Distribution Automation for electrical grids. Fault and...IET600 PCM600 ITT600 SDM600 Security &...
Transcript of Distribution Automation for electrical grids. Fault and...IET600 PCM600 ITT600 SDM600 Security &...
CONFIDENTIAL
Distribution Automation for electrical gridsFault and outage management
Introduction
Leading the way within the Power Grids division
Grid Automation
Slide 3
ABB
– 132,000 employees
– $34B revenue
ABB Power Grids
– 39,000 employees
– $11B revenue
– 100 countries
ABB Grid Automation
– 6,000 employees
Worldwide presence
Power Grids DivisionRobotics and
MotionIndustrial
AutomationElectrification
Products
ABB
Microgrids and Distributed Generation
Grid Automation Systems and Service
Grid Automation Products
Enterprise Software
Grid Automation Grid IntegrationGrid
SystemsHigh Voltage
ProductsTransformers
October 16, 2018
Power Grid
Slide 4October 16, 2018
Enabling you to see inside your grid
Distribution Automation
Slide 5October 16, 2018
Trends and challenges
Increasing demand for Smarter Distribution Grid
Distribution Automation Trends
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• Distributed Energy Resources resulting into new integration challenges
• Larger and more complex Grids
• Increased demand for higher
• Power Quality Delivery
• Power Delivery Reliability
• Digitalization enabling to see deeper inside the Grid
• Cost pressure on Operation and Maintenance
• Increased focus on safety
Trends
October 16, 2018
Quality of power supply
– Legislation and regulator demands
– Customer requirements
– Less and shorter outages
– Voltage quality
Operational efficiency
– Improved tools for operators and field crews
– Reduced CAIDI [Customer average interruption duration index] and SAIDI
[System average interruption duration index]
– Limited own personnel in operation and
maintenance
– Minimize the network losses
Safety, Quality, Efficiency, Reliability
Distribution Automation
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Distributed Energy Resources (DER)
– Increased need to measure power flows /quality due to increased
distributed generation
Safety of utility personnel
– Less need to travel to places difficult to reach
– Less need to work in dangerous environments
Challenges
October 16, 2018
Safety, Quality, Efficiency, Reliability
Distribution Automation
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Non-hydro renewable generation grows to double hydropower generation by 2040
Integration in MV and LV grid
Need for green energy generation and distribution automation
New automation solution for energy management and energy storage
Challenges
Distributed generation resulting into new
integration challenges
October 16, 2018
Safety, Quality, Efficiency, Reliability
Distribution Automation
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Increased deployment of DERs in MV and LV grid, makes network operations:
- harder to manage (multi-directional power flows)
- challenging to maintain voltage profiles (additional power supply)
- aging cable infrastructure (intermittent/restriking earth-faults)
Needs to improve the reliability of the power supply for customers and operational and energy efficiency
Challenges
Need to deal with new protection and automation
phenomena whilst maximizing efficiency
MV
LV
+10
%
Un
-10%EN50160
Multi-directional power flows
Restriking earth-faults
October 16, 2018
Key facts
Cyber Attack Ukraine 2015
SANS/ICS-Cert Report: https://ics.sans.org/media/E-ISAC_SANS_Ukraine_DUC_5.pdfSlide 11
– Stage 1 Intrusion:
• At least six months prior to power cut - operator workstations infiltrated. Reconnaissance begins.
– Stage 2 Attack:
• December 23rd 2015 all circuit breakers were opened in:
• 23 35kV Substations
• 7 110kV Substations
– Stage 2 Attack Amplification:
• UPS power supplies were disabled in Utility Control Center –Control Room Dark
• Firmware downloaded to Serial/Ethernet communication devices taking them out of service.
• Telephony denial of service attack on call center.
• Operator Workstation Hard Disks were erased.
How it unfolded
.. >225’000 customers
without power ..!
October 16, 2018
Recommendations
Cyber Attack Ukraine 2015
SANS/ICS-Cert Report: https://ics.sans.org/media/E-ISAC_SANS_Ukraine_DUC_5.pdfSlide 12
– Architecture Recommendations
• Properly segment networks / Limit remote connections
• Ensure logging is enabled
• Make backups
• Prioritize and patch known vulnerabilities
• Consider system event monitoring
– Passive Defense Recommendations
• Application whitelisting
• DMZs and properly tuned firewalls
• Utilize up to date antivirus & whitelisting
– Active Defense Recommendations
• Train defenders to hunt for odd communications.
• Perform network security monitoring
• Plan and train to incident response plans
Learnings from the attack
.. and an other attack in Dec 2016
(Capital Kiev)
October 16, 2018
ICS malware platform “CrashOverride”
October 16, 2018Source: based on https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-163A (status June 2017)
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Technical Analysis “CrashOverride“
The malware represents a scalable, capable platform.
The modules and capabilities publically reported appear to focus on organizations using ICS protocols IEC101, IEC104, and IEC61850,
• Issues valid commands directly to remote terminal units (RTUs) over ICS protocols. As reported by Dragos, one such command sequence toggles circuit breakers in a rapid open-close-
open-close pattern. This could create conditions where individual utilities may island from infected parties, potentially resulting in a degradation of grid reliability.
• Denies service to local serial COM ports on windows devices, therefore preventing legitimate communications with field equipment over serial from the affected device.
• Scans and maps ICS environment using a variety of protocols, including Open Platform Communications (OPC). This significantly improves the payload’s probability of success.
• Could exploit Siemens relay denial-of-service (DoS) vulnerability, leading to a shutdown of the relay. In this instance, the relay would need to be manually reset to restore functionality.
• Includes a wiper module in the platform that renders windows systems inert, requiring a rebuild or backup restoration
The National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC) is aware of public reports from ESET and Dragos outlining a new, highly capable Industrial Controls Systems (ICS)
attack platform that was reportedly used in 2016 against critical infrastructure in Ukraine.
Application overview
Distribution Automation Systems
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Basic applications Advanced applications
October 16, 2018
Portfolio & architecture
Distribution Automation
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Network Management & Control
Substation Automation
Distribution grid
Smart MetersConsumers
Enterprise Billing system
Asset management
Geographical information system
Customer information system
Reporting and statistics
DMS600 & ADMSDMS
SYS600SCADA
SYS600CComputer/HMI
Historian
RTU500 seriesGateway
RTU500 seriesFeeder automation
TROPOS 7320Wireless meshed network
IEC 101 / 104
REF6XXRelion® Feeder Control & Protection IEDs
System Engineering Software Tools
IEC 101
IEC 104
IEC 61850
IET600 PCM600 ITT600
SDM600Security & Data management
FOX605Multiplexer
AFS67x Ethernet Switch
Deviceconfiguration
System configuration
SystemTesting
The automation offering comprises complete engineered systems, ready-to-use engineered packages and high-class loose products.
The automation can be applied at the field level for existing pole-mounted reclosers, disconnectors and breakers, at substation level to for secondary switchgears and ring main units (RMU), or at the SCADA level in network control center.
See inside the grid
Relion® IEDs
October 16, 2018
Fault and Outage ManagementIntroduction and concepts
Closing the loop: Automation - SCADA - Analytics - Work force & Asset Performance Management
Fault and outage management
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Substation A Substation B
Protection
trips when
internal fault
Isolation by opening
the switches
Advanced DistributionManagement System
Restoration
LV
Smart meter
Web HMI
Mobile Work Force Management
Outage Management Analytics Asset Performance ManagementDisturbance Analysis
Mobile Devices
Restoration
by transfer
to other
power
sources
October 16, 2018
Fault detection, isolation and service restoration
Fault management
FLISR. Fault Location Isolation and Service RestorationFDIR. Fault Detection Isolation and RestorationFPI: Fault Passage Indicator
FDIR
FLISR
FPI
FPI
FPIFault Detection Protection
October 16, 2018 Slide 18
Advanced application for your distribution network with standardized devices for maximum reliability and performance
Fault Management
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De-centralized/FDIR
Quick response to problematic feeders
Easy step-wise approach
Fastest restoration time
Semi-centralized/FDIR
Combination of conventional DMS and flexibility of de-centralized solution
Modular step-wise approach
Faster restoration time
Centralized/FLISR
Single solution for entire grid
Standardized field devices
Advanced DMS functionality
Overall system performance may limit the speed
Overview of the concepts
October 16, 2018
De-centralized concept
Fault Management
Automation logic is
running distributed at
secondary substation
level.
DMS is just informed.
Control Information
Tier 2
Primary distribution
substations
Tier 3
Secondary distribution
substations and
Remote controllable line switches
Tier 1
Control center
SCADA/DMS
Slide 20Communication Control Protection
October 16, 2018
Semi-centralized concept
Fault Management
Automation logic is
running at primary
substation level.
DMS is just informed.
Control Information
Tier 2
Primary distribution
substations
Tier 3
Secondary distribution
substations and
Remote controllable line switches
Tier 1
Control center
SCADA/DMS
Slide 21Communication Control Protection
October 16, 2018
Centralized concept
Fault Management
Automation logic is
running at control center
level.
Control
Tier 2
Primary distribution
substations
Tier 3
Secondary distribution
substations and
Remote controllable line switches
Tier 1
Control center
SCADA/DMS
Slide 22Communication Control Protection
October 16, 2018
Pros and cons of different concepts
Fault Management
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Functionality Centralized Semi-centralized De-centralized
Full control of the network from one central location
No field work required for fine tuning of automatic fault isolation and power restoration schemes
Monitoring data from field devices available in all systems for further utilization
Model-based solution can effectively handle abnormal network conditions (e.g. no enough power for supply restoration)
Vendor agnostic
No re-programming required for expansion
Requires controllers communication directly with control
center
Smaller implementations can be costlier than de-centralized
Requires an accurate network load model before
implementation
Future modification and expansion of the grid is difficult to manage
YesOctober 16, 2018
Dividing distribution networks into zones
The Zone concept minimize affected area and maximize power supply restoration
What is the Zone concept?
S/S110/20 kV
P1P2
P3
P4
C1
C2
C3
C4
R
C D
C
Protection zone
Control zone
R
C Recloser
D
C Disconnector
D
C
D
C
D
C
S/S110/20 kV
P4
R
C
1
2
3
Calculated fault distance
3 Advanced fault indicator
Tripped recloser
2
1
D
C
D
C
Slide 24October 16, 2018
What is the Zone concept?Reducing the fault tracing time from hours to minutes
The Zone concept minimize affected area and maximize power supply restoration
S/S110/20 kV
P1P2
P3
P4
C1
C2
C3
C4
R
C D
C
Protection zone
Control zone
R
C Recloser
D
C Disconnector
D
C
D
C
D
C
Zones P1, P2 & P3 didn’t have outageZones C1, C2 & C4 suffered an outage of <2minZone C3 suffered an outage of ~100 min
Without automation, the fault would have been located with time consuming trial & error method, total outage in Zone 3 ~200 min
Slide 25October 16, 2018
What is the Zone concept?Dividing distribution networks into zones
The Zone concept minimize affected area and maximize power supply restoration
Slide 26October 16, 2018
New fault detection challenges in distribution gridsEasy to extend the Zone concept
Protection selectivity and fault detection enable seamless renewables integration
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Blindness –Reverse power flow REG615
REF615
RER615
P1
P2
P3
Protection zone
October 16, 2018
Fault and Outage ManagementReferences
10kV Line 1# 10kV Line 2#
Substation 1
Substation 2
DistributionDistribution
Distribution Distribution
IEC 61850GOOSE
Automatic FDIR with fast fault detection
Each device participate in the Fault Analysis action, independent from SCADA system - use of RTU540 series
Use IEC 61850 GOOSE to transfer the necessary information for fault isolation
Use IEC 104 to transfer the events to SCADA System
Reduced fault investigation and patrol time
Reduce the recovery time to 15 seconds only
Providing solution which can be easily extended
High reliability and reduced recovery time needed
Pudong Smart City
Decentralized - Fault Detection, Isolation and Restoration
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Pudong, China
Challenge
Solution Benefit
October 16, 2018
Significant decrease in operating and maintenance costs
Penalty costs were cut by 54% from 20 M€ to 8 M€ p.a
Responsible for MV and LV grid infrastructure in Ireland
1,7 million electricity customers
160 000 km power lines
Mainly overhead lines
Two SCADA systems with FDIR application
ABB ARP600 (Artic gateway and protocol converter IEC 101/104)
Dual SIM with secure GPRS communication via VPN tunnel
Remote control of disconnectors and reclosers
Irish Utility
Semi-centralized – Fault Detection Isolation Restoration
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CENTRAL SITE - CORK
SCADA
CENTRAL SITE - DUBLIN
SCADA
FDIR SCADA projectIrish Utility
Benefit
October 16, 2018
Network Manager ADMS with SCADA, DMS (VVO, FLISR), OMS, Service Suite and Focalpoint business analytics
Restoring power to nearly 1.2 million customers without a phone call
Avoiding over 102 customer outage minutes
Improving power reliability by over 28%
Improve power quality and reliability
Develop a self-healing grid
Reduce operation costs
Extend life of electrical assets
ADMS ( DMS/ OMS/ SCADA)
Phase 1: SCADA, Phase: 2 OMS, Phase 3: DMS
Implement Volt-VAr and Self Healing (Auto Restoration) capability on the distribution grid
Service Suite integrated with ADMS for faster crew deployment
Centerpoint Energy
Centralised / Semi-Centralised (mixed)
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Benefit
Challenges
Solution
Implementation
October 16, 2018
Enabling you to see inside your grid
Summary
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Implementing ABB Distribution Automation inside your grid will allow you to:
• Improve reliability of your Grid• Maximise availabity of electricity to your customers• Improve customer satisfaction• Reduce your operational cost – optimized utilization of
scarce resources• Increase safety• Unlock smarter system and asset analytic enabling you to
optimize your fleet utilization and life cycle
Various level of Automation can be implemented• Centralised• Semi-Centralised• Decentralised
Depending on business requirement.
October 16, 2018
Enabling you to see inside your grid
Distribution Automation
Slide 33October 16, 2018