use of this equipment by companies such as BP and Shell, has allowed their technicians to gain hands on experience of a real, full size process plant facility without the obvious danger of contamination due to leakage, human error or expensive equipment damage

The Multiphase Flow Unit which is particularly suitable for ‘oil and gas‘courses enables students to study 2- and 3-phase flow (oil, water and compressed air) by means of ‘once through’ experimental runs followed by gravitational separation. The unit provides for various investigations including single phase flow, hydrostatic and dynamic pressure investigations, hold-up time and slip velocity, 2-phase separation and superficial velocity, drift velocity in air/water flow, 2-phase flow, 2-phase and 3-phase flow separation rates, bubble structures and bubble sizes. The unit is operated via a touch-screen PC with SCADA software and may be specified with an electrical capacitance tomography sensor option for advanced studies in flow and bubble structure imaging.

P3620 - MuLTIPHASE FLOW unIT

P3700 - THREE PHASE SEPARATIOn TRAInInG unIT

P3600 - InDuSTRIAL PROCESS PLAnT TRAInER

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Cussons Technology has built on the success of its

Kempf & Remmers Range of Research Hydrodynamics

test equipment and its knowledge of tertiary

educational engineering equipment to produce a

new range of Educational hydrodynamic equipment

to complement smaller facilities. The Equipment is

designed to be robust for student use, and consistent

in its results and accuracy as many of the components

are inherited from the Kempf & Remmers Range.

The Purpose is to allow the lecturer demonstrations

to be carried out with ease, and for the students to

undertake a range of experiments with repeatable

results and reasonable accuracy.

Marine Hydrodynamics

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Marin

e H

ydro

dynam

ics

www.cussons.co.uk34

Educational Towing Carriages

Educational Wave Makers & Wave Absorbing Beaches

Cussons has a whole new range of towing carriages aimed at University and Educational Institutes that do not have the room for the larger scale research grade facilities. This range of unmanned carriages, are light weight, highly rigid & robust platforms that allow a wide variety of equipment to be attached from them. The carriages are controlled and operated by a shore based Wireless supervisory control and data logging / acquisition system.

Designed to suit a towing tank 2m wide, with minimum length 40 up to a maximum of 70m (maximum rail length is 60m) - Max Speed 3m/s

A variety of dynamometers can be supplied for use with the educational carriages, these are interfaced with he support frame for connection to ship models or fitting of propeller models. These include:

R35E – Educational Resistance Dynamometer

R200E – Educational Multi Component Ship / Yacht Model Balance

V110E - Educational Ship Stability Dynamometer

H75E - Educational Open Water Propeller / Turbine Dynamometer R75E - Educational Self–Propulsion

R31E, R42E & R43E Traditional Self-Propulsion Dynamometer for educational scaled models

We also supply additional equipment which can be used in conjunction with the towing carriage for model manufacturing & measuring facilities:

R28E - Educational Scaled Model Guiding Arms

V122E - Educational High Speed Camera System

n10E - Educational Wake Rake with Integrated Pressure Transducers

M150E - Educational 1.5m Offshore Support Vessel / Trawler Model

H75P Set of Educational Scaled Propeller models

R67 - Tank Pit mounted Off–shore & floor mounted static model 6 component balance

Cussons Technology wave makers incorporate proven software techniques for wave generator control and can include software links to towing carriages to optimise test duration. Wave Technology is a rapidly advancing science - new or modified products are continually being developed to meet unique experimental needs, including those associated with the offshore industry’s deep-sea exploration research programmes. Our wave maker designs include:

W20E/W40E - Wet Back Hinge Flap Regular / Irregular Wave Maker

W20EB/W40EB – Hybrid Resonant Tuneable Wave Absorbing Beach

R23E - Educational Carriage Mounted Wave Probe

Designed to suit a towing tank 4m wide, with minimum length 40 up to a maximum of 70m (maximum rail length is 60m) - Max Speed 3m/s (however 4m/s is possible)

C20E - EDuCATIOnAL TOWInG CARRIAGE

DYnAMOMETERS FOR EDuCATIOnAL TOWInG CARRIAGES

ADDITIOnAL EQuIPMEnT & InSTRuMEnTATIOn

C40E - EDuCATIOnAL TOWInG CARRIAGE

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Educational Cavitation Tunnels

Cussons offers a range of small Cavitation Tunnels developed from the Kempf and Remmers designs for use in the laboratories of Technical Universities. The Tunnels are manufactured from high grade materials to resist corrosion and fouling. Each of our Educational Range of Tunnels is supplied with optional control and data-acquisition systems. The data acquisition system interface is based on National Instruments Front End for development with Labview.

A small but carefully made circulating water tunnel with pressure regulation for cavitation tests, which is suitable for various kinds of experimental and demonstration work on flow and cavitation. The tunnel provides a range of experiments in either hydrodynamic, aerospace or civil engineering.

This is a Small Research Cavitation Tunnel with 3different interchangeable measuring sections available:

- 300mm x 300mm Measuring Section Max Speed 9m/s- 425mm x 425mm Measuring Section Max Speed 5m/s- Asymmetric 630mm x 350mm Measuring Section Max Speed 4m/s

Cussons offers a large variety of instrumentation for hydrodynamic studies. Our range of Wake Rakes, Pitot Tubes and High Speed Cameras allow the experimental work associated with new research being undertaken in many parts of the world.

J19 Wake Rake with Integrated Pressure Transducers for use Tunnels

K23-06 Pitot Static Tube for use in measuring section of Tunnel

V121E High Speed / Frame Rate Camera system for observing cavitation.

V140 B&K Cavitation Tunnel Hydrophone system

V123E Flat Plate and Cylinder Model Experiment for use in Tunnels

There is a full range of equipment available to compliment these facilities including; Open-water propeller dynamometers, force and moment balances, wake rakes and pitot static Prandtl probes. Please see the list on the adjacent page. Within the standard K14 and the K23 square sections we would recommend the use of the Open water propeller dynamometers that can be mounted either down-stream of the flow in the traditional open water mode, or upstream of the flow where it can be installed with wake screens to simulate the wake of the hull.

K14 - EDuCATIOnAL CAVITATIOn TunnEL

K23 - RESEARCH CAVITATIOn TunnEL - EnTRY LEVEL

EDuCATIOnAL CAVITATIOn TunnEL InSTRuMEnTATIOn

EDuCATIOnAL CAVITATIOn TunnEL DYnAMOMETERS

External Mounted Dynamometers for use in Tunnels for Open Water Propeller testing in the following ranges:

R33E Rated Max Torque ±15Nm, Rated Max Thrust ±400N at 3500rpm. Rated Max Torque ±30Nm, Rated Max Thrust ±600N at 3500rpm.R73E Rated Max Torque ±15Nm, Rated Max Thrust ±400N at 3500rpm. Rated Max Torque ±30Nm, Rated Max Thrust ±600N at 3500rpm.

Component Balance range:The R30 Three Component Balance is designed for use in the measuring section of water tunnels with pressure regulation for cavitation tests.

The R35 Single Component Balance can be used in air as well as under water, including within a Cavitation Tunnel.

The R37 Six Component Balance is designed for testing rudders, hydrofoils and ship appendages within medium sized measuring sections of Cavitation Tunnels.

HEAD OFFICE

Cussons Technology Limited

Cussons Technology Ltd

Great Clowes Street

Manchester

M7 1RH

TEL: +44 (0)161 833 0036

FAx: +44 (0)161 834 4688

E-MAIL: sales@cussons.co.uk

www.cussons.co.uk