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Different Types of Fuel

Fuel is used to power anything, from cars to

airplanes to toy motor boats. It is the lifeblood

of our transportation system. As our

technology advances, society is able to useseveral natural and man-made sources to

power our vehicles. This article will explore the

different types of fuel and their properties.

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Petroleum

• Petroleum is still the number one fuel source used to power

industrial nations. Petroleum is also known as crude oil. It isfound in large reservoirs throughout the Earth. Petrol is

usually taken to a refinery that turns it into usable forms, such

as gasoline. It is usually bought in barrel units. Petroleum

prices rose from less than $20 a barrel in 1996 to more than

$150 by June 2008.

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Natural Gas

• Natural gas refers to methane-based gas found in coal

beds. It can also be found in landfills, bogs and marshesbecause of special organisms called methanogens.

Before being used as a fuel, natural gas must go through

extensive processing to remove all of the other

associated chemicals until only the methane is left.

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Hydrogen Fuel

• There are chemical reactions that can also produce

energy that can be used as fuel. Hydrogen fuel is oneexample. Oxygen and hydrogen are combined in a

proton exchange fuel cell. When the two are chemically

combined, they can produce electricity that is used as

fuel, creating water and vapors as a byproduct.

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Straight Vegetable Oil

• A fast food restaurant leftover, straight vegetable oil

(SVO) can also act as a fuel. Special fuel tanks reduce itshigh viscosity to make it flow better. This fuel cannot be

run through standard engines. They must be converted

to handle filtered vegetable oil. This includes modifying

engines to run at 150 degrees F and 120 degree fueltemperatures.

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Ethanol

• Ethanol is a naturally occurring gas that is usually found in small

parts with other natural gases. However, ethanol can also be

manually produced and used as fuel. Ethanol production includesthe fermentation of corn stalks or sugar cane. Although ethanol

burns cleaner than traditional gasoline, costs are equivalent to

gasoline and fuel efficiency is more than a third less efficient.

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Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)

• Natural gas is, well, natural gas--the same stuff that heats your stove

or your house. It is largely produced domestically in the United

States; it can be imported through pipelines or as a cryogenic (super-cold) liquid on special tanker ships, but because this is a lot harder

than pouring crude or refined oil into a tanker or a pipeline, we

haven't built up an import dependency for natural gas as we have for

petroleum. (Interest in imported natural gas is growing, however, asdomestic production has lagged behind increasing demand for this

clean fuel.)

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Aviation fuel

• Aviation fuel is a specialized type of petroleum-based fuel used to power

aircraft. It is generally of a higher quality than fuels used in less critical

applications, such as heating or road transport, and often containsadditives to reduce the risk of icing or explosion due to high temperatures,

among other properties.

• Most aviation fuels available for aircraft are kinds of petroleum spirit used

in engines with spark plugs, i.e. piston and Wankel rotary engines, or fuel

for jet turbine engines, which is also used in diesel aircraft engines.Alcohol, alcohol mixtures and other alternative fuels may be used

experimentally, but alcohol is not permitted in any certified aviation fuel

specification.

• Avgas is sold in much lower volumes, but to many more individual aircraft,

whereas jet fuel is sold in high volumes to large aircraft operated typicallyby airlines, military and large corporate aircraft.

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Coal

• Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock 

normally occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal

beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal,can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure

to elevated temperature and pressure. Coal is composed

primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other

elements, chiefly hydrogen, with smaller quantities of sulfur,oxygen and nitrogen.

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THANK YOU

Prepared By:-

ANIRUDH MEHTA

Class : 5th 

Roll No. : 5