Diploid

• Part of speech: Adjective• Definition: containing two complete sets of

paired chromosomes (twice the amount of a haploid cell)

Haploid

• Part of Speech: adjective• Definition: having only a SINGLE set of

unpaired chromosomes. (Half of the amount of a diploid cell)

Chromatin• Noun• Definition: The mass of genetic material

composed of DNA and proteins that condense to form chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division. Located in the nucleus.

Chromatid• Noun• Definition: Each of the two daughter strands

of a replicated chromosome that are joined by a single centromere and separated during cell division to become individual chromosomes.

Daughter cells• Nouns• A cell formed by the division or budding of

another cell. Genetically identical to the parent cell.

Cell Plate

• Noun• A plate that develops at the midpoint between

two groups of chromosomes in a dividing plant cell. Forms the cell wall.

Osmosis• Noun• The movement of a liquid (water) through a

semipermeable membrane to equalize solvent and solute concentrations. Water moves in the direction of the high concentration of solute. “Salt Sucks”

Diffusion

• Noun• The process by which molecules spread from

areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

Concentration gradient• Noun• The difference between the concentrations in

a space. Molecules will always move down the concentration gradient toward areas that are less concentrated.

Passive transport

• Noun• The movement of a molecule across a cell

membrane without expenditure of energy required. Ex. Diffusion and osmosis

Active transport

• Noun• The movement of a molecule through a

concentration gradient in the opposite direction to normal diffusion, requiring the input of energy (ATP). (angry kid back into the room)

Bacteria• Noun• Microscopic living prokaryotic (no membrane

bound nucleus) organisms. Usually one-celled. Can be spherical, spiral, or rod-shaped.

Protists

• Noun• Eukaryotes that are usually one-celled

organisms.

Microorganism

• Noun• Any organism of microscopic size especially

bacteria, archaea, fungi and protists.