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![Page 1: Discussion Questions](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022081419/56812dfd550346895d935e5a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Discussion QuestionsChapter 16
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Part I
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Question 1
Before Hutton, it was widely assumed that the features of the Earth's surface were:
A. always there B. formed by a single, catastrophic
event C. underwent gradual change over
time D. A and B
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Question 2
Hutton observed that rocks, rock structures and features of the earth are all related. This relationship is called:
A. history B. principle of uniformity C. principles of geology D. philosophy
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Question 3
The principle of uniformity has a basic frame of reference. This frame of reference is
A. plate tectonics. B. continental drift. C. changes and deformations of
rocks today and in the past. D. compressive strain.
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Question 4
You observe a hill that has been cut-through by a road. The rock layers display a curving shape. What has likely happened to the rock mass?
A. normal faulting B. reverse faulting C. folding D. vulcanism
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Question 5
How a rock responds to stress and strain does NOT depend on
A. nature of the rock. B. temperature of the rock. C. pressure on the rock. D. mass of the rock.
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Question 6
In an anticline, the youngest rocks are found:
A. at the top of the fold B. in the middle of the fold C. along the stress fracture D. at the bottom of the fold
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Question 7
Rocks near or on the surface are NOT
A. cooler than those below the surface.
B. hotter that those below the surface.
C. are less brittle. D. are under more pressure.
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Question 8
The San Andreas fault is a good example of a
A. normal fault. B. reverse fault. C. thrust fault. D. none of these.
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Question 9
Which is NOT a type of fault? A. normal B. reverse C. thrust D. forward
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Question 10
The epicenter is located by A. measuring how long the
earthquake lasts. B. measuring the time difference
between P and S waves. C. using time data from several
seismographs to triangulate the location.
D. B and C.
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Question 11
During an earthquake, you should NOT
A. run outdoors if you are indoors. B. stop your car. C. move away from power lines. D. move away from windows.
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Question 12
An earthquake is A. the result of the sudden release
of energy that comes from stress on rock.
B. ground displacement and motion.
C. the cause of tsunamis. D. all of the above.
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Question 13
The Black Hills in South Dakota and the Adirondack Mountains in New York are
A. arched mountains. B. domed mountains. C. volcanic mountains. D. compressed mountains.
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Question 14 The Appalachian Mountains were
formed when A. North American split from South
America. B. North America collided with Europe
and Africa. C. North America collided with South
America. D. North America split from Europe and
Africa.
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Question 15
Mountains that were formed as a result of volcanic eruptions are
A. Alps. B. Cascades. C. Rockies. D. Appalachians.
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Question 16 The source of magma for Mount St.
Helens volcano is A. Cascade Mountains. B. subduction of the continental
lithosphere under the Juan de Fuca plate.
C. subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate under the continental lithosphere.
D. continental lithosphere to Juan de Fuca plate divergence.
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Question 17
In which region of the USA, would one expect to find prominent folded mountains?
A. Pacific Northwestern, as in Oregon
B. Eastern, as in Pennsylvania C. Midwestern, as in Iowa D. Southern, as in Alabama
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Question 18
Crushing of rock at a quarry to make smaller sized gravel is an example of
A. physical weathering. B. chemical weathering. C. mechanical weathering. D. reduction weathering.
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Question 19
Fragments of rocks fall into a mountain stream and are carried into the valley. This is an example of
A. weathering. B. erosion. C. mass movement. D. B and C
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Question 20
Tree roots grow and expand, and eventually break though a sidewalk. This is an example of:
A. corrosion. B. erosion. C. wedging. D. disintegration.
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Part II
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Question 1
The premise that the present is key to understanding the past is called:
A. history B. principle of uniformity C. principles of geology D. philosophy
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Question 2
The process of deformation that changes the earth's surface is called
A. continental drift. B. plate tectonics. C. diastrophism. D. volcanism.
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Question 3
Diastrophism, the process of deformation that changes the earth's surface is responsible for
A. plateaus. B. mountains. C. both A and B. D. none of the above.
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Question 4
A force that compresses, pulls apart or deforms a rock is called
A. stress. B. strain. C. pressure. D. tension.
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Question 5
The force that does NOT cause rock stress is:
A. compressive B. tensional C. shear D. transform
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Question 6
Rock stress caused by two plates moving together is
A. compressive stress. B. tensional stress. C. shear stress. D. transform stress.
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Question 7
Adjustment to stress is defined as A. release. B. strain. C. pressure. D. relief.
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Question 8
Rocks at great depths are under A. lower temperature and higher
pressure. B. higher temperature and higher
pressure. C. higher temperature and lower
pressure. D. lower temperature and lower
pressure.
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Question 9
A bend in layered bedrock which resulted from stress is called
A. fracture. B. fold. C. fault. D. twist.
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Question 10
Folds that resemble an arch are called
A. inverted basins. B. clines. C. anticlines. D. synclines.
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Question 11
A fold that forms a trough is called A. syncline. B. basin. C. inverted arch. D. semicline.
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Question 12
Movement between rocks on one side of a fracture relative to the rocks on the other side of the fracture is called a
A. fracture. B. transformation. C. fault. D. displacement.
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Question 13
The actual place where seismic waves originate is called the _________ of the earthquake.
A. epicenter B. focus C. root D. source
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Question 14
The point on the earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake is called the
A. fault line. B. epicenter. C. source. D. quake starting point.
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Question 15
An earthquake that occurs in the upper part of the mantle is called
A. shallow focus. B. deep focus. C. lithosphere focus. D. intermediate focus.
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Question 16
The size of an earthquake is measured by
A. how many buildings are damaged.
B. amount of energy released at the focus.
C. the height of the tsunami it generated.
D. time of the earthquake.
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Question 17
The energy of the vibrations or the magnitude of an earthquake is reported using the
A. seismograph scale. B. Richter scale. C. magnitude scale. D. Mercalli Scale.
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Question 18
Earthquakes are detected and measured by a
A. seismometer. B. Geiger counter. C. Doppler radar. D. oil well monitors.
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Question 19
Elevated parts of the Earth's crust that rise above the surrounding surface are called:
A. ridges B. hills C. plateaus D. mountains
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Question 20
Which of the following is NOT a classification of mountain origin?
A. folding B. faulting C. parallel D. volcanic
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1. D 2. B 3. C 4. C
5. D 6. A 7. B 8. D
9. D 10. D 11. A 12. D
13. B 14. B 15. B 16. C
17. B 18. C 19. C 20. C
Answers for Part I
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1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A
5. D 6. A 7. B 8. B
9. B 10. C 11. A 12. C
13. B 14. B 15. D 16. B
17. B 18. A 19. D 20. C
Answers for Part II