Did the German People Benefit from Hitler ’s Rule?
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Transcript of Did the German People Benefit from Hitler ’s Rule?
Did the German People Benefit from Hitler’s Rule?
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to
bring recovery through jobs, etc
Lesson
1
To what extent did Germans benefit from Nazi rule in the 1930s?
STARTER: Can you name the 7 leading Nazi figures? Give one fact about each
Pictured from left to right are Joseph Goebbels, Robert Ley, Heinrich Himmler, Victor Lutze, Rudolf Hess, Adolf
Hitler and Julius Streicher. (June 9, 1938)
There were three major problemsfaced by the German economy whenHitler became chancellor:
a) international debt b) agricultural stagnationc) industrial unemployment.
How did the Nazis address theseproblems, and how successfulwere their policies? COPY OUT THIS TEXT
LO: To understand and explain
how economic policies
appeared to bring recovery through jobs,
etc
How did Hitler initially deal with unemployment?
Short-term measures:The RAD and the DAF
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
The number of unemployed people in Germany came down very quickly after 1933.
6 million people were on the unemployment register in 1933; by 1934 there were 3.8 million. The number went on falling until 1939, when it was 0.3 million.
This was great for Nazi propaganda: Hitler becomes chancellor, and immediately afterwards there are lots more jobs.
The fall in unemployment
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
COPY OUT THIS TEXT
Unemployment under Hitler
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
Hitler’s first measure to tackle unemployment was the setting up of the National Labour Service (RAD) to provide the jobs he had promised to the German people.
This organization gave men jobs in public works schemes, for example, building schools, hospitals and motorways and digging drainage ditches.
Men in the RAD had to wear a uniform and live in work camps. Their wages were really only pocket money, but for many this was an improvement on a life with no work. At least they got free meals.
The National Labour Service (RAD)
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
COPY OUT THIS TEXT
bosses could no longer sack workers on the spotworkers could not leave a job without the government’spermissiononly government-run labour exchanges could arrange new jobsworkers could no longer bargain for higher wagesstrikes were made illegallimitations on the hours a person could work were abolished. Many Germans were working 60–72 hours a week by 1939.
Do you think that the German Labour Front would have been popular with the workers?
Within months of taking power, Hitler decided to abolish all trade unions. In their place he set up the German Labour Front (DAF) run by Dr Robert Ley. Its rules included:
The German Labour Front (DAF)
COPY OUT THIS TEXT
The unemployment figures for Nazi Germany look very impressive, but they don’t tell the whole story.
From 1933, women were no longer included in unemployment figures.
Once the Nazis came to power, most Jews were sacked; their jobs were given to other Germans. From 1935, Jews could no longer hold German citizenship and were removed from the unemployment register.
The unemployed were obliged to take any job offered or else be classed as ‘work-shy’ and imprisoned.
Conscription removed over a million young men from the employment market.
Unemployment – the limits of success
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
COPY OUT THIS TEXT
How did Hitler and the Nazis deal with the
economy?
Agriculture and Industry
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
Lesson
2
STARTER:
Comprehension recap questions:
You have 5 minutes to answer these questions in the back of your books:
1.What 3 problems faced the German economy when Hitler became Chancellor in 1933?
2.How many unemployed German people were there in 1933
3.How many unemployed German people were there in 1939?
4.What was the RAD5.What was the DAF
Agriculture: dealt with by
Hugenberg and Darré
'Butter' = consumer goods / food production
The production of food (agriculture) and goods (industry) is sometimes referred to as ‘Butter’. In Nazi Germany 3 specific men were
given the roles of improving both:
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
Industry:dealt with by Hjalmar Schacht and the ‘New Plan’
World food prices had been low for many decades, which meant Germany had been importing cheap food from abroad. Because of this, German farmers could not sell their food at a price which would enable them to make a good living.
This meant that Germany was usually importing more than it exported, resulting in an unhealthy balance of trade – in other words, a mounting national debt.
Moreover, dependence on imports was preventing Germany from achieving economic self-sufficiency (autarchy), which Hitler felt was necessary in order to prepare the German economy for war.
Problems – imports
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
Agricultural solutions TASKS: 1. What role did
Hugenberg play in Hitler’s government?
2. What 3 policies did Hugenberg introduce?
3. What role did Darré play in Hitler’s government?
4. What 3 policies did Darré introduce?
5. How popular do you think these policies would be?
AGRICULTURE IN NAZI GERMANYSUCCESSES FAILURES
FARMERS
FOOD PRODUCTION
Over the next couple of slides we will be looking at the successes and failures of Nazi agricultural policies.
Copy out the table. Copy the information from the slides in to your exercise books.
Successes:
Farmers saw their incomes increase
by about 40% between 1928–38.
Food production increased by 20% 1928–38, leaving
Germany self-sufficient in bread, grains,
potatoes, sugar, meat, vegetables and eggs.
Agricultural successes
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
Failures:
Farmers came to resent the
interference of the Reich Food Estate.
Food production was still not at a level
sufficient to feed the German population without the need for
imports.
Agricultural failures
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
Industrial solutions – the New Plan
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
TASKS1.Who was
Hjalmar Schacht?
2.What was the ‘New Plan’?
3.How did the ‘New Plan’ affect foreign and domestic firms?
Industrial solutions – assessment
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7m6b1cyRyo
The Nazi Economic Miracle? – 5 minutes
How did Hitler rearm Germany?
‘From Butter to Guns’
Hermann Goering, Rearmament and the
Four-Year Plan
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
'Guns' = rearmament
Lesson
3
STARTER: Complete this missing word exercise
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
Rearmament was very important to Hitler – he was determined to ‘make Germany ready for war again’. He wanted to conquer the Ukraine and use its resources to make Germany self-sufficient in food and raw materials.
However, rearmament was forbidden under the Treaty of Versailles, so Hitler had to conceal his actions from the Allies.
Because spending had to be concealed, a lot was hidden in a work creation programme – building new runways, barracks and motorways (‘autobahns’). This only provided a few, often highly-skilled, jobs.
Problems SUMMARISE THIS TEXT IN YOUR OWN WORDS
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
Solution: the Four-Year Plan
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
The army grew from just 100,000 men in 1933 to 1,400,000 in 1939. These soldiers needed equipping, so 46 billion marks were spent on weapons and equipment, creating thousands of jobs in the arms industries.
Obviously, those doing military service did not count as unemployed – this took 1,300,000 off the unemployment register.
However, Schacht argued that this policy was not providing long-term stability, but merely gearing Germany towards another catastrophic European war.
The Four-Year Plan – assessment
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
COPY OUT THIS TEXT
REASONS FOR THE SUPREMACY OF HITLER IN THE 1930’SCommunists eliminatedRhineland reoccupationAryan race superiorityBrilliant propagandaTreaty of Versailles disobeyedRearmamentExciting speeches by HitlerEconomic improvementsPaid holidaysArmy support after Night of Long KnivesRecruitment of young into Hitler YouthSwastika gave prideOwn car (Volkswagen)No ‘useless eaters’Support by big business
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to
bring recovery through jobs, etc
COPY OUT THIS TEXT
In this unit you have learnt about the role played by:
(a) Schacht, (b) Hugenberg, (c) Darré & (d) Goering.
1. Take each of the 4 people (a-d) and in a couple of sentences summarise their role in Nazi Germany
2. Which of these, if any, do you think set out to prepare Germany for war in the years leading up to 1939?
3. Who was most responsible for the ‘Nazi economic miracle’ which saw unemployment all but disappear?
4. How successfully do you think the Nazis solved the unemployment problem?
Plenary
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
Did the German People Benefit from Hitler’s Rule?
Did the German People Benefit from Hitler’s Rule?
It has been argued that if
Hitler had died in 1939, he would have
been hailed as the greatest
German leader of all
time.
After 1939, with the Second
World War and the
ruination of Germany,
Hitler cannot receive the
same praise.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhVM0HmGado&feature=fvsr&skipcontrinter=1
10 minute collection of Hitler speeches – good quality
To what extent did the German people benefit from Nazi rule?
TASKConsumable sheet Did the
German People Benefit from
Hitler’s Rule? You need to
summarise the information you have found out
over the last few weeks about life
in Nazi Germany, as
preparation for assessment
tasks
Area of life Positive effects Date Negative effects
Government
• Unlike the Weimar government, Hitler’s government was strong – it passed laws quickly.
1933-
1939
•Germany was totalitarian (Enabling Act: 23/3/33): Hitler was a dictator• Censorship prevented freedom of speech • Propaganda gave people a biased view
Press/Media
• As the press published the positive side of Germany, the morale of the people was boosted.
1933-
1939
• Censorship and propaganda meant people had a distorted view of events. This was bad in the long run.
Did Germans benefit from Nazi Rule?
Did Germans benefit from Nazi Rule?Area of life Positive effects Date Negative effects
Economy
• Reduced inflation and unemployment, e.g. the building of the Autobahns.• He tried to make Germany self-sufficient.• Foreign trade improved, e.g. Volkswagen
1933 -
1939
• Women deprived of jobs, which were given to men. • Minorities lost their jobs, e.g. the Jews (Nuremberg Laws, 1936)Economic growth wrecked.
Military
• The Junkers benefited from rearmament.• Unemployment was reduced by conscription and munitions factories.• Army benefited from military success.
1941-1945: Armed forces defeated
Area of life Positive effects Date Negative effects
Churches
• Catholics were supposed to be protected by the Concordat with the Pope (1933)
1933- 1939
• The Concordat was broken. Protestant ministers were also persecuted, e.g. pastor Niemoller who was sent to Auschwitz. Prejudice and intolerance were encouraged by propaganda, e.g. against Jews, Gypsies, Slavs, Poles and Negros.
Jews etc
1933- 1945
• Minorities were persecuted, e.g. the Jews were exterminated after 1941 (The Holocaust)
Did Germans benefit from Nazi Rule?
Did Germans benefit from Nazi Rule?Area of life Positive effects Date Negative effects
Youth
• Both boys and girls in the Hitler Youth Movement became fit
1933 -
1939
• Narrow-minded youth resulted through propaganda and education, i.e. the education policies of Dr. Robert Ley.
Women
• Like men, they benefited from the effects of economic reform – more wealth.
1933 -
1939
• Women depended on the incomes of men for their wealth: Women lost jobs then regained them as men were conscripted.• Sexist policies, e.g. medals for breeding – gold cross for 8 children.