Diseases & Conditions

ADHD/ADD

AsthmaArthritis/ JIA

Autism

Dyslexia

CancerDiabetes

Allergies

Body ScansSun Protection

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Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

ADHD is a neurobehavioral disorder characterized by pervasive inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity and resulting in significant functional impairment. CDC estimate 6.4 million youth ages 4-17 have been diagnosed with ADHD by a healthcare professional, and as of 2011, 2.5 million youth ages 4-17 are currently receiving medication treatment for the disorder. In 2003 7.8% of school-aged children were reported to have an ADHD diagnosis by their parent.

Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

• Inattention• Often does not give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in

schoolwork, work, or other activities. • Often has trouble keeping attention on tasks or play activities. • Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly.

• Hyperactivity• Often fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat. • Often gets up from seat when remaining in seat is expected. • Often runs about or climbs when and where it is not appropriate

(adolescents or adults may feel very restless). • Impulsivity• Often blurts out answers before questions have been finished. • Often has trouble waiting one's turn. • Often interrupts or intrudes on others (e.g., butts into conversations or

games).

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• Video Clip on ADHD

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AutismAbout Autism

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of developmental disabilities defined by significant impairments in social interaction and communication and the presence of unusual behaviors and interests. Many people with ASDs also have unusual ways of learning, paying attention, or reacting to different sensations. The thinking and learning abilities of people with ASDs can vary – from gifted to severely challenged. ASD begins before the age of 3 and lasts throughout a person's life. It occurs in all racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups and is four times more likely to occur in boys than girls.

Autism

People with ASDs have serious impairments with social, emotional, and communication skills. They might repeat certain behaviors again and again and might have trouble changing their daily routine. Many people with ASDs also have different ways of learning, paying attention, or reacting to things. ASDs begin before the age of 3 and last throughout a person's life. It is important to note that some people without ASDs might also have some of these symptoms. But for people with ASDs, the impairment is bad enough to make life very challenging.

Allergies

An allergy is a hypersensitivity disorder of the immune system. Symptoms include red eyes, itchiness, and runny nose, eczema, hives, or an asthma attack. Allergies can play a major role in conditions such as asthma. In some people, severe allergies to environmental or dietary allergens or to medication may result in life-threatening reactions called anaphylaxis. Food allergies and reactions to the venom of stinging insects such as wasps and bees are more often associated with these severe reactions.

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• Video Clip on Allergies.

• Review Quiz #1-10 for Daily Grade.

Asthma Asthma is a disease that affects your lungs. It causes repeated

episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and nighttime or early morning coughing. Asthma can be controlled by taking medicine and avoiding the triggers that can cause an attack. You must also remove the triggers in your environment that can make your asthma worse.

Arthritis: The Nation’s Most Common Cause of Disability

What Is Arthritis? Arthritis comprises more than 100 different

rheumatic diseases and conditions, the most common of which is osteoarthritis. Other frequently occurring forms of arthritis include rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, fibromyalgia, and gout. Common symptoms include pain, aching, stiffness, and swelling in or around the joints. Some forms of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, can affect multiple organs and cause widespread symptoms.

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• Video Clip on Arthritis

• Review Quiz #1-10 for Daily Grade.

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• Video Clip on Asthma

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• Video Clip on Autism.

• Review Quiz #1-10 for Daily Grade.

Birth Defects

Birth defects affect about one in every 33 babies born in the United States each year. They are the leading cause of infant deaths, accounting for more than 20% of all infant deaths. Babies born with birth defects have a greater chance of illness and long term disability than babies without birth defects. Things You Should Know about Drinking Alcohol during Pregnancy.

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can cause a baby to be born with birth defects and have disabilities.

There is no known amount of alcohol that is safe to drink while pregnant.

There is no safe time to drink during pregnancy.

Birth Defects Q. What causes birth defects? We do not know what causes most birth defects. Sometimes they just happen

and are not caused by anything that the parents did or didn't do. Q. What should I do to have a healthy pregnancy? Plan your pregnancy

– See your health care provider before getting pregnant – Get any medical condition (obesity, diabetes, seizures,

etc.) under control before getting pregnant – Take a vitamin with 400 micrograms of folic acid daily

before and during pregnancy Take care of yourself

– Get plenty of rest – Exercise moderately – Eat a well-balanced diet – Avoid contact with chemicals and other things in the

home and workplace that may harm an unborn baby – Avoid alcohol, tobacco, and street drugs

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• Video Clip on Birth Defects

• Review Quiz #1-10 for Daily Grade.

Cancer Prevention and Control Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells in the

body grow out of control. Cancers are named after the part of the body where the abnormal cell growth begins. Breast cancers are cancer cells from the breast. When breast cancer cells spread to other parts of the body, they are called metastases.

Nutrition and cancer are related. Good nutrition can help keep ushealthy and cancer free.

Cancer types can be grouped into broader categories. The main categories of cancer include:

Carcinoma - cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs.

Sarcoma - cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue.

Leukemia - cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood.

Lymphoma and myeloma - cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system.

Central nervous system cancers - cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord.

Prevention Cancer can be caused by a variety of

different factors and may develop over a number of years. Some risk factors can be controlled. Choosing the right health behaviors and preventing exposure to certain environmental risk factors can help prevent the development of cancer. For this reason, it is important to follow national trends data to monitor the reduction of these risk factors.

Behavioral Factors

Scientists estimate that as many as 50–75 percent of cancer deaths in the United States are caused by human behaviors such as smoking, physical inactivity, and poor dietary choices.

Environmental Factors

Certain chemicals, biological agents, toxins, etc. are associated with cancer development. In this section, national trends data associated with environmental exposures and their relationship to cancer are reported.

A.Secondhand SmokeB.Chemical Exposures

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• Video Clip on Cancer

• Review Quiz #1-10 for Daily Grade.

Sun Protection The number of new cases of melanoma skin

cancer has increased between 1975 and 2004, with an estimated number of 60,000 new cases in 2007.

Tanning Beds/Fake Bakes? A new analysis of about 20 studies concludes the risk

of skin cancer jumps by 75% when people start using tanning beds before age 30. Experts also found that all types of ultraviolet radiation caused worrying mutations in mice, proof the radiation is carcinogenic. Previously, only one type of ultraviolet radiation was thought to be lethal.

Cancer Type Estimated New Cases Estimated /Deaths Bladder 70,980 /14,330

Breast (Female - Male) 192,370 - 1,910 / 40,170 - 440

Colon and Rectal (Combined) 146,970/ 49,920 Endometrial 42,160 /7,780 Kidney (Renal Cell) Cancer 49,096 /11,033 Leukemia (All) 44,790/ 21,870

Cancer Type Estimated New Cases Estimated Deaths

Lung (Including Bronchus) 219,440 / 159,390 Melanoma 68,720 / 8,650

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 65,980 / 19,500

Pancreatic 42,470 / 35,240

Prostate 192,280 / 27,360 Skin (Nonmelanoma) >1,000,000 <1,000

Thyroid 37,200 / 1,630

Cancer Treatments

Cancer Treatments

Physical Activity

Obesity and physical inactivity cause about 25–30 percent of several of the major cancers in the U.S., including colon, breast, endometrial, kidney, and esophageal cancers. Obesity is estimated to cause 14 percent of cancer deaths in men and 20 percent of cancer deaths in women.

Diabetes

What is diabetes?There are two main types of diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus type 1

Diabetes mellitus type 2

Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus type 1 (sometimes called ‘juvenile onset diabetes’ or ‘insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)) usually starts in childhood or early adult life, most commonly before teenage years. It is due to damage to b-cells in the pancreas, so that they do not make the hormone insulin.

DiabetesWith type 1 diabetes, teenagers have no insulin, so they

need:• to get insulin by injection at least once, usually several

times each day • to be careful about what they eat, how much they

exercise, drinking alcohol and using tobacco and drugs • to be in control of their diabetes • to understand that people with diabetes are able to do

pretty much everything that other people are able to do.

Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (also called ‘mature onset diabetes’ or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) usually starts later in life, usually when the person is over 40 years old. However, it is occurring more often now in much younger people, especially people who are very overweight. Although people with type 2 diabetes usually make some insulin, it is not enough, or it does not work well.

DiabetesSome things that a teenager will have to manage more

strictly than other young people include: • meal times (missing meals can lead to problems) • sleep-ins (you may have to wake up early to eat, or

have your insulin) • alcohol (using it can make things complicated) • exercise (you may need to carry extra food) • choosing not to smoke and avoiding being around

others who smoke (it makes some of the negative effects of diabetes worse).

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• Video Clip on Diabetes

• Review Quiz #1-10 for Daily Grade.