Do Now Describe your position in the classroom using a reference point and a set of reference...
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![Page 1: Do Now Describe your position in the classroom using a reference point and a set of reference directions. Record your response in your science journal.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f115503460f94c2424a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Do Now
Describe your position in the classroom using a reference point and a set of reference
directions.
Record your response in your science journal.
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Objectives
• Describe the motion of an object by the position of the object in relation to a reference point.
• Identify the two factors that determine speed.
•Analyze the relationship between velocity and acceleration.
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Agenda
• Today we will:– Day 1.– Do now– Teacher notes.– Day 2– Lab– Exit ticket
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Vocabulary
motionspeedvelocityacceleration
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Observing Motion by Using a Reference Point
• Motion is an object’s change in position relative to another object, or reference point. The object that appears to stay in place is called a reference point.
• The direction of an object’s motion can be described with a reference direction, such as north, south, east, west, up, or down.
• Common Reference Points The Earth’s surface is a common reference point for determining motion.
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Motion
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key.
Visual Concept
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Speed Depends on Distance and Time
• Speed is the distance traveled by an object divided by the time taken to travel that distance.
• The SI unit for speed is meters per second (m/s). Kilometers per hour (km/h), feet per second (ft/s), and miles per hour (mi/h) are other units commonly used to express speed.
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Speed Depends on Distance and Time, continued
• Determining Average Speed Average speed equals the total distance divided by the total time.
• Recognizing Speed on a Graph Speed can be shown on a graph of distance versus time, as shown on the next slide.
average speed = total distance
total time
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Velocity: Direction Matters
• The speed of an object in a particular direction is called velocity.
• Speed and velocity are two different terms with two different meanings. Velocity must include a reference direction.
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Velocity: Direction Matters, continued
• Changing Velocity You can think of velocity as the rate of change of an object’s position. An object’s velocity is constant only if its speed and direction don’t change.
• Combining Velocities You can combine different velocities to find the resultant velocity. The next slide shows how you can combine velocities to find the resultant velocity.
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Acceleration
• The rate at which velocity changes over time is called acceleration. An object accelerates if its speed, or direction, or both change.
• An increase in velocity is commonly called positive acceleration. A decrease in velocity is commonly called negative acceleration, or deceleration.
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Acceleration, continued
• Calculating Average Acceleration You can find average acceleration by using the equation:
average acceleration= final velocity starting velocity
time it takes to change velocity
• Velocity is expressed in meters per second (m/s), and time is expressed in seconds (s). So acceleration is expressed in meters per second per second, or (m/s)/s, which equals m/s2.
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Acceleration, continued
• Recognizing Acceleration on a Graph Acceleration can be shown on a graph of velocity versus time.
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Acceleration, continued
• Circular Motion: Continuous Acceleration An object traveling in a circular motion is always changing its direction. Therefore, its velocity is always changing, so it is accelerating.
• The acceleration that occurs in circular motion is known as centripetal acceleration.
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Exit Ticket
What is speed, velocity and acceleration?