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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The general purpose of this study is to understand the basic requirements ofdifferent companies for domestic movement of cargo i.e. the mode of
transport they use for movement of cargo, the type of service they require,
their major destination lanes and the shipment volumes and the various
problems they currently face to manage the entire process of transportation.
India is being touted as the land of opportunity for logistics service
providers all over the world. Logistics management in India has become
complex, with about ten million retail outlets to cater to the needs of one
billion people.
The study will also help us build a network of routes in and around Kolkata
for DOMESTIC CARGO SERVICES in Expeditors. Basically Covering seven
sisters i.e. the north eastern states. The study will help in approximation of
cost and time of each shipment and thus improving the services. A network
would be developed and various factors would be considered while selecting
an office location for DCS in KOLKATA.
The sample size for this research is 90. A set of questions would be
developed and administered to the sample population. The question would
be administered through telephonic conversation.
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Sr.no Contents
Pg.No.
1 Introduction 6
a. Logistics outlook in India 9
b. Investments in Logistics sector 9
c. Pitfalls and Challenges 10
d. Need for Integration 12
e. Outsourcing Logistics services-A growing Trend 13
2 Third Party Logistics 14
a. Overview 14
b. Advent and Growth of 3PL market in India 14
c. Factors that are driving Indian Logistics towards3PL
15
3 Objectives 16
4 Research Methodology 18
5 Conceptual Framework 20
6 About Expeditors 23
7 SWOT Analysis of Expeditors 29
8 Kolkata Network 31
9 Data Analysis 37
10 Findings 53
11 Conclusion 61
12 Suggestion 64
13 Limitation 67
14 Bibliography 69
15 Annexure 71
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INTRODUCTION
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INTRODUCTION
The Logistics Industry
Globally, the logistics industry is valued at US$ 3.5 trillion.
The U.S., which contributes to over 25% of the global industry value,
spends close to 9% of its GDP on logistic services.
The Indian Logistics Industry is presently estimated at US$ 90 billion.
(CII)
The industry has generated employment for 45 million people in the
country in comparison with the IT and ITES sector which employs
approximately 4.3 million People.
It is forecast to grow at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of
Approximately 8% over the next three to five years. (CII)
Third Party Logistics (3PL) Solutions, is slated to grow at a compound
Annual growth rate (CAGR) of over 16% from 2007-10. Consequently,
3PL service providers are expected to corner an increased share of the
Indian Logistics pie, from 6% in FY06 to 13% in FY11, at a CAGR of
25% (CII).
The primary growth drivers of this industry are as under:
Investments in the infrastructure sector amounting to US$ 350 billion:
o Increased efficiency and productivity of the transport system
would result in lower transit times.
Streamlining of the indirect tax structure:
o The introduction of Value Added Tax (VAT) and the proposed
introduction of a singular Goods and Services Tax (GST) are
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expected to significantly reduce the number of warehouses
manufacturers are required to maintain in different states,
thereby resulting in a substantial increase in demand for
integrated logistics solutions.
Robust trade growth
o Strong economic growth and liberalization have led to
considerable increase in domestic and international trade
volumes over the past five years. Consequently, the requirement
for transportation, handling and warehousing is growing at a
robust pace and is driving the demand for integrated logistics
solutions.
Globalization of manufacturing systems
o Globalization of manufacturing systems coupled with
advancements in technology are increasingly compelling
companies across verticals to concentrate on their core
competencies and avail the cost saving potential of outsourcing.
This is expected to contribute to an increase in the need for
integrated logistic solutions, which is the niche of every Third
Party Logistics Service (3PL Services) provider.
The industry has been valued at US$ 125 billion in 2010. (CII)
A snapshot of the FDI regulations governing the industry is as under:
i. 100% FDI under the automatic route is permitted for all logistic
services except services mentioned in points ii and iii below.
ii. FDI up to 100% subject to FIPB approval is permitted for courier
services.
iii. FDI up to 49% under the automatic route is permitted for air
transport services, including air cargo services. It is pertinent to mention in
this context, that Press Note 1 (2007) that is expected to be imminently
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notified by the DIPP proposes to increase the limit of FDI on air cargo
services in 74%.
The industry has been at the receiving end of increasing interest from
the private equity sector. The year 2007 witnessed just under US$ 1
billion in private equity investments in this industry, representing
approximately 7% of total private equity investments during the year,
against 3% in the previous year.
Logistics outlook in India
India spends about 13.0 percent of its total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on
logistics, as per 2005 estimates. The major logistics functions for the Indianindustries include
Transportation
Warehousing
Freight Forwarding, and other Value Added Operations including
Management of Information Systems (MIS).
Nevertheless, the logistics industry, providing services to fulfill these major
logistics needs of the Indian industries is highly fragmented. Thetransportation service provider segment is completely dominated by small
trucking companies and individual truckers. The freight forwarding service
provider segment is also represented by thousands of small customs brokers
and clearing & forwarding agents. Similarly, there are a huge number of
participants in the warehousing service segment and MIS service segment
also. Few service providers have the capability to provide more than one
service and it is very rare that a single service provider has the capability to
provide all the logistics services. Such fragmentation had lead Indian
industries to outsource packets of individual logistics functions to different
service providers while retaining the overall control of logistics in-house,
despite incurring heavy administrative and infrastructural costs.
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Huge Investments in Logistics Sector
Indias logistics sector attracted investments worth Rs. 23,200 crore in
first half of 2008.
It outclassed some of the major sectors including aviation (Rs 20,890
crore), metals and mining (Rs 8500 crore) and consumer durables (Rs 6000
crore) among others.
Delhi has emerged as the preferred location for the development of
logistics parks with an investment of approximately $ 200 million.
A large number of upcoming SEZs have necessitated the development
of logistics for the domestic market as well as for global trade.
Indian logistics industry is expected to grow annually at the rate of 15-
20 percent, reaching revenues of approximately $ 385 bn by 2015.
Market share of organized logistics players is also expected to double
to approximately 12 percent during the same period.
About 110 logistics parks spread over approximately 3,500 acres at an
estimated cost of $1 bn are expected to be operational and an estimated 45
mn ft2 of warehousing space with an investment of $ 500 mn is expected tobe developed by various logistics companies by 2012.
Pitfalls and challenges
The Indian logistics industry suffers from inadequate infrastructure, complex
tax laws and insufficient technological aids.
In India, around 65% of goods are transported by road. In respect of the road
transport sector, vehicle ownership is firmly in the hands of individual truck
owners, 67% of whom have fleets of less than five vehicles.
A fragmented market increases paperwork costs and efforts required to
channel resources. The poor condition of roads translates directly to higher
vehicle turnover, which increases operating costs and reduces efficiency.
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These inefficiencies are passed on to the logistics industry, with
transportation costs accounting for nearly 40% of logistics costs.
As the average fleet size is small, individual truck owners are unable to
contract their vehicles directly to companies, and thus freight consolidators
and brokers take a commission to provide truck owners with consignments.
Truck owners lack the bargaining power necessary for negotiating prices,
and provide transportation services at minimum profit. Increasing costs and
dwindling profits affect truck owners ability to upgrade and expand their
fleets.
In India, logistics costs are still higher than those in developed markets it is
estimated to be around 13% of the GDP, compared with 8% in the US.
Transportation costs account for nearly 40% of production costs.
Inventory carrying costs account for approximately 24% of logistics costs,
and order processing and administrative costs account for a significant 10%.
Stock filing and warehouse management is, in many cases, done manually,
which increases administrative costs and adds an element of inefficiency.
The three major hurdles faced by Indias logistics industry are insufficient
knowledge and under-exposure of logistics solution providers, inadequateinfrastructure, and ineffective usage of information technology.
Lack of an integrated transport policy has hampered growth of the logistics
sector in India. The major problem is the road transport sector, which,
despite being a major link in the system, does not enjoy industry status.
Consequently, road transport operators do not have access to low-interest
funds.
India needs to invest in railways, which are environmentally friendly and the
most cost effective system. Inland waterways, neglected over the years, are
to be developed as well, pointed out MP M Menon, former Indian
ambassador to Brazil.
A characteristic feature of the industry structure in India, particularly in the
express and logistics segments, is the many players offering homogenous
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services. Consequently, there is near-commoditization of services, especially
in the express document business where demand is price-sensitive. The top
end of the market is controlled by a handful of multi-nationals and large
domestic players. Industry consolidation is, however, starting to occur.
DHL has acquired local express major Blue Dart Express and, in the port
terminal business, Maersk and P&O Ports have consolidated their position by
acquiring controlling stakes in private container terminals in Gujarat. The
pace of mergers and acquisitions will most certainly develop in the years to
come as the market is progressively liberalized.
Need for integration
There is a vital need for integration so that our customers can achieve their
transportation requirements while maximizing the value of money spent in
getting their goods to market. This requires better use of existing assets and
industry cooperation, and greater competition. Companies aiming to be an
integrated solutions provider have to tackle this by extending their supply
chain capabilities.Every point of service along the chain must have the capacity for cargoes to
flow through efficientlyat the lowest cost and greatest velocityor it will
become a bottleneck and has a cost or time impact on customers. Having
bigger ships may ease the shortage of space at sea, but shift the pressure
on to the next point in the chain.
The global transportation companies of tomorrow must be able to offer
highly integrated and flexible solutions that take into account the increasing
cyclicality and volatility in operations across industries. This is making
companies vulnerable to interruptions in their supply lines.
New technologies such as RFID, standardized data processing formats and
new supply chain tools and e-commerce capabilities will, undoubtedly, open
up new ways to mange movement and storage of goods
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Outsourcing logistics services a growing trend
Usage of 3PL services
The TCI-MDI survey showed that the benefits of outsourcing logistics
activities range from improved delivery schedules and reduced operating
costs to expanded geographic reach and improved operational flexibility.
The study also showed that less than 55% of Indian companies subscribe to
3PL services, compared to more than 75% globally, which implies potentially
brisk market growth.
Logistics service providers face the same set of external challenges as
companies. However, logistics service providers have an inherent flexibility
to overcome external challenges such as managing multi-modal
transportation and compliance with regulatory requirements and agencies.
Internal factors that need to be addressed are those likely to have a high
impact on the level of outsourcing, such as the customers costs in relation
to the benefits, and the control that needs to be exercised on the logistics
service provider. With Indian companies increasing focus on exports,
superior logistics planning is crucial in order to remain competitive.
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THIRD PARTY LOGISTICS
Overview
Third Party Logistics (3PL), the concept of a single professional logistics
service provider managing the entire logistics functions of a company, had
originated in the developed economies of Europe and America, to relieve
industries from huge logistics costs apart from the hassles of dealing with
multiple in-coherent logistics service providers. It proved to be immensely
successful in improving logistics efficiency of majority of industries and
quickly gained popularity, spreading across the globe.
In the initial stages, 3PL providers offered only basic logistics services such
as warehousing and transportation. But with growing logistics needs of
organizations to remain competitive in globalized economies, 3PL providers
have evolved to offer several other value added services ranging frompackaging to supply chain planning.
3PL Market in India Poised for a Remarkable Growth
The 3PL market in India is still in a relatively nascent stage, with
multinational companies in all industries being the predominant users of
these services. However, domestic major companies in leading industry
sectors have also begun to follow the footsteps of their multinational
counterparts, starting with outsourcing their basic logistics functions.
Nevertheless, considering that the most important logistics functions for
Indian industries still are transportation and warehousing, which are likely to
be outsourced to 3PL in increasing share, a high level of growth is estimated
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for the Indian 3PL market in the next 5-7 years. The Indian 3PL market,
estimated at about US$890.3 billion in 2005, is expected to grow at a
compound annual growth rate of 21.9 percent to reach US$3,556.7 million in
2012.
A Few Challenges to be addressed for maintaining the Momentum
Geographic diversity of India needing varied logistics expertise for each
region is a major challenge to be addressed by 3PL service providers. India
has a diverse geographic scenario coupled with a diverse consumer habit
scenario in each of its 25 states. Logistics operation in each state requires a
suitable model that facilitates the effective storage and transportation of
goods mostly sold in that state, making it very difficult for adopting a
uniform logistics model. 3PL service companies interested in serving a
particular company would have to offer multiple solutions to fulfill the
nationwide logistics needs of that company.
Infrastructure limitations in India, which limit the scope of logistics services
package are another concern for 3PL service providers.
The complicated tax structure, deep-rooted corruption and high bureaucraticcontrol are some other hassles faced by 3PL service providers in providing
the best of logistics solutions for their clients. However, despite the
existence of challenges, several factors are driving the growth of Indian 3PL
market.
Some Factors that are Driving Indian Logistics towards 3PL
Value Added Tax (VAT), the Indian Governments proposed uniform tax
regime, is expected to drive Indian industries towards using more 3PL
services. Introduced partially in 2005, a full implementation of this regime is
expected to necessitate having centralized large warehouses in regional hub
cities, to achieve best efficiency in logistics.
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The Indian 3PL market is set to grow tremendously in the next 5-7 years,
spearheading the growth of logistics market. Several factors including
governments support are instrumental in this growth.
OBJECTIVES
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I. Primary Objective:-
SectorWise Analysis for Domestic Movement of
Cargo
II. Secondary Objectives:-
1. Comparative analysis on the basis of
select factors.
2. Comparative Evaluation of Expeditors
performance with its competitors
3.SWOT Analysis of Expeditors.
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RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY
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Research Methodology
(EXPLORATORY AND SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS)
Exploratory research is a type of research conducted for a problem that
has not been clearly defined. Exploratory research helps determine the best
research design, data collection method and selection of subjects. It should
draw definitive conclusions only with extreme caution. Given its fundamental
nature, exploratory research often concludes that a perceived problem does
not actually exist.
Exploratory research often relies on secondary research such as reviewing
available literature and/or data, or qualitative approaches such as informal
discussions with consumers, employees, management or competitors, and
more formal approaches through in-depth interviews, focus groups,
projective methods, case studies or pilot studies. The Internet allows for
research methods that are more interactive in nature.
The main data analysis tools used will be:
1. Editing:
The process includes the review of the data to ensure maximum accuracy
and unambiguity. Careful editing early in collection process will often catch
misunderstanding of instructions, errors in recording and other problems at a
stage when it is still possible to eliminate them from the later stages of the
study.
2. Coding:
The process includes careful interpretation and good judgment of the data to
ensure that the meaning of the response and the meaning of the category
are consistently and uniformly matched.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focus_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focus_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet -
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The main data analysis tools used will be:
Software: Excel
TABULATION: The data will be tabulated using excel spread sheet. Analysis
will also be done using the same.
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
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I. Domestic Cargo Services Time Definite Solutions
International Logistics is the designing and managing of a system that
controls the flow of materials into, through, and out of the international
corporation. Domestic logistics is designing and managing of a system
within a country for control of flow of materials. Globally, the logistics
industry is valued at US$ 3.5 trillion. The Indian Logistics Industry is
presently estimated at US$ 90 billion (CII) which gives employment to 45million people.
Difference between Domestic & International Logistics can be said to
arise mainly on account of the three major factors:
Logistic costs is International Business is much more higher than the
domestic business,
The Logistic Mechanics are much more complex in the context of
international logistics than the domestic logistics,
The political, cultural and institutional factors connected with
international logistics are of considerable importance whereas these
are usually not of much consequence in the context of domestic
logistics.
As a leader in global supply chain solutions, Expeditors provides domestic
and transcontinental freight services via air or ground, throughout the
Americas, the European Continent, and Asia.
Whether your needs are urgent or specialized - Expeditors will provide a cost
effective, flexible set of logistics options to keep your cargo visible and
moving in the supply chain.
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Shippers expect delivery methods that are flexible yet guaranteed. Our
service options are designed to give our customers earlier arrivals and later
cut times to increase velocity within your logistics network. Tap into our
integrated network with state of art technology and a highly trained and
incentified work force.
1. Strategy and Services
Our strategy is simple - by leveraging our global network, systems and
established portfolio of products, we can provide a seamless transition for
customers within land continent areas of their supply chain.
Expeditors has developed a powerful network of key cargo air and surface
carriers that offer the most consistent transit and largest lift options giving
us flexibility in both space allocation and pricing.
2. Shipment Visibility
Information is a key component of successful partnering, so we give you
direct access to your purchase orders, your vendors' inventory and pipeline
visibility with the click of a button.
Expeditors' proprietary track and trace tool available online to all customers.
In addition, customers can use edoc to convert hard copies of documents
into digital format, where they can be easily shared and archived for
retrieval later. With these applications, customers can analyze their supply
chain with a host of reporting
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COMPANY
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EXPEDITORS
Expeditors International is an American global logistics and freight
forwarding company.
Expeditors has 255 locations worldwide as of November 11, 2008
providing staff of over 12,000 who satisfy the needs of international
trade using integrated information systems.
Core Assets
1. People
By recruiting, motivating and retaining the best personnel in the business,
we feel we will keep our leadership position in the marketplace. Our business
is quality customer service and our people are what make that happen. We
hire individuals based on attitude, and we train the skills it takes to make a
successful career here. Expeditors' employees, as part of their overall job
evaluation, are required to take a minimum of 52 hours per year, of in-house
training. Multiple on-going training classes are available at any one time
within each Expeditors office location.
2. Systems
Expeditors takes control of our destiny by taking control of our systems
direction. Moving information in a timely and accurate method is just as
important as moving the goods and our systems support our operations
teams and our customers in providing them the data they need to
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successfully manage the movement of their goods. All of our global offices
are linked via high-speed lines using the same hardware and running off of
the same transportation software. This drives global standardization with
timely and accurate communication. We are the leader in the systems arena,
and we are continuing to invest in this critical area.
3. Culture
We believe that successful companies have a unique culture, and they work
hard to protect that culture. At Expeditors our culture is about exceeding our
customers expectations and providing a place for our employees to make a
career and do well for themselves. Our environment breeds success, and you
will notice that our people move faster, work harder and are better rewarded
than our competition. Our offices are neat, organized and set up in
accordance with our quality policies. We are a process driven organization
that focuses on continual improvement. It's a simple philosophy that works.
We will do all we can to protect our culture.
4. Customers
Our financial success is directly related to our client retention. We have the
smallest sales staff in the industry and put more emphasis on taking care of
our existing clients than going out and getting new business. We feel that if
we partner with the right clients our business will grow with these
customers, and our reputation will support our sales staff in obtainment of
new partners. We have initiated some very successful programs to support
our existing clients including:
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Services Offered
1. Air
As a global leader in air consolidation and forwarding, Expeditors provide customer-specific
airfreight programs to shippers of all sizes.
As an IATA agent for all major airlines, Expeditors provide a complete package of air logistics
services through their global network of experienced professionals and state of the art trackingtechnology.
2. CustomsWith the current emphasis on free trade agreements and global sourcing,
Customs issues have assumed an increasingly important role in the supply
chain. Expeditors global Customs services focus on the compliance, release,
and reporting needs of the marketplace, which they refer to as the "Customs
value stream."
Supported by advanced technology, streamlined processes, and the best
people in the industry, they continue to introduce new services and
products, assisting clients in managing their global customs "value stream."
While many companies offer international customs services, Expeditors has
a global vision of our clients' logistics and customs needs. Whether your
needs are transaction clearance services or professional services, Expeditors
and its subsidiary Tradewin, LLC can deliver.
Compliance Driven Processes:
Expeditors network operates under standardized pro.
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cesses which are continually validated, measured, analyzed and
reviewed.
They strive for the most efficient processes, aligned with customer
requirements, and using the best combination of human effort and
intelligence, and advanced technology.
Their goal is that processes optimize the entire customs value stream.
Compliance information is a key input to the release process, and
we're focused on it flowing smoothly and accurately.
They emphasize minimizing the time involved in the release process,
so their customer's overall supply chain processes are not obstructed.
In a supply chain process, any "waiting" time is a waste, and they are
focused on eliminating waste.
3. Distribution
Expeditors provide a comprehensive, flexible spectrum of distribution and
warehousing services that are available throughout their global network.
Leading-edge information technology and connectivity offers real-time
visibility to inventory. This combination of coverage and technology offers
seamless control over a global supply chain.
4. Insurance
Transportation Risk Analysis Center at Expeditors - TRACE
The Transportation Risk Analysis Center at Expeditors (TRACE)
provides users with tools to manage transit related risks.
Cargo Insurance is a critical part of the International transportation
process. Most insurance providers do not have access to logistics data
and more importantly, do not understand global transportation, which
makes it difficult to assess the risk and make accurate
recommendations. Expeditors goal is to identify the hidden risks in
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transportation, and to structure an insurance program addressing
those risks while providing financial security. Expeditors goes beyond
basic business insurance and treats cargo insurance as part of the
complete logistics process.
Expeditors employs a full staff of trained, professional claims adjustors
who will handle all claims anywhere in the world. The claims team is
one of the largest cargo only claims departments in North America,
and is here specifically to address our insured customers needs. They
conduct comprehensive analysis and investigation, assemble all formal
documentation and accurately process claims at both origin and
destination. Additionally, Expeditors handles all recoveries from the
responsible transportation carriers. More money recovered means
more bottom-line insurance savings for our customers.
When claims do arise, Expeditors has developed specific logistics claims
software to manage them. This allows them to use numerous measurement
tools and reporting mechanisms, designed to assist in efficient and accurate
resolution for their customers.
5. Ocean
Expeditors is a licensed Ocean Transportation Intermediary (OTI) and NVOCC
and is uniquely positioned to handle all aspects of shipment from launch to
catch. They offer a full array of ocean related services including Ocean
Forwarding, NVOCC Consolidation or FCL container management as well as
customer-in-house services.
Expeditors can offer a single-source solution to and from any point
worldwide keeping their customers informed of their shipment status at
every step.
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6. Order Management
Through Order Management exp.o, Expeditors Web based tracking
application, any attribute of an order can be tracked, completely visible on
the Web. Item quantities, required ship dates, commodity description and
estimated vs. actual ex-factory dates along with the complete process are
managed in e.tms, our operational system, and made available via Order
Management exp.o from the time the order is placed.
SWOT Analysis of Expeditors
Strengths:
Good user-friendly systems that enables their employees to
provide real time information to the customers.
Expertise in services like freight forwarding, order processing
and other related services.
Presence of SOP in the process that provides personalized
service for individual customers.
A large customer base that is already aware of the companys
image.
Well-informed and motivated employees.
Weaknesses:
Lack of experience in the domestic market.
Lack of knowledge about the wants of the companies in different
industries for domestic movement of cargo.
Opportunities:
3PL service in India is still at its nascent stage and there is a
huge demand for good 3PL service providers owing to
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remarkable growth of the Indian economy especially in
manufacturing and retail sector.
India is one of the country which has a huge domestic
consumption owing to the population of more than one billion
people which further puts pressure on logistics company to
provide efficient service and wide geographic reach.
Threats:
The Indian logistics industry suffers from inadequate
infrastructure, complex tax laws and insufficient technological
aids.
Dominance of unorganized sector in domestic movement of
cargo.
A fragmented market increases paperwork costs and efforts
required to channel resources.
The poor condition of roads translates directly to higher vehicle
turnover, which increases operating costs and reduces
efficiency.
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KOLKATA NETWORK
WEST BENGAL
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PRIMARY TRANSIT
WestBengalS.No Destination Destination Distance in Transit time Rail Air Remarks
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A B kms road Link link
1 Kolkata Asansol 228 4hrs N\A N\A
2 Kolkata Jhargram 170 3hrs N\A N\A
3 Kolkata Durgapur 187 4hrs N\A N\A
4 Kolkata Purulia 250 5hrs Yes N\A5 Kolkata Bankura 180 4hrs Yes N\A
6 Kolkata Hirapur 235 5hrs Yes N\A
7 Kolkata Nanoor 200 4hrs N\A N\A
8 Kolkata Siuri 230 4hrs N\A N\A
9 Kolkata Maldah 351 7hrs Yes YesRail link notdirect
10 KolkataEnglishBazaar 350 7hrs N\A N\A
11 Kolkata Balurghat 460 9hrs N\A Yes
12 Kolkata Raiganj 420 8hrs Yes N\ARail link notdirect
13 Kolkata Jalpaiguri 700 12hrs Yes N\A Rail link notdirect
14 Kolkata Darjeeling 731 13hrs Yes N\ARail link notdirect
15 Kolkata Bagdogra 670 11hrs N\A Yes
16 KolkataCoochBehar 805 13hrs N\A Yes
17 Kolkata Panagarh 200 4hrs Yes Yes
18 Kolkata Siliguri 678 11hrs Yes N\A
SECONDARY TRANSIT (WITHIN 130 KMS)
S.NoDestinationA Destination B
Distance inkms
Transit timeroad
RailLink
Airlink Remarks
1 Kolkata Kharagpur 127 2hrs N\A N/A
2 Kolkata Haora 21 21 mins N\A N/A
3 Kolkata Alipur 8 15 mins N\A N/A
4 Kolkata Jagatballabhpur 36 52 mins N\A N/A
5 Kolkata sonarpur 25 35 mins N\A N/A
6 Kolkata Bishnupur 27 35 mins N\A N/A
7 Kolkata Barasat 23 35 mins N\A N/A
8 Kolkata Maheshtala 23 40 mins N\A N/A
9 KolkataRajarhatGopalpur 19 30 mins N\A N/A
10 Kolkata Howrah 16 30 mins N\A N/A
11 KolkataBotanicalGarden 16 30 mins N\A N/A
12 Kolkata Dum Dum 8 15 mins N\A N/A
13 Kolkata Sukantapally 15 30 mins N\A N/A
14 Kolkata Barrackpore 27 40 mins N\A N/A
15 Kolkata Chandannagar 44 1hr N\A N/A
16 KolkataHooghly-Chinsurah 61 1hr N\A N/A
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17 Kolkata Kanchrapara 47 1hr N\A N/A
18 Kolkata Bantala 15 30 mins N\A N/A
19 Kolkata Raipur 37 1hr N\A N/A
20 Kolkata Kulgachia 50 1hr N\A N/A
21 Kolkata Magrahat 56 1hr N\A N/A22 Kolkata Medni pur 126 2hrs N\A N/A
23 Kolkata Narajole 116 2hrs 14 mins N\A N/A
24 Kolkata Haldia 120 2hrs 14 mins N\A N/A
25 Kolkata Gaighata 120 2hrs 14 mins N\A N/A
26 Kolkata Jirat 71 1hr 30 mins N\A N/A
27 Kolkata Chakdaha 75 1hr 30 mins N\A N/A
28 Kolkata Chapra 128 2hrs 28 mins N\A N/A
29 Kolkata Nabadwip 118 2hrs 14 mins N\A N/A
30 Kolkata Debra 96 1hr 30 mins N\A N/A
31 Kolkata Kakdwip 88 1hr 40 mins N\A N/A
32 Kolkata Bardhaman 124 2hrs N\A N/A
33 Kolkata Chunchura 62 1hr 10 mins N\A N/A
KOLKATA TO JHARKHAND
JHARKHAND JHARKHAND
S.NoDestinationA Destination B
Distance inkms
Transit timeroad
RailLink
Airlink Remarks
1 Kolkata Ranchi 420 7hrs Yes Yes
2 Kolkata Jamshedpur 300 5hrs Yes N\A
3 Kolkata Tamar 358 6hrs Yes N\A
4 Kolkata Lohardaga 480 8hrs Yes N\A
5 Kolkata Bokaro 300 6hrs N\A N\A
6 Kolkata Dhanbad 300 5hrs N\A N\A
7 Kolkata Hazaribagh 408 6hrs N\A N\A
8 Kolkata Dumka 300 5hrs N\A N\A
9 Kolkata Pakur 322 5hrs N\A N\A
10 Kolkata Godda 370 6hrs Yes N\A
11 Kolkata Sahibganj 420 7hrs Yes N\A
12 Kolkata Giridih 332 6hrs Yes N\A
13 Kolkata Koderma 440 7hrs N\A N\A
14 Kolkata Chatra 470 8hrs N\A N\A15 Kolkata Garwah 622 10hrs Yes N\A
BIHAR
BIHAR BIHAR
S.NoDestinationA
DestinationB
Distance inkms
Transit timeroad
RailLink
Airlink Remarks
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1 Kolkata Patna 622 10hrs Yes Yes
2 Kolkata Banka 380 6hrs N\A N\A
3 Kolkata Bhagalpur 410 7hrs N\A N\A
4 Kolkata Jamui 475 8hrs Yes N\A
5 Kolkata Katihar 453 8hrs Yes N\A
6 Kolkata Purnia 500 8hrs Yes N\A
7 Kolkata Luckeesarai 500 8hrs N\A N\A
8 Kolkata Begusarai 536 9hrs N\A N\A
9 Kolkata Sheikhpura 524 9hrs N\A N\A
10 Kolkata Nawada 478 8hrs N\A N\A
11 Kolkata Gaya 528 8hrs Yes Yes
12 Kolkata Aurangabad 580 9hrs Yes N\A
13 Kolkata Sasaram 620 9hrs Yes N\A
14 Kolkata Bihar Sharif 514 8hrs Yes N\A
15 Kolkata Jahanabad 580 9hrs Yes N\A
16 Kolkata Madhepura 510 8hrs N\A N\A17 Kolkata Saharsa 544 9hrs Yes N\A
18 Kolkata Samastipur 610 10hrs N\A N\A
19 Kolkata Hajipur 600 10hrs Yes N\A
20 Kolkata Chhapra 658 11hrs Yes N\A
21 Kolkata Buxar 711 11hrs Yes N\A
22 Kolkata Madhubani 662 11hrs Yes N\A
23 Kolkata Darbhanga 652 10hrs Yes N\A
24 Kolkata Muzaffarpur 652 10hrs Yes N\A
25 Kolkata Siwan 722 12hrs N\A N\A
26 Kolkata Shivhar 715 11hrs N\A N\A
27 Kolkata Sitamarhi 724 12hrs Yes N\A28 Kolkata Gopalganj 740 12hrs N\A N\A
29 Kolkata Bettiah 763 12hrs N\A N\A
30 Kolkata Motihari 735 12hrs N\A N\A
SIKKIM
SIKKIM SIKKIM
S.NoDestinationA
DestinationB
Distance inkms
Transit timeroad
RailLink
Airlink Remarks
1 Kolkata Gangtok 786 13hrs N\A N\A2 Kolkata Namchi 761 13hrs N\A N\A
3 Kolkata Mangan 820 14hrs N\A N\A
ASSAM
ASSAM ASSAMS.No Destination Destination B Distance in Transit time Rail Air Remarks
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A kms road Link link
1 Kolkata Kokrajhar 900 15hrs Yes N\A
2 Kolkata Goalpara 978 16hrs Yes N\A
3 Kolkata Bongaigaon 922 15hrs Yes N\A
4 Kolkata Barpeta 985 16hrs N\A N\A5 Kolkata Nalbari 1030 17hrs Yes N\A
6 Kolkata Dispur 1110 18hrs Yes N\A
7 Kolkata Guwahati 1110 18hrs Yes Yes
8 Kolkata Tezpur 1200 20hrs Yes Yes
9 Kolkata Silchar N\A 22hrs N\A N\A
10 Kolkata Dimapur 1400 23hrs Yes Yes
11 Kolkata Jorhat 1400 22hrs Yes N\A
12 KolkataNorthLakhimpur 1400 22hrs Yes Yes
13 Kolkata Dibrugarh 1400 24hrs Yes Yes
14 Kolkata Tinsukia 1527 24hrs Yes N\A
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
ArunachalPradesh
ArunachalPradesh
S.NoDestinationA Destination B
Distance inkms
Transit timeroad
RailLink
Airlink Remarks
1 Kolkata Itanagar 1400 14hrs N\A N\A
2 Kolkata Tawang 1433 24hrs N\A N\A
3 Kolkata Bomdila 1264 21hrs N\A N\A
4 Kolkata Seppa 1355 23hrs N\A N\A
5 Kolkata Pasighat 1828 29hrs N\A Yes
6 Kolkata Roing 1753 27hrs N\A N\A
7 Kolkata Tezu 1685 26hrs N\A Yes
NAGALAND
Nagaland Nagaland
S.NoDestinationA
DestinationB
Distance inkms
Transit timeroad
RailLink
Airlink Remarks
1 Kolkata Tuensang 1724 29hrs N\A N\A
2 Kolkata Mokochung 1475 24hrs N\A N\A
3 Kolkata Dimapur 1383 23hrs Yes N\A4 Kolkata Kohima 1445 24hrs N\A N\A
5 Kolkata Phek 1509 26hrs N\A N\A
MANIPUR
Manipur Manipur
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S.NoDestinationA
DestinationB
Distance inkms
Transit timeroad
RailLink
Airlink Remarks
1 Kolkata Imphal 1580 26hrs N\A Yes
MIZORAM
Mizoram Mizoram
S.NoDestinationA
DestinationB
Distance inkms
Transit timeroad
RailLink
Airlink Remarks
1 Kolkata Aizwal 1800 29hrs N\A YesDistances areapproximates
2 Kolkata Lunglei 1800 29hrs N\A N\ADistances areapproximates
TRIPURA
Tripura Tripura
S.NoDestinationA
DestinationB
Distance inkms
Transit timeroad
RailLink
Airlink Remarks
1 Kolkata Agartala 1674 27hrs Yes Yes
2 Kolkata Kailashahar 1600 27hrs N\A N\A
MEGHALAYA
Meghalaya Meghalaya
S.NoDestinationA
DestinationB
Distance inkms
Transit timeroad
RailLink
Airlink Remarks
1 Kolkata Shillong 1196 20hrs N\A Yes
2 Kolkata Tura 1077 18hrs N\A N\A
3 Kolkata Jowai 1258 21hrs N\A N\A
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DATA ANALYSIS
SURVEY
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Before doing the sector-wise analysis of the survey, we will study the major
findings of the overall survey in brief.
Total number of companies surveyed- 90
The break-up of the industries covered are as follows:
Monthly Expenses of all Companies Surveyed :
Modes of Transport used by the companies are as follows:
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The major destination lanes from Delhi are as follows:
Type of services required by the companies are as follows:
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Major problems faced by the companies with their current set of
transporters are as follows:
In case of imports, almost 80% of the time the decision on
transportation is taken by CHA.
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About 75% of the companies go for mutual consent while dealing with
the change in fuel prices.
The major locations for warehousing service other than Delhi are
Hyderabad, Mumbai and Bangalore.
SECTOR-WISE ANALYSIS
1. Engineering Goods
Total number of companies surveyed 22
The break-up of the size of the companies visited based on their
monthly expenditure on transportation can be shown as follows:
Modes of Transport used by the companies are as follows:
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Salient Features of the companies in this Industry are as follows:
Dominance of Local Transporters for bulk cargo.
For low weight consignments i.e. less than 100 Kgs, express cargo
services are prominent.
Shipment Tracking is one of the major problems faced by them.
However, most of the companies are satisfied without proper co-ordination and tracking as they do not wish to pay a premium amount
for the extra service.
In case of heavy machinery that are used in industries, production is
mostly based on orders; therefore they do not require warehousing
services.
The major destination lanes from Delhi are as follows:
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Type of services required are as follows:
Conclusion
The industry looks moderately well in terms of volume. However, the
major challenge would come from the low cost Local Transporters who
are dominant from several years and have also started improving their
service and offering certain added services like providing warehousing
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service for few days without extra cost after sensing competition from
the organized players. But, manufacturer of spare parts that are used
in various industries for e.g. manufacturer of fasteners used in
automotive industry can be targeted.
2.Retail
Total number of companies visited 15
The break-up of the size of the companies visited based on their
monthly expenditure on transportation can be shown as follows:
Modes of Transport used by the companies are as follows:
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Salient Features of the companies in this Industry are as follows:
Transportation requirements are complex, as they require wide
geographic reach and other value-added services.
Dominance of organized players as they require integrated and
customized services like order processing, proper tracking, proper
packaging, specific work schedules for loading/unloading, etc.
Most of the shipments are time-bound, therefore on-time delivery is
very important.
Type of services required are as follows:
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Shipment Tracking and proper co-ordination are the areas of concern
for most of the companies.
Conclusion
The industry looks very attractive in terms of volume. Also, the
companies are ready to pay a premium as their needs are complex
and require customized and integrated service.
3. Garments
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Total number of companies visited 17
The break-up of the size of the companies visited based on their
monthly expenditure on transportation can be shown as follows:
Modes of Transport used by the companies are as follows:
Salient Features of the companies in this Industry are as follows:
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Dominance of Local Transporters.
In some areas loading and unloading may result in extra cost if the
carrier is not the member of truckers association.
In most of the cases the shipment is not time-bound and also the
danger of damage is minimal. Due to this, companies go for cost-
effective transportation.
Almost 80% of the companies in this industry go for spot rates while
deciding on the rates.
The major destination lanes from Delhi are as follows:
Type of services required are as follows:
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Conclusion
The industry looks unattractive in terms of volume and also because of
dominance of local transporters who are serving the industry for several
years. Also, the companies are not ready to pay any premium as their
requirements are well served by local transporters.
4. Pharmaceuticals and Chemicals
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Total number of companies visited 15
The break-up of the size of the companies visited based on their
monthly expenditure on transportation can be shown as follows:
Modes of Transport used by the companies are as follows:
Salient Features of the companies in this Industry are as follows:
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Transportation requirements are complex as proper handling of the
materials is very important.
Major problem faced by the companies in this sector is of damage/loss
due to Improper Loading/Unloading and bad vehicle condition.
Shipment tracking is another area of concern.
Companies in this sector have different requirements owing to the
volume, form and fragility of different chemicals and pharmaceutical
products. So it is important to offer personalized services to individual
customers.
Major destination lanes from Delhi are as follows:
Type of services required are as follows:
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Conclusion
The industry looks very attractive in terms of volume. Also, because of
its complex transportation needs, they require customized solutions.
Companies are ready to pay a premium of 2-5% if the service levels
are met as it increases their efficiency to serve their customers better.
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FINDINGS
Findings
1.What are your organizations Monthly expenses on
transportation?
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The comparitive data suggests that irrespective of sectors monthly
expenses are greater than 1lakh which means that Expeditors has
great opportunities in these sectors and it must tap the market
potential.
2. What type of Modes of Transport does your organization
prefer?
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Road being one of the cheapest modes of transportation is preferred
the most. Roads are best suited for short distance transportation
needs.
Engineering being one of the capital intensive industries having bulk
and volume transportation needs. Roads and Rails are preferred.
Air mode is preferred for quick and safe delivery, particularly for areas
which cannot be catered through other modes of transport. High
Quality Garment producers and retailer prefer air.
Rail is preferred for bulk and distant transportation. As in the case of
Retail and Engineering.
Modes of Transport vs. Monthly expenses on transportation
The data suggest that expenses are high for quick and high quality
services like air. As in the case of Retail and pharmaceuticals.
3. What are the major destinations for movement of your cargo
from Delhi?
Major destinations include all the major states in India.
Sectors like Garments are concentrated more in the southern parts of
India which is a major producer of garments.
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Sectors like engineering are concentrated in industrial areas like
Andhra and Maharashtra.
4. Which types of services are required by your organization?
Sectors like engineering and retail need Full truck loads services
because of their nature of their products.
Part loads are preferred in case of low volumes of business which
generally happens in case of pharmaceuticals and garments.
5. What are the major problems faced by your organization with
your current set of transporters?
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Irrespective of sectors companies find shipment delivery, damage\loss,
and proof of delivery confirmation as majors problems which they face
with their current transporters.
Others include problems like that of insurance claims, speed of
delivery etc.
6. Who takes the decision on transportation for your organization?
In case of imports, almost 80% of the time the decision on
transportation is taken by CHA.
In other cases the Product Manager takes the final call on
transportation decisions.
7. Is there mutual consent while dealing with price changes in fuel
prices?
About 75% of the companies go for mutual consent while dealing with
the change in fuel prices.
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8. What are the major locations for your warehousing services?
The major locations for warehousing service other than Delhi are
Hyderabad, Mumbai and Bangalore.
II. Expeditors Performance
Expeditors International of Washington Inc. (EXPD - Analyst Report), a
third-party logistics provider, has reported second quarter 2011 adjusted
earnings of 44 cents per share, missing Consensus Estimate of 46 cents.
Earnings per share increased 5% from 42 cents in the year-ago quarter.
On a year-over-year basis, revenues in the United States, Other North
America, Latin America, Europe and Africa, Middle East, and India increased
16.7%, 14.9%, 15.3%, 31.5% and 0.3%, respectively. Revenue from Asia
Pacific declined 6.5%.
Gross profit (net revenue) climbed 13% year over year to $472.6 million.
Operating income rose 10% year over year to $152.3 million and operating
expenses grew 3.7% year over year to $1,429.1 million in the reported
quarter. The whopping growth in the operating income signifies operating
efficiency and strict cost control measures undertaken by the company.
Revenue Segments
Airfreight Services revenue grew 2.3% year over year to $749.1 million in
the second quarter.
Ocean Freight and Ocean Services revenue inched up 1.4% year over
year to $486.8 million.
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Customs Brokerage and Other Services revenues increased 18.7% year
over year to $344.7 million.
Liquidity
Expeditors balance sheet remained solid with no debt and $1.2 billion in
cash and cash equivalents at the end of the second quarter, reflecting an
increase from $0.96 billion in the year-ago quarter.
Criteria Expeditors DHL UPS FedEx
3PLRevenue
2.6bn 5.7bn 4.1bn 603m
ParentRevenue
2.6bn 49.7bn 33.5bn 22.5bn
CoverageAsia, Americas,
Europe
Global (Service to
99% of World GDP)
Global (Service to
99% of World GDP)
Global (Service to
99% of World GDP)
3PL assets
8,000 employees; 149
warehouses
13,000 employees 22,000 employees;
550 warehouses;1100 tractors, 2425
trailers
2,000 employees;
35 warehouses; 298tractors, 1094
trailers
Information
System
Good; TMS
Tradeflow, SNEP,Exp.0
Good; TMS LOGIS,
proprietary; WMS ELIS
Excellent; TMS i2,
Roadnet; WMS operates all major
systems
Excellent; TMS
Optum: SCETransportation i2;
WMS EXCEED4000
Services
Airfreight forwarding,customs brokerage,
transportationmanagement,
warehousing anddistribution, supply-
chain consulting
Air and ocean freightforwarding, customs
brokerage,transportation
management,warehousing and
distribution, supply-chain consulting
Air and ocean freightforwarding, customs
brokerage,transportation
management,warehousing and
distribution, supply-chain consulting,
dedicated contractcarriage, trade
finance and
Domestic andinternational
transportationmanagement,
customs brokerageand freight
forwarding, supply-chain consulting,
warehousing anddistribution services
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insurance, equipment
leasing, mail services
Industry
Focus
Automotive,
electronics, retail,chemicals, healthcare
Electronics,
automotive,consumer products,
chemicals, industrial
Computers and
electronics,telecommunications,
healthcare,automotive, retail,
consumer goods
Apparel,
automotive,healthcare,
computers andelectronics,
industrial, retail
Evaluation
Expeditors is a very
profitable freightforwarder with a
strong base in China
and Asia. TheExpeditorsmanagement is candid
and satirical. Themanagement never
lost sight as a freightforwarder on turning
good margins onpurchased
transportation.Operational quality is
highly valued andcompany has
surrounded itself witha good team.
Expeditors is tied intoan organic growth
strategy that may notbe sustainable over
the long haul, but
works well now.
Logistics activities
account for 15% ofthe revenues of
Deutsche Post World
Net. DHL does twobillion dollars inrevenue from
contract logistics,primarily in Europe.
Operations in theU.S. are mainly in
freight forwardingbut are expanding
with the acquisitionof Airborne Logistics.
Asian presence is theresult of decades of
experience andpositioning by DHL,
Danzas and AEIbefore acquisition.
DHL Danzas is astrong brand in Asia
and number one in
several markets.
UPS SCS has become
the largest NorthAmerican-based 3PL.
It had its first
profitable year in2003 and is now anintegral part of the
total UPS globaloffering. Having a
financial andoperational
powerhouse as aparent is a
tremendous plus. UPShas generated over
$2 billion in free cashflow each of the last
two years. UPS SCS islikely to make a
significant purchase ifit can make the right
deal. UPS SCS, like itsparent, has important
mid-market strength.
FedEx Supply Chain
Services follows itsparents emphasis
on transportation
and supply-chainsolutions.Preference in
transportation isgiven to other
FedEx companies(FedEx Express,
Ground, CustomCritical and LTL
carriers). Sistercompany FedEx
Trade Networks is aquality internationa
transportationmanager. The 3PL
revenue shownabove is for FedEx
SCS and relatednon-expenses, non-
package businesses
Our Analysis
Expeditors is focused on gaining market share, expanding gross profits,
easing capacity constraints as well as increasing operational efficiency.
Expeditors debt-free balance sheet, superior execution, and ability to return
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cash to shareholders in the form of dividends make it attractive for
investment.
However, competitive threats from companies like United Parcel Service
Inc. (UPS - Analyst Report), as well as the companys dependence on asset-
based transportation providers to move its shipments make us cautious on
the stock for the long term.
The company currently maintains our long-term Neutral recommendation on
Expeditors International.
Total revenue upped 4% year over year to $1.58 billion but this was below
the estimate.
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CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
International Logistics is the designing and managing of a system that
controls the flow of materials into, through, and out of the international
corporation. Domestic logistics is designing and managing of a system
within a country for control of flow of materials. Globally, the logistics
industry is valued at US$ 3.5 trillion. The Indian Logistics Industry is
presently estimated at US$ 90 billion (CII) which gives employment to 45million people.
Difference between Domestic & International Logistics can be said to
arise mainly on account of the three major factors:
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Logistic costs is International Business is much more higher than the
domestic business,
The Logistic Mechanics are much more complex in the context of
international logistics than the domestic logistics,
The political, cultural and institutional factors connected with
international logistics are of considerable importance whereas these
are usually not of much consequence in the context of domestic
logistics.
India is being touted as the land of opportunity for logistics service providers
all over the world. Expeditors can use its greater flexibility in services to its
advantage to counter its major competitors through the following
differentiated services which are as follows:-
Expeditors' proprietary track and trace tool available online to all
customers. In addition, customers can use edoc to convert hard
copies of documents into digital format, where they can be easily
shared and archived for retrieval later. With these applications,
customers can analyze their supply chain with a host of reporting.
Depending on needs urgent or specialized - Expeditors provides a cost
effective, flexible set of logistics options to keep the cargo visible and
moving in the supply chain.
Shippers expect delivery methods that are flexible yet guaranteed.
The service options are designed to give the customers earlier arrivals
and later cut times to increase velocity within the logistics network.
Information is a key component of successful partnering, so Expeditors
provides direct access to customers purchase orders, vendors'
inventory and pipeline visibility with the click of a button.
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Expeditors by leveraging global network, systems and established
portfolio of products, can provide a seamless transition for customers
within land continent areas of their supply chain.
Sector-wise analysis of the survey and the companys internal strengths and
weaknesses shows that Expeditors should target sectors like Retail,
Pharmaceuticals and other Hazardous and Non-Hazardous chemicals
as the transportation needs of the companies in these sectors are complex
and their requirements of integrated and quality service can be well met by
Expeditors. The company must also keep on innovating so as to remain
ahead and to exceed customers expectations. Expeditors can leverage ontheir strong and modern IT infrastructure and wide reach to cater to these
sectors and gain a strong foothold in domestic movement of cargo in India.
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SUGGESTIONS
SUGGESTIONS
1. Expeditors should target sectors like Retail, Pharmaceuticals and
other Hazardous and Non-Hazardous chemicals as the
transportation needs of the companies in these sectors are complex
and their requirements of integrated and quality service can be well
met by Expeditors.
2. Problems of damage\loss can be solved by expeditors by providing its
own insurance services. So that customers do not need to go
elsewhere for insurance of transportation.
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3. Since Expeditors main competitors are DHL, FedEx which have their
services all over India. Expeditors should leverage on their strong and
modern IT infrastructure and wide reach to cater to these sectors and
gain a strong foothold in domestic movement of cargo in India.
4. Companies like DHL own the fleet which they use for transportation.
3PL service which Expeditors uses must be consistent and certain
supervision mechanism must be developed to maintain quality of the
service.
5. Another problem area is proof of delivery (POD). Expeditors must use
electronic systems as POD instead of manual slips which it uses at
present. It would help monitor Proof of Delivery on real time basis.
6. While dealing with change in fuel prices. Expeditors must adequately
sensitize its clients about reasons for the change transportation costs.
7. The company could think of turning itself into asset based company
from non asset based company to thwart increasing competition from
other asset based companies like UPS, DHL, Fed Ex.
8. India is one of the countries which have a huge domestic consumption
owing to the population of more than one billion people which further
puts pressure on Logistics Company to provide efficient service and
wide geographic reach. Expeditors must increase its presence in India.
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LIMITATIONS
LIMITATIONS
1. Research work was carried in Delhi only. The findings maynot be applicable to other parts of the country.
2. Responses could be biased and may not give true picture ofthe requirements of various companies for domesticmovement of cargo.
3. Lack of personal touch since Data was collected throughtelephonic means so may be inaccurate.
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4. Shortage of time was a major constraint
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Googlemaps.com
Indianrailways.com
Mapofindia.com
Jimmy Olsson / EFT Research available viahttp://logisticsmanagementandsupplychainmanagement.wordpress.com/2007/04/22/india-the-logistics-boom-continues/
Pack Pluss report on Indian Logistics show 2009;http://www.indialogisticsshow.com/Industry.htm
Frost and Sullivan Report on 3PL Logistics (2006)
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Business Logistics and SCM (2007)http://logisticsmanagementandsupplychainmanagement.wordpress.com/2007/03/22/asias-next-major-logistics-hotspot-india/
http://www.expeditors.com/
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ANNEXURE
Questionnaire
1.Type of sector?
Engineering Retail Garments Pharmaceuticals andchemicals
2. What are your organizations Monthly expenses on
transportation?
Less than and Greater than 10000 Greater than25000Equal to 10000 and less than equal to 25000 less than equal to50000
Greater than 50000 Greater than 100000Less than equal to 1 lakh
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3. What type of Modes of Transport does your organization
prefer?
Rail Road Air
4. What are the major destinations for movement of your cargo
from Delhi?
Gujrat Tamil Nadu West Bengal Andhra Pradesh
Maharashtra
5. Which types of services are required by your organization?
Part Load Full Load Express Cargo Container By Air
By Rail
6. What are the major problems faced by your organization with
your current set of transporters?
Shipment Tracking Damage\Loss POD confirmation
Others
7. Is there mutual consent while dealing with the change in fuel
prices?
Yes No Cant Say
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8. What are the major locations for your warehousing services?
9.Who takes the decision on transportation for your
organization?
DELHI INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED STUDIESEVALUATION SHEET FOR PROJECT REPORT
STUDENTSS NAME :______________________________
ROLL NO. :______________________________
EVALUATORS FEEDBACK :______________________________
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_______________________________
_______________________________
DID THE STUDENT CONTACT YOU
REGULARLY FOR DISCUSSION? : YES/NO (Please tick)
REPORT IS APPROVED / DISAPPROVED:
(To be ticked by Evaluator)
MARKS AWARDED :_______________________________
(Out of 40)
SIGNATURE OF EVALUATOR
NAME:
DATE:
*In case report is disapproved, student has to resubmit the report after
incorporating the suggestions given on the feedback form. Revised report should
be submitted along with the feedback form.
DELHI INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED STUDIESATTENDANCE FOR SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT REPORT
NAME OF THE STUDENT :
CLASS :ROLL NO :
NAME OF THE SUPERVISOR :
SNO. DATE TIME PROGRESS OF
REPORT
REMARKS
SIGNATURE
OF STUDENT
SIGNATURE
OF
SUPERVISOR
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*Minimum (8 out of 10) 80% attendance required.
Co-ordinator