DNA

"The Blueprint of Life"

DNA stands for...

      DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

DNA FACTS

●established by James Watson and Francis Crick 

     ●Shape of a double

helix

●codes for your genes  (traits)●made of repeating subunits called

nucleotides

What is a nucleotide?

Has three parts:   

PHOSPHATEDEOXYRIBOSE (sugar)BASE  (A,T,G,C)

Phosphate

Sugar

Base

Base-Pair Rule

Adenine <==> Thymine

Guanine <==> Cytosine

The sides of the DNA ladder are phosphate & sugar

held together by  hydrogen bonds

Base Pair Rule

One side:     A   T   A      T   C   A      T   G   C      G   G   G

Other side:

What is the relationship between GENES and DNA?

How the Code Works

The combination of A,T,G,C determines what traits you might have.....

C A T C A T   =  purple hair

T A C T A C  =  yellow hair

Think of the bases of DNA like letters.

Letters form words....

Words form sentences....               *endless               combinations

Let's Review What We Know About DNA1.  DNA stands for:   De _____ ribo ______  acid

2.  What is the shape of DNA? ______________

3.  Who established the structure of DNA?  ____________ and ______________

4.  Adenine always pairs with _______________

5.  The sides of the DNA ladder are deoxyribose and _______________

6.  Guanine always pairs with _____________7.  What is the complementary sequence:   C A T  T  A G

8.  The two sides of DNA are held together by _______ bonds.9.  DNA is composed of repeating subunits called ______________________

10.  What are the 4 bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder? ____________________

DNA REPLICATIONthe process by which DNA makes a copy of itself (cell division)

SEMI-CONSERVATIVE - half of the old strand is saved

http://youtube.com/v/hfZ8o9D1tus

RNA - the messenger *single strand*ribose sugar*contains no thymine, uracil instead

*follows base pair rule, but A U⇒

DNA:   A  T  A   G  C  GRNA:  

RNA carries the "message" to the ribosomes, where proteins are made

What is a gene?

A section of DNA, with many bases that codes for a protein

Results in a TRAIT

Biology 2A Advanced Section

How does DNA make a protein?

DNA -->  RNA -->  Protein

Proteins are the building blocks of the organism (traits)

Transcription -  process where RNA is made from DNA

Translation - process where proteins are made from RNA

http://youtube.com/v/zr_O8aJKHnI