Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
Transcript of Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 1/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 1
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area NetworksProj
ect: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks(WPANs)
(WPANs)
Submission Title: [Merged UWB proposal for IEEE 802.15.4a Alt-PHY]Date Submitted: [22 Feb 2005]Source: [Francois Chin, et.al.]
Company : [Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore]
Address : [21 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Singapore 119613]
Voice : [65-68745687] FAX : [65-67744990] E-Mail : [[email protected]]Re: [Response to the call for proposal of IEEE 802.15.4a, Doc Number: 15-04-0380-02-004a ]
Abstract: [Merged Proposal to IEEE 802.15.4a Task Group]Purpose: [For presentation and consideration by the IEEE802.15.4a committee]Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in thisdocument is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s)the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 2/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 2
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
This contribution is a technical merger between*:
Institute for Infocomm Research [05/032]General Atomics [05/016]Thales & Cellonics [05/008]KERI & SSU & KWU [05/033]
Create-Net & China UWB Forum [05/019]Staccato Communications [04/0704]Wisair [05/09]
* For a complete list of authors, please see page 3.
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 3/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 3
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
AuthorsInstitute for Infocomm Research: Francois Chin, Xiaoming Peng, Sam Kwok, Zhongding Lei, Kannan, Yong-HuatChew, Chin-Choy Chai, Rahim, Manjeet, T.T. Tjhung, Hongyi Fu, Tung-ChongWong
General Atomics: Naiel Askar, Susan Lin
Thales & Cellonics: Serge Hethuin, Isabelle Bucaille, Arnaud Tonnerre, Fabrice Legrand, JoeJurianto
KERI & SSU & KWU : Kwan-Ho Kim, Sungsoo Choi, Youngjin Park, Hui-Myoung Oh, Yoan Shin, Woncheol Lee, and Ho-In JeonCreate-Net & China UWB Forum :Zheng Zhou, Frank Zheng, Honggang Zhang, Xiaofei Zhou, Iacopo Carreras,Sandro Pera, Imrich Chlamtac
Staccato Communications :Roberto Aiello, Torbjorn Larsson
Wisair :Gadi Shor, Sorin Goldenberg
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 4/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 4
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Multiband Ternary Orthogonal Keying (M-TOK)
for IEEE 802.15.4a UWB based Alt-PHY
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 5/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 5
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Goals • Good use of UWB unlicensed spectrum• Good system design• Path to low complexity CMOS design
• Path to low power consumption• Scalable to future standards• Graceful co-existence with other services• Graceful co-existence with other UWB systems
• Support different classes of nodes, with different reliabilityrequirements (and $), with single common transmit signaling
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 6/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 6
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Main Features
Proposal main features:• Impulse-radio based (pulse-shape independent)•
Common preamble signaling for different classes of nodes / type of receivers (coherent / differential /noncoherent)
• Band Plan based on multiple 500 MHz bands• Robustness against SOP interference• Robustness against other in-band interference• Scalability to trade-off complexity/performance
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 7/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 7
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Chip rate 24 Mcps
# Pulse / Chip Period 1
Pulse Rep. Freq. 24 MHz
# Chip / symbol (Code length) 32
Symbol Rate 24/32 MHz = 0.75 MSps
info. bit / sym (Mandatory Mode) 4 bit / symbol
Mandatory bit rate 4 bit/sym x 0.75 MSps = 3 Mbps
#Code Sequences/ piconet 16 (4 bit/symbol)Code position modulation (CPM)
Lower bit rate scalability Symbol Repetition
Modulation {+1,-1} bipolar and {+1,-1, 0} ternary pulse train
Total # simultaneous piconetssupported
6 per FDM band
Multple access for piconets Fixed sequence & FDM band for each piconet
Proposed System Parameters
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 8/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 8
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
System Description• Each piconet uses one set of code sequences
for different classes of nodes / type of receivers(coherent / differential / non-coherent receivers)
• 16 Orthogonal Sequences of code length 32 torepresent a 4-bit symbol
• PRF (chip rate): 24 MHz –
Low enough to avoid significant interchip interference(ICI) with all 802.15.4a multipath models – High enough to ensure low pulse peak power
• FEC: optional (or low complexity type)
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 9/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 9
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Band PlanBAND_ID Lower frequency Center frequency Upper frequency
1 3168 MHz 3432 MHz 3696 MHz
2 3696 MHz 3960 MHz 4224 MHz
3 4224 MHz 4488 MHz 4752 MHz
4 4752 MHz 5016 MHz 5280 MHz
5 5280 MHz 5544 MHz 5808 MHz
6 5808 MHz 6072 MHz 6336 MHz
7 6336 MHz 6600 MHz 6864 MHz
8 6864 MHz 7128 MHz 7392 MHz
9 7392 MHz 7656 MHz 7920 MHz
10 7920 MHz 8184 MHz 8448 MHz
11 8448 MHz 8712 MHz 8976 MHz
12 8976 MHz 9240 MHz 9504 MHz
13 9504 MHz 9768 MHz 10032 MHz
14 10032 MHz 10296 MHz 10560 MHz
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 10/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 10
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Multiple access
Multiple access within piconet : TDMA+CSMA/CAsame as 15.4
Multiple access across piconets : CDM + FDMDifferent Piconet uses different Base Sequence &different 500 MHz band
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 11/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 11
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Types of Receivers Supported• Coherent Detection: The phase of the received
carrier waveform is known, and utilized for demodulation
• Differential Chip Detection: The carrier phase of the previous signaling interval is used as phasereference for demodulation
• Non-coherent Detection: The carrier phaseinformation (e.g.pulse polarity) is unknown atthe receiver
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 12/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 12
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Criteria of Code Sequence Design
1. The sequence Set should have orthogonal (or near orthogonal)cross correlation properties to minimise symbol decision error for all the below receiversa. For coherent receiver
b. For differential chip receiver c. For non-coherent symbol detection receiver d. Energy detection receiver
2. Each sequence should have good auto-correlation properties
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 13/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 13
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
2. To minimise impact of DC noise effect on energy collector basednon-coherent receiver
• For OOK signaling, the transmitter transmits {+1,-1,0} ternarysequences
• Conventional receive unipolar code sequence – follows transmitsequence
• After the energy capture in the receiver, the noise has positiveDC components in each chip; error occurs in thresholding,especially at lower SNR
• This will accumulate noise unevenly in symbol decision• An ideal receive despreading chip sequence should then have
bipolar chip values, preferrably with equal number of ‘+1 and ‘-1’chips• This, to certain extent, will nullify DC noise energy in symbol
decision• This, will also nullify energy components from other interfering
piconets
Criteria of Code Sequence Design
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 14/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 14
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Base Sequence Set
Seq 1 0 + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 - 0 - + 0 0 - -
Seq 2 0 - 0 + - - 0 0 0 + 0 + 0 + - 0 + 0 0 0 0 + - 0 0 + 0 0 + - - -
Seq 3 0 - + 0 + + - - - 0 + 0 0 0 - 0 0 - 0 + 0 + + 0 0 0 0 - + - 0 0
Seq 4 0 0 + 0 + - - 0 - - 0 0 0 - + - + + 0 0 + + 0 - 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 -
Seq 5 0 + - + - 0 0 - 0 0 + + 0 0 0 0 + 0 - - 0 - 0 + 0 0 0 - - + 0 +Seq 6 0 0 0 - + - 0 0 0 0 + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 - 0 0 0 + 0 - - - + + 0 + -
• 31-chip Ternary Sequence set are chosen• Only one sequence and one fixed band (no hopping) will be used
by all devices in a piconet• Logical channels for support of multiple piconets•6 sequences = 6 logical channels (e.g. overlapping piconets) for each FDM Band
• The same base sequence will be used to construct the symbol-to-
chip mapping table
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 15/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 15
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Symbol Cyclic shift toright by nchips, n=
32-Chip value
0000 0 0 + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 - 0 - + 0 0 - -
0001 2 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 - 0 - + 0 0
0011 4 0 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 - 0 - +
0010 6 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 - 0
0110 8 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0 0 + 0 00111 10 0 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0 0 +
0101 12 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 - 0 0 0
0100 14 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 – 0
1100 15 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 –
1101 17 0 0 – 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 +
1111 19 0 0 + 0 – 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + +
1110 21 0 + + 0 + 0 – 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 +
1010 23 0 0 + + + 0 + 0 – 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0 + -
1011 25 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 – 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0 0 0
1001 27 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 – 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + - - 0
1000 29 0 - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 + 0 – 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 – 0 - + 0 0 - - + -
Symbol-to-Chip Mapping:Gray coded 16-ary Ternary Orthogonal Keying
To obtain 32-chip per symbol, cyclic shift the BaseSequence first, then append a ‘0’-chip in front
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 16/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 16
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Good Properties of the Mapping
Sequence1. Cyclic nature, leads to simple implementation2. Zero DC for each sequence3. No need for carrier phase tracking (i.e. coherent receiver)
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 17/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 17
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Synchronisation Preamble
• Code sequences has good autocorrelation properties• Preamble is constructed by repeating ‘0000’ symbols• Long preamble is constructed by further symbol repetition
Correlator output for synchronisation
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 18/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 18
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Frame Format
PPDU
Octets:
PHYLayer
Preamble
4? 1
FrameLength
SFD
1
SHR PHR PSDU
MPDU
Data: 32 (n=23)
FrameCont.
Seq. # AddressDataPayload CRC
Octets: 2 1 0/4/8 2
MACSublayer
n
MHR MSDU MFR
For ACK: 5 (n=0)
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 19/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 19
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Transmission ModeMode Data
Rate(Mbps)
Bit /symbol
Sym.Rep.
TXSign-aling
Receiver type
1a 3 4 1 Ternary - Short Preamble for all receivers- High Data Rate Mode (for EnergyCollection receivers)
1b 0.75 4 4 Ternary - Long Preamble for all receivers- Low Data Rate Mode (for EnergyCollection receivers)
2a 3 4 1 Binary - High Data Rate Mode (for Coherent / Differential ChipReceiver)
2b 0.75 4 4 Binary - Low Data Rate Mode (for Coherent/ Differential Chip Receiver)
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 20/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 20
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Modulation & Coding (Mode 1)
Bit to symbol mapping:
group every 4 bits into a symbolSymbol-to-chip mapping:Each 4-bit symbol is mapped to one of 16 32-chipsequence, according to 16-ary Ternary OrthogonalKeying
Symbol Repetition:for data rate and range scalabilityPulse Genarator:• Transmit Ternary pulses at PRF = 24MHz
Bit-to-Symbol SymbolRepetition
Binary
dataFromPPDU
PulseGenerator
{0,1,-1} TernarySequence
Symbol-to-Chip
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 21/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 21
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Modulation & Coding (Mode 2)
Bit to symbol mapping:group every 4 bits into a symbol
Symbol-to-chip mapping:Each 4-bit symbol is mapped to one of 16 32-chip sequence,according to 16 -ary Ternary Orthogonal Keying
Symbol Repetition:for data rate and range scalability
Ternary to Binary conversion: (-1/+1 → 1,0 → -1)
Pulse Genarator:• Transmit bipolar pulses at PRF = 24MHz
Bit-to-Symbol SymbolRepetition
Binary
dataFromPPDU
Ternary-Binary
{0,1,-1} TernarySequence
Symbol-to-Chip PulseGenerator
{1,-1} BinarySequence
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 22/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 22
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Auto Correlation Properties for Non-
Coherent Symbol Detection Receiver
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 23/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 23
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Cross Correlation Properties for
Coherent Detection Receiver
TxSeqSet * RxSeqSet' (Mode 2) =TxSeqSet * RxSeqSet' (Mode 1) =
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 24/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 24
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Differential Multipath Combining
n x ,1
n x ,2
n x ,3
1,1 +n x 1,2 +n
x
1,3 +n x
{ } { } { }*,31,3
*,21,2
*,11,1 ReReRe nnnnnn
x x x x x x ⋅+⋅+⋅ +++
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 25/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 25
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Auto Correlation Properties for Differential
Chip Detection Receiver
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 26/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 26
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Cross Correlation Properties for
Differential Chip Detection Receiver
DifferentialChip(TxSeqSet) *DifferentialChip(RxSeqSet)’ (Mode 1) =
DifferentialChip(TxSeqSet) *DifferentialChip(RxSeqSet)’ (Mode 2) =
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 27/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 27
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
• Energy detection technique rather than coherent receiver,for low cost, low complexity• Soft chip values gives best results• Oversampling & sequence correlation is used to recovery
chip timing recovery
• Synchronization fully re-acquired for each new packetreceived (=> no very accurate timebase needed)
BPF ( ) 2 LPF /integrator
ADC
Sample Rate 1/T c
SoftDespread
Non-Coherent Receiver Architectures(Mode 1)
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 28/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 28
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Auto Correlation Properties for Energy
Detection Receiver (Mode 1)
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 29/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 29
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Cross Correlation Properties for Energy
Detection Receiver (Mode 1)
TxSeqSet * RxSeqSet ' =
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 30/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 30
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
AWGN Performance
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 31/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 31
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
AWGN Performance
AWGN performance @ 1% PER
@ 3 Mbps Non-coherentsymbol detection
Differential chipdetection
Energy detection
Mode 1 8.5 dB 13 dB 13.5 dB
Mode 2 7.5 dB 11.5 dB -
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 32/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 32
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Basic Data Rate Throughput
(Low Rate Modes)
• Useful data rate calculation for 32 byte PSDU (Xo = 0.75 Mbps)• Symbol Period = 1.33us
– Data frame time : 38 x 8 / 0.75= 405.3 µsec
– ACK frame time : 11 x 8 / 0.75 = 117.3 µsec – tACK (considering 15.4 spec) : 192 µsec
– LIFS (considering 15.4 spec) : 640 µsec
– Tframe = 1355 µsec
– Useful Basic Data Rate = 189.0 kbps
LIFSt ACK
Data Frame (38 bytes) ACK
T frame
(Time Slot for Multiple Piconet)
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 33/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 33
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
LIFSt ACK
Data Frame (38 bytes) ACK
T frame
(Time Slot for Multiple Piconet)
Basic Data Rate Throughput
(High Rate Modes)
• Useful data rate calculation for 32 byte PSDU (Xo = 3 Mbps)• Symbol Period = 1.33us
– Data frame time : 38 x 8 / 3 = 101.3 µsec
– ACK frame time : 11 x 8 / 3 = 29.3 µsec – tACK (considering 15.4 spec) : 192 µsec
– LIFS (considering 15.4 spec) : 640 µsec
– Tframe = 963 µsec
– Useful Basic Data Rate = 265.9 kbps
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 34/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 34
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
LIFSt ACK
Data Frame (38 bytes) ACK
T frame
(Time Slot for Multiple Piconet)
Basic Data Rate Throughput
(High Rate Modes)
• Useful data rate calculation for 127 byte PSDU (Xo = 3 Mbps)• Symbol Period = 1.33us
– Data frame time : 127 x 8 / 3 = 354.7 µsec
– ACK frame time : 11 x 8 / 3 = 29.3 µsec – tACK (considering 15.4 spec) : 192 µsec
– LIFS (considering 15.4 spec) : 640 µsec
– Tframe = 1216 µsec
– Useful Basic Data Rate = 853.5 kbps
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 35/52
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 36/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 36
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Ranging and Positioning
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 37/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 37
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Asynchronous Ranging Scheme• Synchronous ranging
– One way ranging – Simple TOA/TDOA measurement – Universal external clock
• Asynchronous ranging – Two way ranging – TOA/TDOA measurement by RTTs – Half-duplex type of signal exchange
Transmitted packets
Received packets
TOF : Time Of Flight
RTT : Round Trip Time
SHR : Synchronization Header
SHR Payload
SHR Payload
SHR Payload
Reference Time
A
B
C
TOFAB
TOFAC
TDOABC
RTT
TOF
TOF
SHR SHRPayload Payload
Pre- determineddelay time(T)
SHR Payload SHR Payload
TOF = (RTT- 2k- T)/2
k
Synchronous Ranging Asynchronous Ranging
But, HighComplexity
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 38/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 38
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Features- Sequential two-way ranging is executed via relay transmissions- PAN coordinator manages the overall schedule for positioning- Inactive mode processing is required along the positioning- PAN coordinator may transfer all sorts of information such as observed- TDOAs to a processing unit (PU) for position calculation
Benefits- It does not need pre-synchronization among the devices- Positioning in mobile environment is partly accomplished
PANcoordinator
P_FFD1
P_FFD2
P_FFD3
RFD
TOA14
TOA24
TOA34
P_FFD : Positioning Full Function DeviceRFD : Reduced Function Device
PU
Proposed Positioning Scheme
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 39/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 39
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Process of Proposed Positioning
SchemePANcoordinator
P_FFD1
P_FFD2
P_FFD3
RFD
T
T
T
T
RTT12
RTT23
RTT13RTT14
RTT24
RTT34
T12
T23T13
T14
T34
T24: Transmited packets
: Received packets TOATOA
measurement measurement
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 40/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 40
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
More Details for obtaining TDOAs• Distances among the positioning FFDs are calculated from RTT
measurements and known time interval T
• Using observed RTT measurements and calculated distances,TOAs/TDOAs are updated
RTTRTT 1212 = T + 2T= T + 2T 1212
RTTRTT 2323 = T += T +
2T2T 2323 RTTRTT 1313 = T= T 1212 + 2T + T+ 2T + T 2323 + T+ T 1313
TT 1212 = (RTT= (RTT 1212 – T)/2– T)/2
TT 2323 = (RTT= (RTT 2323 – T)/2– T)/2
TT 1313 = (RTT= (RTT 1313 – T– T 1212 – T– T 2323 – 2T)– 2T)
RTTRTT 3434 = T= T 3434 + T ++ T + TT 3434
RTTRTT 1414 = T= T 1212 + T + T+ T + T 2323 + T + T+ T + T 3434 + T ++ T + TT 1414
RTTRTT 2424 = T= T 2323 + T + T+ T + T 3434 + T ++ T + TT 2424
TOATOA 1414 = (RTT= (RTT 1414 - T- T 1212 - T- T 2323 - TOA- TOA 3434 --3T)3T)
TOATOA 3434 = (RTT= (RTT 3434 - T)/2- T)/2
TOATOA 2424 = (RTT= (RTT 2424 - T- T 2323 - TOA- TOA 3434 --2T)2T)
TDOATDOA 1212 = TOA= TOA 1414 – TOA– TOA 2424
TDOATDOA 2323 = TOA= TOA 2424 – TOA– TOA 3434
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 41/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 41
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Position Calculation using TDOAs• The range difference measurement defines a hyperboloid of
constant range difference• When multiple range difference measurements are obtained,
producing multiple hyperboloids, the position location of the device
is at the intersection among the hyperboloids
2 2 2 2, , ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )i j i j i j i i j j R c TDOA c TOA TOA X x Y y X x Y y= × = × − = − + − − − + −
A
B
C
TOATag_A
TOATag_B
TOATag_CTag
TDOAB_C
TDOAA_B
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 42/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 42
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Positioning Scenario Overview
Cluster 1
Cluster 1
Case 1
Case 2
PAN Coordinator
FFD
RFD
Positioning FFD(P_FFD)
• Using static reference nodes inrelatively large scaled cluster : – Power control is required – Power consumption increases –
All devices in cluster must be ininactive data transmission mode
• Using static and dynamic nodes in overlapped small scaled sub-clusters :
– Sequential positioning is executedin each sub-cluster – Low power consumption – Associated sub-cluster in
positioning mode should be ininactive data transmission mode
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 43/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 43
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Positioning Scenario for Star topology• Star topology
– PAN coordinator activated mode • Positioning all devices• Re-alignment of positioning FFD’s list is not
required –
Target device activated mode• Positioning is requested from some device• Re-alignment of positioning FFD’s list is required
S_addr. : Source AddressD_addr. : Destination AddressP_addr. : Positioning Address
T_addr. : Target Address
PANcoordinator P_FFD2P_FFD1 P_FFD3 RFD
S_addr.
PAN_co.D_addr.
P_FFD1
P_addr.
P_FFD1
P_FFD2
P_FFD3
S_addr.
P_FFD1D_addr.
P_FFD2
P_addr.
P_FFD2
P_FFD3
T_RFD1
S_addr.
P_FFD2D_addr.
P_FFD3
P_addr.
P_FFD3
T_RFD1
S_addr.
P_FFD3D_addr.
T_RFD1
S_addr.
T_RFD1
P_addr.
T_RFD1
Broadcastingto all P_FFDs
T_addr.
T_RFD1
T_addr.
T_RFD1
T_addr.
T_RFD1
FDD FFD2
FFD1
RFD1
PANcoordinator
FFD3
RFD3
RFD2
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 44/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 44
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Positioning Scenario for
Cluster-tree Topology
P_FFD1
RFD3
RFD0
RFD2RFD1
FFD0
PANcoordinator
P_FFD3
RFD5
P_FFD2
RFD4
RFD1 RFD3
FFD1
FFD0
RFD2 FFD2
RFD4
RFD6
RFD7
FFD1
Cluster-tree topology
PANcoordin ator P_FFD2P_FFD1 P_FFD3 RFD
S_addr.
PAN_co.
D_addr.
P_FFD1
P_addr.
P_FFD1P_FFD2P_FFD3
S_addr.
P_FFD1
D_addr.
P_FFD2
P_addr.
P_FFD2P_FFD3
S_addr.
P_FFD2
D_addr.
P_FFD3
P_addr.
P_FFD3
S_addr.
P_FFD3
D_addr.
T_RFD5
S_addr.
T_RFD5
T_addr.
T_RFD5
Broadcastingto all P_FFDs
N_P_addr.
P_FFD2P_FFD1
re- arragement
N_addr.
FFD0FFD1RFD6
S_addr. : Source AddressD_addr. : Destination AddressP_addr. : Positioning AddressT_addr. : Target AddressN_addr. : Neighbor AddressN_P_addr. : Neighbor Positioning Address
FFD1
P_FFD3
addition
P_addr.
P_FFD3
T_addr.
T_RFD5
T_addr.
T_RFD5
T_addr.
T_RFD5
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 45/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 45
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Analog Energy Window Bank
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 46/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 46
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Ranging Accuracy Improvement• Technical requirement for positioning
– “It can be related to precise (tens of centimeters) localization in somecases, but is generally limited to about one meter ”
• Parameters for technical requirement
– Minimum required pulse duration :
– Minimum required clock speed for the correlator in the conventionalcoherent systems
8
1[ ]3.333[nsec]
3 10 [ /sec]mm
=×
1300[ ]
3.333[nsec]MHz =
★ Fast ADC clock speed in the conventional coherent receiver is required for the digital signal processing
High Cost !
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 47/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 47
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Analog Energy Window Bank (1)• Digital signal processing with fast clock can be replaced by
using analog energy window bank with low clock speed• Why analog energy window bank?
– Conventional single energy window may support the energy detectionfor data demodulation in the operation mode
– However, this cannot guarantee the correct searching of the signalposition in the timing mode (that also means the ambiguity of rangingaccuracy)
• Analog energy window bank can sufficiently support timing andcalibration as well as operation mode – Widow Bank Size : ~4 nsec (smallest pulse duration) – The number of energy windows in a bank : 11 – Operation clock speed of each energy window : 24 MHz – Number of the required energy windows depends on the power delay
profile of the multipath channel ( effective multipath components )
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 48/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 48
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Analog Energy Window Bank (2)
2
2 sec( )
ndt ⋅∫
2
2 sec( )
ndt ⋅∫
Integrator Bank for Timing and
Calibration Mode
Integrator Bank for Operation Mode
(Demodulation)
ThresholdComparisonBit “1” Bit “0”
Buffer Buffer Buffer Buffer
Estimating orAveraging
2
2 sec
( )n
dt ⋅∫
2
2 sec( )
ndt ⋅∫
2
2 sec( )
ndt ⋅∫
2
2 sec
( )n
dt ⋅∫
Size of the Integrated Bank (S)
First Path Estimationand Calibration
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 49/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 49
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Modifying MAC
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 50/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 50
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Modifications of
MAC Command Frame (1)• Features – Frame control field
• frame type : positioning (new addition using a reserved bit)
– Command frame identifier field• Positioning request/response (new addition)
– Positioning parameter information field• Absolute coordinates of positioning FFDs• POS range• List of positioning FFDs and target devices• Power control• Pre-determined processing time (T)
Octets : 2Octets : 2 11 0/4/80/4/8 11 variablevariable 22
Framecontrol
SequenceSequencenumbernumber
AddressingAddressingfieldsfields
commandframe
identifier
Positioningparameter
CommandCommandpayloadpayload
FCSFCS
MHRMHR MAC payloadMAC payload MFRMFR
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 51/52
Feb 2005
Francois Chin (I 2R), et. al.Slide 51
doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
Submission
Modifications of
MAC Command Frame (2)
Command frameCommand frameidentifieridentifier
Command frameCommand frame
0x010x01 Association requestAssociation request
0x020x02 Association responseAssociation response
0x030x03 Disassociation notificationDisassociation notification
0x040x04 Data requestData request
0x050x05 PAN ID conflict notificationPAN ID conflict notification
0x060x06 Orphan notificationOrphan notification
0x070x07 Beacon requestBeacon request
0x080x08 Coordinator realignmentCoordinator realignment
0x090x09 GTS requestGTS request
0x0a0x0a Positioning requestPositioning request
0x0b0x0b Positioning responsePositioning response
0x0c~0xff 0x0c~0xff ReservedReserved
bits : 0~2bits : 0~2 33 44 55 66 7~97~9 10~1110~11 12~1312~13 14~1514~15
FrameFrametypetype
SecuritySecurityenabledenabled
FrameFramependingpending
Ack.Ack.requestrequest
Intra-Intra-PANPAN
ReservedReserved Dest.Dest.addressing modeaddressing mode
ReservedReserved SourceSourceaddressing modeaddressing mode
Frame type valueFrame type value DescriptionDescription
000000 BeaconBeacon
001001 DataData
010010 AcknowledgmentAcknowledgment
011011 MAC commandMAC command
100100 PositioningPositioning
101~111101~111 ReservedReserved
• Frame Control
• Command frame identifier
• Positioning parameter FixedFixed
coordinatecoordinatePOSPOS
rangerangepositioningpositioning
FFDsFFDsAddress &Address &
Target devicesTarget deviceslistslists
Pre-Pre-determineddeterminedprocessingprocessing
time(T)time(T)
PowerPowerControlControl
8/14/2019 Doc.: IEEE 802.15!05!0113!02!004a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/doc-ieee-8021505011302004a 52/52
Feb 2005 doc.: IEEE 802.15-05-0113-02-004a
SummaryThe proposed system:• Impulse-radio based system coupled with a
Common ternary signaling allows operation among
different classes of nodes / type of receivers, withvarying cost / power / performance trade-off • Has Band Plan based on multiple 500+MHz bands• Is robust against SOP interference• Is robust against other in-band interference