DIRECTORATE OF SCHOOL EDUCATION, … · osteomalasia 1.3.5.Orthopaedics 1.3.6.Gout 2 periods....

DIRECTORATE OF SCHOOL EDUCATION, GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU, CHENNAI - 600 006.BIOLOGY - ZOOLOGY SYLLABUS

Level of Organisation1.1. Cellular Level Organisation

STANDARD

Expected SpecificOutcomes of Learning

Contentent in termsof Concepts

CurriculumTransactional Strategies Illustrations Evaluation

SuggestedNo. of Periods

1 2 3 4 5 6

1

I Human Physiology

1.1. Nutrition

1.1.1 Carbohydrates

1.1.2 Proteins

1.1.3 Lipids

1.1.4 Vitamins

1.1.5 Minerals

1.1.6 Water

1.1.7 Balanced diet

1.1.8 Calorie values

(ICMR standards)

1.1.9 Obesity

1.1.10 Hyperglycemia,

Hypoglycemia,

Diabetes mellitus

1.1.11 Malnutritious

1. Recalls various nutritivemethods in animals

2. Recollects types ofcarbohydrates, proteinsand fats

3. Knows the importanceof vitamins in the diet.

4. Knows the calorinevalue of carbohydratesand Lipids

5. Understands the causefor obesity

5. Realises the role ofhormones in Glucosemetablosim

1. Charts

XII

1. Diagramsshowingsources ofnutrients

2. Suitabletables relatedto vitaminsand minerals.

1. Name any 3polysacharides

2. What areessentialamino acids?

3. What is�PUFA�?

4. What is thecalorierequirement ofan Indian?

5. Write notes onDiabetesmellitus



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

2

I Human Physiology

1.2. Digestion -

Enzymes and

enzyme action.

Brief account of

following :

1.2.1. Pyorrhoea

1.2.2. Dental caries -

Root canal

therapy

1.2.3. Peptic ulcer

1.2.4. Hernia

1.2.5. Appendicitis

1.2.6. Gall bladder

stone

1.2.7. Liver cirrhosis

1.2.8. Hepatitis

1. Recalls the importanceof oral hygiene

2. Understands the causefor peptic ulcer.

3. Knows the causes forliver damage

4. Recollects the processesof digestion ofCarbohydrates,Proteins and Lipids.

Using charts and diagrams

XII

1. Diagramsshowingdental cariesand otherillnesses

1. Desribe theprocess ofdiagestion oflipids.

2. Name thecarbohydratedigestingenzymes

3. What is rootcanaltreatment?

4. What is viralhepatitis?

5. What isendoscopy?

3 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

3

I Human Physiology

1. Recalls the importanceof oral hygiene

2. Understands the causefor peptic ulcer

3. Knows the causes forliver damage

4. Recollect the processesof digestion ofcarbohydrates, proteinsand lipids.

Using charts and diagrams

XII

1. Relevantpictures

1. Give anaccount ofvarious typesof fractures

2. DifferentiateRickets andOsteomalacia

3. What is Gout?

4. Mention thevarious typesof bone jointswith suitableexamples.

5. What isOrthopaedics?

1.3. Bones andJoints (Majortypes)

1.3.1. Fractures

1.3.2. Dislocations

1.3.3. Arthritis

1.3.4. Rickets andosteomalasia

1.3.5. Orthopaedics

1.3.6. Gout

2 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

4

I Human Physiology

1. Recalls the mechanismof muscle action

2. What is the role actinand myosin in musclecontraction?

3. Knows the importanceof physical exercise

Charts

XII

Relevantdiagrams orPhotographs

1. What is rigormortis?

2. What isMyopathy?

1.4. Muscles

1.4.1. Muscle action

1.4.2. Muscle tone,Rigor mortis

1.4.3. Muscle Pull(Hernia)

1.4.4. Isometric andaerobicexercises (Bodybuilding)

1.4.5. Myastheniagravis

2 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

5

1. Knows the mechanismof pulmonaryrespiration.

2. Becomes familiar withalveolar structure andexchange of gases.

3. Knows about nervouscontrol of respiration.

4. Understands theimportance of yoga.

1. Bell-Jar and baloonsexpt.

2. Practicing breathingexercises

XII

1. Diagramsshowinginspirationandexpiration

1. How doesexchange ofgases happenat the alveolarsurface?

2. What ispleurisy?

3. What is thetreatment forTuberculosis?

4. What is theimportance ofTranscendentalmeditation?

I Human Physiology

1.5. Respiration

1.5. Respiration

1.5.1. Process ofpulmonaryrespiration

1.5.2. Inspiration -Expiration

1.5.3. Exchange ofgases at alveolarlevel

1.5.4. Control ofrespiration

1.5.5. Pneumonia

1.5.6. Pleurisy

1.5.7. Tuberculosis

1.5.8. Bronchitis

1.5.9. Beathingexercises - Yoga,Transcendentalmeditation

3 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

6

I Human Physiology

1.6. Circulation

1. Recalls the functioningof human heart.

2. Understands theimportance of coronaryblood vessel

3. Becomes familiar withvarious types of heartailments.

4. Understands theimportance of bloodpressure.

5. Knows the mechanismof blood clotting.

Charts, Diagrams models,Video clipping

XII

1. Structure ofheart showingSA node, AVnode andbundle of his.

2. ECG

1. What is anartificialpacemaker?

2. What is heartattack?

3. What ismyocardialinfarction?

4. Why is RHDcaused?

5. What is therole of lymph?

1.6. Circulation1.6.1. Functioning of heart1.6.1.1. Origin and conduction of

heart beat. Artificialpacemaker

1.6.1.2. Coronary blood vessel andits significance

1.6.1.3. Myocardial infarction,Angina pectoris

1.6.1.4. Angiogram, angioplasty andcoronary bipass surgery

1.6.1.5. Atherosclerosis - Heartattack.

1.6.1.6. Heart block1.6.1.7. ECG and Echo cardiograph1.6.1.8. Heart valves1.6.1.9. Rheumatic Heart Disease

(RHD)1.6.1.10. ICCU1.6.2. Arterial and venous systems1.6.2.1. Blood pressure1.6.2.2. Pulse rate1.6.2.3. Heart transplantation1.6.2.4. Resuscitation in Heart

attack (First Aid)1.6.2.5. Blood components -

Functions1.6.2.6. Plasma1.6.2.7. Corpuscles1.6.2.8. Blood clotting -

Anticoagulants - Thrombosis1.6.2.9. Embolism1.6.2.10. Blood related diseases like

Polycythemia Leukemia,Anaemia etc.

1.6.2.11. Blood donation, Blood banks1.6.2.12. Lymph fluid - Physiological

role

4 Periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

7

I Human Physiology

1. Recalls the functions ofvarious regions of thebrain.

2. Understandsconditioned reflex

3. Becomes familiar withhormones and theirmode of action.

Charts, Diagrams,Pictures,Video clippings.

XII

1. Suitablediagrams.

2. Flow chartsfor hormonalactions.

1. What is therole ofmedullaoblongata.

2. What is therole of CSF?

3. Mention thenames ofReproductivehormones andtheirfunctiions.

4. Mention theimportance ofInsulin andGlucagon.

1.7. Co-ordinating Systems1.7.1. Brain -Functioning of

different regions1.7.1.1. Memory1.7.1.2. Sleep1.7.1.3. Stroke1.7.1.4. Alzhemier�s disease1.7.1.5. Meningitis / Brain fever1.7.1.6. Conditioned reflex1.7.1.7. Electro encephalography1.7.1.8. Right brain - left brain

concept1.7.2. Spinal cord - Functioning1.7.2.1. Reflex action1.7.2.2. CSF1.7.3. Chemical co-ordination1.7.3.1. Pituitary (Hormones of

AdenohypophysisNeurohypophysis and theirregulations)

1.7.3.2. Thyroid, Parathyroidalhormones

1.7.3.3. Insulin and Glucagan1.7.3.4. Hormones of Adrenal cortex

and Medulla1.7.3.5. Reproductive Hormones1.7.3.6. Problems related to

Secretion - Non Secretion ofHormones.

5 Periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

8

I Human Physiology

1.8. Receptor Organs

1. Recalls the functioningof Eye and Ear

2. Becomes familiar witheye ailments.

3. Knows the causes forhearing impairments

4. Knows the effects ofsolar radiations on theskin.

Charts, Diagrams,Models andVideo clippings.

XII

Appropriatediagrams

1. How do wefeel what wesee?

2. What isOptometry?

3. What aretypes of thehearing aidsavailable?

4. How shouldwe take careof our eyes?

1.8. Receptor Organs1.8.1. EYE1.8.1.1. Focussing Mechanism &

Photo chemistry of retina1.8.1.2. Short sightedness - Long

sightedness1.8.1.3. Optometry1.8.1.4. Retinopathy1.8.1.5. Cataract1.8.1.6. Lens replacement1.8.1.7. Nyctalopia1.8.1.8. Eye infections1.8.1.9. Conjunctivitis / Glaucoma1.8.1.10. Eye care1.8.2. EAR1.8.2.1. Hearing mechanism - Organ

of corti1.8.2.2. Hearing impairments and

aids1.8.2.3. Noise pollution and its

importance1.8.3. SKIN1.8.3.1. Melanin - Functions1.8.3.2. Effect of solar radiations /

UV1.8.3.3. Skin Grafting1.8.3.4. Dermatitis1.8.4. TONGUE1.8.4.1. Gustatory reception

5 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

9

I Human Physiology

1.9. Excretion

1. Knows the process ofsynthesis of urea.

2. Recalls the functioningof Nephrons

3. Knows the influence ofdiabetes mellitus on thekidney functioning

Charts, Diagrams andModels.

XII

Diagramshowingfiltration andreabsorptionby thenephrons

1. Mention thequantities ofsubstancesfiltered,reabsorbedand secretedthroughNephrons.

2. What are thetypes ofDialysis?

3. What isdialysis?

4. What are theproblemsrelated tokidneytransplantation?

1.9. Excretion

1.9.1. Ureotelism - UreaBiosynthesis(OrninthineCycle)

1.9.2. Nephronultrafiltration,tubularreabsorption andtubular secretion

1.9.3. Renal failure -Dialysis - Kidneystone - formation

1.9.4. KidneyTransplantation

1.9.5. Diabetes

3 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

10

I Human Physiology

1. Recalls the stages ofspermatogenesis andOogenesis

2. Understands themethods andimportance of birthcontrol.

3. Knows all about thesexually transmitteddiseases.

Charts and Diagrams

XII

Diagramsshowinginvitrofertilisation

1. What is sexhygiene?

2. Describemenstrualcycle

3. Write an essayon AIDS.

1.10. Reproductivesystem

1.10.1. Brief account ofspermatogenesisOogenesis -Menstrual cycle

1.10.2. Invitrofertilization

1.10.3. Birth control

1.10.4. SexuallyTransmittedDiseases (STD),AIDS

2 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

11

II- Microbiology

1. Becomes familiar withthe pioneering workson medicalmicrobilogy.

2. Knows all about LouisPasteur

3. Understands theimportance of the studyof virolgy

4. Knows all aboutdiseases and micro-organisms

XII

Relevantdiagrams.

1. What was thecontribution ofKoch andLister toMicrobiology?

2. Give anaccount ofdiseasescaused bymicro-organisms.

3. What isdiseaseresistance?

Charts, Diagrams,Paper clippings

2.1. Introduction2.2. History of

MedicalMicrobiology

2.3. The Influence ofPasteur, Kochand Lister

2.4. Virology -Structure,Genetics,Culture anddiseases

2.5. AIDS and itscontrol

2.6. Bacteriology -Structure,Genetics anddiseases.

2.7. Protozoanmicrobiology -Disease related

2.8. Larvalmicrobiology -Disease oriented

2.9. Pathogenecity ofMicro -organism

2.10. Anti microbialresistance

2.11. Chemotherapy

6 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

12

III Immunology

3.1. Immunity

1. Become familiar withimmune systems.

2. Knows about naturalimmunity.

3. Understands acquiredimmunity.

XII

Appropriatediagrams

1. Defineimmunity.

2. Differentiateinnate andacquiredimmunity.

3.1. Immunity

3.1.1. Immune system

3.1.2. Innateimmunity

3.1.3. Acquiredimmunity -Humoral

2 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

13

III Immunology

3.2. Innate imunity

1. Understands theimportance ofLymphiod cells inimmunity.

2. Knows aboutimmunoglobulins

3. Realises the role ofphagocytes.

XII

Relevantdiagrams

1. What aremono nuclearphagocytes?

2. What arecytokines?

3. ExplainAntigen -antibodyreactions.

Charts, Diagrams3.2. Innateimmunity

3.2.1. Lymphoid cells

3.2.2. Mono nuclearphagocytes

3.2.3. Poly morphonuclear phagocytes

3.2.4. Cytokines

3.2.5. Structure ofAntibody (Ig)

3.2.6. Antigen - antibodyreactions

3 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

14

III Immunology

3.3. Acquired immunity, 3.4 Infections and immunity

1. Recalls types ofacquired immunity

2. Knows the role ofmonoclonal antibodies.

3. Understands theprocess of infection.

XII

Relevantdiagrams

1. Describe theprocess ofdevelopementof immunity?

2. What iscytotoxicity?

Charts and Diagrams3.3. Acquiredimmunity

3.3.1. Development ofimmune system

3.3.2. T-cell activation

3.3.3. Monoclonalantibodies

3.3.4. Cytotoxicity

3.4. Infections andImmunity

3 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

15

III Immunology

3.5. Immunology of Tissue Transplantation 3.6. Immune deficiency diseases (or) Immunopathology

1. Knows various types oftransplantations.

2. Understands problemsrelated transplantations

3. Realises that diseasesbecome serious due toimmune deficiency

XII

Suitablediagrams?

1. What is xenotransplantation ?

2. What are theorgans that aretransplanted?

3. What is tissuerejection?

4. Name theimmunedificiencydisesases.

3.5. Immunologyof TissueTransplantation

3.6. Immunedeficiencydiseases (or)Immuno -pathology

2 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

16

IV Modern Genetics

1. Realises the scope ofapplied genetics

2. Knows about geneticdiseases

3. Understands theimportance of HumanGenome project.

4. Knows the applicationof Bio-informatics.

XII

Suitablediagrams,Photographs.

1. What isrecombinantDNAtechnology?

2. What aretransgenicorganisms?

3. Discuss theimportance ofgenetheraphy.

Charts, diagrams,paper clippings

4.1. Introduction -Scope

4.2. Human Genetics

Karyotyping,Chromosome genemapping,Recombinant DNAtechnology andsegmenting

4.3. Genetic diseases

4.4. Human Genomeproject

4.5. Cloning

4.6. Transgenicorganisms -GeneticallyModifiedOrganisms (GMO)

4.7. Genetherapy

4.8. Bio informatics -application

4.9. DNA sequencingand proteinsequencing andProtein structure.Biological database

8 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

17

V Environemtal Sciences

1.Understands problemsrelated to humanpopulation increases.

2. Recalls the issuesrelated to globalwarming

3. Understands thesignificance of wastemanagement

4. Realises that povertycan causeenvironementaldegradation

XII

SuitableDiagrams

1. How canpopulationincrease causeenvironmentaldamage?

2. Can weprevent ozonelayerdepletion?

3. Write an essayon energyrequirementandenvironmentaldegradation.

4. How can wesolve freshwater crisis?

Charts, Diagrams,Photographs, PaperClippings.

5.1. Humanpopulation andexplosion -Issues

5.2. Global warming -Crisis - GreenHouse Effect

5.3. Ozone layerdepletion

5.4. Wastemangement

5.5. Biodiversityconservation(Biospherereserves) -Government andNonGovermentalorganisationsinvolved.

5.6. Energy crisis andEnvironmentalimpact.

5.7. Poverty andenvironment

5.8. Fresh watercrisis andmanagement

8 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

18

VI Applied Biology

6.1. Livestock and Management, 6.2. Poulthy - Farming Techniques 6.3. Piscicultures.XII

6.1. Livestock andManagement

6.1.1. Dairy

6.1.2. Breeds of cattle

6.1.3. Miltch breed

6.1.4. Draught breed

6.1.5. Dual purpose

6.1.6. Common diseasesand control

6.1.7. Exotic and crossbreds

6.1.8. Techniquesadapted in caltlebreeding

6.2. Poultry - Farmingtechniques

6.2.1. Breeds6.3. Pisciculture

6.3.1. Fish farming

6.3.2. Edible fishes ofTamilnadu

1. Recalls livestockmanagement

2. Becomes familiar withbreeds of cattle

3. Knows the value ofexotic varieties

4. Knows about �WhiteRevolution�

5. Understands the basicprinciples of fishfarming.

6. Becomes familiar withlocal fishes.

Diagrams ofvariousbreeds.

1. What is theimportance ofcross breds?

2. What are thecommondiseases ofcattle?

3. Mention thenames ofedible fishesof Tamilnadu?

1. Visit to dairies andAquaculture farms

2. Seeing actual andpreserved ediblefishes of Tamilnadu.

7 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

19

VI Applied Biology

6.4. Medical Lab-Techniques

1. Knows the basicprinciple involved inthe functioning of BPapparatus.

2. Understands the�PQRST� wave inECG.

3. Knows the applicationof CT Scan

XII

Relevant picturer 1. What is theuse of astethescope?

2. Mention themethod forfinding sugarin the urine?

3. What is CTScan?

4. What are autoanalysers?

6.4. Medical Lab -Techniques

6.4.1. Stethescope

6.4.2. Sphygmomonometer

6.4.3. Heamocytometer

6.4.4. Urine - Sugaranalysis

6.4.5. ECG - �PQRST�wave

6.4.6. CT Scan

6.4.7. Endoscopic(Laproscopic)techniques

6.4.8. Artificialpacemaker

6.4.9. Auto analyser

1. Visit to a medicallaboratory

2. Visit to an hospital

3. Showing anelectrocardio graph

7 periods



STANDARD





1 2 3 4 5 6

20

VII Theories of Evolution

1. Becomes familiar withthe theories ofevolution.

2. Understands the basicidea of evolutionprovided by Lamarckand Darwin.

3. Realises the importanceof isolating mechanismsin maintenance of aspecies.

XII

Appropriatediagrams

1. What isNeolamarckism?

2. Write an essayon modernconcept ofnaturalselection?

3. Define species

4. What are thevariousisolatingmechanisms?

7.1. Lamarckism

7.2. Neolamarckism

7.3. Darwinism

7.4. Neo Darwinism /Modern Conceptof Naturalselection

7.5. Species concept

7.6. Origin of speciesand IsolatingMechanisms

9 periods

1. Qualitative test for carbohydrates, proteins andlipids - 1 test each

2. Test of urea in urine of a mammal

3. Rate of activity of human salivary amylase inrelation to temperature and pH

4. Study of prepared slides - Entamoeba, Scolex oftapeworm, mature proglottid, Redblood corpuscles, white blood corpuscles

5. Models and spicimens - Mammalian Brain / model,Eye model, Ear model,Mammalian Kidney - Nephron model, Heart model

6. Instruments / Drugs -

1. Stethescope

2. Sphygmomonometer

3. An eye drop bottle having antibiotic fluid

4. Eye lotion

5. Bifocal eye lens

SYLLABUS FOR PRACTICAL

ZOOLOGY - (Short Version)

STANDARD - XII

7. Project Report

1. Visit to Medical Laboratory / Hospital / ResearchLaboratory

2. Visit to a Dairy / Polutry / Fish farm

3. Visit to a site having rain water harvesting

DIRECTORATE OF SCHOOL EDUCATION, … · osteomalasia 1.3.5.Orthopaedics 1.3.6.Gout 2 periods....

Documents

Transcript of DIRECTORATE OF SCHOOL EDUCATION, … · osteomalasia 1.3.5.Orthopaedics 1.3.6.Gout 2 periods....