The Rise of Hitler - Lial Catholic Schoolteachers.rossford.k12.oh.us/cox/The Rise of Hitler...

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The Rise of Hitler 1919 – Hitler joins the German Worker’s Party. Used spectacular speaking skills and reorganized the group into National Socialists German Workers Party. (Nazis) Hitler selected the Swastika as the groups distinctive symbol Used “Heil” (hail) as the party greeting. Copied Mussolini’s stiff arm salute

Transcript of The Rise of Hitler - Lial Catholic Schoolteachers.rossford.k12.oh.us/cox/The Rise of Hitler...

Page 1: The Rise of Hitler - Lial Catholic Schoolteachers.rossford.k12.oh.us/cox/The Rise of Hitler 1919-1933.pdf · The Rise of Hitler • 1919 – Hitler joins the German Worker’s Party.

The Rise of Hitler

• 1919 – Hitler joins the German Worker’s Party.

• Used spectacular speaking skills and reorganized the group into National Socialists German Workers Party.  (Nazis)

• Hitler selected the Swastika as the groups distinctive symbol 

• Used “Heil” (hail) as the party greeting.

• Copied Mussolini’s stiff arm salute

Page 2: The Rise of Hitler - Lial Catholic Schoolteachers.rossford.k12.oh.us/cox/The Rise of Hitler 1919-1933.pdf · The Rise of Hitler • 1919 – Hitler joins the German Worker’s Party.

Rise of Hitler

• Created a paramilitary force known as the “brownshirts” or Sturmabteilung (SA).  German term means storm troopers.

• Created a personal bodyguard called the SS (short for Schutzstaffel meaning “protection squad”)

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Hitler 1889‐1945

Page 4: The Rise of Hitler - Lial Catholic Schoolteachers.rossford.k12.oh.us/cox/The Rise of Hitler 1919-1933.pdf · The Rise of Hitler • 1919 – Hitler joins the German Worker’s Party.

German Workers’ Party ‐ 1919 

Page 5: The Rise of Hitler - Lial Catholic Schoolteachers.rossford.k12.oh.us/cox/The Rise of Hitler 1919-1933.pdf · The Rise of Hitler • 1919 – Hitler joins the German Worker’s Party.

The Putsch that failed

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Mein Kampf

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Mein KampfPromised to nullify the results of World War 1 and restore the German  greatness

Spoke of uniting the Germans together in a single pure Aryan racial community

Creation of  a new German Reich (empire) that would dominate Europe

Actually Aryan is a term that refers to a linguistic group and has nothing to do with race.

Focused much of the blame for Germany’s condition on the Jewish population.

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Hitler Consolidates Power

• By 1932 the Nazis had become the strongest party in the Reichstag.  

• President of the Weimar Republic was Paul von Hindenburg.  Hindenburg was unhappy that a majority coalition could not be reached.

• Chancellor asked for dissolution of the government.  Hindenburg refused.  Chancellor resigns.  

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Hitler Consolidates Power

• Hindenburg has little choice but to invite Hitler on January 30, 1933 to become Chancellor

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Hitler Consolidates PowerLess than one month later, the Reichstag burns.

Marinus van der Lubbe

Reichstag Fire

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Hitler Consolidates Power

• A Communist is arrested and Hitler uses the incident to seize additional powers

• Outlaws opposition parties

• Limits the power of the Reichstag

• Imposes censorship

• Issues the Presidential Decree for the Protection of the People and the State

• Suspends the Constitution and all personal liberties. 

• Enabling Act – Assumed full legislative authority for four years

• Marinus van der Lubbe was executed by guillotine for the crime.

Page 12: The Rise of Hitler - Lial Catholic Schoolteachers.rossford.k12.oh.us/cox/The Rise of Hitler 1919-1933.pdf · The Rise of Hitler • 1919 – Hitler joins the German Worker’s Party.

Hitler Consolidates Power

• Hindenburg dies at age 86 and Hitler now is sole leader of the people.

• Forces personal loyalty oath to himself and becomes “DerFuhrer”

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Creating the Regime

• Hitler consolidates power by:– Purges any opposition to his power by “Night of the Long Knives”  ‐ has key members of the SA killed.

– Jews, Communists, and other political opponents sent to concentration camps.

– Many fled the country. 

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Creating the Regime

• Jewish businesses boycotted, looted.

• Jews forbidden to own cars or telephones

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Creating the Regime

• Nazis purged the culture of non‐Aryan influences– Book Burnings

• Propaganda program to glorify Hitler and the State.

• Hitler Youth Program Begins

• Impressive mass marches and rallies.

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Hitler’s Top Assistants

Reich Minister of Propaganda •In charge of all media in Nazi Germany•Understood the power of the “Big Lie”•Understood the power of image•Responsible to was to centralize Nazi control of all aspects of German cultural and intellectual life, particularly the press, radio and the visual and performing arts

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Hitler’s Top Assistants

‐Climbed through the ranks of the SA‐Supervised the deportation of Jews‐Becomes the commander of the Volkssturn‐Very close to Hitler until the end in 1945.

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Hitler’s Top Assistants

‐Head of the Schutzstaffel (SS)‐ Created the Sicherheitsdienst (SD)‐Eventually controlled intelligence and police functions in Germany‐True believer in Nazi ideology‐Personally supervised creation of the death camps.‐Administered the Waffen SS ‐Maybe the second most powerful man in Germany.

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Hitler’s Top Assistants

•World War 1 Flying Ace – Hero•Wounded in 1923 Putsch•First Commander of the SA•Created the Gestapo – Nazi Secret Police•Commander of Luftwaffe during the War•Named Reichsmarschall – by Hitler, making him second in command•Falls out of favor when the Luftwaffe doesn’t meet expectations.

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Hitler’s Top Assistants

Hitler’s personal secretary in Prison that helped him write Mein KampfExtremely loyal to Hitler – 2nd most powerful in the Nazi PartyIn May 1941 flies to England to negoiatepeace and is captured and imprisoned.

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Hitler’s Top Assistants

•Intelligence director of Schutzstaffel (SS)•In 1936 – Chief of the Gestapo•Job was to uncover enemies of the Nazi Party.•Designed plan to exterminate Polish Jews –Einsatzgruppen.•Took personal charge of the implementing the Final Solution to the Jewish Question.•Czech resistance fighters ambushed and killed him in 1942.•More than 1,300 Czechs were killed in retaliation.•Village of Lidice was liquidated in retaliation.

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Check Up

1. Hitler and the Nazis attempted a putsch in Munich in 1923.  What is a putsch?

2. Mein Kampf was written by Hitler while serving time for what crime?

3. What were two goals promised by Hitler in Mein Kampf?

4. Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933.  Who invited him to accept the position?

5. What is the significance of the Reichstag fire?6. Explain what the Presidential Decree for Protection of 

the People and the State did.

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Check Up

5. Define the term “Der Fuher”.

6. List three ways Hitler targeted Jews between 1933 and 1938.

7. What was the Hitler Youth?

8. Why did the Nazis sponsor book burnings?

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Check Up

9. Who was Joseph Goebbels?

10. Who was Martin Bormann?

11. Who was Hermann Goering?

12. Who was Rudolf Hess?

13. Who was Reinhard Heydrich?

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