Multiple choices.1. English literature in the America is only about more than ________ years old.A. 500 B. 400 C. 200 D. 1002. The establisher of Jamestown was the famous explorer and colonist ____________ .A. John Winthrop B. John SmithC. William Bradford D. John Goodwin3. The Puritan dominating values were___________ .A. hard work B. thrift C. piety D. sobriety4. The early history of___________ Colony was the history of Bradford' s leader ship.A. Plymouth B. JamestownC. New England D. Mayflower5. Choose those names that were named after English monarch or land.A. Georgia B. New YorkC. Carolina D. New Hampshire6. __________ usually was regarded as the first American writer.A. William Bradford B. Anne BradstreetC. Emily Dickinson D. Captain John Smith7. Which statement about Cotton Mather is not true?A. He was a great Puritan historian.B. He was an inexhaustible writer.C. He was a skillful preacher and an eminent theologian.D. He was a graduate of Oxford College.8. Jonathan Edwards' best and most representative sermon was ____ .A. A True Sight of SinB. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry GodC. A Model of Christian CharityD. God's Determinations

9. Which writer is not a poet?A. Michael Wigglesworth B. Anne BradstreetC. Edward Taylor D. Thomas Hooker10. The common thread throughout American literature has been the emphasis on the__________ .A. Revolutionism B. ReasonC. Individualism D. Rationalism11. Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. Her poems made such a stir in England that she became known as the " ________ " who appeared in America.A. Ninth Muse B. Tenth MuseC. Best Muse D. First Muse12. The ship "__________ " carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts.A. Sunflower B. ArmadaC. Mayflower D. PequodII. Identify the fragments.

HuswiferyMake me, O Lord, thy spinning wheel complete.

Thy holy word my distaff make for me. Make mine affections thy swift flyers neat,

And make my soul thy holy spool to be. My conversation make to be thy reel,

And reel the yam thereon spun of thy wheel.Questions:

1. Identify the poet of this poem.

2. Make a brief comment on this poem.

答案：

I. multiple choices：1. C2. B

3. ABCD 4. A 5. ABCD 6. D 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. C 11. B 12. C

II. Identify the fragments.

1. Edward Taylor.2. The poem indicates that the poet saw religious significance in a

simple daily incident like a housewife spinning. The spinning wheel, the distaff, the flyers, the spool, the reel and the yarn have all acquired a metaphorical significance in the symbolic, Puritan eyes of Edward Taylor.

Part II. The Literature of Reason and Revolution

I. Multiple choices 1. In American literature, the eighteenth century was the age of the Enlightenment. _________ was the dominant spirit.A. Humanism B. RationalismC. Revolution D. Evolution2. In American literature, the Enlighteners were opposed to ________ .A. the colonial order B. religious obscurantismC. the Puritan tradition D. the secular literature3. The English colonies in North America rose in arms against their parent country and the Continental Congress adopted____________ in 1776.A. the Declaration of IndependenceB. the Sugar ActC. the Stamp ActD. the Mayflower Compact4. Which statement about Benjamin Franklin is not true?

A. He instructed his countrymen as a printer.B. He was a scientist.C. He was a master of diplomacy.D. He was a Puritan.5. The secular ideals of the American Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and career of___________ .A. Thomas Hood B. Benjamin FranklinC. Thomas Jefferson D. George Washington6. Which of the following stirred the world and helped form the American republic?A. The American CrisisB. The FederalistC. Declaration of IndependenceD. The Waste Land7. Benjamin Franklin was the epitome of the____________ .A. American Enlightenment B. Sugar ActC. Chartist movement D. Romanticist8. From 1732 to 1758, Benjamin Franklin wrote and published his famous __________ , an annal collection of proverbs.A. The Autobiography B. Poor Richard's AlmanacC. Common Sense D. The General Magazine9. Which is not connected with Thomas Paine?A. Common Sense B. The American CrisisC. Pennsylvania Magazine D. The Autobiography10. Choose the works written by Thomas Paine.A. Rights of Man B. The Age of ReasonC. Agrarian Justice D. Common SenseE. The American Crisis 1l. The first pamphlet published in America to urge immediate independence from Britain is__________ .A. The Rights of Man B. Common SenseC. The American Crisis D. Declaration of Independence

12. "These are the times that try men' s souls", these words were once read to George Washington' s troops and did much to shore up the spirits of the revolutionary soldiers. Who is the author of these words?A. Benjamin Franklin B. Thomas JeffersonC. Thomas Paine D. George Washington13. Which statement about Philip Freneau is true?A. He was a satirist. B. He was a pamphleteer.C. He was a poet. D. He was a bitter polemicist.14. Which poem is not written by Philip Freneau?A. The British Prison Ship B. The Wild Honey SuckleC. The Indian Burying Ground D. The Day of Doom15. Who was considered as the "Poet of American Revolution"?A. Michael Wigglesworth B. Edward TaylorC. Anne Bradstreet D. Philip Freneau16. It was not until January 1776 that a widely heard public voice demanded complete separation from England. The voice was that of________ , whose pamphlet Common Sense, with its heated language, increased the growing demand for separation.A. Thomas Paine B. Thomas JeffersonC. George Washington D. Patrick Henry17. During the Reason and Revolution Period, Americans were influenced by the European movement called the____________ .A. Chartist Movement B. Romanticist MovementC. Enlightenment Movement D. Modernist Movement18. Thomas Jefferson' s attitude, that is, a firm belief in progress, and the pursuit of happiness, is typical of the period we now call _________ .A. Age of Evolution B. Age of ReasonC. Age of Romanticism D. Age of Regionalism

19. __________ carries the voice not of an individual but of a whole people. It is more than writing of the Revolutionary period, it defined the meaning of the American Revolution.A. Common Sense B. The American CrisisC. Declaration of Independence D. Defence of the English People20. Benjamin Franklin shaped his writing after the______________ of the English essayists Joseph Addison and Richard Steele.A. Spectator Papers B. WaldenC. Nature D. The Sacred Wood

II. Identify the fragments. When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one

people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature' s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness? That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it.

Questions:1. Which work is this passage taken from?2. What truths are self-evident? What is the purpose of government, and

when should a government be replaced?

I. Make multiple choices.1. B 2. ABC 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. ABC 7. A

8. B

9. D 10. ABCDE 11. B 12. C 13. ABCD

14. D 15. D 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. C 20. A

II. Identify the fragments.

1. Delaration of Independence

2. All men are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, and among these Rights are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. The purpose of government is to secure these Rights. When a government becomes destructive of these ends, it should be replaced.

Part III. The Literature of Romanticism

I. Make multiple choices.1. Transcendentalism took their ideas from___________ .A. the romantic literature in EuropeB. neo-PlatonismC. German idealistic philosophyD. the revelations of oriental mysticism2. As a philosophical and literary movement, ____________ flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War.A. modernism B. rationalismC. sentimentalism D. transcendentalism3. Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in___________ and Henry David Thoreau.

A. Thomas Jefferson B. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Philip Freneau D. Oversoul4. _________ was the most leading spirit of the Transcendental Club.A. Henry David Thoreau B. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Nathaniel Hawthorne D. Walt Whitman5. Transcendentalists recognized__________ as the "highest power of the soul. "A. intuition B. logicC. data of the senses D. thinking6. Led by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Ralph Waldo Emerson and _______________ , there arose a kind of teachings of transcendentalism in the early nineteenth century.A. Herman Melville B. Henry David ThoreauC. Mark Twain D. Theodore Dreiser7. Transcendentalism appealed to those who disdained the harsh God of the Puritan ancestors, and it appealed to those who scorned the pale deity of New EnglandA. Transcendentalism B. HumanismC. Naturalism D. Unitarianism

8. A new___________ had appeared in England in the last years of the eighteenth century. It spread to continental Europe and then came to America early in the nineteenth century.A. realism B. critical realismC. romanticism D. naturalism9. The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature, evident in _________ .A. James Fenimore Cooper's Leatherstocking TalesB. Henry David Thoreau' s V/aldenC. Mark Twain' s Huckleberry FinnD. Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter

10. A preoccupation with the demonic and the mystery of evil marked the works of _________ , and a host of lesser writers.A. Nathaniel Hawthorne B. Edgar Allan PoeC. Herman Melville D. Mark Twain11. In the nineteenth century America, Romantics often shared certain general characteristics. Choose such characteristics from the following.A. moral enthusiasmB. faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perceptionC. adoration for the natural worldD. presumption about the corrosive effect of human society12. Choose Washington Irving' s works from the following.A. The Sketch Book B. Bracebridge HallC. Tales of a Traveller D. A History of New York13. In James Fenimore Cooper's novels, close after Natty Bumppo in romantic appeal , come the two noble red men. Choose them from the following.A. the Mohican Chief Chingachgook B. UncasC. Tom Jones D. Kubla Khan14. In 1817, the stately poem called Thanatopsis introduced the best poet___________ to appear in America up to that time.A. Edward Taylor B. Philip FreneauC. William Cullen Bryant D. Edgar Allan Poe15. Choose William Cullen Bryant's poems from the following.A. To a Caty-Did B. To a WaterfowlC. Thanatopsis D. The Wild Honey Suckle16. From the following, choose the poems written by Edgar Allan Poe.A. To Helen B. The RavenC. Annabel Lee D. The Bells17. In his post on the Messenger, Edgar Allan Poe showed his true talents as A. an editor B. a poetC. a literary critic

D. a fiction writer18. Edgar Allan Poe's first collection of short stories is___________ .A. Tales of a TravellerB. Leatherstocking TalesC. Canterbury TalesD. Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque19. From the following, choose the characteristics of Ralph Waldo Emerson's poetry.A. being highly individual B. harsh rhythmsC. lack of form and polish D. striking images20. Which book is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson?A. Representative Men B. English TraitsC. Nature D. The Rhodora21. Which essay is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson?A. Of Studies B. Self-RelianceC. The American Scholar D. The Divinity School Address22. From Henry David Thoreau' s jail experience, came his famous essay, ___________ , which states Thoreau's belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of a government., , A. Walden B. NatureC. Civil Disobedience D. Common Sense23. The finest example of Nathaniel Hawthorne' s symbolism is the recreation of Puritan Boston in__________ .A. The Scarlet Letter B. Young Goodman BrownC. The Marble Faun D. The Ambitious Guest24. The House of Seven Gables is a famous mystery-haunted novel written by_________ A. Nathaniel Hawthorne B. Nathaniel HathorneC. Nathanal Hawthorne D. Nathanial Hathorne25. Nathaniel Hawthorne's ability to create vivid and symbolic images that embody great moral questions also appears strongly in his short stories. Choose his short stories from the following.

A. Young Goodman Brown B. The Great Stone FaceC. The Ambitious Guest D. Ethan BrandE. The Pearl26. Which is not Nathaniel Hawthorne's long novel?A. The Scarlet LetterB. The Marble FaunC. The Blithedale RomanceD. The House of Seven GablesE. Dr. Heidegger's Experiment27. Herman Melville called his friend Nathaniel Hawthorne_____________ in American literature.A. the largest brain with the largest heartB. father of American poetryC. the transcendentalistD. the American scholar28. Choose the characters which appear in the novel The Scarlet Letter.A. Hester Prynne B. Arthur DimmesdaleC. Roger Chillingworth D. Pearl29. __________ was a romanticized account of Herman Melville's stay among the Polynesians. The success of the book soon made Melville well known as the " man who lived among cannibals".A. Moby Dick B. TypeeC. Omoo D. Billy Budd30. With the appearance of ______________ in 1855, which is about American Indians, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poetical reputation was established.A. Evangeline B. The Courtship of Miles StandishC. Song of Hiawatha D. Michael Angelo31. Choose the authors who belong to the romantic group in American literature.A. Ralph Waldo Emerson B. Henry David ThoreauC. Nathaniel Hawthorne D. Herman MelvilleE. Walt Whitman

32. In the early nineteenth century American moral values were essentially Puritan. Nothing has left a deeper imprint on the character of the people as a whole than did__________ .A. Puritanism B. RomanticismC. Rationalism D. Sentimentalism33. American romanticist writers,like Washington Irving and especially the group of New England poets such as____________ , __________ ,__________ ,_____ and Lowell, tried to model their works upon English and European masters.A. William Cullen Bryant B. Henry Wadsworth LongfellowC. Oliver Russel Holmes D. John Greenleaf WhittierE. Thomas Gray34. Washington Irving was best known for his famous short stories such as____________ and____________ .A. Rip Van Winkle B. The Legend of Sleepy HollowC. Life of Goldsmith D. Life of Washington35. "The universe is composed of Nature and the soul... Spirit is present everywhere". This is the voice of the book Nature written by Emerson, which pushed American Romanticism into a new phase, the phase of New England______ A. Romanticism B. TranscendentalismC. Naturalism D. Symbolism36. There is a good reason to state that New England Transcendentalism was actually _________ on the Puritan soil.A. Romanticism B. PuritanismC. Mysticism D. Unitarianism37. New England Transcendentalism was important to American literature. It inspired a whole new generation of famous authors such as_________________ , and Emily Dickinson.A. Ralph Waldo Emerson B. Henry David ThoreauC. Nathaniel Hawthorne D. Herman MelvilleE. Walt Whitman

38. Which is generally regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism?A. Nature B. WaldenC. On Beauty D. Self-Reliance39. Which is regarded as the "Declaration of Intellectual Independence"?A. The American Scholar B. English TraitsC. The Conduct of Life D. Representative Men40. _________ is an appalling fictional version of Nathaniel Hawthorne' s belief that "the wrong doing of one generation lives into the successive ones" and that evil will come out of evil though it may take many generations to happen.A. The Marble Faun B. The House of Seven GablesC. The Blithedale Romance D. Young Goodman Brown41. Nathaniel Hawthorne's intellectual characters are usually villains, dreadful because of devoid of fellow feeling. Choose the specimens of Hawthorne's chilling, cold-blooded human animals.A. Chillingworth in The Scarlet LetterB. Hollingsworth in The Blithedale RomanceC. Dr. Rappaccini in Rappaccini' s DaughterD. Pearl in The Scarlet Letter42. Which three novels drew from Herman Melville' s adventures among the people of the South Pacific islands?A. Typee B. OmooC. Mardi D. Redburn43. Herman Melville' s___________ is an encyclopedia of everything: history, philosophy , religion, etc. in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry.A. The Old Man and the Sea B. Moby DickC. White Jacket D. Billy BuddII. Identify the fragments.

passage 1 From the listless repose of the place, and the peculiar character of its

inhabitants, who are descendants from the original Dutch settlers, this sequestered glen has long been known by the name of SLEEPY

HOLLOW, and its rustic lads are called the Sleepy Hollow Boys throughout all the neighboring country. Drowsy and dreamy influence seems to hang over the land, and to pervade the very atmosphere. Some say that the place was bewitched by a high German doctor, during the early days of the settlement; others, that an old Indian chief, the prophet or wizard of his tribe, held his powwows there before the country was discovered by Master Hendrick Hudson.

Questions:1. Who is the writer of this short story from which the passage is taken?2. What is the title of this short story?3. Give a definition of "short story".

passage 2Once upon a midnight dreary, while i pondered, weak and weary,

Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,

As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.

"Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door—Only this, and nothing more. "

Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December,And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.

Eagerly I wished the morrow; —vainly I had tried to borrow

From my books surcease of sorrow-sorrow for the lost.Questions:

1. Who is the writer of these lines?2. What is the title of this poem from which the selection is selected?3. Recognize the sound devices in the following lines. LI ________ L4

________L7________ L10________4. Describe the mood of this poem.

Passage 3Lo! in you brilliant window-niche How statue-like I see thee stand, The agate lamp within thy hand!

Ah, Psyche, from the regions which Are Holy-Land!

Questions:

1. This is the last stanza of a poem To Helen. Who wrote this poem To Heleni

2. With whom is Helen associated in Line 4 of the present stanza?3. Who is Psyche?

Passage 4 I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front

only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practise resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion. For most men, it appears to me, are in a strange uncertainty about it, whether it is of the devil or of God.

Questions:1. This passage is taken from a famous work entitled _________ .2. The author of the work is____________ .3. List by yourself at least five reasons that the author gives for going to

live in the woods.

Passage 5 Hester Prynne' s term of confinement was now at an end. Her prison-

door was thrown open, and she came forth into the sunshine which, falling on all alike, seemed, to her sick and morbid heart, as if meant for no other purpose than to reveal the scarlet letter on her breast. Perhaps there was a more real torture in her first unattended footsteps from the threshold of the prison, than even in the procession and spectacle that have been described, where she was made the common infamy, at which all mankind was summoned to point its finger. Then, she was supported by an unnatural tension of the nerves, and by all the combative energy of her character, which enabled her to convert the scene into a kind of lurid triumph.

Questions:1. Which novel is this selection taken from?2. What is the name of the novelist?

3. What are the symbolic meanings of the scarlet letter on Hester's breast?

Passage 6 It was not very long after speaking the Goney that another homeward-

bound whaleman, the Town-Ho, was encountered. She was manned almost wholly by Polynesians. In the short gam that ensued she gave us strong news of Moby Dick. To some the general interest in the White Whale was now wildly heightened by a circumstance of the Town-Ho's story, which seemed obscurely to involve with the whale a certain wondrous, inverted visitation of one of those so called judgments of God which at times are said to overtake some men. This latter circumstance, with its own particular accompaniments, forming what may be called the secret part of the tragedy about to be narrated, never reached the ears of Captain Ahab or his mates. For that secret part of the story was unknown to the captain of the Town-Ho himself. It was the private property of three confederate white seamen of that ship, one of whom, it seems, communicated it to Tashtego with Romish injunctions ofsecrecy, but the following night Tashtego rambled in his sleep, and revealed so much of it in that way, that when he was wakened he could not well withhold the rest. Nevertheless, so potent an influence did this thing have on those seamen in the Pequod who came to the full knowledge of it, and by such a strange delicacy, to call it so, were they governed in this matter, that they kept the secret among themselves so that it never transpired abaft the Pequod' s main-mast . Interweaving in its proper place this darker thread with the story as publicly narrated on the ship, the whole of this strange affair I now proceed to put on lasting record.

Questions:1. From which novel is this paragraph taken?2. What is the name of the novelist?3. Who is Ahab?4. What is Pequod?5. What is the theme of the novel?

Keys to Part III

I. Make multiple choices

1. ABCD2. D 3. B

4. B 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. ABC 10. ABC 11. ABCD 12. ABCD 13. AB 14. C 15. BC 16. ABCD 17. ABCD 18. D 19. ABCD 20. D 21. A 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. ABCD 26. E 27. A 28. ABCD 29. B 30. C 31. ABCDE 32. A 33. ABCD 34. AB 35. B 36. A 37. ABCDE 38. A 39. A 40. B 41. ABC 42. ABC 43. B

II. Identify the fragments.passage 1

1. Washington Irving

2. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow3. A short story is a brief prose Fiction, usually one that can be read in a

single sitting. It generally contains the six major elements of fiction—characterization, setting, theme, plot, point of view and style.

passage 21. Edgar Allan Poe2. The Raven

3. LI—Alliteration, L4—Onomatopoeia, L7—Internal rhyme, L10—Assonance

4. A sense of melancholy over the death of a beloved beautiful young woman pervades the whole poem, the portrayal of a young man grieving for his lost Leno-re, his grief turned to madness under the steady one-word repetition of the talking bird.

passage 31. Edgar Allan Poe2. Psyche3. Psyche is the goddess of the soul in Greek mythology.

Passag4 1. Walden2. Henry David Thoreau3. Find the answer from the passage.

passage 51. The Scarlet Letter

Nathaniel Hawthorne

2. adultery, able, angel

passage 61. Moby Dick2. Herman Melville3. The captain of the whaling ship4. The name of the whaling ship5. The rebellious struggle of Captain Ahab against the overwhelming,

mysterious vastness of the universe and its awesome sometimes merciless forces.

第四章 现实主义-自然主义文学I. Make multiple choices. 1. Mark Twain created, in____________ , a masterpiece of American realism that is also one of the great books of world literature.A. Huckleberry FinnB. Tom SawyerC. The Man That Corrupted HadleyburgD. The Gilded Age2. American literature produced only one female poet during the nineteenth century. This was _____.A. Anne Bradstreet B. Jane AustenC. Emily Dickinson D. Harriet Beecher3. The publication of the novel____________ stirred a great nation to its depths and hurried on a great war.A. My Bondage and My Freedom B. Stanzas on FreedomC. Voices of Freedom D. Uncle Tom' s Cabin4. Where Mark Twain and William Dean Howells satirized European manners at times, __________ was an admirer.A. O. Henry B. Henry JamesC. Walt Whitman D. Jack London5. Choose the novel which is not written by Henry James.A. The Ambassadors B. The Wings of the DoveC. The Bostonians D. The Princess CasamassimaE. The Mysterious Stranger 6. While embracing the socialism of Marx, London also believed in the triumph of the strongest individuals. This contradiction is most vividly projected in the patently autobiographical novel___________ .A. The Call of the Wild B. The Sea WolfC. Martin Eden D. The Iron Heel

7. Dreiser's Trilogy of Desire includes three novels. Which one among the following is an EXCEPTION?A. The Financier B. The TitanC. The Genius D. The StoicE. Jannie Gerhardt8. With William Dean Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the scene, _______ became the major trend in the seventies and eighties of the nineteenth century.A. sentimentalism B. romanticismC. realism D. naturalism9. Which one among the following is not a staunch advocate of nineteenth-century American realism?A. Mark Twain B. Henry JamesC. William Dean Howells D. Jack London10. Which one among the following is Jack London’s semi-autobiography?A. The Call of the Wild B. White FangC. The Sea Wolf D. Martin Eden, II. Identify the fragments.

Passage 1I celebrate myself, and sing myself,

And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.

I loafe and invite my soul,I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.

Questions: 1. These are the first two stanzas in the first section of a long poem

entitled2. The name of the poet is___________ .3. Who is the poet celebrating? Whom do lines 2 ~ 3 also include in the

celebration?4. What is the verse, structure?5. Take the fifth line as a hint, can you write out the name of the poet' s

completed collections of poems?

Passage 2

Because I could not stop for Death—

He kindly stopped for me—

The Carriage held but just Ourselves—Questions:

1. Who is the writer of these lines?2. In which category would you place this poem?

A. narrative B. dramatic C. lyric3. Emily Dickinson is noted for her use of_____________ to achieve

special effects.

A. perfect rhyme B. exact rhyme C. slant rhyme

Passage 3 Tom Sawyer stepped forward with conceited confidence and soared

into the unquenchable and indestructible "Give me liberty or give me death" speech, with fine fury and frantic gesticulation, and broke down in the middle of it. A ghastly stage fright seized him, his legs quaked under him, and he was like to choke. True, he had the manifest sympathy of the house----------- but he had the house' s silence, too, which was even worse than its sympathy. The master frowned, and this completed the disaster. Tom struggled awhile and then retired, defeated.

Questions:1. Which novel is this passage taken from?2. Who is the author?

Passage 4 Isabel always felt an impulse to pull out the pins; not that she

imagined they inflicted any damage on the tough old parchment, but because it seemed to her her aunt might make better use of her sharpness. She was very critical herself-it was incidental to her sex, and her nationality but she was very sentimental as well, and there was something in Mrs. Touchett' s dryness that set her own moral fountains flowing.

"Now what' s your point of view?" she asked of her aunt. "When you criticize everything here you should have a point of view. Yours doesn’t' t seem to be American you thought everything over there so disagreeable. When I have mine; it' s thoroughly American!"

"My dear young lady", said Mrs. Touchett, "there are as many points of view in the world as there are people of sense to take them. You

may say that doesn't make them very numerous. American? Never in the world; that' s shockingly narrow. My point of view, thank God, is personal!" Isabel thought this a better answer than she admitted; it was a tolerable description of her own manner of judging, but it would not have sounded well for her to say so.

Questions:1. This passage is taken from a well-known novel. What is the name of

the novel?2. Who is the author of this novel?3. Make a brief comment on the heroine Isabel Archer.4. What is Jamesian theme?

Passage 5 He went back to the text and lost himself. He did not notice that a

young woman had entered the room. The first he knew was when he heard Arthur' s voice saying:

"Ruth, this is Mr. Eden." The book was closed on his forefinger, and before he turned he was

thrilling to the first new impression, which was not of the girl, but of her brother' s words. Under that muscled body of his he was a mass of quivering sensibilities. At the slightest impact of the outside world upon his consciousness, his thoughts, sympathies, and emotions leapt and played like lambent flame. He was extraordinarily receptive and responsive, while his imagination, pitched high, was ever at work es-tablishing relations of likeness and difference. "Mr. Eden," was what

he had thrilled to—he who had been called "Eden" or "Martin Eden"

or just "Martin" all his life. And "Mister!" It was certainly going some, was his internal comment. His mind seemed to turn, on the instant, into a vast camera obscure.

Questions:1. What is the name of the novel from which this passage is taken?2. Whom does the first word "He" refer to?3. Who is the author of this novel?

Passage 6 When a girl leaves her home at eighteen, she does one of two things.

Either she falls into saving hands and becomes better, or she rapidly assumes the cosmopolitan standard of virtue and becomes worse. Of an intermediate balance, under the circumstances, there is no possibility. The city has its cunning wiles, no less than the infinitely smaller and more human tempter. There are large forces which allure

with all the soulfulness of expression possible in the most cultured human. The gleam of a thousand lights is often as effective as the persuasive light in a wooing and fascinating eye. Half the undoing of the unsophisticated and natural mind is accomplished by forces wholly superhuman. A blare of sound, a roar of life, a vast array of human hives, appeal to the astonished senses in equivocal terms. Without a counsellor at hand to whisper cautious interpretations, what falsehoods may not these things breathe into the unguarded ear! Unrecognised for what they are, their beauty, like music, too often relaxes, then weakens then perverts the simpler human perceptions.

Questions:1. From which novel is this paragraph taken?2. Who is the author of this novel?3. How do you understand "the cosmopolitan standard of virtue"?4. Is there any naturalist tendency in this passage?

Keys:I. Multiple choices:1-----5 A, C, D, B, E, 6-----10 C, C, C, D, DII. Identify the fragments?

Passage 11. Song of Myself2. Walt Whitman3. The poet is celebrating himself, his own life. Lines 2-3 also include

"you" , the readers and their lives in the celebration.4. free verse5. Leaves of Grass

Passage 21. Emily Dickinson2. C3. C

Passage 31. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer2. Mark Twain

Passage 41. The Portrait of a Lady

2. Henry James3. She is one of the Jamesian American girls. She arrives in Europe, full

of hope, and with a will to live a free and noble life, but in fact, she only falls prey to the sinister designs of two vulgar and unscrupulous expatriates, Madam Merle and Gilbert Osmond.

4. Jamesian theme refers to Henry James' s handling of his major fictional theme, "the international theme" : the meeting of America and Europe, American innocence in contact and contrast with European decadence and the moral and Psychological complications arising therefrom.

Passage 51. Martin Eden2. Martin Eden3. Jack London

Passage 61. Sister Carrie2. Theodore Dreiser3. "The cosmopolitan standard of virtue" is something that makes a

person become low in virtue and value and become worse.4. Yes.

第五章 现代主义文学I. Make multiple choices.1. Early in the 20th century, _________ published works that would change the nature of American poetry.A. Ezra Pound B. T. S. EliotC. Robert Frost D. Both A and B2. The American "Thirties", lasted from the Crash, through the ensuing Great Depression, until the outbreak of the Second World War 1939. This was a period of__________ .A. poverty B. bleaknessC. important social movements D. a new social consciousnessE. all of the above3. In the pre-war period, such writers as______________ , pointed out the contradictions between what American preached and they practiced.A. Mark Twain B. Jack London

C. Stephen Crane D. Theodore DreiserE. all of the above4. The Imagist writers followed three principles, they respectively are _________ .A. direct treatment B. economy of expressionC. clear rhythm D. all of the above5. __________ showed great interest in Chinese literature and translated the poetry of Li Po (Li Bai) into English, and was influenced by Confucian ideas.A. Ezra Pound B. Robert FrostC. T. S. Eliot D. E. E. Cummings6. Ezra Pound' s long poem____________ contained more than one hundred poems loosely connected.A. The Waste Land B. The CantosC. Don Juan D. Queen Mab7. "Richard Cory" and "Miniver Cheevy" are good examples of Edwin Arlington Robinson' s ______ attitude.A. romantic B. fantasticC. realistic D. materialistic8. When Robert Frost was eighty-seven, he read his poetry at the inauguration of President__________ .A. Thomas Jefferson B. Theodore RooseveltC. Abraham Lincoln D. John F. Kennedy

9. Which of the following was not written by Robert Frost?A. "Tilbury Town" B. "A Witness Tree"C. "Steeple Bush" D. "In the Clearing"10. Robert Frost is famous for his lyric poems. Which of the following lyric poems was not written by Robert Frost?A. "Birches"B. "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening"

C. "After Apple-Picking"D. "The Road Not Taken"E. "Richard Cory"11. Wallace Stevens' s poetry is primarily motivated by the belief that true ideas correspond with an innate order in nature. Many of his good poems derive their emotional power from reasoned revelation. This philosophical intention is supported by the titles Wallace Stevens gave to his volumes such as_____________ .A. Harmonium B. Ideas of OrderC. Parts of a World D. all of the above12. __________ , a poetic tragedy on the betrayal of Thomas a Becket, is a drama of impressive spiritual power.A. "The Confidential Clerk"B. "The Cocktail Party"C. "The Family Reunion" D. "Murder in the Cathedral"13. Thomas Stearns Eliot was a _____.A. poet B. playwrightC. literary critic D. all of the above14. Thomas Stearns Eliot's first major poem____________ (1917), has been called the first masterpiece of modernism in English.A. The Love Song of J. Alfred PrufrockB. The Waste LandC. Four QuartetsD. Preludes15. The Fitzgeralds lived so extravagantly that they frequently spent more money than F. Scoot Fitzgerald earned for parties, liquor, entertaining their friends and traveling. It was this living style that nicknamed the decade of the 1920s as ______.A. The Roaring Twenties B. The Jazz AgeC. The Dollar Decade D. all of the above16. Choose the collections of short stories written by F. Scott Fitzgerald.A. Flappers and Philosophers B. Tales of the Jazz AgeC. All the Sad Young Men D. Taps at ReveilleE. all of the above

17. Choose the novels written by F. Scott Fitzgerald.A. The Great Gatsby B. Tender Is the NightC. This Side of Paradise D. The Beautiful and the DamnedE. all of the above18. In Paris, Ernest Hemingway, along with _____________, accomplished a revolution in literary style and language.A. Gertrude Stein B. Ezra PoundC. Thomas Stearns Eliot D. James JoyceE. all of the above19. In 1954,___________ was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature for his "mastery of the art of modern narration".A. Thomas Stearns Eliot B. Ernest HemingwayC. John Steinbeck D. William Faulkner20. Ernest Hemingway was badly wounded in Italy and sent to a hospital where he fell in love with a nurse. These two persons later became the characters of his novel__________ .A. The Old Man and the Sea B. For Whom the Bell TollsC. The Sun Also Rises D. A Farewell to Arms21. During the Depression, Ernest Hemingway first went to Spain and then , to the American West and to Africa on hunting expeditions. In the novels written in this period such as___________ , he wrote about bullfighting, hunting and his personal anecdote.A. Death in the Afternoon B. The Green Hills of AfricaC. Men without Women D. The Old Man and the SeaE. all of the above22. Which authors committed suicide?A. Ernest Hemingway B. Jack LondonC. Robert Frost D. Mrs. Stowe23. __________ tells the Joad family' s life from the time they were evicted from their farm in Oklahoma until their first winter in California.A. Of Mice and Men B. The Grapes of Wrath

C. The Great Gatsby D. For Whom the Bell Tolls24. _______wrote about the society in the South by inventing families which represented different social forces; the old decaying upper class; the rising, ambitious, unscrupulous class of the "poor Whites"; and the Negroes who la bored for both of them.A. William Faulkner B. F. Scott FitzgeraldC. Ernest Hemingway D. John Steinbeck25. In William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury, he used a technique called_____________ , in which the whole story was told through the thoughts of one character.A. stream of consciousness B. imagismC. symbolism D. naturalism26. William Faulkner's novel___________ describes the decay and downfall of an old southern aristocratic family, symbolizing the old social order, told from four different points of view.A. The Sound and the Fury B. StartorisC. The Unvanquished D. The Town

II. Identify the fragments.Passage 1: In a Station of the MetroThe apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough.Questions:

1. Who is the author of this short poem?2. What two images are juxtaposed, or placed next to each other in this

poem?3. How do you appreciate this poem?

Passage 2:

And he was rich—yes, richer than a king—

And admirably schooled in every grace:In fine, we thought that he was everything To make us wish that we were in his place.So on we worked, and waited for the light, And went without the meat, and cursed the bread; And Richard Cory, one calm summer night,

Went home and put a bullet through his head.Questions:

1. What is the title of the poem?2. Who wrote this poem?3. How are the "we" of the poem different from Richard Cory?4. Do you think the use of the adjective "calm" in the next-to-this line is

an example of verbal irony? What is verbal irony?5. There is an element of dark humor in the mistaken ideas that the

townspeople have of Richard Cory, do you think so?

Passage 3: The woods are lovely, dark and deep. But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before 1 sleep.Questions:

1. Who wrote this poem?2. What is the title of this poem?3. What kind of feeling does this stanza show? 4) What do you think of

this poem?

Passage 4:Let us go then, you and I,When the evening is spread out against the skyLike a patient etherized upon a table;Let us go, through certain half-deserted streets,The muttering retreatsOf restless nights in one-night cheap hotelsAnd sawdust restaurants with oyster-shellsStreets that follow like a tedious argumentOf insidious intentTo lead you to an overwhelming question...Oh, do not ask, "What is it?"Let us go and make our visit. In the room the women come and goTalking of Michelangelo.Questions:

1. This is the first 14 lines of a famous poem "The love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. " What is the name of the poet wrote it?

2. What image is created in this passage?3. Do you think Prufrock is a tragic figure? Why?4. Is this poem a dramatic monologue? Why?

Passage 5:

They were careless people, Tom and Daisy— They smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into

their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made. . .

Questions:1. Which novel is this passage taken from?2. Who is the writer of this novel?3. What is the author' s attitude toward such persons as Tom and Daisy?

Passage 6: Poor, poor dear Cat. And this was the price you paid for sleeping

together. This was the end of the trap. This was what people got for loving each other. Thank God for gas, anyway. What must it have been like before there were anaesthetics? Once it started, they were in the mill-race. Catherine had a good time in the time of pregnancy. It wasn't bad. She was hardly ever sick. She was not awfully uncom-fortable until toward the last. So now they got her in the end. You never got away with anything. Get away hell! It would have been the same if we had been married fifty times. And what if she should die? She won't die. People don't die in childbirth nowadays. That was what all husbands thought. Yes, but what if she should die? She won' t die, She' s just having a bad time. Afterward we' d say what a bad time and Catherine would say it was, n', t really so ba, d. But what if she should die?

Questions:1. Which novel is this passage taken from?2. Who is the writer of this novel from which the passage is selected?3. What do you think of the language style?

Passage 7: When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral;

the men through a sort of respectful affectation for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her

house, which no one save an old manservant—a combined gardener

and cook—had seen in at least ten years.

Questions:1. Which book is this paragraph taken from?

2. Who is the writer of this book?

I. Make multiple choices:1-5 D E E D A 6-10 B C D A E11-15 D D D A D 16-20 E E E B D 21-25 E A B A A 26 A

II. Identify the fragments.Passage 1

1. Ezra Pound2. The writer uses the image of "petals" on another image, that is, "wet,

black bough".3. In In a Station of the Metro Pound attempts to produce the emotion he

felt when he walked down into a Paris subway station and suddenly saw a number of faces in the dim light. To capture the emotion, Pound uses the image of petals on a wet, black bough. The image is not decoration; It is central to the poem's meaning. In fact, it is the poem's meaning.

Passage 21. Richard Cory2. Edwin Arlington Robinson3. The "we" in the poem refers to the poor townspeople who live a hard

life and admire the rich. But Richard Cory is the rich person who is admired by the poor, and appears to be calm and smart, but with a heart of suicidal despairing.

4. Yes, it is an example of verbal irony. Verbal irony occurs when words that appear to be saying one thing are really saying something quite different.

5. Yes.

Passage 31. Robert Frost2. "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening"3. It shows a kind of sad, sentimental but also strong and responsible

feeling.4. It is one of the most quietly moving of Frost' s lyrics. On the surface,

it seems to be simple, descriptive verses, records of close observation, graphic and homely pictures. It uses the simplest terms and commonest words. But it is deeply meditative, adding far-reaching meanings to the homely music. It uses its superbcraftsmanship to come to a climax of responsibility: the promises to

be kept, the obligation to be fulfilled. Few poems have said so much in so little.

Passage 41. Thomas Stearns Eliot2. a patient etherized upon a table3. He is a tragic figure. The plight of this hesitant, inhabited man, an

aging dreamer trapped in decayed, shabby-genteel surroundings, aware of beauty and faced with sordidness, mirrors the plight of the sensitive in the presence of the dull.

4. Yes, it is a dramatic monologue. He is a character created by Eliot, and he speaks directly to us. He tells us his thoughts in leaps and bounds, jumping from one image to another, just as a human mind does.

Passage 51. The Great Gatsby2. F. Scott Fitzgerald3. The author criticized them as selfish, hypocritical persons.

Passage 61. A Farewell to Arms2. Ernest Hemingway3. Hemingway manages to choose words concrete, specific, more

commonly found, more casual and conversational. He employs these kinds of words often in a syntax of short, simple sentences, which are orderly and patterned and sometimes ungrammatical.

Passage 71. A Rose for Emily2. William Faulkner