differantes types of organic solar cells and applications
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Transcript of differantes types of organic solar cells and applications
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1Academic year 2016/2017
Republic of TunisiaUniversity of Sousse
Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology
Organic photovoltaic cells : OPV
Elaborated by : TALBI MalekEl –AGUECH Mohamed AminJEDIDI Sahar
Supervised by: Pr. DRIDI Cherif
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Introduction
How it works
Advantages and limits
Conclusion
Definition
Applications
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• The Earth receives 174,000 (TW) of incoming solar radiation at the upper atmosphere, so as a solution the sun became an important source of renewable energy .
Classic solar panel
•Through the ages mankind needed more and more energy.
• Oil, gas and coal will not last forever and it takes a number of years until new fossil fuels are formed.
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Organic photovoltaic (OPV) solar cells aim to provide an Earth-abundant and low-energy-production photovoltaic (PV) solution.
Why Organic solar cells ?
This New technology also has the theoretical potential to provide electricity at a lower cost than the classical solar cells ( inorganic pv cells)
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Introduction
How it works
Advantages and limits
Conclusion
Definition
Applications
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•An organic solar cell device or organic photovoltaic cell (OPVC) is a class of solar cell that uses conductive organic polymers or small organic molecules for light absorption and charge transport.
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• Processes occurring in an organic solar cell:
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Organic photovoltaicsolar cells
Single layer organic cells
Bilayer organic cells
Bulk heterojunctionorganic cells
Electrode 1 (ITO)
Semiconductingpolymer
Electrode 2 (Al,Mg,Ca)
Electron acceptor
Electron donor PEDOT
Electrode 1 (ITO)Electrode 1 (ITO)
Electrode 2 (Al,Mg,Ca) Electrode 2 (Al,Mg,Ca)
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Introduction
How it works
Advantages and limits
Conclusion
Definition
Applications
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• Single layer organic cells :
Substrate
Semiconductingpolymer
Electrode 1 (ITO)
Electrode 2 (Al,Mg,Ca)
Once an external circuit is made by connecting the two electrodes with a conductor, the difference in the work functions creates an electric field in the organic layer
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Electrons are excited to the LUMO leaving hole in the HOMO Excitons
Electric field in the organic layer :-Break up the excitonspairs.-Pulling electrons to the positive electrode.-Pulling holes to the negative electrode
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• Bi-layer organic cells :
In a bilayer OPV cell we have more layers:
Donor layer
Acceptor layer
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The layer with higher electron affinity and ionization potential is the electron acceptor, and the other layer is the electron donor.
Bi-layer cells splits excitons give are much more efficiently
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• Bulk heterojunction organic cells :
In a Bulk heterojunctionorganic cells we find
2 transparent electrods
1 active layer
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In charge transfer, both donors contribute directly to the generation of free charge carriers. Holes pass through only one donor domain before collection at the anode. In energy transfer, only one donor contributes to the production of holes. The second donor acts solely to absorb light, transferring extra energy to the first donor material. In parallel linkage, both donors produce excitons independently, which then migrate to their respective donor/acceptor interfaces and dissociate
ow
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Introduction
How it works
Advantages and limits
Conclusion
Definition
Applications
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Advantages and limits
Single layer organic cells
Simple fabrication Low quantum efficiency and coversion efficiency: Exciton pairs not effectivly separated.
Advantages : Disadvantages :
The elctron-hole recombinationprocess is high: electrons and holes travel in the same material
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Advantages and limits
Bi-layer organic cells
Small interface that allows only excitons of a thin layer to reach it and get dissociated.
Disadvantages :
The diffusion length of excitonsis on the order of 4-10 nm.
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Advantages and limits
Bulk heterojunction organic cells
Fullerenes (PCBM ) : -Absorb very weakly visible light.- Poor electronic tunability.
.
Disadvantages :
Replace these fullerenes with organic molecules
Structural formula of phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester
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Advantages and limits
Organic photovoltaic cells:
Advantages:
Flexibility : roll to roll production
Low cost and light weight
Ease of integration
Ecological and economic benefits
Semitramsparent
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Advantages and limits
Organic photovoltaic cells:
Disadvantages:
Low efficiency: only 5% efficiency compared to the 15% of silicon cells
Low liftime < 10 000h
Low yield
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Advantages and limits
Organic pv Inorganic pv
Lifetime 10 000 h 10 years
Yield 5% to 11 % 11% 15% 25%
Cost Low hight
Transparency Transparent Opaque
Integration Easy Not easy
Flexibility Flexibl Not flexible
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Introduction
How it works
Advantages and limits
Conclusion
Definition
Applications
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Applications
Personal mobile phone charger.
BIV(building integrated photovoltaics).
Clothes with embedded cells
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Introduction
How it works
Advantages and limits
Conclusion
Definition
Applications
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Organic photovoltaic energy have the potential to be part of the world’s solution to the future of energy.
New generation of microelectronics : electronics everywhere
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The organic solar energy research is developing:
Reaserchers investigated the possibility to use liquid crystal semiconductor molecules in order to get bulk-ordered separated structures of p and n to obtain a better bulk architecture.
The key to future improvements in this field lies in better understanding the materials involved and their structures.
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[1] Askari Mohammad Bagher. Comparison of Organic Solar Cells and Inorganic SolarCells. International Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy. Vol. 3, No. 3, 2014, pp. 53-58. doi: 10.11648/j.ijrse.20140303.12
[2] Pulfrey, L.D. (1978). Photovoltaic Power Generation. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
[3] M.G. Zebaze Kana. Introduction to Organic Solar Cell Devices & ElectricalCharacterization . September 16, 2011
[4] Krebs et. al., Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2009
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Thank you for yourattention !