Textile Finishing

Name : MAZADUL HASAN SHESHIRID: 2010000400008Batch: 13th Batch (Session 2009-2013)Department: Wet Processing Technology Email: mazadulhasan@yahoo.com (FB)Blog: www. Textilelab.blogspot.comSoutheast University,Bangladesh Department of Textile Engineering

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FinishingFinishingTextile finishing is a term commonly applied to different process that the textile material under go after pretreatment, dyeing or printing for final embellishment to enhance there attractiveness and sale appeal as well as for comfort and usefulness.

Objects of finishing:The aim of finishing is to render textile goods fit for their purpose or end use. Besides that, finishing can be done for achieving the following purposes- a) To improve fabric attractiveness. -By modification of fabric appearance (Calendaring, Optical

brightening) -By altering fabric handle (Softening, Stiffening) -Control of fabric dimension (Sanforising, Compacting) b) To improve service ability. -Protection of fabric (Flame proofing, Water proofing) -Improved performance (Water repellency, Raising) -Easy care properties (Resin finish, Crease recovery)

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Textile Finishes are classified in several ways:

Aesthetic Finishes

Functional Finishes

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Semi Permanent

PermanentTemporar

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Chemical Finishes

Mechanical Finishes

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CalendaringCalendaring is defined as the modification of the surface of a fabric by the action of heat and pressure. The finish is obtained by passing the fabric between heated rotating rollers (Smooth or Engraved) when both speed of rotation and pressure applied are variable.

Objects of CalendaringTo improve the fabric handle and to impart a smooth silky touch to the fabric.To compress the fabric and reduce its thickness.To reduce the air permeability by closing the threads.To increase the luster.To reduce the yarn slippage.Surface patterning by embossing.M

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BrushingThe process which is used to remove loose threads and short fibre ends from smooth-surfaced fabrics and is also used to raise a nap on knits and woven fabrics is called Brushing. Brushing is frequently applied to fabrics after shearing, removing the cut fibres that have fallen into the nap.

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SingeingSingeing is a process applied to both yarns and fabrics to produce an even surface by burning off projecting fibres, yarn ends, and fuzz. This is accomplished by passing the fibre or yarn over a gas flame or heated copper plates at a speed sufficient to burn away the protruding material without scorching or burning the yarn or fabric.

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Tentering,

These are final processes applied to set the warp and weft of woven fabrics at right angles to each other, and to stretch and set the fabric to its final dimensions. Tentering stretches width under tension by the use of a tenter frame, consisting of chains fitted with pins or clips to hold the selvages of the fabric, and travelling on tracks.

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Raising1. NappingUsing wire-covered rolls to "dig out" individual fiber endsto the surface

2. SuedingUsing abrasive-covered rolls (sandpaper, emery cloth, etc.)to produce shorter pile surface - does cause an apparent shade change.Special type of raised surface fabric is corduroySueding, sanding- creates softer hand of fabric.

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Heat SettingHeat Setting: Heat setting of synthetic fabrics eliminates the internal tensions within the fiber generated during manufacture and the new state can be fixed by rapid cooling. This heat setting fixes the fabrics in the relaxed state and thus avoids subsequent shrinkage or creasing of fabric. Presetting of goods make it possible to use higher temperature for setting without considering the sublimation properties of dyes and also has a favorable effect on dyeing behavior and running properties of goods.

SOFT FINISH: Softening is the complex phenomenon and is composite of surface smoothness and internal lubrication of the fiber elements of the treated fabric.There are many softening agent used in industries such as:

Wetting agentAcetic acid (for neutralization)Non-ionic polyethylene softenerSlightly cationic softenerSilicon softener

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HARD FINISH:In case of hard finish, it is desirable to make the fabric stiffer and give them more ‘body’ by filling certain chemicals: Wetting agentAcetic acid (for neutralization)Non-ionic polyethylene softenerSlightly cationic softenerSilicon softenerHardeners RESIN FINISH:

 The resin finish is also know as crease recovery treatments the objective of resin finish to remove the wrinkles or crease from the fabric by certain chemicals.Wetting agentAcetic acid (for neutralization)Non-ionic polyethylene softenerSlightly cationic softenerSilicon softenerResinCatalyst ( mgcl2)

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MercerizationMercerization is a treatment for cotton fabric and thread that gives fabric a lustrous appearance. The process is applied to materials like cotton or hemp. Mercerization alters the chemical structure of the cotton fibre. The structure of the fibre changes from alpha-cellulose to beta-cellulose. Mercerizing results in the swelling of the cell wall of the cotton fibre. This causes increases in the surface area and reflectance, and gives the fiber a softer feel.

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Fire Resistant finishes:Polyester fabrics can be made flame resistant by treatment with an aqueous emulsion  of xylene soluble 2,3-dibromopropyl phosphate in a pad-cure sequence. A semi-permanent effect can be produced by treating with a mixture of ammonium bromide and brominated phosphoric acid esters.

Anti-microbial finishes:

With the increasing use synthetic fibbers for carpets and other materials in public places, anti-microbial finishes have assumed importance. Anti microbial finish   Eco-friendly anti microbial finishing agent for cotton fabrics & Garments. Useful for eliminating bacterial growth due to sweat.

Enzymatic finishesBio-polishing: This is a process to remove the protruding fibers of a fabric through the action an enzyme. This enzyme selectively acts on the protruding fibers and cease to work after finishing the work by a simple raise in temperature of the treatment bath.

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This is the end of our presentation. I hope all of you enjoyed it. Lastly thanks to all

for your kind attention……!

I would like to express many thanks to my advisor, Professor Dr. Zulhash Uddin for giving me the opportunity to study in the

Textile Finishing.