i

DISC SPRINGS

ii

DISC SPRINGS

Disc springs are conically-shaped, washer-type components designed to be axially loaded. What makes disc springs unique is that based on the standardized calculations of DIN 2092, the deflection for a given load is predictable and the minimum life cycle can be determined. Disc springs can be statically loaded either continuously or intermittently, or dynamically subjected to continuous load cycling. They can be used singly or in multiples stacked parallel, in series or in a combination thereof.

The advantages of disc springs compared to other types of springs include the following:

• A wide range of load/deflection characteristics

• High load capacity with small deflection

• Space savings – high load to size ratio

• No set under design loads

• Longer fatigue life

• Inherent dampening especially with parallel stacking

• Flexibility in stack arrangement to meet your application requirements

DIMENSIONAL DESIGNATIONS

De

Di

lotho

De = External Diameter of DiscDi = Internal Diameter of Disclo = Free Height of Disct = Material Thickness of Discho = Free Cone Height of Disc

F = Force or Load Applied Ns = Deflection of Disc Resulting from an Applied Force mms = Stress N/mm2

E = Modulus of Elasticity N/mm2

µ = Poisson’s Ratio —

SYMBOLS AND UNITS USED IN THE APPLICATION OF DISC SPRINGS

1

TO ORDER: Product / De x D

i x t / material code / finish code

EXAMPLE: DSC 25 x 12.2 x 0.7 B R

DISC SPRINGS

STANDARD PRODUCT RANGE

The Spirol range includes all disc springs specified in DIN 2093, Groups 1 and 2, Series A, B, and C.

DIN RANGE

STANDARD MATERIALS

“ t ” less than 1.25 mm Ck67, CS70, AISI 1070

“ t ” 1.25 mm and thicker 50CrV4 (WNr 1.8159) AISI 6150

Austempered to HRC 42 - 52 / HV 412 - 544

STANDARD FINISH

R Phosphate coated, oiled

B

W

SPIROL STANDARD RANGE

Spirol stocks its own standard size range in outside diameters from 8 mm to 200 mm to meet the diverse application needs of its customers. Spirol standard disc springs meet all DIN 2093 performance, tolerance and quality specifications as well as the DIN 2092 design criteria.

In addition to the standard materials, stainless discs produced in Austenitic AISI 301, WNr 14310, Martensitic AISI 420, WNr 1.4021 are readily available. For high temperature application, Inconel® materials are recommended.

Special finishes readily available include mechanical zinc plating with or without subsequent passivation and Dacromet. Electro zinc plating is available but not recommended due to the risk of hydrogen embrittlement.

Spirol will work with the customer to develop special disc springs to meet the requirements of the application. This includes special dimensions, materials, finishes, shapes, shot peening and scragging (presetting).

SPECIALS

GROUPTHICKNESS

in mmSURFACE ROUGHNESS in µm

Upper / Lower Surfaces Inner / Outer Edges

GROUP 1 Less than 1.25 Ra < 3.2 Ra < 12.5

GROUP 2 From 1.25 to 6 Ra < 6.3 Ra < 3.2

GROUPS are identified by thickness and surface finish.

SERIES A ≈ 18 ≈ 0.4

SERIES B ≈ 28 ≈ 0.75

SERIES C ≈ 40 ≈ 1.3

SERIES are defined by the following ratios:

De/t ho/t

De/t ho/t

De/t ho/t

2

DISC SPRING CHARACTERISTICS

LOAD/DEFLECTION RELATIONSHIP

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

1

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

00 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

s/ho

FcF

Test

ing

Lim

it

Spring

s ser

ies A

DIN

209

3Sprin

g

serie

s C D

IN 2093

Sprin

gs se

ries B

DIN

2093

ho/t = 2

0.4

0.75

1.31.5

1.75

1

0

The load/deflection curve of a single disc is not linear. Its shape depends on the ratio of cone height (ho) to the thickness (t) (ho/t). If the ratio is small, 0.4 (DIN Series A), the characteristic is virtually a straight line. The load deflection becomes increasingly curved as the ratio ho/t increases.

Up to a ratio of 1.5, discs may safely be taken to the flat position.

At a ratio of 1.5, the curve is flat for a considerable range of deflection. This is a useful consideration for wear compensation.

Above 1.5, the disc exhibits increasingly regressive characteristics and is capable of push-through and therefore needs to be fully supported.

At ratios over 2, the discs may invert when taken towards the flat position.

Fc is the design force of the disc in the flattened position.

THEORETICAL VS MEASURED DEFLECTION

At the lower range, the actual measured curve departs slightly from the theoretical due to residual stresses.

In the mid range – the usual working range – the actual measured deflection very closely coincides with the theoretical.

As the deflection increases, the force moment arm shortens and the force required increases sharply. When the s/ho ratio exceeds 0.75, the deviation from the theoretical increases sharply. Accordingly, force/deflection predictability is limited to 75% of total deflection (ho).

The graph demonstrates the characteristic of a DIN 2093 disc spring, Group 2, Series B 50 x 25.4 x 2.

8000

N

6000

4000

2000

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 mm 1.4

Measured Characteristic

Theoretical Characteristic

LOA

D F

DEFLECTION s

FLA

T C

ON

DIT

ION

s =

0.7

5 h o

3

LOADING STRESSES

STATIC LOADING Static loading is defined as carrying a constant load or an occasionally changing load at relatively long time intervals not exceeding ten thousand cycles per design life. In these cases the highest calculated stress at Point I is most critical and should not exceed 2600 – 3200 N/mm2 in the flat (s = ho) position for the DIN 2093 specified materials.

The standard range of disc springs may be used in static loading conditions without the need to perform theoretical stress calculations. Under these conditions, spring set is not a factor with stresses up to F = 0.75 ho.

Residual manufacturing tensile stresses occur at the upper inside diameter edge Point I. These revert to compressive stresses when the disc is deflected by 15% to 20% of the total cone height (ho). Fatigue life will be drastically reduced by stress reversals and therefore discs in dynamic applications must be preloaded by a minimum of 15% to 20%.

The maximum deflection limit of 75% of total deflection (s = 0.75 ho) must be observed.

To enhance fatigue life 1) reduce upper stress, 2) increase pre-stress, or 3) both.

Dynamically loaded disc springs are generally divided into two categories:1. Limited life – Discs which should achieve 2 x 106 cycles without failure.2. Practically unlimited life – Discs which should exceed 2 x 106 cycles without

failure.

Detailed design calculations can be provided by Spirol to determine estimated fatigue life. At a minimum, the following information is required:

1. Mounting Space available2. Maximum load3. Type of load – static, intermittent, dynamic4. Cycle life expected5. Operating conditions – temperature, corrosion

DYNAMIC LOADING

When the disc is loaded, negative stresses result at Points I and IV which are compressive. Compressive stresses typically act on the upper surface of the disc.

At the theoretical Point (O) between Points I and IV, the stress must not exceed the yield strength of the disc material (1400 – 1600 N/mm2 for the DIN 2093 specified materials) to ensure that there will be no “set.”

Positive stresses, which are tensile stresses, at Points II and III are the basis for fatigue life calculations. Tensile stresses typically act on the lower surface of the disc.

loho

I

IIIV

III

O

CRITICAL STRESS POINTS

4

DISC SPRINGS – STACKING

Consideration needs to be given to the friction between the parallel disc surfaces. A reasonable allowance is 2 - 3% of the force for each sliding surface – a greater force for loading and a lesser force for unloading. Discs in parallel should be well lubricated and it is suggested that the number of discs in a parallel set be limited to a maximum of 4 to reduce the deviation from calculated to measured characteristics. Discs in parallel have increased self-dampening (hysteresis) characteristics.

Deflection: Same as single disc

Force: Single disc multiplied by the number of discs

IN PARALLEL IN SERIES

Deflection: Single disc multiplied by the number of discs

Force: Same as single disc

IN COMBINATION

Deflection: Single disc multiplied by the number of discs in series

Force: Single disc multiplied by the number of parallel discs in a set

METHODS OF STACKING

regr

essiv

e

straig

ht lin

e

prog

ress

ive

LOA

D F

DEFLECTION s

STACKING Stacking individual disc springs provides the designer with:

• A wide range of possible force/deflection combinations;

• The ability to design application-specific load curves – both progressive and regressive; and

• The opportunity to design a range of dampening characteristics into the design.

It is normally desirable to have both ends rest on the larger outer edge of the disc. With an uneven number of pairs in a stack, this is not possible. In this case, the end resting on the outer edge should be arranged to be on the end on which the force is applied – the moving end of the stack.

STACK CONSTRUCTION

RIGHT WRONG

EVEN NUMBER OF DISCS

WRONGRIGHT

ODD NUMBER OF DISCS

5

DISC SPRINGS – STACKING

PROGRESSIVE LOAD CURVES

Progressive loading can be obtained by assembling stacks in which discs will deflect consecutively when loaded. Generally, this is done by 1) stacking single, double and triple parallel sets in series, or 2) stacking discs of various thickness in series. It is, however, necessary to provide a means to limit the compression of the weaker disc to avoid overstressing while the stronger discs are still in process of compression.

DISC STACKS WITH PROGRESSIVE CHARACTERISTIC LOAD CURVES AND STROKE LIMITERS TO AVOID OVERLOAD

SLEEVEANDSTOP

WASHERSAND

RINGS

STACK GUIDANCE Stacks need to be guided to keep the discs in position. The preferred method is internal, such as a rod through the inside diameter. In case of external guidance, a sleeve is suggested. In either case, the guiding component should be case-hardened to a depth of not less than 0.6 mm and a hardness of 58 HRC. A surface finish of ≤ 4 microns is also recommended.

De or Di

(mm)

Up to 16

Over 16 to 20

Over 20 to 26

Over 26 to 31.5

Over 31.5 to 50

Over 50 to 80

Over 80 to 140

Over 140 to 250

CLEARANCE(mm)

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.8

1

1.6

Since the diameter of the discs change when compressed, the following clearance values are recommended:

The stability of disc with a thickness of 1 mm or less can present a problem at the bearing surfaces. In such cases, the use of intermediate flat discs is recommended with outside diameter contact.

RIGHT WRONG

6

• Select the disc with the largest outside diameter (De). This reduces the stresses at a given force (F)/deflection (s) ratio and thus enhances fatigue life. An outside (De) to inside diameter (Di) of 1.7 to 2.2 also enhances performance and longevity.

• Select a disc that at 75% of total deflection offers the maximum force and/or deflection required. Deflection of 75% of cone height (ho) should be the design maximum. Reducing deflection increases fatigue life.

• Force/deflection curves can be changed by varying the cone height (ho) to thickness (t) ratio. Curves for discs may be plotted with the force/deflection data provided on page 8-12 at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of deflection.

• Shorter stacks are more efficient. Discs at the moving end of the stack are overdeflected whereas discs at the opposite end are underdeflected. This results from the friction between the individual discs as well as the discs and the guiding mandrel or sleeve. Use of the largest practical outside diameter discs will reduce the number of individual discs and total stack height. It is recommended that total stack height not exceed three times the external disc diameter (De).

• When discs are used in parallel, the following factors should be considered:1. In dynamic applications, the generation of heat;2. The relationship between loading and unloading forces due to friction;3. Hysteresis, the increased damping resulting from friction between the

discs; and4. Lubrication – A must in parallel disc applications.

• Thicker discs have greater damping (hysteresis) characteristics.

• Lubrication is required for the efficient use and extended life of discs. In moderate applications, a solid lubricant such as molybdenum disulfide will generally suffice. In severe and corrosive applications, an oil or grease lubricant housed in a chamber may be required.

• Hardened thrust washers will alleviate surface damage/indentation when discs are used in conjunction with soft materials.

• At elevated temperatures, discs begin to lose their spring characteristics. When the service temperature exceeds 100˚C, special materials should be used.

• Shot peening induces favorable compressive stresses on the disc surface. This reduces the likelihood of fatigue failure due to tensile stresses which generally start on the surface.

• Presetting (scragging) is defined as a single or repeated compression of a heat treated disc to the flat condition. The strains induced give rise to plastic deformation, the spring thereby looses height. The remaining free conical height (ho) results from the residual stresses being at an equilibrium of forces and moments. The disc will no longer plastically deform during subsequent loading. This allows for higher load stresses and longer fatigue life.

DESIGN GUIDELINES

7

DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES

Less than 1.25 0.1 0.05From 1.25 to 2 0.15 0.08Over 2 to 3 0.2 0.1Over 3.8 to 6 0.3 0.15

TOLERANCE mm

PLUS MINUS

THICKNESS RANGE (t)mm

FREE OVER-ALL HEIGHT (lo) TOLERANCE

From 0.2 to 0.6 0.02 0.06Over 0.6 to under 1.25 0.03 0.09From 1.25 to 3.8 0.04 0.12Over 3.8 to 6 0.05 0.15

TOLERANCE mm

PLUS MINUS

THICKNESS RANGEmm

THICKNESS TOLERANCE (t)

The static load (F) of a single disc shall be determined for a disc in the loaded state using a suitable lubricant. The pressure plates between which the disc is compressed must be hardened ground and polished.

The following deviations apply for normal applications:

Less than 1.25

From 1.25 to 3

From 3 to 6

PERMISSIBLE DEVIATION in load F at s = 0.75 ho

as a percentage

THICKNESS (t)mm

+ 25 % - 7.5 % + 15 % - 7.5 % + 10 % - 5 %

SPRING FORCE TOLERANCE

DIAMETER TOLERANCE

DeTOLERANCE MINUS mm

CONCENTRICITY TOLERANCE 1

3 to 6 0.12 0.12 0.15Over 6 to 10 0.15 0.15 0.18Over 10 to 18 0.18 0.18 0.22Over 18 to 30 0.21 0.21 0.26Over 30 to 50 0.25 0.25 0.32Over 50 to 80 0.3 0.3 0.6Over 80 to 120 0.35 0.35 0.7Over 120 to 180 0.4 0.4 0.8Over 180 to 250 0.46 0.46 0.92

DiTOLERANCE PLUS mm

De or Di RANGEmm

1) In reference to Outside Diameter De

Outside Diameter: De h 12Inside Diameter: Di H 12

Concentricity: De ≤ 50 mm 2 • IT 11 De > 50 mm 2 • IT 12

8

DIS

C S

PR

ING

S T

O D

IN 2

093

SP

IRO

LP

RO

DU

CT

RA

NG

E

Def

lect

ion

s in

mm

Forc

e F

in N

Stre

ss s

in N

/mm

2

Valu

es c

alcu

late

d in

ac

cord

ance

with

DIN

209

2In

side

Dia

.D

i

Out

side

Dia

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e

F

Ove

rall

Hei

ght

l oC

one

Hei

ght

h oT

hick

ness

t

I

IIIII

IVO

M

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.5

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.25 0.4

0.5

0.4

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.83

30.

50.

41.

250.

833

0.5

1.16

70.

70.

75 0.5

0.41

71.

20.

75 0.5 1 0.8

0.8

0.58

3

0.06

30.

050.

050.

063

0.06

30.

050.

088

0.08

80.

075

0.06

30.

063

0.07

50.

075

0.06

30.

10.

10.

10.

088

45.7

69.3

128.

421

.351

.678

.351

.216

5.3

79.4

109.

818

1.6

30.5

87.8

121.

585

.214

2.6

150.

519

6

-883

-797

-943

-696

-872

-784

-979

-133

6-8

60-7

89-9

04-6

54-8

57-7

82-9

36-1

072

-101

5-9

57

0.55 0.6

0.7

0.45

0.55 0.6

0.65

0.85 0.7

0.75

0.85

0.55 0.7

0.75 0.8

0.9

0.9

0.95

0.25 0.2

0.2

0.25

0.25 0.2

0.35

0.35 0.3

0.25

0.25 0.3

0.3

0.25 0.4

0.4

0.4

0.35

C B A C B A

D

e D

i t

l o

ho

ho/t

DIN Series

Dim

en

sio

ns

207

365

511 8 184

343

90 447

241

359

473

21 224

343

149

285

251

372

401

350

408

409

501

439

378

492

405

361

410

380

485

435

385

432

493

455

79.1

130.

224

6.4

33.3

89.4

147.

181

.629

6.2

140.

420

6.4

347.

348

.215

5.3

228.

314

1.4

249.

126

2.8

361.

3

-166

9-1

533

-182

4-1

294

-164

6-1

504

-183

1-2

544

-163

2-1

516

-174

6-1

217

-162

3-1

502

-176

0-2

032

-192

1-1

830

0.03

80.

030.

030.

038

0.03

80.

030.

053

0.05

30.

045

0.03

80.

038

0.04

50.

045

0.03

80.

060.

060.

060.

053

29.1

42.7

78.5

14 32.9

48.3

33.6

104

50.2

67.7

111.

220 55

.574

.955

.190

.695

.612

1.8

125.

523

846

4.9

4214

1.8

268.

910

8.1

500.

423

1.9

377.

465

2.1

62.6

256.

541

7.5

205.

740

1.7

423.

864

0.8

-133

2-1

421

-177

6-1

003

-150

5-1

605

-114

7-1

911

-138

4-1

441

-173

0-9

57-1

531

-159

5-1

228

-153

5-1

619

-170

0

1046

949

1123

1034

1312

1194

957

1299

1066

981

1125

965

1281

1182

988

1130

1291

1222

0.25 0.2

0.2

0.25

0.25 0.2

0.35

0.35 0.3

0.25

0.25 0.3

0.3

0.25 0.4

0.4

0.4

0.35

-235

9-2

207

-264

3-1

794

-232

2-2

162

-255

6-3

626

-231

6-2

182

-252

6-1

691

-229

9-2

159

-247

2-2

879

-271

7-2

620

912

1281

1717

319

847

1218

652

1721

988

1260

1604

336

943

1218

786

1193

1080

1367

511

792

1083

114

467

749

308

1021

570

778

1008

133

539

749

411

683

611

828

0.18

80.

150.

150.

188

0.18

80.

150.

263

0.26

30.

225

0.18

80.

188

0.22

50.

225

0.18

80.

30.

30.

30.

263

8 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 12 12 12 12

3.2

3.2

3.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

3.2

3.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

4.2

4.2

5.2

5.2

750

666

782

753

938

837

697

925

760

688

785

702

912

829

714

809

923

863

104.

418

5.5

357.

439

.211

7.9

209.

698

.340

418

9.2

294.

150

2.3

57.5

209.

332

5.4

178.

433

1.4

349.

650

6.1

0.12

50.

10.

10.

125

0.12

50.

10.

175

0.17

50.

150.

125

0.12

50.

150.

150.

125

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.17

5

De

sig

n F

orc

e,

De

fle

cti

on

an

d S

tre

ss

es

Ba

se

d o

n E

= 2

06

kN

/mm

2 a

nd

µ =

0.3

s =

0.2

5 h

o

s

F

sI

sII

s

III

s =

0.5

ho

s

F

sI

sII

s

III

s =

0.7

5 h

o

s

F

sI

sII

s

III

s =

ho

s

F

sO

M

247

214

249

253

308

268

234

302

249

221

250

235

298

266

238

266

303

279

Pre

load.

s =

0.1

5 h

o

s

F

sII

I

9

DIS

C S

PR

ING

S T

O D

IN 2

093

0.5

0.6

0.35 0.5

0.7

0.35 0.5

0.8

0.4

0.7

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.8

0.4

0.6

0.9

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.7

0.8 1

0.45 0.7 1 0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.5

0.8

0.9 1 1.1

0.7

0.58

31.

286

0.7

0.42

91.

286

0.8

0.37

51.

375

0.78

61

0.75

0.57

10.

571

0.5

1.25

0.75

0.38

91.

51.

2 1 10.

875

0.78

60.

625

0.5

1.33

30.

714

0.4

1.16

70.

929

0.75

0.66

71.

30.

688

0.61

10.

550.

409

0.85

0.95 0.8

0.85 1 0.8

0.9

1.1

0.95

1.25 1

1.05 1.1

1.1

1.2

0.9

1.05

1.25 1 1.1

1.2

1.4

1.5

1.25 1.3

1.5

1.05 1.2

1.4

1.3

1.35 1.4

1.5

1.15

1.35

1.45

1.55

1.55

0.35

0.35

0.45

0.35 0.3

0.45 0.4

0.3

0.55

0.55 0.5

0.45 0.4

0.4

0.4

0.5

0.45

0.35 0.6

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.7

0.55 0.5

0.5

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.7

0.65 0.6

0.6

0.65

0.55

0.55

0.55

0.45

C B A C B A C B A C B A C B A

D

e D

i t

l o

ho

ho/t

DIN Series

Dim

en

sio

ns

84.0

132.

855

.375

.514

6.8

45 76.3

173.

267

.421

5.8

89.4

112.

313

8.1

159.

222

6.2

55.3

108.

722

1.4

56.8

85.4

123.

722

9.2

306.

816

1.5

192.

834

4.8

80.2

147

275.

514

0.7

168.

119

9.1

265.

393

.619

1.1

256.

733

6.9

335.

4

291

325

314

258

259

259

258

235

249

324

262

246

228

293

320

247

258

238

198

217

236

321

343

267

252

290

272

258

240

267

257

245

262

261

258

277

296

242

12 12 12.5

12.5

12.5

14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

7.2

7.2

7.2

5.2

5.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

8.2

8.2

8.2

8.2

8.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

8.2

8.2

8.2

9.2

9.2

9.2

8.2

8.2

8.2

8.2

10.2

10.2

10.2

10.2

10.2

De

sig

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e,

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fle

cti

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an

d S

tre

ss

es

Ba

se

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06

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s =

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DIS

C S

PR

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S T

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C B A C B A C B A C B A C B

D

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11.2

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10.2

10.2

12.2

12.2

12.2

12.2

12.2

10.2

10.2

10.2

10.2

12.2

12.2

12.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

14.2

16.3

16.3

16.3

16.3

16.3

12.3

12.3

12.3

14.3

14.3

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16.3

18.3

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De

sig

n F

orc

e,

De

fle

cti

on

an

d S

tre

ss

es

Ba

se

d o

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150.

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225

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919

1332

29.9

3871

.261

7311

09.7

2024

3363

1993

.429

90.3

3155

.257

82.5

832

1698

.7

0.4

0.32

50.

25 0.4

0.37

50.

40.

375

0.35 0.3

0.3

0.45

0.35

0.27

50.

475

0.5

0.5

0.35

0.47

50.

425

0.37

50.

50.

40.

425

0.32

50.

525

0.45

0.45

0.35

0.37

50.

60.

60.

60.

575

0.52

50.

525

0.42

50.

575

0.5

s =

0.2

5 h

o

s

F

sI

sII

s

III

s =

0.5

ho

s =

0.7

5 h

os =

ho

s

F

sO

M

s

F

sI

sII

s

III

s

F

sI

sII

s

III

302

253

234

245

237

277

289

277

304

344

309

239

239

232

278

312

211

288

277

261

319

254

315

246

278

275

307

243

292

249

276

304

284

274

304

274

264

251

0.8

0.65 0.5

0.8

0.75 0.8

0.75 0.7

0.6

0.6

0.9

0.7

0.55

0.95 1 1 0.7

0.95

0.85

0.75 1 0.8

0.85

0.65

1.05 0.9

0.9

0.7

0.75 1.2

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.05

1.05

0.85

1.15 1

Pre

load.

s =

0.1

5 h

o

s

F

sII

I

11

DIS

C S

PR

ING

S T

O D

IN 2

093

21.

25 1.5 2 1.5 2 2 1 1.5 2

2.25 2.5

1.25

1.75 2.5

1.5 2 2.5 2 2.5 2 2.5

1.25 1.5 2

2.25 2.5 3 1.5 2 3 2 2.5

2.5 3 2.5 3 3.5

0.4

1.12

0.86

70.

525

0.86

70.

550.

575

1.3

0.76

70.

55 0.4

0.38

1.28

0.74

30.

41.

10.

825

0.66

0.75

0.54 0.8

0.56

1.28

1.06

70.

70.

467

0.56

0.36

71.

30.

80.

433

1.1

0.88

0.76

0.55 0.8

0.56

70.

429

2.8

2.65 2.8

3.05 2.8

3.1

3.15 2.3

2.65 3.1

3.15

3.45

2.85

3.05 3.5

3.15

3.65

4.15 3.5

3.85 3.6

3.9

2.85 3.1

3.4

3.75 3.9

4.1

3.45 3.6

4.3

4.2

4.7

4.4

4.65 4.5

4.7 5

0.8

1.4

1.3

1.05 1.3

1.1

1.15 1.3

1.15 1.1

0.9

0.95 1.6

1.3 1

1.65

1.65

1.65 1.5

1.35 1.6

1.4

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.1

1.95 1.6

1.3

2.2

2.2

1.9

1.65 2 1.7

1.5

A C B A C B A C B A C B A

D

e D

i t

l o

ho

ho/t

DIN Series

Dim

en

sio

ns

0.12

00.

210.

195

0.15

80.

195

0.16

50.

173

0.19

50.

173

0.16

50.

135

0.14

30.

240.

195

0.15

0.24

80.

248

0.24

80.

225

0.20

30.

240.

210.

240.

240.

210.

158

0.21

0.16

50.

293

0.24

0.19

50.

330.

330.

285

0.24

80.

30.

255

0.22

5

1139

.459

1.2

759.

611

12.5

782.

812

21.8

1355

.237

4.6

702.

113

47.7

1427

.920

4568

996

2.6

1694

.976

1.1

1419

.224

24.1

1242

.818

62.1

1427

.120

22.5

564.

880

8.1

1225

.511

06.5

2154

2594

966.

212

1325

39.4

1649

.726

56.5

2180

.627

85.6

2577

.831

54.8

4038

.9

35.5

40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 45 45 45 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 56 56 56 60 60 60 60 60 60 60

18.3

14.3

14.3

14.3

16.3

16.3

18.3

20.4

20.4

20.4

20.4

20.4

22.4

22.4

22.4

18.4

18.4

18.4

20.4

20.4

22.4

22.4

25.4

25.4

25.4

25.4

25.4

25.4

28.5

28.5

28.5

20.5

20.5

25.5

25.5

30.5

30.5

30.5

De

sig

n F

orc

e,

De

fle

cti

on

an

d S

tre

ss

es

Ba

se

d o

n E

= 2

06

kN

/mm

2 a

nd

µ =

0.3

0.2

0.35

0.32

50.

263

0.32

50.

275

0.28

80.

325

0.28

80.

275

0.22

50.

238

0.4

0.32

50.

250.

413

0.41

30.

413

0.37

50.

338

0.4

0.35 0.4

0.4

0.35

0.26

30.

350.

275

0.48

80.

40.

325

0.55

0.55

0.47

50.

413

0.5

0.42

50.

375

1863

.990

4.4

1188

.317

99.5

1224

.519

71.7

2181

.656

5.4

1109

2174

.823

35.8

3350

.810

41.4

1524

2772

.711

66.2

2229

.138

69.7

1966

.430

07.7

2246

.932

60.6

853.

812

41.7

1948

.617

99.6

3472

.542

5514

58.4

1909

.741

42.4

2527

.841

50.5

3446

.744

95.1

4058

.650

82.7

6591

-749

-961

-962

-878

-928

-897

-933

-734

-774

-882

-746

-864

-883

-795

-726

-855

-101

3-1

171

-865

-876

-932

-904

-717

-789

-777

-579

-903

-762

-843

-744

-747

-108

2-1

233

-949

-889

-101

2-9

17-8

74

393

98 218

393

199

375

365

-4 196

354

392

470 4 214

383

93 251

409

244

373

228

364 2 74 230

271

355

424

-4 173

371

125

276

259

369

236

356

437

409

406

398

349

430

402

466

422

431

484

403

466

497

433

384

370

428

486

397

393

466

442

410

447

430

314

494

409

483

415

404

440

491

451

414

564

502

472

3576

1458

.820

40.3

3362

.821

02.5

3663

.440

29.9

875.

919

53.4

4040

.844

81.4

6453

.116

20.4

2700

.853

19.5

1890

3868

.270

02.1

3478

.356

01.3

3924

.160

44.3

1328

.420

28.5

3490

.834

06.3

6437

8214

.322

59.4

3335

.378

95.2

4096

.771

02.3

6081

.483

52.1

7088

.294

07.1

1257

4.4

-144

8-1

799

-181

8-1

688

-175

2-1

719

-178

5-1

363

-146

5-1

689

-144

1-1

673

-164

1-1

507

-140

3-1

602

-191

8-2

234

-164

2-1

680

-176

3-1

730

-133

2-1

476

-147

6-1

113

-172

8-1

476

-156

5-1

406

-144

1-2

028

-233

0-1

799

-170

4-1

914

-175

4-1

685

6747

.219

84.2

3183

.960

95.6

3280

.865

80.3

7170

.710

72.2

3201

.372

58.3

8455

.512

243.

220

07.4

4475

.410

036.

926

00.2

6163

.412

037.

857

44.9

1009

8.4

6329

.210

816.

516

45.6

2843

.658

97.9

6298

.211

519.

415

640.

127

65.9

5379

.514

751.

656

3611

007.

999

97.3

1500

2.3

1143

2.6

1679

2.1

2352

8.2

-161

1-1

213

-135

1-1

455

-139

2-1

571

-171

2-1

024

-135

9-1

733

-159

5-1

871

-122

7-1

396

-153

4-1

104

-147

1-1

839

-137

1-1

543

-151

1-1

653

-100

6-1

207

-140

8-1

188

-176

0-1

659

-117

4-1

284

-156

5-1

346

-168

2-1

527

-159

2-1

747

-178

2-1

834

1128

1033

1034

943

1118

1084

1252

1063

1136

1307

1112

1290

1253

1144

1059

942

1116

1291

1045

1060

1220

1190

1035

1145

1140

857

1332

1135

1218

1090

1110

1119

1273

1187

1117

1481

1353

1297

0.8

1.4

1.3

1.05 1.3

1.1

1.15 1.3

1.15 1.1

0.9

0.95 1.6

1.3 1

1.65

1.65

1.65 1.5

1.35 1.6

1.4

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.05 1.4

1.1

1.95 1.6

1.3

2.2

2.2

1.9

1.65 2 1.7

1.5

-209

5-2

514

-256

8-2

427

-247

2-2

467

-255

6-1

887

-207

3-2

421

-208

6-2

424

-227

3-2

135

-203

1-2

239

-271

3-3

187

-233

0-2

412

-249

3-2

480

-184

5-2

061

-209

7-1

604

-247

4-2

142

-216

5-1

987

-208

0-2

837

-328

9-2

551

-244

5-2

704

-251

1-2

434

1332

664

973

1387

911

1349

1338

305

835

1288

1328

1579

389

892

1296

605

1079

1552

1000

1334

985

1324

312

528

923

944

1301

1418

350

765

1274

784

1237

1072

1330

1041

1309

1499

837

319

542

855

503

825

810

98 474

783

835

997

134

512

815

294

610

926

578

817

556

806

106

250

537

585

789

897

112

428

795

386

688

616

812

583

793

937

0.6

1.05

0.97

50.

788

0.97

50.

825

0.86

30.

975

0.86

30.

825

0.67

50.

713

1.2

0.97

50.

751.

238

1.23

81.

238

1.12

51.

013

1.2

1.05 1.2

1.2

1.05

0.78

81.

050.

825

1.46

31.

20.

975

1.65

1.65

1.42

51.

238

1.5

1.27

51.

125

785

750

743

664

802

764

883

776

810

920

774

896

914

814

737

684

800

916

745

746

872

838

755

828

810

599

938

787

889

778

775

812

916

847

787

1058

953

905

5186

.917

79.9

2668

.147

68.6

2749

.451

68.5

5655

.910

16.5

2621

.557

0165

00.2

9389

.618

90.9

3646

7715

.923

18.8

5114

.196

42.9

4687

.379

18.9

5221

.685

09.9

1550

.225

11.9

4762

.148

84.4

9062

.911

976.

526

22.2

4438

.111

388.

350

26.2

9254

.981

74.7

1178

3.5

9431

.913

226

1815

2.6

0.4

0.7

0.65

0.52

50.

650.

550.

575

0.65

0.57

50.

550.

450.

475

0.8

0.65 0.5

0.82

50.

825

0.82

50.

750.

675

0.8

0.7

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.52

50.

70.

550.

975

0.8

0.65 1.1

1.1

0.95

0.82

51

0.85

0.75

s =

0.2

5 h

o

s

F

sI

sII

s

III

s =

0.5

ho

s =

0.7

5 h

os =

ho

s

F

sO

M

s

F

sI

sII

s

III

s

F

sI

sII

s

III

249

251

245

214

265

246

285

261

265

296

246

284

307

266

234

229

263

298

244

240

286

270

254

276

264

192

302

249

299

255

247

272

303

277

254

347

307

288

Pre

load.

s =

0.1

5 h

o

s

F

sII

I

12

DIS

C S

PR

ING

S T

O D

IN 2

093

1.8

2.5

3.0

3.5

2.5 3 3 4 2 2.5 4

2.25 3 4 5 2.5

3.5 5 4 5 2.7

3.5 4 5 6 3 4 6 3.5 5 3.8 5 4.3 6 4.8 6 5.5

1.30

60.

70.

567

0.4

0.96 0.7

0.7

0.45 1.3

0.8

0.4

1.31

10.

767

0.55

0.34

1.28

0.71

40.

40.

80.

551.

296

0.8

0.75

0.56

0.36

71.

30.

80.

417

1.28

60.

71.

289

0.8

1.30

20.

751.

292

0.85

1.27

3

4.15

4.25 4.7

4.9

4.9

5.1

5.1

5.8

4.6

4.5

5.6

5.2

5.3

6.2

6.7

5.7 6 7 7.2

7.75 6.2

6.3 7 7.8

8.2

6.9

7.2

8.5 8 8.5

8.7 9 9.9

10.5 11 11.1

12.5

2.35

1.75 1.7

1.4

2.4

2.1

2.1

1.8

2.6 2 1.6

2.95 2.3

2.2

1.7

3.2

2.5 2 3.2

2.75 3.5

2.8 3 2.8

2.2

3.9

3.2

2.5

4.5

3.5

4.9 4 5.6

4.5

6.2

5.1 7

C B A C B A C B A C B A C B A C B A C B C B C B C B C

D

e D

i t

l o

ho

ho/t

DIN Series

Dim

en

sio

ns

0.35

30.

263

0.25

50.

210.

360.

315

0.31

50.

270.

39 0.3

0.24

0.44

30.

345

0.33

0.25

50.

480.

375

0.3

0.48

0.41

30.

525

0.42

0.45

0.42

0.33

0.58

50.

480.

375

0.67

50.

525

0.73

50.

60.

840.

675

0.93

0.76

51.

05

1566

.518

50.1

2807

.933

00.6

2421

.329

40.6

3162

.253

76.3

1895

.318

38.1

4510

.924

51.5

2817

5407

.271

91.9

2799

.836

75.3

6887

.655

34.8

7650

3165

.435

72.2

5481

.686

36.7

1040

1.1

3864

.748

51.9

9672

.256

3576

96.8

6298

.676

30.8

8058

.410

873.

296

97.6

1056

813

103.

9

63 63 63 63 70 70 70 70 71 71 71 80 80 80 80 90 90 90 100

100

100

100

100

100

100

112

112

112

125

125

140

140

160

160

180

180

200

31 31 31 31 30.5

30.5

35.5

35.5

36 36 36 41 41 41 41 46 46 46 41 41 51 51 51 51 51 57 57 57 64 64 72 72 82 82 92 92 102

De

sig

n F

orc

e,

De

fle

cti

on

an

d S

tre

ss

es

Ba

se

d o

n E

= 2

06

kN

/mm

2 a

nd

µ =

0.3

0.58

80.

438

0.42

50.

35 0.6

0.52

50.

525

0.45

0.65 0.5

0.4

0.73

80.

575

0.55

0.42

50.

80.

625

0.5

0.8

0.68

80.

875

0.7

0.75 0.7

0.55

0.97

50.

80.

625

1.12

50.

875

1.22

51 1.4

1.12

51.

551.

275

1.75

2363

.629

41.7

4523

.953

99.4

3755

.146

75.6

5027

.987

57.1

2860

.928

93.9

7379

.236

97.6

4449

.687

25.7

1182

1.4

4232

5835

.511

267.

287

14.1

1234

547

79.2

5624

.286

72.8

1392

3.7

1706

1.1

5833

.576

38.9

1580

0.3

8514

1223

8.1

9514

.212

014.

112

161.

717

203.

214

646.

316

558.

319

817.

1

-961

-763

-830

-726

-961

-895

-892

-891

-932

-723

-748

-942

-774

-883

-755

-886

-756

-728

-944

-896

-853

-715

-854

-903

-763

-843

-744

-712

-907

-778

-856

-745

-852

-751

-828

-705

-861

-4 227

324

383

153

276

264

430

-5 169

393

-9 196

354

439 2 216

382

238

374

-3 167

225

355

424

-4 173

363 0 229

-2 173

-6 197

-2 144 5

536

410

441

380

475

433

493

482

532

402

402

544

434

486

407

509

421

394

437

404

490

399

476

496

411

483

415

384

522

433

495

419

491

420

476

396

494

3657

.652

69.8

8372

.810

359

6297

.283

76.1

9007

.216

633.

744

32.3

5054

.114

157.

357

15.1

7837

.616

212.

622

928.

465

84.5

1041

6.4

2161

6.6

1521

922

937.

474

10.1

9822

.615

341.

425

810.

432

936.

690

37.7

1334

1.1

3021

5.3

1323

0.7

2192

3.9

1477

3.1

2098

2.4

1883

2.5

3043

0.8

2273

1.3

2855

1.6

3088

1.7

-178

5-1

449

-158

7-1

403

-180

7-1

701

-169

4-1

716

-173

0-1

366

-144

5-1

749

-146

6-1

690

-146

5-1

646

-143

4-1

406

-178

8-1

717

-158

4-1

351

-161

8-1

728

-147

7-1

565

-140

6-1

373

-168

4-1

477

-159

0-1

408

-158

1-1

423

-153

7-1

331

-159

9

4462

.789

03.6

1494

5.9

1954

5.3

9359

.614

151.

815

218.

230

919.

454

25.9

8151

.826

712

6950

1284

4.2

2912

1.8

4395

1.5

8157

.217

487.

140

786.

124

546.

841

201

9091

.415

842.

825

338

4618

962

711.

511

063.

721

518

5673

6.9

1633

5.2

3704

1.4

1819

8.7

3384

2.6

2302

2.3

5025

9.9

2796

5.8

4493

038

423.

5

-131

5-1

360

-158

6-1

524

-143

0-1

502

-161

5-1

845

-129

5-1

246

-159

4-1

311

-136

3-1

738

-167

9-1

246

-136

3-1

558

-146

5-1

574

-119

1-1

235

-151

2-1

764

-166

3-1

174

-128

4-1

505

-127

3-1

415

-120

3-1

293

-118

9-1

333

-115

9-1

192

-121

3

1351

1088

1189

1047

1225

1145

1307

1319

1342

1055

1109

1370

1142

1314

1135

1286

1114

1088

1144

1089

1235

1049

1255

1337

1139

1218

1090

1058

1318

1149

1249

1101

1238

1109

1201

1035

1247

2.35

1.75 1.7

1.4

2.4

2.1

2.1

1.8

2.6 2 1.6

2.95 2.3

2.2

1.7

3.2

2.5 2 3.2

2.75 3.5

2.8 3 2.8

2.2

3.9

3.2

2.5

4.5

3.5

4.9 4 5.6

4.5

6.2

5.1 7

-247

0-2

059

-227

3-2

030

-253

8-2

418

-240

7-2

476

-239

4-1

931

-209

1-2

419

-207

4-2

422

-213

0-2

280

-203

5-2

035

-253

0-2

464

-219

2-1

909

-229

2-2

475

-214

3-2

165

-198

7-1

985

-233

1-2

099

-220

1-1

990

-218

8-2

016

-212

8-1

875

-221

6

402

912

1190

1296

806

1093

1060

1486

388

744

1332

379

835

1288

1453

385

879

1295

1017

1346

357

734

944

1301

1418

350

765

1239

388

923

362

764

350

830

350

672

381

130

531

721

815

422

640

617

925

125

417

837

117

474

783

924

130

509

814

577

823

116

411

540

789

897

112

428

777

129

537

119

428

111

474

115

368

131

1.76

31.

313

1.27

51.

05 1.8

1.57

51.

575

1.35

1.95 1.5

1.2

2.21

31.

725

1.65

1.27

52.

41.

875

1.5

2.4

2.06

32.

625

2.1

2.25 2.1

1.65

2.92

52.

41.

875

3.37

52.

625

3.67

53 4.2

3.37

54.

653.

825

5.25

986

773

838

729

883

814

928

921

980

754

772

1000

814

924

786

938

792

757

818

767

902

749

894

942

790

889

778

737

961

816

911

787

904

790

877

742

910

4238

.471

8911

771.

815

025.

480

30.6

1142

6.4

1228

7.5

2392

3.3

5144

6725

.320

534.

866

12.6

1051

7.9

2287

3.7

3355

9.1

7684

.114

160.

831

354.

320

251.

132

361.

386

08.8

1307

0.3

2067

3.7

3633

9.2

4802

1.7

1048

8.9

1775

2.3

4370

715

415.

929

908

1719

5.1

2792

0.2

2184

2.5

4100

7.9

2644

2.1

3750

1.6

3611

1.3

1.17

50.

875

0.85 0.7

1.2

1.05

1.05 0.9

1.3 1 0.8

1.47

51.

15 1.1

0.85 1.6

1.25 1 1.6

1.37

51.

75 1.4

1.5

1.4

1.1

1.95 1.6

1.25

2.25

1.75

2.45 2 2.8

2.25 3.1

2.55 3.5

s =

0.2

5 h

o

s

F

sI

sII

s

III

s =

0.5

ho

s

F

sI

sII

s

III

s =

0.7

5 h

o

s

F

sI

sII

s

III

s =

ho

s

F

sO

M

332

252

270

231

293

266

302

294

330

247

245

337

267

298

248

315

258

240

269

247

303

246

292

303

250

299

255

234

323

266

306

258

304

258

295

244

306

Pre

load.

s =

0.1

5 h

o

s

F

sII

I

13

BALL BEARING DISC SPRINGS

Axial preloading of bearings with Spirol bearing disc springs extends the bearing life and eliminates excessive running noise.

One or more disc springs can be used. In most cases the outer race of the ball bearing is preloaded with the disc spring. In some cases it is desirable to preload the inner race. Accordingly, disc springs designed for the outer race of one bearing will also fit the inner race of another bearing.

The recommended preload is achieved when the disc is deflected to 75% of the free cone heights (ho). The ho/t ratio is designed so that the spring load remains nearly constant for a large deflection range. Tolerance build up and variations resulting from expansion can be accommodated without a significant change in preload.

STANDARD MATERIALS

“ t ” less than 1.25 mm Ck67, CS70, AISI 1070

“ t ” 1.25 mm and thicker 50CrV4 (WNr 1.8159) AISI 6150

Austempered to HRC 42 - 52 / HV 412 - 544

STANDARD FINISH

R Phosphate coated, oiled

B

W

De

Di

lotho

TO ORDER: Product / De x Di x t / material code / finish codeEXAMPLE: BRG 41.6 x 25.5 x 0.5 B R

9.812.815.818.818.821.823.725.727.729.731.734.634.636.639.641.646.551.554.561.567.571.571.574.579.579.584.589.589.594.59999

109109114119119124

0.40.5

0.550.650.7

0.750.90.91

1.11.11.11.21.31.31.41.51.51.51.81.72.12.11.92.32.32.52.52.52.22.62.62.72.7

2.452.82.83

634635

627

629

62006201

6202

6203

62046205

6206

6207

62086209

6210

6211

6212

62136214

0.20.250.3

0.350.350.40.50.50.60.70.70.70.70.80.80.90.90.90.91.11

1.41.41.11.51.51.61.61.61.21.61.6

1.451.451.2

1.551.551.75

0.150.1880.2250.2630.263

0.30.3750.3750.450.5250.5250.5250.525

0.60.6

0.6750.6750.6750.6750.8250.751.051.050.8251.1251.125

1.21.21.20.91.21.2

1.0881.088

0.91.1631.1631.313

23.229.323

31.350.746.380.663.580

82.881

61.4118.4110.2109.9113.3153.5135.5141.3175.6161.3184.9218.3211.3227.5263.4358.7287.8335.3324.7292.3332.3357.1397.9398.2319.9392.6444.8

6.27.28.29.2

10.212.314.314.317.317.420.420.422.420.425.525.530.535.540.540.550.545.550.555.550.555.560.560.565.575.565.570.570.575.590.575.585.590.5

EL3EL4EL5EL6EL7EL8EL9

6300

6301

630263036304

6305

6306

6307

6308

6309

6310

6311

0.20.250.250.3

0.350.350.40.40.40.40.40.40.50.50.50.50.60.60.60.70.70.70.70.80.80.80.90.90.9111

1.251.251.251.251.251.25

623624625626607608609600

6001

6002

6003

60046005

600660076008

6009

6010

60116012

6013

60146015

6016

De Di t lo ho s,mm F (N)

Ball Bearing Size

Dimensions s = 0.75 ho

Predictable preloading of bearings results in quiet running and long life. Disc springs may also be used to preload seals, packings, clutches and other machine elements.

De

Di

14© 2009 Spirol International Corporation 1M 11/09

CONICAL SPRING WASHERS

Designed in accordance with DIN 6796 for use with high tensile bolts in Classes 8.8 to 10.9.

Since the spring force exerted is predictable, spring washers provide a simple effective means of determining bolt tension required to achieve a properly torqued assembly. In addition, tension, which would otherwise be lost to expansion, wear, or compression set, is maintained.

TO ORDER: Product / d2 x d1 x t / material code / finish codeEXAMPLE: LWR 9 x 4.3 x 1 B K

MATERIAL: B Spring steel heat treated to HV 420-510

FINISH: K Plain (natural), oiled

Nominal d1 d2 s h h Force Force Size H14 h14 max1) min2) N Test3) N4)

2 2.2 5 0.4 0.6 0.5 920 628 2.5 2.7 6 0.5 0.72 0.61 1540 946 3 3.2 7 0.6 0.85 0.72 2350 1320 3.5 3.7 8 0.8 1.06 0.92 3160 2410 4 4.3 9 1 1.3 1.12 4050 3770 5 5.3 11 1.2 1.55 1.35 6700 5480 6 6.4 14 1.5 2 1.7 9400 8590 7 7.4 17 1.75 2.3 2 13700 11300 8 8.4 18 2 2.6 2.24 17200 14900 10 10.5 23 2.5 3.2 2.8 27500 22100 12 13 29 3 3.95 3.43 40000 34100 14 15 35 3.5 4.65 4.04 55000 46000 16 17 39 4 5.25 4.58 75000 59700 18 19 42 4.5 5.8 5.08 95000 74400 20 21 45 5 6.4 5.6 122000 93200 22 23 49 5.5 7.05 6.15 152000 113700 24 25 56 6 7.75 6.77 175000 131000 27 28 60 6.5 8.35 7.3 230000 154000 30 31 70 7 9.2 8 280000 172000

1) Maximum height at delivery2) Minimum height after test for permanent set as specified in DIN 267 Part 26 3) Compression test load4) Calculated spring force at deflection equals hmin - s

d1

hs

d2

e-mail: info@spirol.com

Canada

Mexico

Europe

U.S.A. Spirol International Corporation30 Rock AvenueDanielson, Connecticut 06239Tel. +1 (1) 860.774.8571Fax. +1 (1) 860.774.2048

Spirol West Inc.1950 Compton Avenue, Unit 111Corona, California 92881-6471Tel. +1 (1) 951.273.5900Fax. +1 (1) 951.273.5907

Spirol International Corporation Shim Division321 Remington RoadStow, Ohio 44224Tel. +1 (1) 330.920.3655Fax. +1 (1) 330.920.3659

Spirol Distribution(For Distributor Customers) 30 Rock AvenueDanielson, Connecticut 06239Tel. +1 (1) 860.774.8571Fax. +1 (1) 860.774.0487

Spirol Industries, Ltd.3103 St. Etienne BoulevardWindsor, OntarioCanada N8W 5B1Tel. +1 (1) 519.974.3334Fax. +1 (1) 519.974.6550

Spirol México, S.A. de C.V.Carretera a Laredo KM 16.5 Interior ECol. Moisés SaenzApodaca, N.L. 66613 Méxicoó Apdo. Postal 151 de Apodaca, N.L.Tel. +52 (01) 81 8385 4390Fax. +52 (01) 81 8385 4391

Spirol Industries, Ltd.Princewood RoadCorby, NorthantsEngland NN17 4ETTel. +44 (0) 1536 444800Fax. +44 (0) 1536 203415(UK Distributors: Tel. 0800 3890034)

Spirol SASRue Henri Rol TanguyZ.A. Les Naux51450 Bétheny - ReimsFranceTel. +33 (0) 3 26 36 31 42 Fax. +33 (0) 3 26 09 19 76

Spirol GmbHBrienner Strasse 980333 MunichGermanyTel. +49 (0) 931 454 670 74Fax. +49 (0) 931 454 670 75

Spirol International EngineeredFastener Trading Co. Ltd.No. 11 Xi Ya Rd. NorthSection A, 1F, Building 14Wai Gao Qiao Free Trade ZoneShanghai, China 200131Tel. +86 (0) 21 5046-1451/1452Fax. +86 (0) 21 5046-1540

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