Digital Fan Regulator mini project
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Transcript of Digital Fan Regulator mini project
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Abstract
Digital (Fan) Regulator is one of the applications of electronics
to increase the facilities of life. Fan is one of the unavoidable
Electronic equipment in our day to day life. It has become
essential element ithout hich people can!t lead a smooth
life. "he presence of a fan in a house or office is not no
considered as a lu#ury on the other hand it is included in the
basic requirement. "he uses of ne electronic theories have
been put don by e#pertise to increase the facilities given by
the e#isting appliance. $ere the facility of ordinary fan is
increased by the ma%ing its speed digitally displayed.
In digital fan regulator e can regulate the speed of the fan by
using tactile button. $ere the variation in the square ave
counts of IC (NE555) is used for regulating the speed.
& "actile button can be used for controlling speed of the fan.
'sing this circuit e can change the speed of the fan. "his
circuit is used for controlling the speed of the fan in levels.
"his innovation can be a success only if people are made aare
about its advantages and ho user*friendly it is. "he circuit can
be used to regulate the intensity of light maintain the changeof accuracy. "his innovation finds its use mainly to help the
industry here accuracy is needed in every moment.
+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114
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+o this topic as chosen for the necessity of regulation and the
concept is based on the basic regulation prototype as thought
in mind and the concept of doing this pro5ect as underta%en.
Project Image
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Introduction
"he circuit presented here is that of a digital fan regulator
variable to provide five speeds levels as catered for in ordinary
fan regulators. "he circuit ma%es use of easily available
components. &n optional 2*segment display ith its associated
circuitry has been provided to display your choice of fan speed.
"he heart of the circuit is a module*8 binary counter built
around I- and I-6 (I- 279+28) hich is dual :; flip*flops. "he
counter counts up in a straight binary progression from 000 to
101 (i.e. from 0 to ) upon each successive cloc% edge and isreset to 000 upon ne#t cloc%. "he count sequence of the
counter has been summarised in "able 1.
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Block diagram
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BLOCK
IA!"A#E$C"IP%IO
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%rans&ormer
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& transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from
one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors
> the transformer?s coils or @indings@. "ransformer is used
here to step don the supply voltage to a level suitable for the
lo voltage components.
"he transformer used here is a 60/ (=A*0*=A) step don
transformer.
"egulator (IC '5)
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& voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to
automatically maintain a constant voltage level.
I- 2
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& capacitor (formerly %non as condenser) is a device for
storing electric charge. "he forms of practical capacitors vary
idely but all contain at least to conductors separated by a
non*conductor. -apacitors used as parts of electrical systems
for e#ample consist of metal foils separated by a layer of
insulating film.
$ere -apacitors used for noise filter.
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#onostable #ulti+ibrator (NE 555)
& multivibrator is an electronic circuit used to implement a
variety of simple to*state systems such as oscillators timers
and flip*flops. & monostable multivibrator as its name
indicates has a stable state and a quasi*stable state. &n
e#ternal trigger must be applied to change from the stable
state to the quasi*stable state.
$ere a CE I- is ired as monostable multivibrator. "he
trigger to the multivibrator is the signal from the sitch. "his
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multivibrator is used to delay the cloc% pulse of the decade
counter.
,li* &lo* (IC -'.L$'/)
& flip*flop or latch is a circuit that has to stable states and can
be used to store state information. "he circuit can be made to
change state by signals applied to one or more control inputs
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and ill have one or to outputs. Flip*flops and latches are a
fundamental building bloc% of digital electronics systems used
in computers communications and many other types of
systems.
Flip*flops and latches are used as data storage elements. +uch
data storage can be used for storage of state and such a circuit
is described as sequential logic. It can also be used for counting
of pulses and for synchroniing variably*timed input signals to
some reference timing signal.
ecoder (IC '.L$01)
+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114
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& decoder is a device hich does the reverse of an encoder
undoing the encoding so that the original information can be
retrieved. "he same method used to encode is usually 5ust
reversed in order to decode.
In digital electronics a decoder can ta%e the form of a multiple*
input multiple*output logic circuit that converts coded inputs
into coded outputs here the input and output codes are
different. e.g. n*to*n binary*coded decimal decoders. Enable
inputs must be on for the decoder to function otherise its
outputs assume a single @disabled@ output code ord. Decoding
is necessary in applications such as data multiple#ing 2
segment display and memory address decoding.
$e+en $egment is*la2 (,N)
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& seven*segment display or seven*segment indicator is a form
of electronic display device for displaying decimal numerals
that is an alternative to the more comple# dot*matri# displays.
+even*segment displays are idely used in digital cloc%s
electronic meters and other electronic devices for displaying
numerical information.
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-ircuit Diagram
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3orking Princi*le
9et us begin ith the assumption that the counter reads 000 at
poer C. "he monoshot built around I-1 (CE ) provides
necessary pulses to trigger the counter upon every depression
of sitch +1. 'pon the arrival of first edge the counter
advances to 001. "he outputs of the counter go to I-7 (I-
2716
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110. ut the to most significant bits of the counter force the
output of C&CD gate (I-2) to go lo to reset the counter to 000.
"he counter no begins to count through its normal sequence
all over again upon every %ey depression.
"he circuit does not provide the facility to memorise its
previous setting once it is poered FF or hen there is mains
failure.
Com*onents list
1. I- "imer
. I- 279+28 I- 2772 I- 279+00 I- 279+16
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11.9ed (mm)
PCB ,abrication
rinted -ircuit oards (-) play a vital role here in
determining the overall performance of the electronic
equipment. & good - design ensures that the noiseintroduced as a result of component placement and trac%
layout is held ithin limits hile still providing components
years of assembly maintenance and performance reliability.
rinted circuits boards are used to route electric signals
through copper trac% hich are firmly bonded to an insulating
base.
Ad+antages o& PCB o+er common 4iring
• -!s are necessary for connecting a large number of
electronic components in a very small area ith minimum
parasitic effects.+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114
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• -!s are simulated ith mass production ith less
chance of riting error.
• +mall components are easily mounted.
• +ervicing is simplified.
"he base materials used for -!s are glass epo#y epo#y
paper polyester etc. -opper foil used for copper clad is
manufactured by the process of electronic deposition.
"he properties of copper foil areL
"hic%nessL6M
meter
"hic%ness
toleranceL
N M
meter
urity of
-opperL==.
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(iii) Roller coating.
"he coated copper clad and laminated film negative is %ept in
intimate contact ith each other.
"he assembly is e#posed to 'A light and is rinsed in the
developer tan%. roper developer has to be used for a
particular photo resist and then the - is dyed in a tray. "he
dye reveals the flu# to be used for a particular photo resist.
"hen the - is dyed in a tray.
,abrication "he required circuit is designed and the layout of the circuit is
done on the component side as ell as the copper clad side.
+paces are provided for holes to insert the respective
components. Etch resistant in% coatings are given on the
interconnecting mar%s.
Etcing
"he copper clad - is etched ith ferrous chloride solution
containing a small amount of $ydro -hloric &cid for increasing
activeness of Ferric -hloride in etching. herever the varnish
coating is there the copper remains. "hen it is ashed ith
ater and #alic &cid.
rilling
"he required holes of suitable sie are drilled using tist drill.
Co the rinted -ircuit oard (-) is complete and ready for
soldering.+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114
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$oldering+oldering is the process of 5oining of to metals using an alloy
solder consisting of "in and 9ead (+n*b). "in determines the
melting hereas the 9ead is used to reduce the cost. &fter the
- fabrication is done the various components are arranged
at proper locations on the - and then the soldering is done.
&ll liquids consist of particles hich attract each other. "he
surface is alays trying to shrin% and this is because of surfacetension. "he principle behind soldering is that hen liquid
particles are brought in contact ith the alls of the solid
surface it may happen that the solid attracts the liquid surface.
"his property is called adhesive property. -are must be ta%en
that the melting point of solder is belo that of the metal so
that its surface is melted ithout melting ithout the metal.
,lu6
During the soldering process the flu# acts as a medium for
improving the degree of melting. "he basic functions of flu# are
mentioned beloL
• Removes o#ide from the surface.
•
&ssists the transfer of heat from the source to the 5oiningand provides a liquid cover including air gap.
• Removal of residue after the completion of the soldering
operation.
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PCB La2out
"he layout can be done either by hand or by using -
designing softare li%e R-&D or -ircuit Qa%er
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A**lication
• Digital Fan regulator based pro5ect board is used for
regulator purpose.
+uch as Fans Qotors etc.
• It can be used to control the intensity of various types of
lights i.e. Dimmer!
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Ad+antage
•
"his circuit is simple to use and efficient.• It can be assembled ith ease.
• It is cheap and hence very economic.
• It is small in sie.
• "hus by this pro5ect any sort of regulation can be
achieved.
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,uture de+elo*ment
"his digital fan regulator can be improved by the folloing
aysL
• In future aspect adding an IR system ill improve the
system so the speed change technique ill be prScised H
accurate. 3"+ 126
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• &dding temperature sensor ill improve the system
therefore the speed ill gradually increase each time
hen the heat increases. 3"100 / R"D4
• "he pro5ect can be further incorporated ith lights to
increase / decrease the intensity/illumination. 3dimmer4
• esides this concept can be moved to industry sectors
such as in induction motor hich can be operated
remotely by this pro5ect.
• $igh amount of current can also be operated by this
pro5ect.
Conclusion
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ith the %noledge of ne techniques in Electronics! e are
able to ma%e our life more comfortable. ne such application of
electronics is used in Tigital ,an "egulatorU.
"he same circuit finds its use in many more applications. y
this concept e can create various regulator systems that
mainly used in industries.
I feel that our product serves something good to this orld and
e li%e to present it before this prosperous orld.
"e&erence
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• .i%ipedia.org
• .google.co.in
• Electronics for you magaines
*************
+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114
http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.google.co.in/http://www.google.co.in/http://www.wikipedia.org/