Do Now – Write something in your notebook that you know about China’s culture, history, etc.,
Transcript of Do Now – Write something in your notebook that you know about China’s culture, history, etc.,
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Do Now – Write something in your notebook that you know about China’s culture, history, etc.,
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Imperialism in China
It’s 1839 and China’s got problems!
Write: “Chapter 12 – Asian Imperialism”at the head of your notes
Queen VictoriaEngland
William II (Wilhelm)Germany
Czar Nicholas IIRussia
Lady LibertyFrench
SamuraiJapan
Qing OfficialChina
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Decline of the Qing dynasty• Entering the 1800s, China is doing well on
its own… but problems arise• The ruling Qing dynasty declined because
of internal and external pressures:
1. Internal – corruption, peasant unrest, incompetence, growing population, food shortages
2. External – intense external pressure applied to Chinese society by the modern West
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British frustrations in China
• *China, largest untapped market in Eastern Asia
• British restricted to a small trading outpost in Guangzhou (GWONG JO)
• British have an unfavourable balance of trade with China
• *GUESS! What is Britain’s response?
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Opium trade
• British start selling Opium – highly addictive drug – make a huge profit
• Opium is grown in northern India under the British East India Company and then shipped directly to Chinese markets.
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• Opium destroys the Chinese workforce, creates entire generations of drug-addicts
• Chinese had already made trade of opium illegal
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Do Now
• Read Chinese ambassador, Lin Zexu’s (ghee-shoe) appeal to Queen Victoria. What was he asking for? Imagine you are Queen Victoria – write a brief response.
The British and the Queen ignore the Chinese appeals to stop the sale of Opium – the Chinese are left with no alternative but to resist.
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• Chinese government blockades Guangzhou.• Chinese try to force traders to surrender their chests of opium• Britain responds with force, OPIUM WARS 1839-1842• Chinese humiliated - British easily defeat the less developed military
Safari Montage Video – China (Chapter 1, second section – 3 min 6 sec)
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Treaty of Nanjing, 1842
1. Chinese open 5 coastal ports to British trade2. Limit taxes on British goods3. Chinese pay for the costs of the war4. Chinese give British island of Hong Kong
*Extraterritoriality – Europeans living in sections of China were subject to their own (European) laws, not Chinese law.
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Imagine you are…
• Explain your feelings about the Treaty of Nanjing – what are your choices? If you were the following people:
1. A Chinese merchant trader working in a seaport that has just been opened to trade
2. A Chinese peasant who has been asked to pay extra taxes to pay for the war, who also is asked to grow more rice for trade
3. Captain of a ship in the British East India Company
4. A Christian missionary from Europe living in China
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Consider:Why are European countries concerned about the Tai
Ping Rebellion?
What does Mr. Mooney mean when he says, ‘the West,’ or ‘Westernize’?
Bonus Question!
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Tai Ping Rebellion (1850-1864)
• Peasant revolt led by Hong Xiaquan• Leads to civil war
– Fighting for rights• Land ownership• Equal rights for women
• Chinese government seeks help from Western armies (British)
• 20 million people die• China begins to “westernize” or
modernize as a result
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Open Door Policy
• British and U.S. pressure force China to open ports to all
• France, Germany, Japan also get access – each nation gets their own coastal area of China
• Spheres of Influence develop
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Consider…
• The Boxer Rebellion, also known as the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, derives its name from what practice or idea?
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Consider…
• The Boxer Rebellion – What is the goal?
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Boxer Rebellion
1898-1901
• Angry at western influence, a group of “shadow boxers” target violence at Christian missionaries
• International Army puts down rebellion
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China “Resists” and is Broken
• The Opium War
• Treaty of Nanjing
• Tai Ping Rebellion
• Spheres of Influence & the Open Door Policy
• Boxer Rebellion
Hong Xiuquan
Guang Xu
Empress Dowager Cixi
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Spheres of Influence – Areas where imperial powers had exclusive trading rights
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China “Resists” and is Broken• The Opium War
– 1 sentence summary
• Treaty of Nanjing– 1 sentence summary
• Tai Ping Rebellion– 1 sentence summary
• Spheres of Influence & the Open Door Policy– 1 sentence summary
• Boxer Rebellion – 1 sentence summary
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• The Opium War– Great Britain is importing (smuggling) Opium into China: leads to greater demand (spending more
money) as large portion of population becomes addicted.– China asked G.B. to stop opium imports, but G.B. refuses leads to war.– Opium war is a complete disaster for Chinese: do not have military technology to face G.B.– Lose war and are have to sign treaty of Nanjing 1842– Results in weakening of Chinese authority over own country
• Treaty of Nanjing- Forced opening of Chinese ports to foreign trade- Island of Hong Kong is given to Great Britain - China has to pay G.B. back for the costs of the war
• Tai Ping Rebellion– Chinese revolt- raising up against Manchu (Chinese) gov’t– Chinese gov’t needs western intervention to defeat rebels
• Spheres of Influence & the Open Door Policy
– Weakened by Opium War and Tai Ping rebellion other countries force open the door of China to other foreign powers.
– Other countries like France, Russia, and Japan create “spheres of influence” across China.
• Boxer Rebellion – Peasant uprising that attempted to drive all foreigners out of China – Name comes from boxing “rituals” that they practiced– Boxers targeted Christian missionaries – An international army was sent in to put down the rebellion- peace agreement signed in 1901
China “Resists” and is Broken
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Do NowWhat could other Asian countries learn from China’s
experience?
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• WHAT WAS THE PURPOSE OF COMMODORE MATTHEW PERRY’S EXPEDITION TO JAPAN?
Ch. 12 Sect. 2 – Imperialism in Japan
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Imperialism in Japan
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An End to Isolation
• Tokugawa shogunate had isolated Japan from virtually all contact from the outside world.
• Only maintained formal relations with Korea, and informal trading links with Dutch and Chinese merchants at Nagasaki.
• Foreign shipwrecked sailors were held captive, displayed in cages
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Perry Expeditions• 1853, Commodore
Matthew Perry, fleet of American warships arrive in Edo Bay (Tokyo).
• Perry sought to, “bring a singular and isolated people into the family of civilized nations”
• Brought with him a letter from president Millard Fillmore
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Fillmore’s Letter…
1. Asked for better treatment of sailors shipwrecked on the Japanese islands
2. Opening of foreign relations between the United States and Japan
• Question ultimately decided by the guns of Commodore Perry’s ships.
• Under military pressure, Japan granted concessions, or political compromises
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Treaty of Kanagawa
1. Opened new ports to Western traders, and established a U.S. consulate in Japan.
2. Japan learns from China*
* Japan eventually recognizes that colonies provided Western powers with sources of raw materials, inexpensive labor, and markets for their manufactured products.
Motto becomes, “Strengthen the army”
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ReformWhat was the Meiji
Restoration?
Meiji Emperor 1867-1912Emperor Mutsuhito
Pronounced May-jee
• Set of reforms to Japan put in place by new emperor (Shogun is eliminated)
• Industrialize (modern industry/railroad)
• Model Gov’t after West• Universal Education• Land ownership• Build Military
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The Meiji Restoration marks a major change to Japanese
society • One example – the
samurai class is eliminated
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If you can’t beat em, join em…
• To compete, Japan would also have to expand.• Goes to war with China over control of Korea,
• Japan wins, also acquires Taiwan • Defeat Russia’s Baltic fleet in the Russo-Japanese War 1905
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• Meiji Restoration- Unites the Japanese nation under a single ceremonial ruler- the emperor.
- His advisers were the ones running the country
- Abolition of feudalism gave Japanese people opportunities to work in new fields brought on by the Industrial Revolution
- Government promoted this industrial reform by paying for then selling to private individuals
- Gov’t introduced national education system- most Japanese attended public school for 6 years
- Created a Constitution and an elected parliament- governments just like they had in the west
- Changed legal system - Western nations recognized these changes and acknowledge Japan as an equal
• Imperialist Japan– Japan begins to conquer foreign lands
• Takes over Korea, Part of China, and Taiwan
– Creates a Sphere of Influence in China – but forced to return by European nations– Defeats Russia in war to protect its colony of Korea
Japan Reforms and Joins the West
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Western Influences
• What does Japan take from the West?
Influences• Constitution modeled after
Germany• Established Colonial Empire• Compulsory military service• Women’s Rights Movement• Universal Education• Baseball introduced
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Looking ahead:
The Americas
Who had control of South America leading up to the 1800s?
Not sure?
Consider the language of the people…
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Who might the figures in the picture represent?
What might be the suggestion?
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Latin America
• It is called Latin America because people speak either Spanish or Portuguese, both of which are derived from Latin
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Central America
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Today in Class:
The United States &
Imperialism
Do NowWhat is the
Monroe Doctrine?
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The Monroe Doctrine• After the Napoleonic
wars, Spain and Portugal wanted their colonies back
• The United States wanted to see the new republics stay independent
• In 1823 President James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine warning Europeans to stay out of the Americas, and the US would stay out of Europe
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Spanish-American War
1898 - Why attack the Philippines?
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• The United States fights Spain so that Cuba may become independent.
• The United States gains land– Guam (Pacific Island)– The Philippines – Puerto Rico
Spanish-American War
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• 1904 – Roosevelt Corollary – extension of the Monroe Doctrine that states the U.S. has the right to be “an international police power” in the Western Hemisphere
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Panama Canal
• US wanted to build a canal through Colombia to cut sailing time from the east coast to the west coast in half
• Colombia wouldn’t give or sell us land so…• Teddy Roosevelt supported a rebellion that led to
Panama becoming independent from Colombia and allowing us to build the canal
• The canal opened in 1914• The U.S. controlled the canal until Dec 31, 1999
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Like water steps,A system of channel locks raise and lower ships across the change in elevation.
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China “Resists” and is Broken
• The Opium War– 1 sentence summary
• Treaty of Nanjing– 1 sentence summary
• Tai Ping Rebellion– 1 sentence summary
• Spheres of Influence & the Open Door Policy– 1 sentence summary
• Boxer Rebellion – 1 sentence summary
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Japan Reforms and Joins the West
• Perry Expeditions & the Treaty of Kanagawa– 1 sentence summary
• Meiji Restoration– 1 sentence summary
• Imperialist Japan– 1 sentence summary
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The United States expands beyond the horizon of the West Coast
• Monroe Doctrine– 1 sentence summary
• Spanish-American War– 1 sentence summary
• Roosevelt Corollary & the Panama Canal– 1 sentence summary