• DIRECTDIRECT• Am, is, areAm, is, are• Shall/willShall/will• CanCan• MayMay• MustMust• Have/has toHave/has to• Ought toOught to

• INDIRECT • Was/were• Should/would• Could• Might

• Had to

CHANGES OF ADVERB OF TIME & PLACE

• DIRECTDIRECT• NOWNOW• TOMORROWTOMORROW• NEXT WEEKNEXT WEEK• TONIGHTTONIGHT• TODAYTODAY• YESTERDAYYESTERDAY• LAST NIGHTLAST NIGHT• LAST WEEKLAST WEEK• HEREHERE• THISTHIS• THESETHESE

• INDIRECT • THEN• THE FOLLOWING DAY• THE FOLLOWING WEEK• THAT NIGHT• THAT DAY• THE DAY BEFORE• THE NIGHT BEFORE• THE WEEK BEFORE• THERE• THAT• THOSE

CHANGES OF TENSES

• DIRECTDIRECT• SIMPLE PRESENTSIMPLE PRESENT• SIMPLE PASTSIMPLE PAST• PRESENT PERFECTPRESENT PERFECT• PRESENT PRESENT

CONTINUOUSCONTINUOUS• PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT

CONT.CONT.• SIMPLE FUTURESIMPLE FUTURE

• INDIRECT • SIMPLE PAST• PAST PERFECT• PAST PERFECT• PAST CONTINUOUS• PAST PERFECT CONT.

• PAST FUTURE

11

change the pronouns

I/you we/you

me/you us/you

my/your our/your

mine/yours ours/yours

he/she they

him/her them

his/her their

his/hers theirs

e.g ‘I am very happy today,’ said Susanna. Susanna said (that) she was very happy that day.

1. STATEMENT

HE SAIDHE SAID TO ME

HE TOLD METHAT REPORTED WORDS

STATEMENT EXAMPLE

• DIRECTDIRECT• They said to me: “we are They said to me: “we are

going to visit Borobudur going to visit Borobudur tomorrow.” tomorrow.”

• Jeffry said: “I didn’t go to Jeffry said: “I didn’t go to school today. school today.

• Anne told Agus: “My father Anne told Agus: “My father got angry with me last got angry with me last night.night.

• INDIRECT • They said to me that

they were going to visit Borobudur the following day.

• Jeffry said that he hadn’t gone to school that day.

• Anne told Agus that her father had got angry with her the night before.

STATEMENT Exception:If the introductory sentence is in the Present Tense, there won’t

be any changes in the Reported (Indirect) speech .

• DIRECTDIRECT• Cindy says: “ I will come to Cindy says: “ I will come to

your house tonight.”your house tonight.”

• Indra says: “I have seen Indra says: “I have seen that film for twice.” that film for twice.”

• ““Dessy says: “I meet my Dessy says: “I meet my boyfriend every saturday.”boyfriend every saturday.”

• Chandra says: “I don’t like Chandra says: “I don’t like sport.”sport.”

• INDIRECT • Cindy says that she

will come to my house tonight

• Indra says that he has seen that film for twice.

• Dessy says that she meets her boyfriend every Saturday.

• Chandra says that he doesn’t like sport.

HE ASKED MEHE TOLD ME TO INFIVITIVE

COMMAND EXAMPLE

• DIRECTDIRECT• The teacher asked me: The teacher asked me:

Open your book page Open your book page 65!” 65!”

• Siska asked Manu: “give Siska asked Manu: “give me a piece of paper”! me a piece of paper”!

• ““Ronny told him: “call Ronny told him: “call me tonight!me tonight!

• INDIRECT • The teacher asked me

to open my book page 65.

• Siska asked Manu to give her a piece of paper.

• Ronny told him to call him that night.

HE ASKED MEHE TOLD ME NOT TO INFIVITIVE

COMMAND EXAMPLE

• DIRECTDIRECT• Santy asked Edy: Don’t Santy asked Edy: Don’t

leave me alone leave me alone anymore!” anymore!”

• Valenxia asked Indra: Valenxia asked Indra: “Don’t hurt me “Don’t hurt me anymore”! anymore”!

• ““Subhan told them: Subhan told them: “Don’t disturb me!“Don’t disturb me!

• INDIRECT • Santy asked Edy not

to leave her alone anymore.

• Valenxia asked Indra not to hurt her anymore.

• Subhan told them not to disturb him.

HE ASKED ME IF/WHETHER S + V + COMPLEMENT

A. Yes/No Question Example

• DIRECTDIRECT• Ricky asked Henry: Does Ricky asked Henry: Does

your father work near your father work near here?” here?”

• Mr. Bean asked Cyntia: Mr. Bean asked Cyntia: “have you collected your “have you collected your homework?”homework?”

• Dessy asked William: Dessy asked William: “can you accompany me “can you accompany me to Lippo tonight?to Lippo tonight?

• INDIRECT • Ricky asked Henry

if/whether his father worked near there.

• Mr. Bean asked Cyntia if/whether she had collected her homework.

• Dessy asked William if/whether he could accompany her to Lippo that night.

HE ASKED MEWHEN/WHAT

etc. S + V + COMPLEMENT

b. Wh- Question Example

• DIRECTDIRECT• The girl asked me: The girl asked me:

“Where Do you come “Where Do you come from?” from?”

• My father asked my My father asked my brother: “Why did you brother: “Why did you arrive at home late last arrive at home late last night?”night?”

• Handy asked the girl: Handy asked the girl: “what is your favorite “what is your favorite movie star?movie star?

• INDIRECT • The girl asked me

where I came from.

• My father asked my brother why he had arrived at home late the night before

• Handy asked the girl what her favorite movie star was

• DIRECTDIRECT• The students said to The students said to

the teacher: “We the teacher: “We haven’t done our haven’t done our assignment.” assignment.”

• My uncle said to my My uncle said to my sister: “I cannot come sister: “I cannot come on your birthday on your birthday party next month.”party next month.”

• Patar asked Lina : Patar asked Lina : “Do you love me?”“Do you love me?”

• My father asked me:”Have you prepared for your final exam?

• Anita told Ver: “Don’t tell me more about your boyfriend!”

• My friend asked her: “Stay with me forever!”

• My headmaster asked me: “ Where do you live?”