DNA and Protein DNA and Protein SynthesisSynthesis

The building blocks of all nucleic The building blocks of all nucleic acids are the:acids are the:

A.A. NucleotidesNucleotidesB.B. Nitrogen basesNitrogen basesC.C. PeptidesPeptidesD.D.ProteinsProteins

During replication, molecules of During replication, molecules of DNA are most likely separated DNA are most likely separated between the:between the:

A.A. Phosphate and sugarPhosphate and sugarB.B. Ribose and adenineRibose and adenineC.C. Cytosine and guanineCytosine and guanineD.D. Adenine and uracilAdenine and uracil

The triplet TAG is an strand of DNA The triplet TAG is an strand of DNA would be represented by ______ in would be represented by ______ in the tRNA?the tRNA?

A.A. ATCATCB.B. UAGUAGC.C. TAGTAGD.D. AUCAUC

A chain of 60 amino acids A chain of 60 amino acids represents how many nucleotides in represents how many nucleotides in the mRNA chain?the mRNA chain?

– 120120– 3030– 180180– 2020

The DNA molecule is __ charged, The DNA molecule is __ charged, therefore in gel electrophoresis it therefore in gel electrophoresis it migrates toward the __ electrode.migrates toward the __ electrode.

A.A. positive, negativepositive, negative B.B. positive, positivepositive, positive C.C. negative, negativenegative, negative D.D. negative, positivenegative, positive

The agent responsible for cutting The agent responsible for cutting the DNA into fragments is calledthe DNA into fragments is called

A.A. restriction enzymesrestriction enzymes B.B. polymerasepolymerase C.C. ligaseligase D.D. agarose gelagarose gel

If a mutation occurs in a segment of If a mutation occurs in a segment of a DNA molecule, it is reasonable to a DNA molecule, it is reasonable to conclude that:conclude that:

A.A. enzyme synthesis is not affected.enzyme synthesis is not affected.B.B. protein synthesis is unchanged.protein synthesis is unchanged.C.C. the complementary RNA would also be the complementary RNA would also be

altered.altered.D.D. the mutation is harmful to the the mutation is harmful to the

organism.organism.

The structure of a DNA molecule isThe structure of a DNA molecule is A.A. a laddera ladder B.B. a helixa helix C.C. a double helixa double helix D.D. a single stranda single strand

The 3 components of a nucleotide areThe 3 components of a nucleotide are A. 5 carbon sugar, a protein and a A. 5 carbon sugar, a protein and a

phosphate.phosphate. B. 5 carbon sugar, a nitrogen base B. 5 carbon sugar, a nitrogen base

and a phosphate.and a phosphate. C. 5 carbon sugar, a purine and a C. 5 carbon sugar, a purine and a

fatty acid.fatty acid. D. 5 carbon sugar, a pyrimidine and a D. 5 carbon sugar, a pyrimidine and a

fatty acid.fatty acid.

The pyrimidines of DNA areThe pyrimidines of DNA are A.A. thymine and cytosine.thymine and cytosine. B.B. cytosine and guanine.cytosine and guanine. C.C. thymine and guanine.thymine and guanine. D.D. adenine and thymine.adenine and thymine.

The nitrogen base NOT found in The nitrogen base NOT found in DNA isDNA is

A.A. cytosine.cytosine. B.B. adenine.adenine. C.C. uracil.uracil. D.D. thymine.thymine.

If cytosine is 20% of a DNA If cytosine is 20% of a DNA molecule, then what percentage is molecule, then what percentage is thymine?thymine?

A.A. 20%20% B.B. 40%40% C.C. 30%30% D.D. 80%80%

When DNA and RNA are compared:When DNA and RNA are compared:A.A. DNA is found to contain more amino DNA is found to contain more amino

acids than RNA.acids than RNA.B.B. DNA contains a different sugar from DNA contains a different sugar from

RNA.RNA.C.C. the molecules are interchangeable.the molecules are interchangeable.D.D. DNA is single stranded while RNA is DNA is single stranded while RNA is

double stranded.double stranded.

The function of mRNA is toThe function of mRNA is toA.A. bring amino acids to the site of bring amino acids to the site of

protein productionprotein productionB.B. move the ribosome along the copied move the ribosome along the copied

DNA code to produce a proteinDNA code to produce a proteinC.C. carry instruction from the carry instruction from the

chromosomes to the ribosomeschromosomes to the ribosomesD.D. help with the replication of DNA help with the replication of DNA

moleculesmolecules

tRNA functions in the synthesis of tRNA functions in the synthesis of proteins byproteins by

A.A. serving as a base for any amino serving as a base for any amino acid attachment.acid attachment.

B.B. bringing the proper amino-acids to bringing the proper amino-acids to the m-RNA.the m-RNA.

C.C. imitating the transcription process.imitating the transcription process.D.D. transferring ribose sugar to the transferring ribose sugar to the

ribosome.ribosome.

If DNA has the coding AGCTAC If DNA has the coding AGCTAC mRNA will have the correspondingmRNA will have the corresponding

A) UAUGGA.A) UAUGGA. B) UTUGCG.B) UTUGCG. C) UCGAUG.C) UCGAUG. D) TATGGA.D) TATGGA.

The direction of transfer of genetic The direction of transfer of genetic information in most living things isinformation in most living things is

A.A. protein protein DNA DNA RNA RNA B.B. DNA DNA protein protein RNA RNA C.C. DNA DNA RNA RNA protein protein D.D. RNA RNA DNA DNA protein protein

Which of the following events must Which of the following events must occur between mRNA production occur between mRNA production and protein production?and protein production?

A.A. transcriptiontranscription B.B. DNA replicationDNA replication C.C. exons must be removedexons must be removed D.D. introns must be removedintrons must be removed

The process by which a cell reads The process by which a cell reads codons on an mRNA molecule to codons on an mRNA molecule to synthesize a protein is calledsynthesize a protein is called

A.A. transcription.transcription. B.B. translation.translation. C.C. mutation.mutation. D.D. transpiration.transpiration.

If a guanine were to replace a If a guanine were to replace a thymine nitrogen base in a DNA thymine nitrogen base in a DNA chain, this would result in chain, this would result in

A.A. frame-shift mutationframe-shift mutation B.B. point mutationpoint mutation C.C. nondisjunctionnondisjunction D.D. polyploidypolyploidy