DNA DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID. DNA IS THE GENETIC MATERIAL Only understood hundreds of years after...
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Transcript of DNA DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID. DNA IS THE GENETIC MATERIAL Only understood hundreds of years after...
![Page 1: DNA DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID. DNA IS THE GENETIC MATERIAL Only understood hundreds of years after Mendel How do we know? Read about it before the test to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032706/56649e005503460f94ae8a2f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
D N A
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
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DNA IS THE GENETIC MATERIAL
• Only understood hundreds of years after Mendel
• How do we know? Read about it before the test to answer the Level IV questions
![Page 3: DNA DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID. DNA IS THE GENETIC MATERIAL Only understood hundreds of years after Mendel How do we know? Read about it before the test to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032706/56649e005503460f94ae8a2f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
DNA IS MADE OF NUCLEOTIDES
• 4 different bases, A, G, C and T
![Page 4: DNA DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID. DNA IS THE GENETIC MATERIAL Only understood hundreds of years after Mendel How do we know? Read about it before the test to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032706/56649e005503460f94ae8a2f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
A STRAND OF DNA
• Sugar-phosphate backbone
![Page 5: DNA DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID. DNA IS THE GENETIC MATERIAL Only understood hundreds of years after Mendel How do we know? Read about it before the test to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032706/56649e005503460f94ae8a2f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
DNA IS DOUBLE STRANDED
•Held together by Hydrogen bonds between bases• A T•G C
![Page 6: DNA DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID. DNA IS THE GENETIC MATERIAL Only understood hundreds of years after Mendel How do we know? Read about it before the test to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032706/56649e005503460f94ae8a2f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
DNA FORMS A DOUBLE HELIX
• Suggested in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick• Don’t forget about Rosalin
d Franklin though
![Page 7: DNA DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID. DNA IS THE GENETIC MATERIAL Only understood hundreds of years after Mendel How do we know? Read about it before the test to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032706/56649e005503460f94ae8a2f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
KEY DISCOVERIES OF DNA STRUCTURE
![Page 8: DNA DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID. DNA IS THE GENETIC MATERIAL Only understood hundreds of years after Mendel How do we know? Read about it before the test to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032706/56649e005503460f94ae8a2f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
1. SEQUENCE OF NUCLEOTIDE BASES = CODE.
Stay tuned for C.O. 6.3 for more!
And there are 2 codes!
ATGCTAGGC +TACGATCCG
![Page 9: DNA DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID. DNA IS THE GENETIC MATERIAL Only understood hundreds of years after Mendel How do we know? Read about it before the test to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032706/56649e005503460f94ae8a2f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
2. TWO COMPLEMENTARY STRANDS INCREASES ACCURACY
A G C T A C G C A T C
T C G A T G C G T A G
A G C T A C G C A T C
T C G A T A C G T A G
UV Radiation, Toxic Ooze, Etc.
A G C T A C G C A T C
T C G A T G C G T A G
A G C T A C G C A T C
T C G A T G C G T A G
A G C T A C G C A T C
T C G A T G C G T A G
Yay, I
didn’t get
cancer
![Page 10: DNA DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID. DNA IS THE GENETIC MATERIAL Only understood hundreds of years after Mendel How do we know? Read about it before the test to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032706/56649e005503460f94ae8a2f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
3. EACH STRAND IS A TEMPLATE FOR BUILDING THE OTHER
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DNA PACKAGING
• About 3,000,000,000 base pairs of DNA in every cell• Typing 60 wpm, 8 hours a day it would take you 50 years
to type out your genome
• Split into 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total)
![Page 12: DNA DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID. DNA IS THE GENETIC MATERIAL Only understood hundreds of years after Mendel How do we know? Read about it before the test to.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032706/56649e005503460f94ae8a2f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
WHAT IS A CHROMOSOME?
• A very, very long sequence of DNA, coiled up very tightly• You have 23 pairs, one from mom, one from dad• Except if you are a guy instead of a pair of Xs you have
an X and Y
Why is this in an X? Stay tuned for C.O. 6.2!
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UNDERSTANDING YOUR CHROMOSOMES
• Each chromosome contains thousands of genes, for a total of about 25,000• Genes actually make
up less than 1% of the DNA• What does the rest
do?• That’s what we’re
trying to find out! But it’s got something to do with gene expression!
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DNA WRAPPING
• To understand how DNA is packaged, we will use pipe cleaners to represent segments of a chromosome• Each person begins with one pipe cleaner, which
represents about 8 million base pairs and 150 genes
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DNA IS WRAPPED AROUND HISTONE PROTEINS
• We will use puffballs to represent histone proteins
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WHY DOES THIS MATTER?
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1. CONTROLS ACCESS TO THE DNA AND THUS THE EXPRESSION OF THE DNA
• E.g. epigenetics
Genes are accessible here
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2. DNA MUST FIT IN A SMALL SPACE
• Amount of DNA in your body would go to the sun and back• 600 times!
• Each cell contains 5 feet of DNA packed into a nucleus with a radius of less than a hundredth of a millimeter
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PACKAGE OUR DNA
• Wrap up your DNA in the histone proteins• Connect your DNA to the partners in your
group• Connect your group to the other groups in
the class• How small can we make our DNA!?
• ** not all that small because we used really large histone proteins to help you see what’s happening, but still!