Unit 1 Friendship Grammar Direct speech & Indirect speech Grammar Direct speech & Indirect speech.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
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Transcript of DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
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DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
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DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECHDIRECT SPEECHCHARACTERISTICS:
It is original quotation of a talk It is always placed between two quotation
marks It is always preceded by Capital letter
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Colon (:), Comma (,) are placed before direct speech when the introductory verb position is in the front
Comma (,) are placed after direct speech when the introductory verb position is placed after or between the direct speech
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The use of punctuation like exclamation mark (!), question mark (?) that point type of sentence of direct speech do not change
Eg. - ‘Where do you live?’ she asked - My mother says to my sister: ‘Wash your
hands!’- She yelled at me: ‘Don’t have the door
open!’
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INDIRECT SPEECH It is a kind of report sentence
(reported speech) It retells one’s talk or idea It undergoes certain modification
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It has three types of indirect speech 1. Imperative (Command/request)2. Declarative (Statement)3. Interrogative (question
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1. Imperative (Command/request)
– The reported is a command – Because of a command so that it
does not know subject – The verb in direct imperative does
not change
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- Imperative has contain verb 1 like go, sleep, open etc so in the indirect speech is preceded by to infinitive) namely to go, to sleep, to open
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It also has non verb, so the reported command is preceded by ‘Be + adjective/adverb!’ like: be quiet, be happy, be here so in the Indirect Speech it becomes to be quiet, to be happy, to be here
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POSITIVE IMPERATIVE:INDIRECT SPEECH She told me to go away
She ordered her to go away
She asked him to come thereShe commended them to come there
I begged us to be quiteI suggested the children to be quite
She ordered the children to be quiet
She warned to be happy
She asked him to help her
oooooooooooooooooooo
DIRECT SPEECH
She said, “Go away!” “Come here!” she said. I said, “Be quite!” ‘Be quiet!’ she yelled at the children She begged, “Be happy!” ‘Please help me!’ she told him ooooooooooooooooooo
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NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE:INDIRECT SPEECH She told me not to go awayShe ordered her not to go awayShe asked him not to come thereShe commended them not to come there
I begged us not to be noisyI suggested the children not to be noisy
She warned us not to be lazy
She advised Laila not to be lazyShe told him not to worry about itoooooooooooooooooooo
DIRECT SPEECH
She said, “Don’t go away!”“Don’t Come here!” she saidI said, “Don’t Be noisy!”She begged, “Don’t be lazy!”‘Don’t be lazy!’ she said to Laila‘Don’t worry about it!’ She said to himooooooooooooooooooo
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Declarative (Statement) A. Pronoun and Possessive adjective
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECHI He/SheYou me/he/she/them/I/him/herMy his/herOur their/ourYour My/his/her
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Declarative (Statement) B. Adverb of time and Place
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH now then today that day tomorrow the next day
the day afterthe following daya day later
next the … after the following …
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Declarative (Statement) B. Adverb of time and Place
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH last … the … before
the previous …the preceding …
… ago … before … earlier yesterday the day before
the previous daythe preceeding day
the day before yesterday two days before here there this that these those
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Declarative (Statement)
C. Tenses
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH Present Simple Past Simple Present Continuous Past Continuous Present Perfect Past Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect
Continuous
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Declarative (Statement) C. Tenses
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Future Simple Past Future Future Continuous Past Future Continuous Future Perfect Past Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Past Future Perfect
Continuous
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Declarative (Statement)
C. Tenses
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH Past Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect
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Let’s see the following changes DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH Verb 1 Verb 2 Verb 2 Had + Verb 3 Is was Am was Are were Have had Has had Do did Does did Was/were had been Did had + verb 3
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Let’s see the following changes DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT
SPEECH Can could May might Must had to Shall should Will would
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Let’s see the following changes DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Ought to + verb 1 ought to + have + verb 3 / been
Could + verb 1 could + have + verb 3 / been
Might+ verb 1 might + have + verb 3 / been Should + verb 1 should + have + verb3 /
been Would + verb 1 would + have + verb 3 /
been
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Examples:DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Andi: ‘I will go now.’ Andi said that he would go then
Rani: ‘They love me.’ Rani told me they loved her
‘I’ve been writing’, Dina Dina answered that she answered had been writing
Mother: ‘I was sick yesterday.’ Mother told that she had been
sick the day before
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3. Interrogative (question)
a. Preceded by Auxiliary When the question is preceded by auxiliary that
needs yes/No answer it will be used the conjunction if or whether in the indirect speech
The steps how to make indirect speech:– The question sentence of the indirect speech is firstly
changed to be statement– It then follows the rules before
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Example
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECHDoctor: ‘Do you usually take a nap?’
It is firstly changed to be: You usually take a nap Doctor asks
if/whether I usually
take a nap
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Example
DIRECT SPEECHMary: ‘Are you a student?’–It is firstly changed to be: You are a student
INDIRECT SPEECH–Ratu asked if/whether I was a
student
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Example
DIRECT SPEECHJohn: ‘May I borrow your car?’
Preceded by Question Word (QW)– It is firstly changed to be: I may borrow your car
INDIRECT SPEECH– John asked if he might borrow my– John asked whether he might borrow
my
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a. Preceded by Question Words
In the question using Question Word (QW)–To form indirect speech the question
is firstly changed to be statement–QW: what, when, where, which, why,
who, whom, etc. are used as conjunction
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Example
DIRECT SPEECH – Andi: ‘How do you spell your name?’
- It is firstly changed to be:You spell your name
INDIRECT SPEECH Andi asked how I spelt my name
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ExampleDIRECT SPEECH – Sophia: Where can you keep your money
safely?’It is firstly changed to be:You can keep your money safely
INDIRECT SPEECH - Sophia asked me where I could keep my
money safely.
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THANK YOU VERY MUCH