•Don’t forget your name and date (1 point)! •Each group member needs a paper.•Organelle Scavenger Hunt •Fold your paper in half lengthwise, then fold it in half crosswise. •Label each of the 8 rectangles you have created (4 on the front, 4 on the back) with the name of one cell structure from chapter 7.2 that your group studied. •Teach each other. In each box, make a drawing of the organelle, and write a description of its form and function•Make a poster: Now, working as a group, make one poster labeled, “Plant Cell,” or “Animal Cell.”•Be sure to include labeled drawings of all the organelles you studied and their functions.•Be sure that you have included and labeled structures which distinguish your cell as a plant or animal cell.

Cell Structure and Function

Goals1. Describe the main function of the cell

wall2. Describe the function of the nucleus3. Identify main roles of the cytoskeleton4. Describe the functions of the major cell

organelles

7.2 Cell Structures

PLANT CELL

Nuclearenvelope

Ribosome(attached)

Ribosome(free)

Smooth endoplasmicreticulum

Nucleus

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

NucleolusGolgi apparatus

Mitochondrian

Cell wall

CellMembrane

Chloroplast

Vacuole

ANIMAL CELL

Centrioles

Nucleolus

NucleusNuclearenvelope

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Smooth endoplasmicreticulum

Mitochondrian

CellMembrane

Ribosome(free)

Ribosome(attached)

The Cell Wall

• Main function - protection & support• Made of carbohydrate and protein fibers• Cellulose wood and paper

Nucleus•Controls cell processes•Contains hereditary information DNA•Chromosomes and Chromatin DNA & protein disperse as chromatinAt divisions, chromatin forms chromosomes•Nucleolus assembly of ribosomes•Nuclear envelope pores through which RNA passes

Cytoskeleton•Protein•Support•Movement of some cells•Microtubules hollow tubes maintain cell shape cilia flagella•Control movement of organelles

Cytoskeleton

Cell membrane

Endoplasmicreticulum

Microtubule

Microfilament

Ribosomes Michondrion

Ribosomes•Creation of proteins following coded instructions from the nucleus•Produced in the nucleolus•Proteins produced move to the:

Endoplasmic Reticulum•Membrane system•Assembly of cell membrane•Modification of proteins

Golgi Apparatus

•Receive proteins from rough Endoplasmic Reticulum •Attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins

Lysosomes

•Small •Enzyme-filled•Break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins•Remove debris•Digestion

Vacuoles

•Storage water proteins salts carbohydrates •Plants often have one big central vacuole•Smaller vacuoles are called vessicles

Chloroplasts

•Plants•Photosynthesis•Chlorophyll•Double-membrane bound

Mitochondria

•Metabolism•Make high energy compounds from food•Double membrane bound

Organelle DNA

•Chloroplasts and Mitochondria contain their own DNA•Margulis: Are these organelles ancient prokaryotes?(endosymbiotic theory)•ALL organelle DNA comes from egg!

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are needed to see this picture.

Cell Review Match Up

Copy both columns. Match correct responses. More than one

response may be appropriate.

1 Nucleus2 Lysosome3 Mitochondrion4 Diffusion5 Endocytosis6 Ribosome7 Endoplasmic Reticulum8 Centriole9 Osmosis10 Cell Membrane11 Chloroplast12 Cell Wall13 Golgi Body

A. Provides rigid structure external to the cell membrane

B. The powerhouse of the cellC. Packages proteins and other productsD. Diffusion of water across a semipermeable

membraneE. The site of photosynthesisF. Two organelles that have their own DNA

apart from cellular DNAG. Assembles amino acids into proteinsH. Recieves polypeptides from the ribosomes.

Helps fold them into shapeI. In animals only. Part of the cytoskeletonJ. A semipermeable membrane surrounding the

cellK. Contains the cells genetic informationL. Movement of a substance from an area of

high concentration to an area of low concentration.

M. Taking a substance into the cell by, “pinching off,” a portion of the membrane

N. Contains enzymes for breaking down large molecules

• Return to section 7-2 and read, “The Cell as a Factory on page 182

1. What part of the cell could be represented by the factory walls?

2. What part of the cell represents the main office?

3. What roll does the endoplasmic reticulum play in the cell as factory analogy?

4. What about the golgi bodies?

5. Where does the cell/factory get it’s power?

6. Go further: What could be the roll of the chloroplasts? Cell membrane?

Cell Analogy

• Return to section 7-2 and read, “The Cell as a Factory on page 182

1. What part of the cell could be represented by the factory walls?

2. What part of the cell represents the main office?

3. What roll does the endoplasmic reticulum play in the cell as factory analogy?

4. What about the golgi bodies?

5. Where does the cell/factory get it’s power?

6. Go further: What could be the roll of the chloroplasts? Cell membrane?

Now make up your own analogy for a cell.

Your analogy will need a control center.

It will probably involve some sort of product

It will probably need some source of energy

Make a list of all the organelles and other cell structure from section 7-2

Now create a poster to present to the class.

Cell Analogy

1. Plant roots are able to take in minerals even though there is already a higher concentration of minerals inside of the root than outside. Is this an example of active or passive transport? How do you know?

2. What is facilitated diffusion? Does facilitated diffusion require the cell to expend energy? Explain.

3. What is the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport that uses a, “protein pump.”

4. Make two drawings of a cell of the aquatic plant, Elodea. Show one cell in a hypertonic solution of salt water and one in distilled water. Describe what has happened in each and label the cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole, cytoplasm and chloroplasts. Label the semipermeable membrane and the direction of net movement of water into or out of the membrane.

Crossing the Membrane Review

1. Plant roots are able to take in minerals even though there is already a higher concentration of minerals inside of the root than outside. Is this an example of active or passive transport? How do you know?

Plant roots taking up minerals from the soil involves moving a substance against the concentration gradient. It takes energy and is therefore active transport.

Crossing the Membrane Review

2. What is facilitated diffusion? Does facilitated diffusion require the cell to expend energy? Explain.

In facilitated diffusion, a protein channel is open to a specific molecule which move in or out through the protein channel by diffusion. Since the flow is with the concentration gradient, facilitated diffusion does not require additional energy

Crossing the Membrane Review

3. What is the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport that uses a, “protein pump.”

In active transport, the protein channel actually changes shape in order to force a molecule into or out of the cell against the concentration gradient.

Crossing the Membrane Review

4. Make two drawings of a cell of the aquatic plant, Elodea. Show one cell in a hypertonic solution of salt water and one in distilled water. Describe what has happened in each and label the cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole, cytoplasm and chloroplasts. Label the semipermeable membrane and the direction of net movement of water into or out of the membrane.

Crossing the Membrane Review

• Cell Parts and Processes Review:• Fold a piece of paper into a 4 by 4 grid (16 squares)• Use all your resources from chapter 7, Worksheets, warm

ups, guided readings, and anything you have in your binder to make up a list of at least 16 terms or concepts from the chapter.

• Write them on one side of the paper. • Cut the paper into 16 flashcards and write study points on

the back of each card. • Compare your collection to the students sitting next to

you. Add more cards to your set as needed. • Quiz each other until the end of class. • Study your flashcards again for homework tonight.

Cell Parts and Processes Review

Comparing Cells

ProkaryotesEukaryotes

CellmembraneRibosomes

Cell wall

Golgi apparatusEndoplasmic

reticulumLysosomes

NucleusVacuoles

Cytoskeleton Mitochondria

Small

Circular DNA

You must write this at the top of the paper: Learning Goal - Distinguish Plant Cells From Animal CellsDraw two intersecting circles, label one, “plant cells,” and the other,“animal cells.” Without looking at your book or notes, create a proper Venn diagram filling in each segment with organelles that belong to plant cells, animal cells, or both. Then get out your notes to check your work.

Comparing Cells

Animal Cells Plant Cells

Comparing Cells

Animal Cells Plant Cells

LysosomesCentriolesSmall (if anyvacuoles

Nucleus Ribosomes

Cell membraneEndoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatusMitochondriaCytoskeleton

Vacuoles

Cell Wall

Chloroplasts

Large, central vacuole

Actually, some plant cells do appear to hve lysosomes: see this page

1. I assemble amino acids into polypeptides. What am I?2. I contain the cell’s genetic information. What am I?3. I hold enzymes that break down large molecules into compounds the

cell can use. What am I?4. I am the type of molecule that is embedded in the cell membrane and

allows molecules that would not otherwise be able to pass through the semipermeable membrane to diffuse into or out of the cell.

5. I contain my own organelle DNA apart from the cell’s DNA, and I am not found in animal cells.

6. Surrounding the cell, I am composed of a lipid bilayer.7. I do the final processing and packaging of macromolecules such as

proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell.8. I provide rigid structure external to the cell membrane.9. I am composed of microtubules and microfilaments.10. I receive polypeptide chains from the ribosomes and am responsible

for folding them into their functional shapes

What am I?

I assemble amino acids into polypeptides. What am I? I am a ribosomeI contain the cell’s genetic information. What am I? I am the nucleusI hold enzymes that break down large molecules into

compounds the cell can use. I am a lysosome I am the type of molecule that is embedded in the cell

membrane and allows molecules that would not otherwise be able to pass through the semipermeable membrane to diffuse into or out of the cell.

I am a protein

What am I?

I contain my own organelle DNA apart from the cell’s DNA, and I am not found in animal cells.

I am a chloroplast.Surrounding the cell, I am composed of a lipid bilayer. I am the cell membrane. I do the final processing and packaging of macromolecules such as

proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell. I am a golgi body.I provide rigid structure external to the cell membrane. I am the cell wallI am composed of microtubules and microfilaments. I am the cytoskeleton (I could be centriole) I receive polypeptide chains from the ribosomes and am responsible for

folding them into their functional shapes. I am the endoplasmic reticulum

What am I?