DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid The Blueprint of Life I. DNA Structure & Function.
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Transcript of DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid The Blueprint of Life I. DNA Structure & Function.
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DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
“The Blueprint of Life”
I. DNA Structure & Function
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A. What is DNA?
1. Organic molecule
2. Nucleic acid
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B.Where is it
located?1. Nucleus2. Chromosomes
DNA
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Chromosomes in Nucleus
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C. Structure of DNA
1.Nucleotidesa. Phosphoric Acidb. Deoxyribose sugarc. Nitrogenous bases:
Adenine-ThymineGuanine-Cytosine
2. Ladder Shape 3. Double strand, helix
twist
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Ladder Shape (Sides & Rungs)
Sides:Phosphoric AcidSugarPhosphoric Acid
Rungs:A-TT-AG-CC-G
SugarAcidSugarAcidSugar
T-AG-CC-GA-T
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Watson & Crick’s Double helix:
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D. What is DNA’s Function?
Hereditary InstructionsChemical code for every trait“Blueprint” for making Proteins
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Chromosome DNA Code:
Genes =Segments of DNA Code for a trait
HairColor
EyeColor
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DNA Chromosome Code:
Triplets=
Sets of 3 NucleotidesCode for
Trait
Acid AcidSugar-T-A-SugarAcid AcidSugar-G-C-SugarAcid AcidSugar-C-G-Sugar
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DNA Chromosome Code:Like Morse Code: Hair =
*** *- ** *-*Or DNA
A-T
A-T
G-C
C-G
T-A
C-G
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DNA ReplicationChromosomes doubleMitosisLate Interphase2n to 4n
2N
2N
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E. Steps for DNA Replication:
1. DNA untwists2. DNA unzips3. Corresponding base pairs
Line upIn sets of 3
nucleotides (triplets)Or “codons”
4. DNA reforms 5. 2 strands twist into helix Identical
Strand
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RNA Ribonucleic Acid“DNA messenger & taxi”
II. RNA Structure & Function
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A. What is RNA?1.Organic
Molecule2.Nucleic Acid3.mRNA= messenger tRNA= transfer
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B. Where is RNA located?
1.mRNA in nucleus & cytoplasm
2.tRNA only in cytoplasm
mRNA
mRNA
tRNA
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B. What is RNA’s structure?
AcidSugar-BaseAcidSugar-BaseAcidSugar-BaseAcidSugar-Base
1.Nucleotides=a. Phosphoric Acidb. Ribose sugarc. Nitrogenous
Bases: Adenine-UracilGuanine-Cytocine
2. Single Strand3. No Twisted helix
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Comparison of RNA & DNA:
AcidSugar-BaseAcidSugar-BaseAcidSugar-BaseAcidSugar-Base
Acid Acid
Sugar-Base-Sugar
Acid Acid
Sugar-Base-Sugar
Acid Acid
Sugar-Base-Sugar
Acid Acid
RNA DNA Ladder
Deoxy-riboseRibose
Uracil Thymine
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D. What are RNA’s functions:
1.mRNA=Copies the DNA codeDeliveries message to RibosomeProtein Factories
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Why not send the original DNA code out?
DNA might be damaged!mRNA components are reusedTo copy more messages
Original DNA
mRNA copy
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RNA function cont.2. tRNA:
in cytoplasmPicks up an amino acid“Taxis” the aa to the Ribosome protein factories
tRNA
Aminoacid
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III. Protein Synthesis
Assembling Proteins from the DNA Instructions
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A. Transcription:
1.mRNA is copied off of DNA
2. In nucleus3.Steps:
DNA untwistsDNA unzipsRNA codons line up
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Transcription:mRNA has:Ribose sugarUracil instead of thymine basesNuclear membrane allows it to leave!DNA Code
mRNAA
T
C
G
U
A
G
C
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Transcription in The nucleus
mRNA copyDNA
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B. Translation =Conversion of the message (mRNA Code)Into a proteinBy the ribosome factories
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B.Translation
1.mRNA arrives at the Ribosome
2.tRNA picks up an amino acid
3.tRNA delivers the aa to the ribosome
4.aa are assembled into polypeptide proteins
U A G C
GC
U
A
mRNA code
tRNA taxi
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• tRNA delivers
amino acid
2. Peptide bond forms
3. tRNA leaves ribosome
4. PolypeptideChain of aminoacids grows
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Summary:
DNA Replication:Make duplicate DNAIn nucleusCopy the chromosomesFor Mitosis
Protein Synthesis:
1.Transcrition:Make mRNAFrom DNA
2.Translation:Make proteinOff mRNA codeUsing amino acids