Dissertation Presentation
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Development of an Arduino based Energy Monitoring System to increase sustainability
• Sustainable energy usage in universities across England is a primary goal of both the Higher Education Funding Council for England (Hefce) and Brunel University.
• Both set out policies towards a reduction in carbon emissions.
• Brunel University is working towards not only meeting targets – but being self-sufficient, reducing costs and reduction in wasteful energy usage.
• 85% of first-year students stating “Universities should be more active in promoting sustainable development” (NUS, 2013).
Shakeel Ghani
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PROBLEM DEFINITION
• This project seeks to develop a technological solution to reducing energy consumption on campus at Brunel.
• Specifically focusing on students living in halls and the amount of energy wasted in their kitchen facilities.
• “People are heavily influenced by what others around them are doing” - “providing people with feedback on their energy use” (Cabinet Office, 2011, p.18).
• There are several areas of energy use that may be better controlled in kitchens in halls of residence
• Electrical appliances in halls
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AIM
The aim of this project is to analyse current methods set out by Brunel University to reduce energy consumption and to create a simple IS-based technology solution to enable students living in halls to monitor their energy consumption in their shared kitchens, and alter their behaviour as a result, reducing energy use.
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OBJECTIVES
• Literature Analysis – Energy sustainability - Brunel University - Persuasive design - Sensor-based systems – IoT
• Requirements Specification –Functional – Non-Functional – Technical Specification
• Design Products – design methods - use case - activity diagrams – prototype design of Energy Monitor
• Implementation/Prototype System – Arduino Hardware – software – tools
• Evaluation – Evaluation of Energy Monitor system against requirements
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ENERGY, SUSTAINABILITY & HEFCE POLICIES
Predicted depletion of fossil fuels in the future (Ecotricity, 2013) Key issues that enable sustainability (Cooper, 2008)
• HEFCE recently published a report on sustainability in Higher Education
• Brunel 45% reduction in carbon emissions by 2020
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BRUNEL & PERSUASIVE TECHNOLOGY
How Brunel currently uses energy (Brunel University, 2011) This captology describes where computing technology and persuasion overlap (Fogg, 1998)
• IoT – identifiable physically smart objects that are connected through the internet
• IoT encourages use of sensors to monitor data
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ARDUINO SOLUTION
• Arduino enables a wide range of sensors to interact with its microcontroller
• A CT sensor will be able to record real time data about electrical consumption
• Open source, lots of resources available for development
• Apart of the IoT concepts
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REQUIREMENTS
Functional Requirements
The system will display real time consumption data on electrical appliances.
The system will display electrical usage data on a GUI interface, therefore should be able to record data instantly in accordance with IoT.
The GUI will display the average electrical consumption measured in a time frame of 5 minutes.
The system will establish a trigger in order to trigger associated behaviour should electrical consumption be really high.
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REQUIRMENTS
Non-Functional Requirements
Performance: The system should have minimal latency during operation and an instant response time.
Usability: The system should easily be understood with a friendly interface in order for the user to understand feedback.
Reliability: The system should be reliable and functional at all times.
Coding: The coding for the system should be written in the Arduino programming language.
Technical specification
Arduino Hardware – Software - Laptop
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DATA COLLECTION AND QUESTIONARIES'
• Evaluate whether an energy monitoring system would change students’ behaviour in terms of energy usage on the Brunel University campus
• Were persuasive design techniques used have been successfully implemented, data was be collected from students on campus
• The data collection was via the use of a questionnaire
• Used in evaluation
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DESIGN – SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
• Chosen SDP is the iterative development model
• Phases done in iterations
• Able to spot faults easier
• Agile driven process
• Compared against waterfall model
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SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
• Architecture of the system
• All relating components of the energy monitor
• Shows Link between electrical data with user interface
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DESIGN - USE CASE DIAGRAM
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PROTOTYPE DESIGN
• Based on the OpenEnergyMonitor projects
• Simples design using Arduino
• GUI interface available
• Meets requirements set out
Arduino Uno Microcontroller Arduino Ethernet Shield
CT SensorCT Sensor AC Power AdaptorAC Power Adaptor
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IMPLEMENTATION
• Ct sensor – measure electrical current
• AC adaptor to measure voltage
• Arduino microcontroller
• 7 resistors
• 2 capacitors
• Based on OpenEnergyMonitor energy monitor projects
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ENERGY MONITOR PROTOTYPE
• Arduino IDE
• ‘Sketch’ file
• Measures Current of electrical device
• Able to measure real power
• Uploaded onto Arduino board
• EmonLib - library
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ENERGY MONITOR PROTOTYPE
• Arduino IDE GUI
• Serial Monitor
• Outputs reading from CT Sensor
• Real Power (Right)
• Apparent power (Left)
Energy Monitor (Current measure) Set-up
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USER INTERFACE - EMONCMS
• “Emoncms” – open source GUI apart of OpenEnergyMonitor
• Able to visualise raw data from sensor• Historical electrical• Alert when electrical consumption is to high• Highly configurable
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TESTING AND EVALUATION
• Testing carried out on prototype against functional and non-functional requirements e.g. usability & performance
• Which includes - GUI, Alert sent to user, Measuring electrical current – real time – reliability testing
• Evaluation carried out against objectives of the project
• Has the aim been met
• Personal Thoughts on project
• Heuristic evaluation methods will be used
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MEETING OBJECTIVESAND AIM
• Literature Analysis – Reviewed various relating resources
• Requirements Specification – Detailed functional/non-functional
• Design Products – Design methods used to create prototype
• Implementation/Prototype System – Arduino energy monitor prototype created with GUI and trigger
• Evaluation – Against requirements, objectives and personnel reflection
• Meetings the Aim – Arduino energy monitor prototype created in order to show feedback of energy usage of electrical appliances via GUI in halls in order for students to reduce their energy.