doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a Project: IEEE P802.15 ... · January 2005 Slide 1 Samsung Electronics...
Transcript of doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a Project: IEEE P802.15 ... · January 2005 Slide 1 Samsung Electronics...
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 1
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area NProject: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (etworks (WPANsWPANs))
Submission Title: [Samsung Electronics (SAIT) CFP Presentation]Date Submitted: [4 January, 2005]Source: [(1) Young-Hwan Kim, Chia-Chin Chong, Su Khiong Yong, Jae-Hyon Kim, Seong-Soo Lee
(2) A. S. Dmitriev, A. I. Panas, S.O. Starkov, Yu.V. Andreyev, E.V. Efremova, L.V. Kuzmin(3) Haksun Kim, Jaesung Cha]
Company: [(1) Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT))(2) Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics (IRE)(3) Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd.]
Address: [(1) RF Technology Group, Comm. & Networking Lab., P. O. Box 111, Suwon 440-600, Korea.(2) Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Mokhovaya Street, Moscow 103907, Russia Federation.(3) 314, Maetan-3Dong, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea 443-743]
Voice: [+82-31-280-6865], FAX: [+82-31-280-9555], E-Mail: [[email protected]]Re: [Response to IEEE 802.15.4a Call for Proposals (04/380r2)]
Abstract: [Proposal for the IEEE 802.15.4a PHY standard based on the UWB direct chaotic communications technology.]
Purpose: [Proposal for the IEEE 802.15.4a PHY standard.]
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 2
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Samsung Electronics (SAIT) CFP Presentation for IEEE 802.15.4a
Alternative PHY
Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Korea
UWB Direct Chaotic Communication System
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 3
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Outline• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)• PHY Layer Proposal• System Performance• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)• Ranging Technique• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes• Link Budget & Sensitivity• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility • Scalability• Self-Evaluation• Conclusion
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 4
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Characteristics of Chaotic Signal (1)
• Simple circuits– Chaotic signal can be generated directly into the desired microwave band
by a chaotic generator
• Low cost implementation– The simple circuit leads to low cost product
• Multipath resistance– Wideband signal is very immune against multipath fading
• Good spectral properties– Non-periodic with a flat (or tailored) spectrum
• Flexibility– Chaotic radio pulse with different time duration can have the same
bandwidth
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 5
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Characteristics of Chaotic Signal (2)
Time, ns
Am
plitu
de
Time, nsTime, ns
Am
plitu
de
Frequency, GHzPS
D, d
BFrequency, GHzFrequency, GHz
PSD
, dB
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 6
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Characteristics of Chaotic Signal (3)
f
S(f)
∆f
T
3T
t
t
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 7
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Direct Chaotic Communication (DCC)
• Chaotic source generates oscillations directlyin a specified microwave band.
• Information component is put into the chaotic carrier using the stream chaotic radio pulses.
• Information is retrieved from the chaotic radio pulses without intermediate heterodyning.
• Most simple non-coherent receiver is used.
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 8
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Direct Chaos Generator
Binary Information
Frequency Spectrum
Time Signal
Chaotic Radio Pulse
Direct Chaotic Signal Generation
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 9
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Oscillator circuit
Experiment device
Chaotic Generator Model
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 10
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Chaotic Mathematical Model• 2nd order differential equation implemented by
ODE with 4.5 freedom
45525555
34424444
23323333
1222
22222
511 )(
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xmFxxT
α=ω+α+
α=ω+α+
α=ω+α+
ω=ω+α+
=+
System Equations Runge-Kutta Method
y(1) = (m*Fx5 - X1)/T; y(2) = W1*W1*(X1- X3);y(3) = X2 - A1*X3;y(4) = A2*y3-W2*W2*X5;y(5) = X4 - A2*X5;y(6) = A3*y(5)-W3*W3*X7;y(7) = X6 - A3*X7;y(8) = A4*y(7)-W4*W4*X9;y(9) = X8 - A4*X9;
⎥⎦
⎤⎢⎣
⎡ +−−+−−+=
2)( 22
11
ezezezezMzFNonlinearity
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 11
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Outline• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)• PHY Layer Proposal• System Performance• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)• Ranging Technique• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes• Link Budget & Sensitivity• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility • Scalability• Self-Evaluation• Conclusion
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 12
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
31 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11Freq, GHz
Pow
erSp
ectr
um, d
Bm
/MH
z
FCC Spectrum Mask for UWB
5 GHzWLAN
2.4 GHzWLAN,
Bluetooth
-41.325
GPS0.96-1.61
Frequency Band Plan (1)
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 13
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Frequency Band Plan (2)
• Operating Frequency: 3.1–5.1 GHz• Why Lower Band?
– Limitation in the technical capabilities of integrated circuit implementation at higher frequency.
– Limit of low cost ICs beyond 6 GHz.– Prevent coexistence with 5 GHz WLAN band.– Use as much bandwidth as possible to maximize the emitted
power and follows FCC rules i.e. >500MHz.• Can be easily change to use higher band if
necessary or when cheap technologies available in the future.
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 14
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
3 4 5Freq,GHz
3 4 5Freq,GHz
Subband fc, GHz fL, GHz fR, GHz1 3,35 3,1 3,62 3,85 3,6 4,13 4,35 4,1 4,64 4,85 4,6 5,1
• 500 MHz bandwidth at –10 dB• Spaced 500 MHz away
4 sub-bands for 4 simultaneously operating piconets (SOPs)
Frequency Band Plan (3)
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 15
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
FCC UWB Emission Mask
Frequency, GHz
UW
B E
IRP
Emis
sion
Lev
el in
dB
m
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 16
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Modulation Schemes
• Various modulation schemes can be deployed:– On-off-keying (OOK)– Differential-chaos-shift-keying (DCSK)– Pulse-position modulation (PPM)
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 17
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Why OOK ?
• Advantages:– It has less complexity– It has 3 dB more energy efficiency that
PPM & DCSK → battery saving– DCSK waste of 3 dB energy on reference
pulses• Disadvantages:
– It requires non-zero threshold
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 18
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
energy-per-bit distributions
“1”
“0”
“0”
constant threshold
energy-per-bit distributions
At maximum distance (i.e. 30 m) →minimum SNR
At minimum distance (i.e. 1 m) →maximum SNR
Eb/N0
Eb/N0
Once set, threshold is constant!
“1”
Threshold Estimation
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 19
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
DCC-OOK Transmitter & Receiver
Direct Chaos Generator
…1001011
ReceiverTransmitter
Threshold decision
(…)2
Envelope detector
MultipathChannel
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 20
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
DCC-OOK Transceiver Architecture (1)
• Very simple modulation scheme: on-off power supply is used for modulation
• Additional power savingB
asebandProcessor
MA
C
SRAM
TX RF Part
ADC
1 7;
2 6;
12 3
75
5
4
3
4
6RX RF Part
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 21
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
DCC-OOK Transceiver Architecture (2)
Transmitter RF Part
Receiver RF Part
Chaotic Oscillator
Piconet Filter
Power Amplifier
To switch
EnvelopeDetector
Piconet Filter LNA
From switch
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 22
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
0 2 4 6 8 10-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Frequency [GHz]
Nor
mal
ized
Pow
er S
pect
ral D
ensi
ty
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
Time (s)
Am
plitu
deSignal Waveforms and Spectrum
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Time, t [ns]
Am
plitu
de
0 5 10 15-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Frequency [GHz]
Nor
mal
ized
Pow
er S
pect
ral D
ensi
ty
Signal of chaotic generator
OOK modulated signal
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 23
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Data Frame Structure
PPDU
Octets:
PHY Layer
PreambleSequence
4 1
FrameLength
SFD
1
SHR PHR PSDU
MPDU
32
FrameControl
AddressField
Data Payload FCS
Octets: 2 1 4-20 2
MAC Sublayer
n
MHR MSDU MFR
38Octets:
MHR : MAC Header
MFR : MAC Footer
SHR : Synchronization Header
PHR : PHY HeaderSeq.No.
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 24
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
PHY Data Frame Structure
Preamble SFD PHR PSDU
4 + 1 + 1 Bytes 32 Bytes
1 0bits
Ts
Tm
Ts = 100 ns : Pulse emission time
Tm = 200 ns : Pulse bin width or
Bit periodTm
Ts
PPDU (38 Bytes)
Nominal PHY-SAP payload bit rate, X0 = (1/200ns)×(1000/1024) = 4.88Mbps
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 25
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Data Throughput
Data Frame 1 (38 bytes) Data Frame 2 (38 bytes)ACK (11 bytes)
t ACK LIFS
Time for acknowledged transmission, ttransmission
ttransmission = tdata-frame + t ACK + t ACK-frame + LIFS= (38×8×200ns) + 40µs + (11×8×200ns) + 90µs= 208.4µs
t data-frame t ACK-frame
Nominal Data Throughput, T0 = (32×8/208.4µs)×(1000/1024) = 1.2Mbps
…
Packet 1
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 26
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Example of Operation at 1 kbps (1)
• There are 2 methods of operation in order to achieve 1 kbps data rate:1. The device transmits several packets in
succession, so that the overall data volume is 1kbit i.e. 1024 bits, then falls silent till the beginning of the next second.
2. The device transmits one packet of data at a time with long pauses between the packets, so that total data volume over 1 second is 1kbit. In the beginning of the next second the device wakes up and transmits another 1kbit portion of data.
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 27
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Example of Operation at 1 kbps (2)
ttransmission
Packet 1 Packet 2 Packet 3 Packet 4
1024 bits in 1 second
tidle-1kbps
• To achieve effective data rates of 1 kbps using 32-bytes PSDU, 4 packets need to be transmitted in 1 second.
• The idle time for the above system is tidle-1kbps ≈ 250 ms.
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 28
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Data Rates and Range
System supports data rates:• 1 kbps• 10 kbps• 1 Mbps• 40 kbps (optional)• 160 kbps (optional)• Aggregated bit rate up to 5 Mbps
System supports ranges:• Range from 0 to 30 m (typical)• Range up to 100 m (max 10 kbps data rate)
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 29
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Outline• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)• PHY Layer Proposal• System Performance• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)• Ranging Technique• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes• Link Budget & Sensitivity• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility • Scalability• Self-Evaluation• Conclusion
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 30
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Ts = 100 ns, Tm = 200 ns
Ts
Tm
Signal structure (OOK)AWGN Channel
Eb/N0, dB
BE
R
AWGN Performance
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 31
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Ts = 100 ns, Tm = 200 ns
time, ns
Ts
Tm
Signal structure
Multipath channels
Eb/N0, dB
BE
R
Multipath Performance (1)
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 32
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
PER
Eb/N0, dB
Multipath Performance (2)Multipath channels
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 33
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Outline• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)• PHY Layer Proposal• System Performance• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)• Ranging Technique• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes• Link Budget & Sensitivity• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility • Scalability• Self-Evaluation• Conclusion
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 34
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
SOP
• Two methods to achieve SOP:1. Frequency division multiplexing (FDM)
• Four independent frequency channels on 500 MHz guaranties simultaneously operating four piconets with aggregated bit rate up to 5 Mbps in each of them
2. Code division multiplexing (CDM)
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 35
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
3 4 5Freq,GHz
3 4 5Freq,GHz
Subband fc, GHz fL, GHz fR, GHz1 3,35 3,1 3,62 3,85 3,6 4,13 4,35 4,1 4,64 4,85 4,6 5,1
• 500 MHz bandwidth at –10 dB• Spaced 500 MHz away
4 sub-bands for 4 simultaneously operating piconets (SOPs)
SOP: FDM
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 36
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
SOP: CDM
Piconet 1
one bit position200 ns
“1” “0”
- chaotic radio pulse
- silence
Piconet 2
Piconet 3
Piconet 4
• Within each piconet, the codes are orthogonal.• Between piconets, codes are not orthogonal, however are separable.• Piconets are independent.• Adding signal of one other piconet doesn’t cause errors.
System of codes
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 37
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
SOP: CDM (2)1. Received and detected signal is divided in two branches where it
is multiplied by mask corresponding to “1” or “0”. Each piconethas its own masks, defined by the piconet code.
2. Energy in every branch is measured.
3. Decision on “1” or “0” depends on which branch has higher energy.
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 38
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Outline• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)• PHY Layer Proposal• System Performance• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)• Ranging Technique• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes• Link Budget & Sensitivity• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility • Scalability• Self-Evaluation• Conclusion
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 39
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Ranging Algorithm (1)
yes
yes
yes
no
start both pulse sources & counter N3
no
1st delayed pulse?
start counter N1
1st overlap match?
stop N1 & N3, start N2
last overlap match?
no
stop N2, calculate Tx
•Counter N1 counts delayed pulses
•Counter N2 counts overlaps between delayed pulses(2.5000 MHz) and reference pulses(2.5125 MHz)
•Counter N3 counts reference pulses
2.5125 MHz Pulse source
2.5000 MHz Pulse source
N3 N1
Overlap detector
N2
delay
Digital Block
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 40
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Overlapping of Delayed & Reference Pulses
Delayed pulse
Reference pulse
Pulse overlap
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 41
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Ranging Algorithm (2)
t0 t1 t2 t3
С1
С2
С3
Tx
N1
N2
N3
Tx= (N3+0.5∗N2)/f1 –(N1+0.5∗N2)/f0
distanceS = 0.5*c*(Tx-τ0)
N1, N2, N3 –pulse numbers
τ0 – retranslation time
Operation time of counters C1,C2,C3.
t**
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 42
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Effect of Jitter on Ranging Precision
jitter, nsrang
ing
erro
r var
ianc
e, c
m
time, ns
ns98.4=σ
Pulse Jitter
1000 estimates
100 series of 10 averaged estimates
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 43
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Effect of Noise on Ranging Precision
Eb/N0, dB
Pre
cisi
on, c
m
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 44
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Outline• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)• PHY Layer Proposal• System Performance• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)• Ranging Technique• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes• Link Budget & Sensitivity• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility • Scalability• Self-Evaluation• Conclusion
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 45
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Power Consumption (1)
Tx
RxCU
Transceiver
Pe is emitted power, η is efficiency,ηbest is the best of all possible efficiencies,
Pin is instantaneous emission power, Te is time of emission for given transmission rate,
Tbit is duration of one bit, V is transmission rate,Cb is battery capacity,
Ub is battery voltage.
Operation time Toper
ControlUnit
Toper = Cb · Ub / Pav
Pav = PTx + PRx + PCU
PTx = Pe / η PRx = Pe / ηbest
Pe = Pin · Te = 1/4 · Pin · Tbit · V
Average power consumption Pav
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 46
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
16.40.1% duty cycle8 mW2·10-11000
1510% duty cycle87.5 µW2·10-310
8.3100% duty cycle15.5 µW2·10-41
Continuous operation time AAA battery, years
Average Power Consumption Pav
(η = 5%)
Average Emitted Power
Pe, mW
Transmission Rate V,
kbps
PCU = 7.5 µW ; Ub = 1.5 V ; Cb = 750 mAh
Example:Pin = 4 mW ; ηbest = 5%;
V = 1 kbps; Tbit = 200 ns; η = 5%
Pe = 1/4 · Pin · Tbit · V = 0.2 µW
Pav = PTx + PRx + PCU = Pe /η + Pe /ηbest + PCU = 15.5 µW
Power Consumption (2)
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 47
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Power Management Modes
FilterFilter DetectorDetector
Wake Up Radio
Wake Up Signal
MainTransceiver/Receiver
Correlator Detector
Power
Wake Up Structure
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 48
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Outline• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)• PHY Layer Proposal• System Performance• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)• Ranging Technique• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes• Link Budget & Sensitivity• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility • Scalability• Self-Evaluation• Conclusion
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 49
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Link Budget & Sensitivity
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 50
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Outline• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)• PHY Layer Proposal• System Performance• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)• Ranging Technique• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes• Link Budget & Sensitivity• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility• Scalability• Self-Evaluation• Conclusion
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 51
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
ChaoticGenerator
Piconet Filter
Modulator(OOK)
Power Amplifier
information
AntennaSwitch
Low NoiseAmplifier
Piconet Filter
Detector( ⋅ )2
Low PassfilterRecover
Information
ProbingGenerator
2.5000 MHz
Ref.Generator
2.5125 MHzCounter 1
Counter 2
Counter 3
DSPBlock
Baseband (Digital)
RangingArchitectureRange
RF PHY
MAC
TransceiverArchitecture
Transceiver Architecture
Wake up
Sleep
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 52
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Unit Manufacturing Cost & Complexity (1)
• RF part of the transceiver:– Chaos oscillator in 3.1-5.1 GHz frequency band
with 10 dBm output power amplifier (common complexity is equivalent to 4 power amplifiers)
– Switch-modulator – LNA (amplification 30-35 dB)– Tunable filter with bandwidth 500 MHz (in band
3.1-5.1 GHz)– Envelope detector– Antennas– No: mixers, correlators, RF VCO
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 53
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Unit Manufacturing Cost & Complexity (2)
• Baseband part of the transceiver:– Reference oscillator – 20 MHz– Bandpass amplifiers– Threshold detector or 4 bit A/D converter– Frequency Synthesizer on 2.5125 MHz (for
ranging)– Digital part with ~ 10K gates
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 54
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Size & Form Factor
PHY–level (130 nm technology)
• RF part of transceiver < 0.3 mm2
• Analog part of transceiver PHY–level baseband < 0.2 mm2
• Digital part of transceiver PHY–level baseband < 0.3 mm2
____________________________________________________• Common layout square for PHY-level < 1.0 mm2
• Antenna: 2.0 x 2.0 cm2
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 55
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Technical Feasibility (1)
UWB DCC-OOK Test-bed
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 56
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Technical Feasibility (2)
DCC-OOK Experiment: 3.1-5.1 GHz
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 57
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Outline• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)• PHY Layer Proposal• System Performance• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)• Ranging Technique• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes• Link Budget & Sensitivity• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility• Scalability• Self-Evaluation• Conclusion
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 58
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Scaling Parameters• Scalability is the tradeoff between
– Bit rate– Power consumption– Range– Complexity / Cost
• PHY mechanisms used– Transmit power control
• Used with local Link Quality Indication/RSSI– Dynamic frequency selection
• Invoked if link quality falls below some threshold• Applications (Samsung)
– Home usage/Smart home (1kbps - 20 to 30m)– Communication and networking (1kbps - 20 to 30m)– Directly also means type of multipath channel
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 59
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
What can be scaled?• Power consumption (depending on the occupancy of the
bandwidth of the chaotic signal, say 75%)– Scalable up to 0.11mW based on data rate and distance– Packet transmission followed by sleep mode– Duty cycle
• Data rate– Scalable from 1kbps – 1Mbps
• Range:– Scalable with coding, lower bit duration (up to the optimum
value), power consumption.• Complexity
– Lower complexity, lower performance system possible– Scale with future CMOS process improvements
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 60
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Outline• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)• PHY Layer Proposal• System Performance• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)• Ranging Technique• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes• Link Budget & Sensitivity• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility • Scalability• Self-Evaluation• Conclusion
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 61
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Self-Evaluation
+A5.11Power Consumption
+A5.10Power Management & Modes
+A5.9Sensitivity
+A5.8Link Budget
+A5.7Ranging
+A5.6System Performance
+A5.4Simultaneous Operating Piconets
+A5.3.1PHY-SAP Payload Bit Rate and Data Throughput
+A5.2Size and Form Factor
+A3.5Scalability
+A3.4Technical Feasibility
+A3.1Unit Manufacturing Complexity
Proposer ResponseImportance LevelRef.Criteria
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 62
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Outline• Characteristics of Chaotic Signal• Principle of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC)• PHY Layer Proposal• System Performance• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)• Ranging Technique• Power Consumption & Power Management Modes• Link Budget & Sensitivity• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility • Scalability• Self-Evaluation• Conclusion
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 63
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Conclusions
• Chaotic communications meet the low power, low cost & low complexity requirements →best suited for 15.4a applications.
• Proposed DCC-OOK compliant with FCC UWB PSD regulation.
• Feasibility and scalability are guaranteed with precision ranging and SOP capabilities.
• The implemented test bed demonstrated that the feasibility of DCC technology.
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 64
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Backup Slides
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 65
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Summary of Features
Up to 5 MbpsAggregated bit rate
2.5 year0.1% duty
cycle
2.5 year10% duty
cycle
2.5 year100% duty
cycleBattery life
-20 dBm-20 dBm-30 dBmTransmit power
100 Kbps10 Kbps1 KbpsIndividual bit rate200 nsPulse duration
4 channels with 500 MHz in each 2.0 GHz bandChannel bandwidth
3 bands within FCC Mask(3.1-5.1, 6.1-8.1 and 8.2-10.2 GHz)Band division
Chaotic radio pulsesInformation carrier
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 66
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Tiny Chaos Transmitterfor Wireless Communications
Transmitter consists of:- chaos generator
- modulator- antenna
Frequency band - 2-4 GHzRadiating power - 3-4 mw
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 67
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
DCSK: Compatible Modulation Scheme for Direct Chaotic Communication
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 68
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Outline• General Overview• Characteristics of DCSK • Principle of Differential Chaotic Shift Keying
(DCSK) Modulation• Simultaneously Operating Piconets (SOP)• Ranging Technique• Scalability• Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility• Link Budget & Sensitivity• Conclusion
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 69
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
General Overview
• Direct Chaotic Signal can be applied to the Differential Chaos Shift Keying (DCSK) modulation scheme as an alternative to OOK DCC
• The Chaotic properties are maintained as in the case of the OOK
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 70
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Characteristics of DCSK
• Direct Chaotic Shift Keying (DCSK)– same data rate as in the proposed OOK– Constant decision threshold in the receiver– SOP can be achieved by transmitting
different Chaotic pulse length
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 71
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Principle of DCSK Modulation(1)
• DCSK transmits a reference chaotic pulse and an information data pulse depending on whether information bit 1 (same ref. chaotic pulse) or 0 (inverted of the chaotic pulse) is being transmitted
• The information signal can be recovered by a correlator.
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 72
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Principle of DCSK Modulation (2)
Transmitter Receiver
Chaotic
Generator
Delay
T/2
-1
Data Bit Stream
Delay
T/2
Integrator
T/2
T
T/2
Threshold
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1810-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/No
BE
R
OOKDCSK
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1810-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Eb/No
BE
R
OOK Vs DCSK
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 73
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
SOP (1)
• In DCSK SOP can be done using Chaotic Length Division Multiple Access (LDMA)
• LDMA works based on the exploitation of different chaotic length assigned to each piconets.
• LDMA is based on the spectral and correlation property of chaotic signal
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 74
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
SOP (2)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000-5
0
5P iconet1
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000-5
0
5P iconet2
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000-5
0
5P iconet3
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000-5
0
5P iconet4
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000-10
0
10A ll
PiconetPiconet 1 1
PiconetPiconet 1 User 1 User
Detection Detection
PiconetPiconet 2 2
PiconetPiconet 3 3
PiconetPiconet 4 4
-20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 010-3
10 -2
10 -1
100
S /N
BE
R
4 Us ers
8M bps5M bps
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 75
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
D D
TxTx
--11 D D
RxRx
dd
ΣΣ
oror
Data Bit StreamData Bit Stream D = Constant, d = VariableD = Constant, d = Variable
ChaoticChaoticSource Source
Variable Delay d
Chaotic DCSK Correlation Property
SOP (2)
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 76
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Ranging Technique
• Ranging technique used is the same as OOK proposal.
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 77
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Scalability (1)
• Scalability can be achieved using– Chaotic gain– Varying bit duration– Duty cycle– Repeated transmission of information
bearing chip.
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 78
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Chaotic Gain in DCSK
-20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -1010
-3
10-2
10-1
100
S/N
BE
R
Gain
5Mbps4Mbps2Mbps0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
- 5
0
5
0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0- 5
0
5
0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0- 5
0
5
Bit = 1 0
200 nsec
250 nsec
500 nsec
5 Mbps
4 Mbps
1 Mbps
1
Scalability (2)
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 79
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Scalability (3)
100 101 102 103 10410-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Processing Gain
Erro
r Pro
babi
lity
5Mbps, 12dB1Mbps,10dB 5Mbps, 10dB1Mbps, 12dB
T
T
T
Duty Cycle
Repeated transmission
Bit duration
Scalability: varying bit duration
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 80
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Complexity, Cost & Technical Feasibility
• Complexity and cost will be slightly higher compare to the OOK chaotic system proposed
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 81
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Link Budget & Sensitivity
0.50.5Code rate
202Raw bit rate, kbps
44.544.5Path loss at 1 m (L1), dB
-109-119Rx sensitivity level, dB
11.511.5Link Margin at 30 m (M=PR-PN-S-I), dB
44Implementation loss (I), dB
1414Minimum Eb/No (S), dB
-127-137Total average noise power per bit (PN=N+NF), dBm
7.07.0Rx noise figure referred to the antenna terminal (NF), dB
-134.0-144.0Average noise power per bit (N=-174+10*log10(Rb)), dBm
-97.5-107.5Rx Power at 30 m (PR=PT+GT+GR-L1-L2), dBm
-3-3Rx antenna gain (GR), dB
00Tx antenna gain (GT), dB
3030Path loss at 30 m (L2), dB
3.353.35Geometric central frequency Fc, GHz
-20-30Average Tx Power (PT), dBm
-30-40Duty cyrcle, dB
101Throughput (Rb), Kbps
ValueValueParameter
January 2005
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SAIT)Slide 82
doc.: IEEE 15-05-0030-00-004a
Submission
Conclusion
• Chaotic communication based on DCSK modulation is an alternative solution.
• SOP and ranging can also be solved using DCSK.
• Hardware complexity is slightly higher than OOK since most hardware from OOK is retained.