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Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases

Map No. 2 Edition 8 Issued October 2007

ISSN 0012-396X CAB International 2007 CABI is a trading name of CAB International

Map N

o. 2

©

Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al. emend. Hauben et al.Bacteria

Present: national record Present: subnational record( C

Hosts: apple (Malus), pear (Pyrus), quince (Cydonia), Cotoneaster, hawthorn (Crataegus),loquat (Eriobotrya), firethorn (Pyracantha), serviceberries (Amelanchier), floweringquinces (Chaenomeles), medlar (Mespilus), Rubus, Sorbus.

Compiled by CABI in association with EPPOwww.cababstractsplus.org/dmpd

CABI/EPPO (2007) Erwinia amylovora. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases No. 2. CABI Head Office, Wallingford, UK.

October 2007 Erwinia amylovora

Map No. 2 (Edition 8)

Note: Syn. Micrococcus amylovorus Burrill 1882, Bacillus amylovorus (Burrill 1882) Trevisan 1889, Bacterium amylovorus (sic) (Burrill 1882) Chester 1897. See CMI Decriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria No. 44.

Records are based on bibliographic data from the CAB ABSTRACTS database, specimens in the IMI Herbarium retained at CABI UK Centre (Egham) and plant quarantine information compiled by EPPO X: Present, no details A: Present: widespread B: Present, restricted distribution C: Present, few occurrences (D): Absent, formerly present (E): Eradicated (F): Intercepted only

EUROPE Albania - X Cariddi, C.; Pace, H.; Myrta, A. (1999) Informatore Fitopatologico 49 (11), 40-44. Isufi, E.; Myrta, A. (1996) Informatore Fitopatologico 46 (1), 33-36. Pace, H.; Mazzucchi, U. (1996) Bulletin OEPP 26 (3/4), 717-719. Austria - X Juen, W.; Bechter, G. (1999) Obstbau Weinbau 36 (4), 131-132. Keck, M. (1994) Besseres Obst 1, 25-26. Keck, M.; Hevesi, M.; Ruppitsch, W.; Stoger, A.; Richter, S. (2002) Plant Protection Science 38

(Special 1), 49-55. Keck, M.; Reich, H.; Chartier, R.; Paulin, J. P. (1996) Acta Horticulturae 411, 9-11. [First recorded in

1993.] Belgium - X Deckers, T. (1996) Parasitica 52 (3), 127-131. Papeians, C. (1992) Fruit Belge 60 (439), 217-222. Timmermans, Y.; Laroche, M. (1987) Acta Horticulturae 217, 133-142. Veldeman, R.; Porreye, W. (1973) Mededelingen Fakulteit Landbouwwetenschappen Gent 38,

1365-1380. Bosnia-Herzegovina

- B Arsenuevic, M.; Panic, M.; Antonuevic, D. (1991) Zastita Bilja 42 (2), 87-97.

Panic, M.; Arsenijevic, M. (1993) Acta Horticulturae 338, 89-91. [Bosanska Gradiska.] Zwet, T. van der; Bonn, W. G. (1999) Acta Horticultura (ISHS) 489, 167-168. Bulgaria - X Bobev, S. G.; Baeyen, S.; Crepel, C.; Maes, M. (2004) Plant Disease 88 (4), 427. [First record on

Pyracantha coccinea.] Bobev, S. G.; Crepel, C.; Maes, M. (1998) Plant Disease 82 (11), 1283. [First record on hawthorn

(Crataegus monogyna) and wild or thorny pear (Pyrus pyraster).] Bobev, S.; Garbeva, P.; Crepel, C.; Maes, M.; Hauben, L. (1999) Acta Horticulturae 489, 121-126. Zwet, T. van der (1996) Acta Horticulturae 411, 7-8. Croatia - X Cvjetkovic, B.; Halupecki, E. (1999) Zbornik predavanj in referatov 4. Slovenskega Posvetovanja o

Varstvu Rastlin v Portorozu od 3. do 4. Marca 1999. 197-200. Cvjetkovic, B.; Halupecki, E.; Spolijaric, J. (1999) Acta Horticulturae 489, 71-77. [First recorded in

1995.] EPPO (1996) EPPO Reporting Service No. 96/004. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection

Organization (EPPO), Paris, France. [Nustar, Osijek, Drenje, Cepin, Petrijevci, Bizovac, Jarmina.] Cyprus - X DEFRA (2005) Fireblight. DEFRA, London, UK.

http://www.defra.gov.uk/planth/pestnote/fireblight.pdf. Psallidas, P. G. (1990) Acta Horticulturae 273, 25-32. Psallidas, P. G.; Dimova, M. (1986) Annales de l'Institut Phytopathologique Benaki 15 (1), 61-70. USTR (2002) Japan - Measures Affecting the Importation of Apples (WT/DS245) Executive

Summary of the Second Written Submission of the United States of America. http://www.ustr.gov/assets/Trade_Agreements/Monitoring_Enforcement/Dispute_Settlement/WTO/Dispute_Settlement_Listings/asset_upload_file124_6335.pdf.

Czech Republic - X EPPO (1997) EPPO Reporting Service No. 97/009. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), Paris, France.

Korba, J.; Patakova, S.; Kudela, V. (1998) Ochrana Rostlin 34 (2), 53-58. [First recorded in Bohemia in 1986.]

Kudela, V. (1988) Sbornik UVTIZ, Ochrana Rostlin 24, 173-182. [First record. Prague.] Denmark - X Anon. (1969) Gesunde Pflanzen 21 (11), 216. Hockenhull, J. (1979) EPPO Bulletin 9, 64-65.

Joergensen, H. A.; Jensen, A. (1978) In: Symposium on fire blight (Ed. by Roosje, G. S.; Meijneke, C. A. R.), 11-14.

Nilsson, N. T. (1969) Danish Frugtavl 41 (9), 256-257 France - X LaRue, P.; Vincent, M. (1990) Acta Horticulturae 273, 57-66. [First recorded in 1972.] Samson, R.; Paulin, J.-P.; Ride, M. (1973) Annales de Phytopathologie 5 (2), 183-186. Mainland France X Anon (1995) Phytoma - La défense des végétaux 478, 4. [Blanzat and Sayat communes, Puy-de-

Dôme.] EPPO (1999) EPPO Reporting Service No. 99/173. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection

Organization (EPPO), Paris, France. [Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region.] Germany - X Berger, F.; Cronfeld, P.; Lex, S.; Vermeulen, M. (2000) Erwerbsobstbau 42 (6), 207-210. Brandt, H. J.; Harzer, U. (1994) Obstbau Weinbau 31 (9), 231-233. Meyer, J. (1973) Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes 25 (10), 153-157. [First

recorded in Schleswig-Holstein in 1971.] Vanneste, J. L.; Vermeulen, M.; Lex, S.; Berger, F. (2002) Acta Horticulturae 590, 89-94. [First

record of natural occurence on Rosa sp.] Greece - X Anon. (1988) FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 6 (1), 46. [First recorded on Crete and Mytilini island in

1986.] DEFRA (2005) Fireblight. DEFRA, London, UK.

http://www.defra.gov.uk/planth/pestnote/fireblight.pdf. Panagopoulos, C. G.; Panoutsos, D. (1987) In: 4th National Phytopathological Conference of the

Hellenic Phytopathological Society, 13-15 October, Athens, Greece. Psallidas, P. G. (1990) Acta Horticulturae 273, 25-32. [First recorded in 1984.] Hungary - X EPPO (2002) EPPO Reporting Service No. 2002/159. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection

Organization (EPPO), Paris, France. [Present in twelve counties.] Hevesi, M. (1996) Novenyvedelem 32 (5), 225-228. [First record.] Lorincz-Izsanyi, G.; Sotonyi, J.; Szakal, M.; Mezo, G.; Simon, Z. (2001) Novenyvedelem 37 (1), 18-

19. Nemeth, J. (1999) Acta Horticulturae 489, 177-185. Ireland - (E) EPPO (2006) EPPO Reporting Service No. 2006/202. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection

Organization (EPPO), Paris, France. Italy - X Angelini, V.; Azzoni, A.; Venturelli, G.; Caserta, S.; Mazzali, G.; Mazza, D.; Reggiani, G. (1998) Atti,

Giornate fitopatologiche, Scicli e Ragusa, 3-7 maggio, 1998 731-734. Benedettini, G.; Bugiani, R.; Calzolari, A.; Finelli, F.; Govoni, P.; Gherardi, M.; Mazzoli, G. L. (2002)

Acta Horticulturae 590, 207-214. Mainland Italy X Gianetti, G.; Garofalo, M. C.; Morone, C.; Scortichini, M. (2004) Informatore Agrario 60 (5), 62-63.

[Piedmont.] Scartezzini, H. (1999) Obstbau Weinbau 36 (7/8), 219-220. [Near the Brenner pass (Colle Isarco,

Vitipeno) in Trentino-Alto Adige.] Latvia - C ProMED (2007) Fireblight, pome fruits - Latvia: 1st report. Archive no.: 20070907.2954.

http://www.promedmail.org. Luxembourg - B Anon. (1984) FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 32 (3), 113. Macedonia - X Arsenijevic, M.; Panic, M.; Antonijevic, D. (1991) Zastita Bilja 42 (2), 87-97. Panic, M.; Arsenijevic, M. (1993) Acta Horticulturae 338, 89-91. [East.] Pejchinovski, F. D. (1996) Acta Horticulturae 411, 17-20. Trajcevski, T. (1999) Macedonian Agricultural Review 46 (1/2), 49-56. Moldova - X Lukitsa, V. I.; Verderevskaia, T. D. (1978) Sadovod Vinograd Vinodel Mold 10, 36-37. Nicolaev, A. N.; Laux, P.; Zeller, W. (2002) Acta Horticulturae 590, 95-98.




Netherlands - X Bradbury, J. F. (1986) Guide to plant pathogenic bacteria. CAB International, Farnham Royal, Slough, UK, 332 pp.

Kleijburg, P. (1979) EPPO Bulletin 9, 69-70. Maas Geesteranus, H. P. (1967) In: Instituut voor Plantenziekten-Kundig Onderzoek, Wageningen -

Annual report for 1966, Institute for Phytopathological Research Wageningen (Ed. by Krijthe, J. M.). Zwet, T. van der (1968) Plant Disease Reporter 52 (9), 698-702. Norway - X Anon. (1987) FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 35 (2), 68. ProMED (2003) Erwinia amylovora found on the south-western coast of Norway. Archive no.:

20030430.1067. http://www.promedmail.org. [Southwestern coast. Under eradication.] Sletten, A. (1987) Norsk Hagetidend 103 (4), 229-230. Sletten, A. (1990) Acta Horticulturae 273, 37-40. Poland - X Borecki, Z.; Basak, W.; Zawadzka, B.; Millikan, D. F. (1967) Plant Disease Reporter 51 (1), 3. [First

record in continental Europe. On pears and apples.] EPPO (1997) EPPO Reporting Service No. 97/009. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection

Organization (EPPO), Paris, France. Sobiczewski, P.; Suski, Z. W. (1988) Bulletin OEPP 18 (3), 375-379. Zandarski, J.; Baginska, H.; Kordyla-Bronka, M. (2001) Zbornik predavanj in referatov 5. Slovensko

Posvetovanje o Varstvu Rastlin, Catez ob Savi, Slovenija, 6. marec-8. marec 2001 427-431. Romania - X Baicu, T.; Severin, V.; Braniste, N.; Rachiteanu, A.; Amzat, V.; Zwet, T. van der (1994) Bulletin

OEPP 24 (1), 129-134. DEFRA (2005) Fireblight. DEFRA, London, UK.

http://www.defra.gov.uk/planth/pestnote/fireblight.pdf. Severin, V.; Constantinescu, F.; Jianu, F. (1999) Acta Horticulturae 489, 79-84. [First recorded on

apple and pear in 1992.] Tomsa, M.; Tomsa, E.; Ungurusan, I.; Cristea, O.; Medar, C.; Bologa, V.; Costea, G. (2002) Revista

Romana de Parazitologie 12 (1), 102-104. Serbia - X Arsenijevic, M.; Panic, M. (1992) Plant Disease 76 (12), 1283. Gavrilovic, V. (1998) Jugoslovensko Vocarstvo 32 (1/2), 127-132. Jovanovic, G.; Arsenijevic, M. (1998) Jugoslovensko Vocarstvo 32 (1/2), 133-140. [Jablanicki

district.] Veljko, G.; Momcilo, A.; Milan, P.; Gordana, J. (1999) Acta Horticulturae 489, 105-106. Slovakia - C EPPO (2005) EPPO Reporting Service No. 2005/090. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection

Organization (EPPO), Paris, France. [Southern, central and western Slovakia.] ProMED (2005) Update on the situation of Erwinia amylovora in Slovakia. Archive no.:

20050107.0038. http://www.promedmail.org. [Mostly in the west. Under eradication.] Slovenia - X Knapic, V.; Potocnik, A.; Skerlavaj, V.; Brecl, A. (2004) Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 34 (3), 351-

356. Knapic, V.; Skerlavaj, V.; Zemijic-Urbancic, M.; Seljak, G.; Brecl, T. (2003) Sodobno Kmetijstvo 36

(6), 36-38. [Gorenjska region.] Pajk, P. (2004) SAD, Revija za Sadjarstvo, Vinogradnistvo in Vinarstvo 15 (5), 10-11. Potocnik, A.; Cvelbar, J. J.; Brecl, A. (2003) Zbornik predavanj in referatov 6. Slovenskega

Posvetovanje o Varstvu Rastlin, Zrece, Slovenije, 4-6 Marec 2003, 112-117. Drustvo za varstvo rastlin Slovenije, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Spain - B Cruz Blanco, J. de la (1996) Phytoma España 78, 22-27. Donat, V.; Biosca, E. G.; Rico, A.; Penalver, J.; Borruel, M.; Berra, D.; Basterretxea, T.; Murillo, J.;

Lopez, M. M. (2005) Annals of Applied Biology 146, 105-114. Lopez, M. M.; Llop, P.; Donat, V.; Penalver, J.; Rico, A.; Ortiz, A.; Murillo, J.; Llorente, I.; Badosa, E.;

Montesinos, E. (2002) Acta Horticulturae 590, 35-38. Mainland Spain B Anon. (2007) Phytoma-España 187, 19-52 and 188, 16-56. [Castilla y Léon, La Rioja, Navarra.

Infected trees were destroyed.]

López, M. M. et al. (1998) Fireblight in Spain: situation and monitoring. Abstract of a paper presented at the 8th International Workshop on Fire Blight, Kusadasi, Turkey, 12-15 October 1998, 34. [Guipuzcoa, Navarra, Segovia, Lleida and Guadalajara provinces.]

Montesinos, E.; Lopez, M. M.; Murillo, J. (1999) Phytoma-Espana 114, 128-136. [Guipuzcoa, Navarra, Gerona, Segovia, and Huesca provinces.]

Sweden - X Akesson, I. (1991) Vaxtskyddsnotiser 55 (2), 34-38. Gråberg, M. K. (1993) Acta Horticulturae 338, 33-36. Persson, P. (1996) Acta Horticulturae 411, 139-142. Persson, P. (1999) Acta Horticulturae 489, 499-503. Switzerland - X EPPO (1997) EPPO Reporting Service No. 97/134. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection

Organization (EPPO), Paris, France. Hasler, T.; Schaerer, H. J.; Holliger, E.; Vogelsanger, J.; Vignutelli, A.; Schoch, B. (2002) Acta

Horticulturae No.590, 73-79. Hasler, T.; Vogelsanger, J.; Schoch, B.; Mani, E. (1996) Obst- und Weinbau 132 (9), 247-249. Schaub, L. (1996) Revue Suisse de Viticulture, Arboriculture, Horticulture 28 (3), 213. UK - X Crosse, J. E.; Bennett, M.; Garrett, C. M. E. (1960) Annals of Applied Biology 48 (3), 541-558. England and

Wales X Bradbury, J. F. (1986) Guide to plant pathogenic bacteria. CAB International, Farnham Royal,

Slough, UK, 332 pp. DEFRA (2005) Fireblight. DEFRA, London, UK.

http://www.defra.gov.uk/planth/pestnote/fireblight.pdf. Stead, D. E. (1987) EPPO Bulletin 17 (2), 219-221. Strouts, R. G.; Rose, D. R.; Reffold, T. C.; Redfern, D. B.; Gregory, S. C.; Pratt, J. E.; Gibbs, J. N.;

Greig, B. J. W.; Hickman, I. T. (1985) In Report on Forest Research for the year ended March 1985, 33-36. Her Majesty's Stationary Office, London, UK.

Northern Ireland (E) Anon. (1988) FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 6 (1), 47. Scotland C DEFRA (2005) Fireblight. DEFRA, London, UK.

http://www.defra.gov.uk/planth/pestnote/fireblight.pdf.

ASIA Armenia - X DEFRA (2005) Fireblight. DEFRA, London, UK.

http://www.defra.gov.uk/planth/pestnote/fireblight.pdf. EPPO (1990) EPPO Reporting Service No. 506/08. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection

Organization (EPPO), Paris, France. EPPO/CABI (1997) Quarantine pests for Europe (second edition). Smith, I. M.; McNamara, D. G.;

Scott, P. R.; Holderness, M. (eds). CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 1425 pp. Zwet, T. van der (1996) Acta Horticulturae 411, 7-8. Azerbaijan - X Hassanzadeh, N. (1997) Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 66 (1&2), 11-12. India - X Maharashtra X Bradbury, J. F. (1986) Guide to plant pathogenic bacteria. CAB International, Farnham Royal,

Slough, UK, 332 pp. Papdiwal, P. B.; Deshpande, K. B. (1978) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India,

B 48 (1), 1-4. [On roses.] Iran - X Hassanzadeh, N. (1997) Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 66 (1&2), 11-12. [Tehran.] Kazempour, M. N.; Kamran, E.; Ali, B. (2006) Journal of Plant Pathology 88 (1), 113-116.

[Azarbaijan, Ghazvin, Gilan, Mazandaran, Tehran provinces.] Maroofi, A.; Mostafavi, M. (1996) Acta Horticulturae 411, 395-399. Rahnama, K.; Mazarei, M. (2002) Acta Horticulturae 590, 99-102. Israel - X Manulis, S.; Kleitman, F.; Dror, O.; David, I.; Zutra, D. (1998) Phytoparasitica 26 (1), 39-46.




Manulis, S.; Zutra, D.; Ga'ash, D.; Kleitman, F.; Dror, O.; Elisha, S.; David, I.; Rav-David, D.; Zilberstaine, M.; Herzog, Z.; Shabi, E. (1996) Phytoparasitica 24 (2), 161.

Shtienberg, D.; Oppenheim, D.; Herzog, Z.; Zilberstaine, M.; Kritzman, G. (2000) Phytoparasitica 28 (4), 361-374.

Shtienberg, D.; Shwartz, H.; Manulis, S.; Kritzman, G.; Zilberstaine, M.; Oppenheim, D.; Herzog, Z. (2002) Acta Horticulturae 590, 253-262.

Jordan - X Al-Dahmashi, M. S.; Khlaif, H. (2004) Scientia Horticulturae 101 (1/2), 81-93. [Shobak, Ajlun, El-hallabat and Jerash areas.]

DEFRA (2005) Fireblight. DEFRA, London, UK. http://www.defra.gov.uk/planth/pestnote/fireblight.pdf.

Tehabsim, A.; Masannat, K.; Janse, J. D. (1992) Phytopathologia Mediterranea 31 (2), 117-118. Zwet, T. van der (1996) Acta Horticulturae 411, 7-8. Lebanon - X DEFRA (2005) Fireblight. DEFRA, London, UK.

http://www.defra.gov.uk/planth/pestnote/fireblight.pdf. EPPO (1998) EPPO Reporting Service No. 98/126. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection

Organization (EPPO), Paris, France. Saad, A. T.; Hanna, L.; Asly, O. J.; Choueiri, E. (1999) Acta Horticulturae 489, 65-69. USTR (2002) Japan - Measures Affecting the Importation of Apples (WT/DS245) Executive


Turkey - X Bolay, A. (1972) Revue Suisse de Viticulture Arboriculture Horticulture 4 (4), 137-143. [Black Sea Coast.]

Gunen, Y.; Misirli, A. (2003) Ege Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi Dergisi 40 (3), 25-32. Momol, M. T.; Zeller, W. (1992) Plant Disease 76 (11), 1114-1116. Oktem, Y. E.; Benlioglu, K. (1988) Journal of Turkish Phytopathology 17, 106.

AFRICA Egypt - X Abo-El-Dahab, M. K.; El-Goorani, M. A.; El-Kasheir, H. M.; Shoeib, A. A. (1983) Phytopathologia

Mediterranea 22 (3), 168-170. El-Goorani, M. A. (1973) Plant Disease Reporter 57 (8), 646. El-Nasr, S.; Hamdy, I.; Ali, M. H. (1990) Acta Horticulturae 273, 392. USTR (2002) Japan - Measures Affecting the Importation of Apples (WT/DS245) Executive


Morocco - X EPPO (2007) EPPO Reporting Service No. 2007/108. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), Paris, France. [Meknes. Under eradication.]

NORTH AMERICA Canada - X Anon. (1955) Report of the Minister of Agriculture for Canada for the Year Ended March 31, 166 pp. Bradbury, J. F. (1986) Guide to plant pathogenic bacteria. CAB International, Farnham Royal,

Slough, UK, 332 pp. Crowell, I. H.; Lavalee, E. (1942) Check List of Diseases of Economic Plants in Canada, 68 pp.

Dominion Department of Agriculture. Foster, W. R.; MacSwan, I. C. (1955) Rep. B.C. Dep. Agric., 1954, Z42-Z45. Alberta X Conners, I. L. (1967) An Annotated Index of Plant Diseases in Canada. Canada Department of

Agriculture, Research Branch Publication No. 1251, 381 pp. Evans, I. R. (1996) Acta Horticulturae 411, 27-28.

Evans, I. R. (1996) Acta Horticulturae 411, 69-72. [On rasberry (Rubus idaeus).] British Columbia X Conners, I. L. (1967) An Annotated Index of Plant Diseases in Canada. Canada Department of

Agriculture, Research Branch Publication No. 1251, 381 pp. Sholberg, P. L.; Bedford, K. E.; Haag, P.; Randall, P. (2001) Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 23

(1), 60-67. Manitoba X Conners, I. L. (1967) An Annotated Index of Plant Diseases in Canada. Canada Department of

Agriculture, Research Branch Publication No. 1251, 381 pp. New Brunswick X Conners, I. L. (1967) An Annotated Index of Plant Diseases in Canada. Canada Department of

Agriculture, Research Branch Publication No. 1251, 381 pp. Wall, R. E. (1983) Canadian Forestry Service Research Notes 3 (1), 2-3. Nova Scotia X Conners, I. L. (1967) An Annotated Index of Plant Diseases in Canada. Canada Department of

Agriculture, Research Branch Publication No. 1251, 381 pp. Gourley, C. O.; Lockhart, C. L.; Layne, R. E. C. (1966) Canadian Plant Disease Survey 46 (4), 139-

142. [First record. On apple, pear and hawthorn.] Ontario X Conners, I. L. (1967) An Annotated Index of Plant Diseases in Canada. Canada Department of

Agriculture, Research Branch Publication No. 1251, 381 pp. Dueck, J.; Quamme, H. A. (1973) Canadian Plant Disease Survey 53 (2), 101-104. Prince Edward

Island X Conners, I. L. (1967) An Annotated Index of Plant Diseases in Canada. Canada Department of

Agriculture, Research Branch Publication No. 1251, 381 pp. Quebec X Conners, I. L. (1967) An Annotated Index of Plant Diseases in Canada. Canada Department of

Agriculture, Research Branch Publication No. 1251, 381 pp. Martineau, R.; Lavallee, A. (1972) Canadian Forestry Service: Annual Report of the Forest Insect

and Disease Survey, Department of the Environment, Canadian Forestry Service, 1971. 34-53. Saskatchewan X Conners, I. L. (1967) An Annotated Index of Plant Diseases in Canada. Canada Department of

Agriculture, Research Branch Publication No. 1251, 381 pp. Mexico - X Lopez, C.; Fucikovsky, L. (1990) Acta Horticulturae 273, 33-36. Mendoza, H. A.; Ortiz, D. T. (1984) Agrociencia, Mexico 56, 9-18. Stakman, E. C.; Harrar, J. G. (1945) In: Plants and Plant Science in Latin America (Ed. by Verdoorn,

F.), 52-55. Chronica Botanica Co., Waltham, Mass., USA. USTR (2002) Japan - Measures Affecting the Importation of Apples (WT/DS245) Executive


USA - X Bradbury, J. F. (1986) Guide to plant pathogenic bacteria. CAB International, Farnham Royal, Slough, UK, 332 pp.

Weiss, F. (1950) Spec. Publ. Plant Dis. Surv. 1 (1), 1-218; (2), 219-381. Alabama X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria

List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml. Hagan, A. K.; Tilt, K. M.; Williams, J. D.; Akridge, J. R. (2000) Journal of Environmental Horticulture

18 (4), 192-196. Arkansas X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria

List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml. California X Reil, W. O.; Moller, W. J.; Thomson, S. V. (1979) Plant Disease Reporter 63 (7), 545-549. Zwet, T. van der (2002) Acta Horticulturae 590, 33-34. Colorado X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria

List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml. Connecticut X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria

List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml. Delaware X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria

List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml.




Florida X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml.

Georgia X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml.

McCarter, S. M.; Payne, J. A. (1993) Plant Disease 77 (12), 1262. [First record on mayhaw (Crataegus aestivalis).]

Idaho X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml.

Mohan, S. K.; Fallahi, E.; Bijman, V. P. (2002) Acta Horticulturae 590, 373-375. Illinois X EPPO/CABI (1997) Quarantine pests for Europe (second edition). Smith, I. M.; McNamara, D. G.;

Scott, P. R.; Holderness, M. (eds). CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 1425 pp. Iowa X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria

List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml. Kansas X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria

List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml. Kentucky X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria

List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml. Louisiana X Holcomb, G. E. (1998) Plant Disease 82 (12), 1402. [First record on Indian hawthorn (Rhaphiolepis

indica cv. Olivia).] Maine X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria

List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml. Maryland X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria

List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml. Massachusetts X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria

List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml. Michigan X Longstroth, M. (2001) Compact Fruit Tree 34 (1), 16-19. ProMED (2000) Fire blight, apples - USA (Michigan). Archive no.: 20000624.1041.

http://www.promedmail.org. [Van Buren and Berrien counties.] Minnesota X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria

List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml. Mississippi X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria

List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml. Missouri X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria

List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml. Montana X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria

List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml. Nebraska X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria

List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml. New Hampshire X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria

List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml. New York X Rosenberger, D. A.; VanCamp, K. L. (2003) Plant Health Progress March, 0-7. Zwet, T. van der (2002) Acta Horticulturae 590, 33-34. North Carolina X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria

List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml. Ohio X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria

List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml. Chatfield, J. A.; Taylor, N. A.; Draper, E. A.; Nameth, S.; Boggs, J. F. (2002) Special Circular - Ohio

Agricultural Research and Development Center 186, 46-52. Oregon X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria


Mohan, S. K.; Thomson, S. V. (1996) Acta Horticulturae 411, 73-76. [First record of natural and extensive outbreak in Japanese plum (Prunus salicina).]

Spotts, R. A.; Mielke, E. A. (1999) Fruit Varieties Journal 53 (2), 110-115. Zwet, T. van der (2002) Acta Horticulturae 590, 33-34. Pennsylvania X EPPO/CABI (1997) Quarantine pests for Europe (second edition). Smith, I. M.; McNamara, D. G.;

Scott, P. R.; Holderness, M. (eds). CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 1425 pp. South Dakota X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria

List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml. Tennessee X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria

List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml. Texas X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria

List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml. Utah X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria

List. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/organism/wpp/bacteria/index.shtml. Virginia X EPPO/CABI (1997) Quarantine pests for Europe (second edition). Smith, I. M.; McNamara, D. G.;

Scott, P. R.; Holderness, M. (eds). CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 1425 pp. Washington X Zwet, T. van der (2002) Acta Horticulturae 590, 33-34. West Virginia X Zwet, T. van der; Miller, S. S.; Lightner, G. W. (1999) Acta Horticulturae 489, 449-452. [First record

of shoot blight.] Wisconsin X APHIS-USDA (2007) Plant Protection and Quarantine Plant Pest Permits, Widely Prevalent Bacteria


CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN Bermuda - X EPPO (1992) EPPO Reporting Service No. 524/09. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection

Organization (EPPO), Paris, France. USTR (2002) Japan - Measures Affecting the Importation of Apples (WT/DS245) Executive


Zwet, T. van der (1993) Acta Horticulturae 338, 29-31. Guatemala - X Bradbury, J. F. (1986) Guide to plant pathogenic bacteria. CAB International, Farnham Royal,

Slough, UK, 332 pp. USTR (2002) Japan - Measures Affecting the Importation of Apples (WT/DS245) Executive


Zwet, T. van der (1968) Plant Disease Reporter 52 (9), 698-702. Zwet, T. van der; Keil, H. L. (1979) In: Agriculture Handbook, Science and Education Administration

510, 200 pp. USDA, Beltsville, USA.

SOUTH AMERICA Venezuela - X Cabrera S. N. (1992) FONAIAP Divulga 9 (41), 17-19. Camino A., J. M.; Diaz Polanco, C. (1972) Agronomia Tropical 22 (5), 563-567.

OCEANIA Australia - (E) Rodoni, B.; Gardner, R.; Giles, R.; Cole, M.; Wimalajeewa, S. (2002) Acta Horticulturae 590, 39-45.

[Eradicated from Australia.] Rodoni, B.; Kinsella, M.; Gardner, R.; Merriman, P.; Gillings, M.; Geider, K. (1999) Acta Horticulturae

489, 169-170. [Eradicated from Australia.]




Victoria (E) Jock, S.; Kim, W. S.; Geider, K.; Rodoni, B.; Merriman, P. (1999) Acta Horticulturae 489, 61-64. [Melbourne.]

Jock, S.; Rodoni, B.; Gillings, M.; Kim, W. S.; Copes, C.; Merriman, P.; Geider, K. (2000) Australasian Plant Pathology 29 (2), 120-128. [Eradicated from Melbourne.]

Roberts, B. (1997) AQIS Bulletin 10 (4), 5. Rodoni, B.; Kinsella, M.; Gardner, R.; Merriman, P.; Gillings, M.; Geider, K. (1999) Acta Horticulturae

489, 169-170. [Eradicated.] New Zealand - B Hale, C. N.; McRae, E. M.; Thomson, S. V. (1987) Acta Horticulturae 217, 33-40. Percy, H. (1997) HortFACT - Fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) in apples and pears - An Introduction to

the Disease. The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd. http://www.hortnet.co.nz/publications/hortfacts/hf205017.htm.

Zwet, T. van der (1994) Acta Horticulturae 367, 391-401. Zwet, T. van der; Keil, H. L. (1979) In: Agriculture Handbook, Science and Education Administration

510, 200 pp. USDA, Beltsville, USA.

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