Dictionar ECR

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DICIONAR ECREFFICIENT CONSUMER RESPONSE:

Working together to fulfil consumer wishes better, faster and at less cost

Versiunea 2006, ediia I-a

VALAHIA UNIVERSITY PRESS2006


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UNIVERSITATEA VALAHIA DIN TRGOVITEDEPARTAMENTUL ECR

VIRGIL POPA

AURELIAN IONESCU

DICIONAR ECRRSPUNS EFICIENT CONSUMATORULUI:

Slucrm mpreunpentru a satisface mai bine cerinele consumatorilor, mai

rapid i cu costuri mai mici

Versiunea 2006, ediia I-a


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DEPARTAMENTUL ECR - UVT DICIONAR ECR v.2006, ed. I

1

Pentru utilizator

Prezentul Dicionar ECR (Efficient Consumer Response) seadreseazpersonalului din ntreprinderi de producie a bunurilor deconsum individual (FMCG Fast Moving Consumer Goods) i dedistribuie a acestora, cu activitate pe teritoriul Romniei, care au

demarat implementarea strategiilor i instrumentelor specificemanagementului alianelor, precum i studenilor i cadrelordidactice i de cercetare din domeniul managementului imarketingului.

Terminologia este preluat din documentele ECR Europelansate la Conferinele ECR Europe i cuprinde pentru nceputconcepte de referin. Preluarea este fcutcu acordul ECR Europe

International Commerce Institute.

Prezenta ediie cuprinde n partea de nceput abrevieri aleprincipalelor instituii i concepte ECR, iar n partea a doua,definiii ale termenilor specifici ECR, n ordine alfabetic.

Prof. dr. Virgil Popa,Member of the Board, ECR Romania

Member of ECR Europe Academic Partnership


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DICIONAR ECRListde abrevieri

3PL Third Party LogisticsABC Activity Based CostingAECOC Asociacin Espaola de Codificacin ComercialAI Application Identifier

AIAG Automotive Industry Action GroupAIM Association des Industries de Marques/European Brands Association;

Automatic Identification Manufactures, Inc.ALLEGRO Automatisation des Liaison avec les Langages EDIFACT et GENCOD

par Rseau dOrdinateursANA Article Number AssociationANSI American National Standards InstituteAPS Advanced Planning SystemsASC X12 Accredited Standards Committee X12AS/RS Automated Storage/Retrieval System

ASN Advance Ship NoticeATP Available-to-PromiseBBD Best Before DateBMI Buyer Managed InventoryBMR Broker Managed ReplenishmentCAO Computer Assisted/Aided OrderingCD Cross DockingCEC Commission of the European CommunitiesCEFIC EDI in the Chemical IndustryCEIG Core European Implementation Guidelines

CEN

Comit Europen de Normalisation; European Committee forStandardizationCIDX Chemical Industry Data ExchangeCIS Customer Information SystemCLC Consumer Learning CenterCM Category ManagementCMI Co-managed InventoryCPG Consumer Packaged GoodsCPFR Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and ReplenishmentCRC Consumer Resource CenterCRM Customer/Consumer Relationship ManagementCRP Continuous Replenishment Programme


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CSC Communication Systems CommitteeDC Distribution CenterDESADV Despatch AdviceDEX Direct ExchangeDMR

Distributor Managed ReplenishmentDPC Direct Product CostDPP Direct Product ProfitDRO Dont Run Out ListDRP Distribution Resource PlanningDSD Direct Store DeliveryEA Efficient AdministrationEAI Enterprise Application IntegrationEAN European Article NumberEANCOM EDI Implementation Standard for EDIFACTEAS Electronic Article SurveillanceEBES European Board for EDI StandardsECR Efficient Consumer ResponseEDE Event Driven EDIEDI Electronic Data InterchangeEDIBUILD EDI in Construction IndustryEDIFAC EDI Furniture Action CouncilEDIFACT EDI for Administration, Commerce and TransportEDIFICE EDI in Electronics IndustryEDIPAP EDI in Paper IndustryEDIRA EDI Registration Authority

EDITEUR EDI for Book Industry in EuropeEDITEX EDI for Textile Industry in EuropeEDLC Every Day Low CostEDLP Every Day Low Price/PricingEDP Electronic Data ProcessingEECR European Efficient Consumer ResponseEFT Electronic Funds TransferEIR European Information ResponseELA European Logistics AssociationEMEDI EDI in Health Care Industry

ENA Efficient New Product ActivityEOS Efficient Operating StandardsEP Efficient PromotionEPC Electronic Product CodeEPD Efficient Product Launch and DevelopmentEPOS Electronic Point of SaleER Efficient ReplenishmentERP Enterprise Resource PlanningERS Evaluated Receipt SettlementESA Efficient Store Assortment

EWOS European Workshop on Open SystemsFG Finished Goods


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FTE Full Time EquivalentGCI Global Commerce InitiativeGDD Global Data DictionaryGDSN Global Data Synchronization NetworkGEIS

General Electric Information ServicesGENCOD Groupement dtudes de normalisation et de codificationGLN Global Location NumberGM General MerchandiseGPC Global Product ClassificationGSMP Global Standards Management ProcessGTIN Global Trade Item NumberHACCP Hazard Analysis Critical Control PointHANCOM The Danish equivalent to the EANCOM standardHTML Hypertext Markup LanguageI-TV Interactive TVIAS International Accounting StandardICAC Industrial Commercial Advisory CommitteeIDASC International Data & Application Standards CommitteeIEC International Electro-Technical CommissionIFSUM Forwarding and Consolidation SummaryIFTM International Forwarding and Transporting Message FrameworkIFTSTA Transport StatusILN International Location NumberIOS Inter-organizational SystemIS Information System

ISA Instrumentation, Systems and Automation SocietyISDN Integrated Services Digital NetworkISO International Organization for StandardizationIT Information TechnologyITU International Telecommunication UnionJIT Just-in-TimeKPI Key Performance IndicatorsLAN Local Area NetworkLSP Logistics Service ProviderLTL Less Than a Truckload

MDC Manufacturer Distribution CenterMDG Message Development GroupMIS Management Information SystemMIT Merge-in-Transit (Merging in Transit)MOLAP Multidimensional OLAPMRO Maintenance, Repair, and OperationsMRP-I Material Requirements PlanningMRP-II Manufacturing Resource PlanningNEX Network ExchangeNIST National Institute of Standards and Technology

NO Numbering OrganizationODETTE EDI in Automotive Industry


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OLAP Online Analytic ProcessingOR Operations ResearchOSA Optimal Shelf AvailabilityPAEB Pan American EDIFACT BoardPCFACTS

PC Forwarding and Cargo Tracking SystemPDA Personal Digital AssistantP&L Profit and LossPLU Price Look UpPO Purchase OrderPOCS Purchase Order Control SystemPOI Point of InteractionPOM Purchase Order ManagementPOS Point of SalePRM Partner Relationship ManagementPSL Personal Shopping ListQR Quick ResponseRECADV Receiving AdviceRDC Retail/Retailer Distribution Center (in Continental Europe); Regional

Distribution Center (in UK)RFID Radio Frequency IdentificationROE Return on EquityROI Return on InvestmentROLAP Relational OLAPRTP Returnable Transit PackagingSBO Sales Based Ordering

SCM Supply Chain ManagementSCMLC Shipping Container Marking and Labeling CommitteeSDG Syntax Development GroupSDI Supplier Distributor InterfaceSFA Sales Force AutomationSIL Standard Interchange LanguageSKU Stock Keeping UnitSMC Standard Maintenance CommitteeSMI Supplier Managed InventorySRO Supervised Re-Order

SSCC Serial Shipping Container CodeSTAC Symbol Technical Advisory CommitteeTAG Technical Assessment Group for the EDIFACT StandardTDCC Transportation Data Coordinating CommitteeTDI Trade Data InterchangeTDID Trade Data Interchange DirectoriesTEDIS Trade Electronic Data Interchange SystemTL TruckloadTQC Total Quality CommitmentTQM Total Quality Management

UCC Uniform Code CouncilUCS Uniform Communications Standard


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UML Unified Modeling LanguageUN/ECE United Nations/Economic Commission for EuropeUPC Universal Product CodeUSS Uniform Symbology SpecificationVADNS

Value Added Network ServiceVADS Value Added Data ServiceVAN Value Added NetworkVCA Value Chain AnalysisVICS Voluntary Inter-Industry Commerce Solutions AssociationVICS EDI Voluntary Inter-Industry Commerce StandardVMI Vendor Managed InventoryVMR Vendor Managed ReplenishmentVMQR Vendor Managed Quick/Continuous ReplenishmentWEEB Western European EDIFACT BoardWETAG Western European Technical Assessment GroupWINS Warehouse Information Network StandardXML Extensible Markup Language


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DICIONAR ECRDefiniii

1 To 1 MarketingMarketing 1 la 1

Treating different customers differentlyby applying customized marketingmeasures and creating a learningrelationship with them in order toachieve a high share of life for eachsingle customer.

Tratarea clienilor diferii n mod diferit,prin aplicarea unor msuri de marketingparticularizate i prin stabilirea uneirelaii de nvare cu acetia, n vedereaatingerii unui nivel nalt al cotei devia nregistrat de ntreprindere pentrufiecare client n parte.

A

Accounts PayableAdministrarea datoriilor

Management of cash flow and timing ofpayment to suppliers for products andservices received, includinginvestigation and reconciliation ofdiscrepancies between invoices andoriginal purchase orders.

Administrarea fluxului de numerar i atermenelor de platasociate plilorctre furnizori pentru produsele iserviciile recepionate, inclusivinvestigarea i reconciliereadiscrepanelor dintre facturi icomenzile de cumprare iniiale.

Accounts ReceivableAdministrarea creanelor

The management of cash receipts andpayment outstanding for goods andservices invoiced.

Administrarea intrrilor de numerar i aplilor restante pentru bunurile iserviciile facturate.

Accredited StandardsCommittee X12 (ASCX12)Comitetul pentruStandarde Acreditate X12

Set by the American National StandardsInstitute (ANSI) in 1979, this committeeis responsible for defining general EDIstandards within USA; the committeeconsists of members from governmentand industry who draft standards forsubmission to ANSI for subsequentapproval and distribution.

Format de ctre Institutul NaionalAmerican pentru Standardizare (vezi

American National Standards Institute)n 1979, acest comitet este responsabilcu definirea standardelor generale EDI(veziElectronic Data Interchange) nStatele Unite ale Americii; comitetul secompune din membri ai guvernului iindustriei care formuleazstandarde cevor fi transmise ctre ANSI spreaprobare i distribuire.

Active CustomerStimulationStimulare activaclienilor

The consumer direct provider pushesinformation about new products, new

promotion events and so on.

Furnizorul de servicii de vnzare on-line(vezi Consumer Direct) transmiteclienilor informaii despre noi produse,noi evenimente promoionale etc.


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Activity Based Costing(ABC)

Analiza costurilor pe bazde activiti

An accounting method that enables abusiness to understand more clearlyhow and where it makes a profit. InABC, all major activities within a costcenter are identified and the costs of

performing each are calculated -

including costs that cross functionalboundaries.

O metodcontabilcare permite uneintreprinderi sneleagmai clar cumi unde realizeazprofit. Prin ABC suntidentificate toate activitile majoreasociate unui centru de costuri i suntcalculate costurile pentru realizarea

fiecreia dintre aceste activiti,incluznd costurile care traverseazdelimitrile funcionale dinntreprindere.

Activity DriverFactori determinani aiactivitilor

Elements that describe how cost objectsconsume activities (e.g. for moving a

pallet within a warehouse the activitydriver is the number of pallets).

Elemente care descriu modul n careobiectele generatoare de costuriconsumactiviti (de ex. n cazulactivitii de mutare a paleilor ntr-undepozit, factorul determinant alactivitii este numrul de palei).

Actual Net BenefitBeneficiul net efectiv

One of the five dimensions of strategic

effectiveness of a business alliance. Thevalue of strategic benefit minus the costof investing in physical and/or humanresources to operate the alliance.

Una dintre cele cinci dimensiuni ale

eficacitii strategice a unei aliane deafaceri, reprezentnd valoarea

beneficiului strategic din care se scadecostul investirii n resurse fizice i/sauumane pentru a opera aliana.

Adaptation of CustomerProfiles

Adaptarea profilelorclienilor

The collected information about thecustomer (age, order volume, ordereditems) are compared with existingcustomers, and then a profile isgenerated.

Informaiile colectate privind clientul(vrsta, volumul comenzii, articolelecomandate) sunt comparate cu celeasociate clienilor existeni, apoi estegenerat un profil al clientului.

Added ValueValoare adugat

The additional value attributed toproducts, as the result of a particularphysical process (e.g. productionprocess, storage, transport).

Valoarea suplimentaratribuitproduselor ca rezultat al unui anumitproces fizic (de ex., procesele deproducie, depozitare, transport).

Address VerificationVerificarea adresei

Process used by a credit card processoror other party to verify that aconsumers ordering address matchestheir previous records.

Proces utilizat de ctre un operator decarduri de credit sau de un alt terpentrua verifica dacadresa de livraremenionatn comanda clientului esteidenticcelei din nregistrrileanterioare.

Advance Ship Notice(ASN)

Preaviz de expediere

Standard electronic message fromsupplier to retailer providinginformation on a shipment that is to bedispatched. The ASN enables thecustomer to identify short shipments

before receipt and plan warehousereceiving more efficiently.

Mesaj electronic standard emis defurnizor ctre detailist, oferindinformaii asupra unei livrri ceurmeaza fi expediat. ASN permiteclientului sidentifice livrrile care nuacopercomenzile nainte derecepionarea acestora i splanificerecepionrile la depozit ntr-o maniermai eficient.


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Advanced Planning andScheduling Systems(APS)Sisteme de planificare i

programare avansat

Real time systems for productionplanning and scheduling. APS Systemssynchronize material and capacity

planning simultaneously and againstrestricted available capacity.

Sisteme care realizeazplanificarea iprogramarea produciei n timp real.Aceste sisteme sincronizeazproceselede planificare a materialelor i acapacitii de producie, lund nconsiderare restriciile privind

capacitatea disponibil.

Adversarial RelationshipRelaii comercialetradiionale, bazate peadversitate

The traditional means for achievingsupply chain coordination and control

based on organizational self-interest andshort-term focus/commitment.

Mijloacele tradiionale utilizate departenerii comerciali pentru realizareacoordonrii i controlului n cadrullanului de distribuie, bazate pesatisfacerea intereselor organizaionale

proprii i pe focalizarea/angajarea petermen scurt.

AdvocacySusinere

A key alliance manager in one firmbecomes an agent of change with seniormanagement in the partners firm.

Un manager cheie nsrcinat cuadministrarea alianei din cadrul uneiadintre firmele implicate ntr-o aliande

afaceri devine promotor al schimbrii nraporturile cu managementul superior alaltei firme partenere n alian.

AllianceAliande afaceri

A process wherein participants willinglymodify their basic business practices toreduce duplication and waste whilefacilitating improved performance. Alsocommonly referred to as partnership,value-adding partnership, relationalexchange and just-in-time exchange.

Un proces n cadrul cruia participaniii modificde bun-voie practicilefundamentale de afaceri pentru a reduceredundanele i risipa, facilitnd nacelai timp mbuntirea performanei.Este denumit i parteneriat,parteneriat pentru crearea de valoareadugat, schimb relaional sauschimbjust-in-time.

AllianceConceptualizationConceptualizarea alianei

The first horizontal level of the generalalliance model. Begins when a firmdetermines a collaborative arrangementhas appeal and provides a potentialalternative to traditional adversarialrelationships.

Primul nivel orizontal al modeluluigeneral al alianei de afaceri. ncepecnd o firmrealizeazfaptul cocolaborare cu o altfirmeste atractivi reprezinto alternativpoteniallarelaiile comerciale tradiionale, bazate

pe adversitate (veziAdversarialRelationship).

Alliance ConfirmationConfirmarea alianei

The third horizontal level of the generalalliance model. Begins when a firmselects an alliance partner. Strategic andoperational expectations for thearrangement are jointly determined andthe relationship is solidified.

Al treilea nivel orizontal al modeluluigeneral al alianei de afaceri. ncepecnd o firmselecteazun partener dealian. Ateptrile strategice ioperaionale asociate acestui demerssunt determinate n comun, iar relaiadintre parteneri este solidificat.

Alliance ImplementationContinuityContinuitateaimplementrii alianei

The fourth and final horizontal level ofthe general alliance model. Creates afeedback mechanism to continuallyadminister and assess performance todetermine whether the alliance will besustained, modified or terminated.

Al patrulea i ultimul nivel orizontal almodelului general al alianei de afaceri.Creeazun mecanism de feedback

pentru a administra i evalua n modcontinuu performana alianei, cu scopulde a determina dacaliana va fisusinut, modificatsau ncetat.


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Alliance ManagementManagementul alianei

One of the five dimensions of strategiceffectiveness of a business alliance.Composed of three elements thatnegatively impact alliance effectiveness:

power imbalance, managerial imbalanceand conflict.

Una dintre cele cinci dimensiuni aleeficacitii strategice a unei aliane deafaceri. Este compusdin trei elementecare au un impact negativ asupraeficacitii alianei: dezechilibrul de

putere, dezechilibrul managerial i

conflictul.

Alliance PursuanceIniierea alianei

The second horizontal level of thegeneral alliance model. Begins when afirm finalizes the decision to form analliance and establishes the strategic andoperational considerations that will beused to select an alliance partner.

Al doilea nivel orizontal al modeluluigeneral al alianei de afaceri. ncepecnd o firmadoptdecizia de a formao aliande afaceri i stabileteconsideraiile strategice i operaionalece vor fi utilizate pentru a selecta un

partener pentru aceastalian.

American NationalStandards Institute(ANSI)

Institutul NaionalAmerican pentruStandardizare

A non-governmental organization thatmanages the formation of voluntarynational standards.

O organizaie nonguvernamentalcareadministreazformarea standardelornaionale voluntare n Statele Unite ale

Americii.

ANSI/ISA-S88Standardul ANSI/ISA-S88

Batch Control standard issued by ISAdefining standards and recommended

practices for the design andspecification of batch control systems.

Standard pentru controlul loturilor emisde ISA (Instrumentation, Systems andAutomation Society), care definetestandarde i practici recomandate pentru

proiectarea i specificaiile sistemelor decontrol al loturilor.

Application Identifier(AI)

Identificator de aplicaie

A numeric prefix to a UCC*EAN-128code that defines the encoded data tofollow. These are generally used assecondary codes to provide informationnot included in standard UPCnumbering, such as product dates,weights and lot/batch numbers. It mayalso identify a UCC serial shippingcontainer code.

Un prefix numeric al coduluiUCC*EAN-128 care definete datelecodificate care i succed. Acesteandeplinesc n general rolul de codurisecundare, pentru a oferi informaii carenu sunt incluse n numerotarea UPCstandard (vezi Universal Product Code),cum ar fi data fabricaiei, greutatea inumrul de lot/serie. Acest prefix poateidentifica de asemenea codul UCC (veziUniform Code Council) serial al unuicontainer de expediere.

Article NumberAssociation (ANA)

Asociaia pentruNumerotarea Articolelor

The Article Number Associationorganizes and oversees the use ofunique article number and bar codes to

products within the UK.

Asociaia pentru NumerotareaArticolelor organizeazi supervizeazutilizarea unor numere unice alearticolelor i a unor coduri cu bare unice

pentru produsele din Marea Britanie.

Assessment StageStadiu de evaluare

The final stage in the processcomponent of an alliance. The partnersformally assess the relationship andreview original goals to evaluatestrategic effectiveness and adherence tooperating standards to determinewhether the alliance will be sustained,modified or terminated.

Ultimul stadiu al componenteiprocesuale a unei aliane de afaceri.Partenerii evalueazformal relaiadintre ei i reexamineazobiectiveleiniiale pentru a evalua eficacitateastrategici aderarea la standardeleoperaionale, cu scopul de a determinadacaliana va fi susinut, modificatsau ncetat.


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Association desIndustries de Marques(AIM)/European BrandsAssociation

Asociaia EuropeanaProductorilor de Marc

An association of manufactures ofleading brand consumer goods.

O asociaie cuprinznd productori debunuri de uz curent aparinnd unormrci consacrate.

Assortment CreationCrearea sortimentului

Any operation consolidating productflows to produce a wide range of

products. Assortment creation usuallytakes place in the retail distributioncenter.

Orice operaie de consolidare afluxurilor de produse pentru a obine ogamlargde produse. Aceasta serealizeazde reguln centrele dedistribuie ale detailitilor.

AttritionErodare

Used in the banking industry to describewhen your customers leave you to availof services of another bank. The morecommoditized products become themore frequently the process takes place.In the telecommunications industry the

same process is called churn.

Termen utilizat n industria bancarpentru a descrie situaia n care clieniiprsesc o bancn favoarea serviciilorunei alte bnci. Cu ct produsele

bancare devin mai comerciale, cu attacest proces este mai frecvent. n

industria telecomunicaiilor, procesulsimilar este denumit rotaie.

AuthorizationAutorizare

The process of checking the validity andavailable balance of a customers creditcard before the transaction can beaccepted.

Procesul verificrii validitii cardului ia disponibilului n contul de card al unuiclient nainte ca tranzacia sfieacceptat.

Automated AccountsPayable SystemsSistem automat deadministrare a datoriilor

Automatic matching process forinvoices, orders and delivery notes toensure correct payment for goodsreceived.

Proces automat de verificare afacturilor, comenzilor i notelor delivrare pentru a se asigura plata corect

pentru bunurile recepionate.

AutomatedStorage/Retrieval System(AS/RS)Sistem automat dedepozitare/retragere

A rack storage system with mechanicalequipment automatically loading andunloading the racks.

Un sistem de stocare prin suprapunerecuprinznd un echipament mecanic carencarci descarcautomat marfa.

AutomaticReplenishment

Reaprovizionare automat

The replenishment process is carried outfully automatically using a Dont runout list. The products are scanned withelectronic devices, like PDA, and the

products are ordered from thewarehouse.

Procesul de reaprovizionare estecomplet automatizat, folosind o listcu

produse care nu trebuie sse epuizezepe raftul magazinului. Produsele suntscanate cu dispozitive electronice cumar fi PDA-uri (veziPersonal Digital

Assistant) i sunt apoi comandate de ladepozit.

Available-to-Promise(ATP)

Disponibil la termen

A Supply Chain Management conceptwhose objective is to provide thecustomer with reliable informationabout product availability and deliverytime at the time of customers request.

Un concept specific managementuluilanului de distribuie al crui obiectiveste sfurnizeze clienilor informaii

privind disponibilitatea produselor itermenul de livrare la momentulefecturii solicitrii de ctre acetia.


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B

Back-to-back Long-termDeals

Acorduri mutual-beneficepe termen lung

Placing a product on near-continuousprice discount in exchange fordistributor-agreed performance;sometimes called contract pricing.

Plasarea aproape continua unui produsla un preredus n schimbul unei

performane a vnzrilor stabilitdecomun acord cu distribuitorul; cteodatnumitpoliticde preuri pe bazdecontract.

BackgroundFundal

The lighter portion of a bar codesymbol, including the quiet zone andspaces between the bars.

Partea mai deschisla culoare asimbolului unui cod cu bare, incluzndzona libernvecinati spaiile dintre

bare.

BandwidthLime de band

The data transfer capacity of a digitalcommunications system.

Capacitatea de transfer al datelorasociatunui sistem digital decomunicaii.

BarBar

A darker portion or lines in a bar code. O poriune mai nchisla culoare sauliniile dintr-un cod cu bare.

Bar CodeCod cu bare

EAN/UCC system of parallel lines(bars) of varying width allowing a seriesof digits to be scanned by an opticalreader.

Sistem EAN/UCC de linii (bare)paralele cu lime variabilpermindscanarea unei serii de caractere cuajutorul unui cititor optic.

Bar Code Character

Caracter al unui cod cubare

A combination of bars and spaces that

represent a letter, number or otherinformation to communicate data aboutthe product or shipping container towhich it is affixed. A bar code characteris one part of a full bar code that can beread by an electronic scanner.

O combinaie de bare i spaii care

reprezinto liter, un numr sau alteinformaii care comunicdatereferitoare la produsul sau containerulde livrare pe care este aplicat. Uncaracter al unui cod cu bare este o parteindividualdintr-un cod complet care

poate fi citit folosind un dispozitivelectronic de citire optic.

Bar Code DensityDensitatea codului cu bare

The number of characters that can berepresented in a linear inch of a barcode.

Numrul de caractere care pot fireprezentate pe o lungime de 2,54 cmntr-un cod cu bare.

Bar Heightnlimea barei

The dimension of a bar (line) of a barcode, measured from its top to its

bottom.

Dimensiunea unei linii din codul cubare, msuratde la marginea de suspnla marginea de jos.

Bar WidthLimea barei

The thickness of a bar (line) of a barcode, measured from one of its edges tothe other.

Grosimea liniei din codul cu baremsuratde la o margine laterallacealalt.

BatchLot (de produse/articole)

A batch unites products/items that haveundergone the same transformation

processes.

Un lot cuprinde produse/articole care autrecut prin aceleai procese detransformare.


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Batch NumberNumr al lotului

The number assigned to a unique batchof products. Many companies use theterminology Lot Code instead ofBatch Number. Without interferingwith internal manufacturing practicesand for simplification reasons, Lot

Code and Batch Number areconsidered as synonyms.

Numrul alocat unui lot unic deproduse. Multe ntreprinderi utilizeazterminologia cod al lotului n loc denumr al lotului. Fra influena

practicile interne de fabricaie i dinraiuni de simplificare, expresiile cod

al lotului i numr al lotului suntconsiderate sinonime.

BenchmarkingBenchmarking

A comparative process by which a firmidentifies and examines key practicesand/or processes used by otherorganization to modify and improve itsown performance. Comparisons aremade across multiple organizations,industries and channel levels.

Un proces comparativ prin care o firmidentifici analizeazpracticile i/sau

procesele cheie folosite de alteorganizaii pentru a modifica imbunti propria sa performan.Comparaiile se pot face ntreorganizaii, ramuri industriale sau niveleale canalelor de distribuie.

Best Before Date (BBD)A se consuma de

preferinnainte de data

The last date recommended for the use

of a product while at peak quality. Theproduct manufacturer determines thisdate. This is different from the ExpiryDate.

Data limitrecomandatpentru

utilizarea unui produs, datpnla careacesta i pstreazcalitatea iniial.Aceastdateste determinatde ctre

productor. Aceasta diferde Dataexpirrii (vezi Use By Date/Expiry

Date).

Box PalletBoxpalet

A pallet with a corrugated card boxwhich retains the load in transit anddrops down around 150 mm on displayto hide the pallet.

Un palet acoperit cu o cutie de cartoncare reine ncrctura aflatn tranzit icare coboarcu aproximativ 15 cm subnivelul paletului, pentru a l ascunde.

Business ProcessProces de afaceri

A sequence of interlinked steps thatprovide the mechanism for deliveringvalue to consumers. A business processcan transfer both physical products andinformation. It may extend beyond asingle business and include activities inother companies, across the supplychain.

O succesiune de pai intercorelai carecompun mecanismul pentru oferirea devaloare consumatorilor. Un proces deafaceri poate transfera att produsefizice, ct i informaii. Acesta se poateextinde dincolo de limitele unei entitide afaceri i poate include activitidesfurate n alte ntreprinderi, de-alungul lanului de distribuie.

Business to Bussines(B2B)

Business to Business (B2B)

Exchange of products, services andinformation between businesses.

Schimbul de produse, servicii iinformaii ntre entiti de afaceri.

Buyer ManagedInventory (BMI)

Inventar administrat decumprtor

Describes the traditional replenishmentprocess, where the buyer manages hisinventory and orders.

Descrie procesul de reaprovizionaretradiional, n care cumprtoruladministreazinventarul i comenzilesale.


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C

Call CenterCentru de apeluri

The location or facility housing atelemarketing operation. Increasinglyreferred to as a consumer interactioncenter as systems move away fromtraditional telephone only systems.

Locaia sau construcia care adposteteo operaiune de telemarketing.Cunoscuttot mai mult sub denumireade centru de interaciune cuconsumatorii,pe msurce sistemeleasociate se ndeprteazde celetradiionale, bazate exclusiv pe liniitelefonice.

Carousel PickingRidicare de tip carusel

Automatic picking which brings theproducts to the picker rather than havingthe picker move to the products.

Procedeu de extragere automataproduselor dintr-un depozit, prin careprodusele sunt purtate la dispozitivul de

ridicare, eliminnd necesitateadeplasrii acestuia la locaia produselor.

Case StudyStudiu de caz

An investigation of present events thatrelies upon multiple sources ofinformation. The investigation iscompleted through (or is based upon)observation and experience within itsreal-life context.

O investigaie a evenimentelor actualebazatpe multiple surse de informaii.Investigaia se realizeazprin (sau se

bazeazpe) observare i experiment nviaa real.

CategoryCategorie

A distinct, manageable group ofproducts/services that consumersperceive to be interrelated and/or which

can serve as substitutes to meet aparticular consumer need.

Un grup distinct de produse i serviciipe care consumatorii le percep ca fiindnrudite i/sau care sunt substituibile n

satisfacerea unei anumite nevoi aconsumatorului.

Category Management(CM)

Management princategorii

Both at retailer or distributor and atmanufactures level, management of afamily of related products in anintegrated manner from production tofinal sale.

Managementul unei familii de produsenrudite, ntr-o manierintegrat, de la

producie la vnzarea final, att lanivelul productorului, ct i la niveluldetailistului sau al distribuitorului.

Central WarehouseDepozit central

A warehouse which performs centralfunctions within a distribution system,for example keeping stocks of productsfor the other warehouses.

Un depozit care realizeazfuncii decentralizare ntr-un sistem de distribuie,cum ar fi pstrarea stocurilor de produse

pentru alte depozite.

Character-based Trustncredere bazatpecaracter

The qualitative assessment of qualitiesor characteristics inherent in each

partners philosophy or organizationalculture. Derived from five sources:1) integrity;2) identification of motives;3) consistency of behavior;4) openness and;5) discreetness.

Evaluarea calitativa caracteristicilorsau calitilor inerente n filozofia saucultura organizaionala fiecrui

partener. Acestea derivdin cinci surse:1) integritatea;2) identificarea motivelor;3) consistena comportamentului;4) deschiderea;5) discreia.


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Check of AvailabilityVerificarea disponibilitii

Automatic check if ordered products areavailable in the picking area (eitherstore or warehouse), if not the next

possible warehouse is checked and theproducts are ordered from thewarehouse.

Verificare automata existeneiproduselor comandate n zona deridicare (din magazin sau din depozit);n cazul lipsei acestora, este verificaturmtorul depozit posibil, iar produselerespective sunt n final comandate de la

depozitul unde acestea sunt disponibile.

Check of PlausibilityVerificarea plauzibilitii

Checks if the order is plausible, e.g. dothe ordered products and the amountmatch roughly with previous orders.

Verificare a plauzibilitii comenzii;spre exemplu, se verificdacproduselecomandate i cantitatea specificatncomandsunt similare n linii mari celordin comenzile anterioare.

ChurnRotaie

A term referring to customer disloyalty(see Attrition).

Termen care face referire la pierderealoialitii clienilor (veziAttrition).

Collaborative Commerce(C-Commerce)Comercolaborativ

The collaborative, electronicallyenabled business integration amongst an

enterprises internal personnel, businesspartners and customers throughout atrading community. The tradingcommunity could be an industry,industry segment, supply chain segment.

Integrarea bazatpe colaborare, prinmijloace electronice, a angajailor unei

ntreprinderi, a partenerilor de afaceri ia clienilor n cadrul unei comuniticomerciale. Aceastcomunitate poate fireprezentatde o industrie, de o ramurindustrialsau de un segment al lanuluide distribuie.

Collaborative ConsumerRelationshipManagement(Collaborative CRM)

Management cloaboratival relaiei cu consumatorii

An integrated ECR demand-management strategy which helpsmanufacturers and retailers to jointlyrecognize and value consumers/shoppers individual needs and tailortheir offers to them.

O strategie ECR (veziEfficientConsumer Response) integratdemanagement al cererii care ajut

productorii i detailitii srecunoasci sevalueze n comun nevoileindividuale ale consumatorilor/cumprtorilor i si adapteze ofertala acestea.

Collaborative Planning,Forecasting andReplenishment (CPFR)Colaborare n planificare,

prognozireaprovizionare

A cross-industry initiative designed toimprove thesupplier/manufacturer/retailerrelationship through co-managed

planning processes and sharedinformation.

O iniiativla nivelul mai multor ramuriindustriale conceputpentru ambunti relaia furnizor/productor/detailist prin procese de planificareadministrate n comun i prin partajareainformaiilor.

Comit Europen deNormalisation (CEN)Comitetul European

pentru Standardizare

CEN, the European Committee forStandardization, was founded in 1961

by the national standards bodies in theEuropean Economic Community andEFTA countries.

Now CEN is contributing to theobjectives of the European Union andEuropean Economic Area withvoluntary technical standards which

promote free trade, the safety ofworkers and consumers, interoperabilityof networks, environmental protection,exploitation of research anddevelopment programmes, and public

procurement.

CEN a fost nfiinat n 1961 de ctreorganismele naionale pentrustandardizare din rile ComunitiiEconomice Europene i AsociaieiEuropene a Liberului Schimb (EFTA -European Free Trade Association). n

prezent, CEN contribuie la atingereaobiectivelor Uniunii Europene i aleZonei Economice Europene prinstandarde tehnice voluntare care

promoveazliberul schimb, siguranalucrtorilor i a consumatorilor,interoperabilitatea reelelor, proteciamediului, exploatarea programelor decercetare i dezvoltare i aprovizionarean sistemul public.


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Competence-based Trustncredere bazatpecompeten

The quantitative assessment of actualbehavior and operating performance.Derived from four sources:1) specific competence;2) interpersonal competence;3) competence in business sense and;

4) general business judgment.

Evaluarea cantitativacomportamentului efectiv i a

performanelor operaionale ale unuipartener implicat ntr-o aliandeafaceri. Aceasta derivdin patru surse:1) competenspecific;

2) competeninterpersonal;3) competenn afaceri;4) judecatgeneralspecificdomeniului afacerilor.

Composite DataElements

Elemente compuse de date

Simple data elements grouped togetherto provide logically related information.

Elemente simple de date grupate nvederea furnizrii de informaii corelatelogic.

Composite DeliveryLivrri compuse

A combined load for delivery to aDistribution Center or store that is madeup of multi-temperature product typese.g. frozen/fresh/ambient.

O ncrcturcombinatdestinatlivrrii ctre un centru de distribuie sauctre un magazin, compusdin tipuri de

produse cu mai multe temperaturi de

pstrare, cum ar fi produse ngheate,produse proaspete i produse pstrate latemperatura mediului ambiant.

Computer Assisted/Aided Ordering (CAO)Sistem de comandareasistatde calculator

A retail-system that automaticallygenerates store replenishment orderswhen the shelf inventory drops below a

predetermined level. A computer systemtracks inventory of all items in the store,adjusting for receipts and sales.

Un sistem utilizat n comerul cuamnuntul, care genereazautomatcomenzi pentru reaprovizionareamagazinelor atunci cnd inventarulscade sub un nivel predeterminat.Aceasta se realizeazprintr-un sisteminformatizat care monitorizeazinventarul tuturor articolelor dinmagazin i care ajusteazacest inventarn funcie de vnzri i recepii.

Concatenated Bar CodesCoduri cu bareconcatenate

Two or more bar codes linked into onelong bar code.

Dousau mai multe coduri cu bare careformeazmpreunun cod cu bare mailung.

ConflictConflict

An element of alliance management thatoccurs when one channel member isengaged in behavior designed to injure,thwart, or gain scarce resources at theexpense of the other.

Un element specific managementuluialianei de afaceri care se manifestatunci cnd un membru al unui canal dedistribuie este angajat ntr-uncomportament de natursaduc

prejudicii, smpiedice bunadesfurare a activitii sau sdetermineobinerea de resurse n detrimentulcelorlali membri ai canalului respectiv.

CongestionCongestionare

Congestion arises when traffic exceedsinfrastructure capacity and the speed oftraffic declines.

Congestionarea se manifestatunci cndtraficul depete capacitateainfrastructurii de transport, iar viteza dedeplasare se reduce.

ConnectivityConectivitate

One of the three dimensions ofoperating standards. Composed of twoelements which positively impactadherence to standards: responsivenessand technology adoption.

Una dintre cele trei dimensiuni alestandardelor operaionale. Este compusdin douelemente care au impact

pozitiv asupra adeziunii la standarde:reactivitatea i adoptarea tehnologiei.


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ConsolidationConsolidare

Goods from different origins withdifferent destinations are bundled into(consolidated into) one shipment for agiven destination while meeting thedelivery requirements (time,completeness etc.). Two types of

consolidation are to be distinguished:consolidation for one destination andconsolidation for several deliveries intothe same geographical area.

Bunuri cu origini diferite i destinaiidiferite sunt grupate (consolidate) ntr-osingurexpediere pentru o destinaiedat, respectndu-se cerinele de livrare(termen, cantitate etc.). Se pot distingedoutipuri de consolidare: consolidare

pentru o singurdestinaie iconsolidare pentru mai multe livrri naceeai zongeografic.

ConsolidatorConsolidator

A hauler, typically third party, whocombines the picking and/or delivery ofgoods from one or more manufacturersto a distribution center or store.

Un transportator, de regulo terparte,care combinridicarea i/sau livrarea

bunurilor de la unul sau mai muliproductori ctre un centru dedistribuie sau ctre un magazin.

ConstraintsConstrngeri

They impose limits (usually vialegislation) on the way in which

infrastructure may be used they mayby physical, such as vehicle dimensionand load weight maxima; economicinstruments, such as road pricing; orsocial, such as regulation of workinghours or city access.

Constrngerile impun limite (de regulprin intermediul legislaiei) asupra

modalitii n care infrastructura poate fiutilizat acestea pot fifizice, cum ar fidimensiunile vehiculelor i greutateamaximadmisa ncrcturii,instrumente economice, precum taxe

pentru accesul pe drumurile publice, sausociale, cum ar fi reglementareatimpului de lucru sau a accesului nlocaliti.

Consumer DirectServicii de vnzare on-line

Term used to describe on-line servicesthat offer grocery and related productswhich consumers can order and receiveremotely from a retail outlet supported

by information technology.

Termen utilizat pentru a descrie serviciion-line care oferbunuri de consum inrudite pe care consumatorii le potcomanda de la distani primi de la un

punct de desfacere cu amnuntul careutilizeaztehnologia informaiei.

Consumer DirectLogistics

Logistica pentruserviciilede vnzare on-line

The supply chain processes and toolsneeded to enable Consumer Directoperations.

Procesele i instrumentele necesarepentru a face posibilfuncionareaserviciilor de vnzare on-line n cadrullanului de distribuie.

Consumer LearningCenter (CLC)Centru de studiere aconsumatorului

An on-site research center that examinesand measures consumer behavior trendsand behavior in the emerging ConsumerDirect Industry.

Centru de cercetare local careexamineazi msoarcomportamentuli tendinele n comportamentulconsumatorilor n industria emergentaserviciilor de vnzare on-line.

Consumer PackagedGoods (CPG)

Bunuri de consumambalate

Consumer products packaged bymanufacturers and sold through retailoutlets.

Bunuri de consum ambalate deproductori i comercializate prin unitide desfacere cu amnuntul.


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Consumer PanelColecie de date privindconsumatorii

A consumer panel provides marketerswith key consumer insights, capturingactual consumer purchase information.It provides insights into buzzing

behavior across every outlet, fromwarehouse clubs to convenience stores

and from supermarkets to independentdrug stores and mass merchandisers.

O astfel de colecie de date oferoamenilor de marketing informaiilegate de aspecte cheie privindconsumatorii, prin colectarea de date

privind cumprrile efective aleacestora. Aceasta ofero perspectiv

asupra comportamentului la efectuareacumprturilor pentru toate tipurile de

puncte de vnzare, de la magazine de tipclub (vezi Warehouse Club) lamagazine generale i de la supermarket-uri la farmacii independente i detailitide mas(veziMass Merchandiser).

Consumer ResourceCenter (CRC)Centru de resurse pentruconsumatori

A dedicated fulfillment center designedto efficiently aggregate a wide range of

products and services.

Un centru (de regulun depozit) dedicatsatisfacerii nevoilor consumatorilor,conceput pentru a agrega n modeficient o gamlargde produse iservicii.

Consumer RetentionRetenia consumatorilor

The strategy of keeping existingconsumers.

Strategia pstrrii consumatorilorexisteni.

Consumer UnitUnitate de consum

Any item which crosses the retail pointof sale.

Orice articol care traverseazpunctul devnzare cu amnuntul.

Content ProviderFurnizor de coninut

A firm whose products are informationbased (content), including services toaccess and manage the content.

O firmale crei produse au cafundament informaiile (produsecunoscute sub denumirea de coninut),incluznd servicii pentru accesarea iadministrarea acestui coninut.

Continuous PerformanceMeasurement

Msurare continuaperformanei

An element of formalization. Focuseson the need to develop operational

performance measurements and thencontinually assess and improve thoseoperational activities.

Un element al formalizrii. Sefocalizeazasupra nevoii de a dezvoltaindicatori de performanoperaionaliulterior evalueazi mbuntetecontinuu activitile operaionalerespective.

ContinuousReplenishmentProgramme (CRP)

Program dereaprovizionare continu

Practice ensuring on-going supply ofgoods between a supplier and a trade

partner, based on automated exchangeof current inventory, and stockmovement information, within theframework of a commonly agreedsupply policy. In this system thesupplier is responsible for the stockmanagement at the retailer distributioncenter.

Practicce asigurlivrarea continudebunuri ntre un furnizor i un partenercomercial, bazatpe un schimbautomatizat de informaii privindinventarul curent i micarea stocurilor,n cadrul unei politici de aprovizionarestabilitde comun acord. n acestsistem, furnizorul este responsabil

pentru managementul stocului la centrulde distribuie al detailistului.

Core CompetencyCompetenesenial

A firms specialized skill or talent thatdifferentiates it from competitors (e.g.design skill, research and development,information systems development, etc).

Aptitudinea sau talentul specializat alunei firme care o difereniazdecompetitori (de ex., aptitudini de

proiectare, cercetare i dezvoltare,dezvoltare a sistemelor informaionaleetc.).


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Cost Drivers inTransport

Determinani ai costurilorn transporturi

In distribution, both for manufacturesand retailers, transport costs are largelydetermined by shipment volumes,shipment planning, transport distanceand operation costs as well as, arisingfrom the current situation on the roads,

congestion costs.

n domeniul distribuiei, att pentruproductori ct i pentru detailiti,costurile de transport sunt determinaten principal de volumul livrrilor,

planificarea livrrilor, distana detransport i costurile operaionale,

precum i de costurile generate decongestionrile din trafic, n funcie desituaia curentpe drumurile publice.

CrisisCriz

Any incident situation where is reasonto believe that a product distributed inthe supply chain or placed on the marketmay be injurious to human or animalhealth and/or to environment protectionand/or have serious negative impact onthe business organization and/or imageof the company.

Orice situaie cu caracter de incidentn care existmotive sse creadcun

produs distribuit n lanul de distribuiesau plasat pe piapoate fi vtmtor

pentru sntatea umansau animali/sau pentru protecia mediului i/sau

poate avea un impact negativsemnificativ asupra organizaiei i/sauimaginii acesteia.

Cross Docking (CD)Transbordare

A distribution system in whichmerchandise received at a warehouse ordistribution center is not put away intostock but immediately prepared forshipment to retail stores. Closesynchronization of all inbound andoutbound shipments is crucial. In pallet-level cross docking, entire pallets arereceived from the vendor and moveddirectly to the outbound trucks withoutfurther handling.

Un sistem de distribuie n care marfarecepionatla un depozit sau centru dedistribuie nu este pstratn stoc, cieste pregtitimediat pentru expediereactre magazinele de vnzare cuamnuntul. Este esenialsincronizareastricta tuturor livrrilor spre i dinsprelocaia respectiv. n cazul transbordriicare opereazcu palei, acetia suntrecepionai de la vnztor i sunt mutaidirect ctre camioane n vedereaexpedierii, fra fi descompletai i froperaii suplimentare de manipulare.

Cross-functional TeamEchiptransfunional

A business team composed ofindividuals representing a variety ofdisciplines (e.g. sales, informationsystems and logistics); often the type ofteam composed for CRP start-up.

O echipde afaceri compusdinindivizi ce reprezinto varietate dediscipline (ex. vnzri, sistemeinformatice, logistic); este adesea tipulde echipformatpentru iniierea unuidemers de reaprovizionare continu.

Customer Interface/Pointof Interaction (POI)

Interfa/punct deinteraciune cu clienii

The point of interaction between yourcustomers and your organization. Thiscan include the web, telesales operator,call center or face-to-face.

Punctul de interaciune dintre clieni iorganizaie. Acesta poate fi reprezentatde web, de un operator de vnzri printelefon, de un centrul de apeluri sau de ontlnire fan fa.

Customer Pick-UpPreluarea livrrii de ctreclient

The customer arranges for the pickup ofshipment, either by his own private fleetor by contracting with a carrier.

Clientul realizeazdemersurile pentrupreluarea livrrilor, fie folosind parculauto propriu, fie prin contractarea uneifirme de transport.


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Customer/ConsumerRelationshipManagement (CRM)

Managementul relaiilorcu clienii/consumatorii

CRM entails all aspects of interaction acompany has with itscustomers/consumers. It includesmethodologies, software, and usuallyInternet capabilities that help anorganization manage

customer/consumer relationships in anorganized way.

CRM cuprinde toate aspecteleinteraciunii unei ntreprinderi cuclienii/consumatorii si. Includemetodologii, software i de regultehnologii Intenet care ajutorganizaiasadministreze relaiile cu clienii/

consumatorii si ntr-o manierorganizat.

Cycle CountInventariere ciclic

A physical inventory verificationprocedure performed at regular intervalsalong the specific aisles or section in astore. The duration of the cycle mayvary, but the activity in all individualsection is generally completed prior tothe next cycle.

O procedurde verificare a inventaruluifizic realizatla intervale regulateasupra unor seciuni specifice alemagazinului. Durata ciclului poatevaria, nsactivitatea desfuratntoate seciunile individuale vizate estede regulfinalizatnainte de ncepereaurmtorului ciclu.

Cycle StockStoc cu reaprovizionareciclic

A main component of any intern

inventory which depletes gradually andis replenished cyclically when ordersare received or production batches aremade.

O componentprincipala oricrui

inventar intern care este epuizattreptati reaprovizionatciclic atunci cndsunt primite comenzi sau cnd suntfabricate loturile de produse respective.

D

Data Analysis

Analiza datelor

Data analysis, also called business

intelligence, is using software for ad hocquery, reporting and analysis, andsupporting decision making processeswith a data warehouse or data mart.Basically it means slicing and dicingyour data to figure out how to keepconsumers and find new ones.

Analiza datelor, cunoscuti sub

denumirea business intelligenceutilizeazsoftware pentru interogare,raportare i analizad hoc i sprijin

procesele decizionale prin intermediulunui depozit de date. Practic semnific

procesarea minuioasa datelor pentru aidentifica modaliti de pstrare aconsumatorilor existeni i de atragere aaltora noi.

Data CleansingFiltrarea datelor

The process of removing inaccurate andhistorical data from operational systemsto use in a data warehouse.

Procesul nlturrii datelor inexacte iistorice din sistemele operaionale,

pentru a fi utilizate ntr-un depozit de

date.

Data MarketingMarketing bazat pe date

The process of building, maintainingand using consumer databases for the

purpose of contacting and transactingbusiness.

Procesul construirii, administrrii iutilizrii unor baze de date privindconsumatorii pentru a dispune deinformaii de contact i a realizatranzacii de afaceri.

Data MartColecie de date privind un

singur consumator

Data repository in which are storedelements of data on a consumer.

Depozit de date n care sunt stocateelemente de date privind un singurconsumator.


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Data MigratingMigrarea datelor

The process of translating data from oneformat to another or moving data fromon storage site to another. Mostcommon when a new system isimplemented in place of a legacy one orafter an acquisition of a company or its

data using another format.

Procesul translatrii datelor de la unformat la altul sau al mutrii datelor dela o locaie de stocare la alta. Semanifestde regulla implementareaunui sistem nou n locul altuia existentsau dupachiziia unei ntreprinderi sau

a datelor acesteia, care utilizeazun altformat.

Data MiningProcesarea datelor

The function of database applicationsthat probe for hidden or undiscovered

patterns in given collections of data.

Funcie a aplicaiilor pentru baze de datecare urmrete sidentifice tipareascunse sau nedescoperite n cadrulunor colecii de date.

Data ModelsModele de date

In order to analyze data it is oftennecessary to build a data model. In itssimplest form a data model takes anumber of given inputs and produces anumber of outputs.

La analiza datelor este adesea necesar sse construiascun model de date. n ceamai simplform, un model de dateutilizeazun numr dat de intrri i

produce un numr de ieiri.

Data Pool/DataCatalogueColecie/catalog de date

Repository (mainly electronic) of datarelated to items and parties within thesupply chain.

Depozit de date (de reguln formatelectronic) privind articole i pri dinlanul de distribuie.

Data WarehouseDepozit de date

Single database containing anorganizations entire customer recordsin compiled, unified format.

Bazde date individualconinnd toatenregistrrile unei organizaii privindclienii ntr-un format agregat, unificat.

DatabaseBazde date

A file composed of records, eachcontaining fields, together with a set ofoperations for searching.

Un fiier compus din nregistrri, fiecareconinnd cmpuri, precum i un set deoperaii pentru cutare.

DealsOferte speciale

Terms offered by suppliers todistributors for the sale and promotionof a product.

Condiii oferite de furnizoridistribuitorilor pentru vnzarea i

promovarea unui produs.

Defined ProceduresProceduri definite

An element of formalization.Establishes ground rules for alliance

practice to identify each partners rolesand responsibilities.

Un element al formalizrii. Stabiletereguli primare pentru practica alianei nvederea identificrii rolurilor iresponsabilitilor fiecrui partener.

Delivery ConfirmationConfirmarea livrrii

The confirmation of goods received.Also referred to as Proof of Delivery.

Confirmarea recepionrii bunurilor.Cunoscuti ca dovada livrrii.

Delivery CostsCosturi de livrare

Costs covering the delivery of orderedproducts/services from the ConsumerDirect companys picking facilities tothe preferred location of the customer.

Costuri care acoperlivrareaproduselor/ serviciilor comandate, de lapunctul de livrare al furnizorului deservicii de vnzare on-line la locaia

preferatde client.

Delivery FeeTaxde livrare

Amount paid by the customer for thedelivery of the ordered

products/services.

Sumpltitde client pentru livrareaproduselor/serviciilor comandate.

Despatch Advice(DESADV)

Aviz de expediere

EANCOM message that givesinformation about the delivery of goodsin the conditions accepted between the

partners.

Mesaj EANCOM care oferinformaiidespre livrarea bunurilor n condiiileacceptate de parteneri.


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Direct Exchange(DEX)Schimb direct de date

Data interchanged directly betweensupplier and retailer computers. (cf.

Network Exchange)

Date schimbate n mod direct ntrecalculatoarele detailistului i cele alefurnizorului (vezi iNetwork

Exchange).

Direct Exchange UCS

Standard pentrucomunicarea directadatelor comerciale

Uniform communications standard as

defined by UCC for use in DEX in theUSA.

Standard uniform de comunicaii definit

de UCC (vezi Uniform Code Council)pentru folosirea n cadrul DEX peteritoriul Statelor Unite ale Americii.

Direct Product Cost(DPC)Cost direct pe produs

Yardstick for measuring the profitabilityof a given product, taking into accountall costs directly traceable to it.

Etalon pentru msurarea profitabilitiiunui produs dat, lund n consideraretoate costurile care derivdirect dinacesta.

Direct Product Profit(DPP)

Profit direct pe produs

An accounting method to examine eachproducts contribution to a retailersoverall profit by refining gross marginsinto net contribution to costs and profit

by individual stock-keeping units. Todetermine the DPP of an item, a specialformula is developed to deduct all directand indirect costs of handling that item.DPP/DPC does not address overheadallocation problems - only the costsrelated directly to a product (e.g.,ordering and stocking). ABC doesaddress these overhead and indirectcosts. Also unlike DPP/DPC, ABC istied to the businesss general ledger,allowing easier and more accuratedeterminations of profitability bydepartment, category or SKU.

Metodcontabilpentru examinareacontribuiei fiecrui produs la profitulglobal al unui detailist prindescompunerea marjelor brute n

contribuii nete la costuri i profit lanivelul unitilor individuale de pstraren stoc. n vederea determinrii

profitului direct pe produs al unui articola fost dezvoltato formulspecial

pentru deducerea tuturor costurilordirecte i indirecte ale procesriiarticolului respectiv. DPP/DPC nurezolvproblemele de alocare acheltuielilor generale, ci vizeazdoarcosturile legate direct de un produs (deex., costurile de comandare i stocare).Metoda ABC (veziActivity BasedCosting) este cea care vizeazacestecheltuieli generale i costuri indirecte.De asemenea, spre deosebire deDPP/DPC, metoda ABC opereazcunregistrrile contabile generale alefirmei, permind determinri mai facilei mai riguroase ale profitabilitii lanivel de departament, categorie de

produse sau unitate de pstrare n stoc.

Direct Store Delivery(DSD)

Livrare directla magazin

A method of delivering merchandisefrom the manufacturer directly to theretail store, bypassing retail warehousefacilities.

O metodde livrare a mrfurilor de laproductor direct la magazinul devnzare cu amnuntul, evitnd trecerea

prin depozitele detailistului.

Direct SupplyLivrare direct

A marketing channel with nointermediaries between producer andconsumer, for which the producerassumes the responsibilities or activitiesnormally undertaken by a middleman.

Un canal de marketing frintermediarintre productor i consumator, n care

productorul i asumresponsabilitilei activitile ndeplinite n mod normalde un intermediar.


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Distribution Center (DC)Centru de distribuie

Entity that receives products fromdifferent suppliers or manufacturers,stocks and then ships these products towholesalers or retailers. This is usuallya warehouse or other specialized

building with refrigeration or air

conditioning.

Entitate care recepioneazproduse dela diferii furnizori sau productori,stocheazi apoi expediazaceste

produse ctre angrositi sau detailiti.Acesta este de regulun depozit sau unalt tip de cldire specializat, dotatcu

instalaii de aer condiionat saurefrigerare.

Distribution ChannelCanal de distribuie

The route which the goods or title to thegoods follow from the original supplierto the end user, determined by the typeof trading parties, e.g. wholesaler,retailer etc.

Canalul pe care bunurile idocumentaia aferentle urmeazde lafurnizorul iniial la utilizatorul final,determinat de tipul partenerilorcomerciali, cum ar fi angrosist, detailistetc.

DistributionRequirements/ResourcePlanning (DRP)

Planificareacerinelor/resurselor dedistribuie

Time phased planning of supply ofmultiple distribution centers along oneor several supply stages, in terms of

optimum source locations, transportloads and modes, and inventory levels.

Planificare n timp a aprovizionrii unorcentre de distribuie multiple la nivelulunuia sau mai multor stadii ale

aprovizionrii, viznd optimizarealocaiei surselor, a ncrcturii imodalitilor de transport i a niveluluiinventarelor.

DistributorDistribuitor

A third party responsible for thedistribution of manufactures goods.

O terparte responsabilcu distribuiabunurilor fabricate.

Distributor ManagedReplenishment (DMR)

Reaprovizionareadministratdedistribuitor

A form of CRP in which the distributormanages the stock level and availabilityof products in his warehouse.

O formde reaprovizionare continuncare distribuitorul administreaznivelulstocului i disponibilitatea produselor ndepozitele sale.

Dont Run Out List(DRO)

A list of essential products that thecustomer buys automatically on acyclical basis.

O listcu produse eseniale pe careclientul le cumprautomat n modciclic.

Downstream (in SCM)Aval (n SCM)

Flow of goods and services from themanufacturer to the final user orconsumer.

Fluxul de bunuri i servicii de laproductor la utilizatorul final sau laconsumator.

Drop and DriveMetoda Lasi condumai departe

Same as Drop and Hook but the goodsare unloaded from the trailer and thetruck leaves for his next destinationwithout having the goods checked.Discrepancies are notified by thereceiver at a later date.

Similar Drop and Hook,nsaicibunurile sunt descrcate din camion iaracesta pleacspre urmtoarea destinaiefrverificarea bunurilor. Discrepanelesunt semnalate de ctre receptor la odatulterioar.

Drop and HookMetoda Lasi ridic

Arrangement among shipper, carrier andconsignee whereby the carrier leaves atrailer filled with freight at a destinationand hooks up and hauls away an emptytrailer.

Aranjament ntre expeditor,transportator i destinatar prin caretransportatorul laso remorcplinladestinaie i ridicuna goal, pe care otransportmai departe.

Drop LotZonde parcare

A secure parking area where trailers canbe unlooked from tractors and held untilthe warehouse is ready to bring thetrailer to a dock to unloading.

O suprafade parcare pzitunderemorcile pot fi detaate de camioane i

parcate pncnd depozitul este gata sle aducla rampe pentru descrcare.


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Drop TrailersRemorci detaabile

Trailers that are unhooked from a tractorwhen the truck reaches its destinations,so the driver can depart without waitingfor the trailer to be unloaded.

Remorci care sunt detaate de camioncnd acesta ajunge la destinaie, astfelnct oferul poate splece frsatepte descrcarea acestora.

Dysfunctional Conflict

Conflict care genereazdisfuncionaliti

Conflict that cannot be resolved and

reduces supply chain efficiency andperformance.

Conflict care nu poate fi rezolvat i care

reduce eficiena i performana lanuluide aprovizionare.

E

EAN International(currently GS1)

EAN International

(n prezent GS1)

EAN International, based in Brussels,Belgium, is an organization that jointlymanages the EAN*UCC System with

the Uniform Code Council, Inc. Thisword-wide system allows theidentification and the communication ofdata on products, services, utilities,transport units and locations. EANInternational (GS1) develops andmaintains coding standards for all users.Its aim is to develop a global, multi-sectorial standards system thus

providing a common language fornational and international trade.

EAN International, cu sediul nBruxelles, Belgia, este o organizaiecare administreazsistemul EAN*UCC

mpreuncu Uniform Code Council,Inc. Acest sistem, care opereazla nivelmondial, permite identificarea icomunicarea de date privind produsele,serviciile, utilitile, unitile detransport i locaiile. EAN International(GS1) dezvolti administreazstandarde de codificare pentru toiutilizatorii. Scopul acestei entiti estede a dezvolta un sistem de standardizareglobal, multisectorial, oferind astfel unlimbaj comun pentru comerul naionali internaional.

EANCOMEANCOM

A subset of the UN/EDIFACTstandards, directories and guidelines forelectronic interchange of structured datamanaged by the United Nations.

Un subset al standardelor, cataloagelori liniilor directoare UN/EDIFACT

pentru schimbul electronic de datestructurate, administrat de NaiunileUnite.

EAN*UCC GlobalLocation Number (GLN)

Numrul EAN*UCCglobal pentru identificarealocaiei

A numbering standard managed byEAN*UCC and used o identify any

physical, functional or logical location.

Un standard de numerotare administratde EAN*UCC i utilizat pentru aidentifica orice locaie fizic,funcionalsau logic.

EAN*UCC Global TradeItem Number (GTIN)

Numrul EAN*UCCglobal pentru articolelecomerciale

A numbering standard managed byEAN*UCC and used for the uniqueidentification of trade items.

Un standard de numerotare administratde EAN*UCC i utilizat pentruidentificarea unica articolelorcomerciale.

EAN*UCC LogisticsLabel

Eticheta EAN*UCC pentruuniti de logistic

EAN standard for labeling of palletswith unique serial number - the serialshipping container code and otherstandardized information using EAN-128 bar codes.

Standard EAN pentru etichetareapaleilor cu numere seriale unice - codulserial al containerului de expediere - ialte informaii standardizate utilizndcodurile cu bare EAN-128.


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EAN*UCCSerial ShippingContainer Code (SSCC)Codul serial EAN*UCC

pentru containerele deexpediere

A unique 18 digit serial number, used toidentify any transport unit (typically

pallets) containing standard ornon/standard combinations of productand managed by EAN*UCC. It can be

bar coded using UCC/EAN-128, and is

widely used together with an EDIadvance shipping notice.

Un numr serial unic format din 18caractere administrat de EAN*UCC iutilizat pentru identificarea oricreiuniti de transport (de regulpalet)coninnd combinaii standard/non-standard de produse. Poate fi reprezentat

printr-un cod cu bare UCC/EAN-128 ieste utilizat pe scarlargn combinaiecu un preaviz de expediere de tip EDI(veziElectronic Data Interchange).

EAN*UCC SystemSistemul EAN*UCC

A set of standards enabling the efficientmanagement of global, multi-industrysupply chains by uniquely identifying

products, shipping units, assets,locations and services to improve

business efficiency and productivity.

Un set de standarde care permitmanagementul eficient al lanurilor dedistribuie globale, multi-canal, prinidentificarea unica produselor,unitilor de expediere, bunurilor,locaiilor i serviciilor pentru ambunti eficiena i productivitatea nafaceri.

EDI for Administration,Commerce andTransport (EDIFACT,UN/EDIFACT)

EDI pentru administraie,comeri transporturi

A set of internationally agreedstandards, directories and guidelines forelectronic interchange of structureddata, administered by the United

Nations.

Un set de standarde, liste i liniidirectoare convenite la nivelinternaional viznd schimburileelectronice de date structurate,administrat de Naiunile Unite.

EDI ImplementationStandard for EDIFACTStandard de implementare

EDI pentru EDIFACT

Uniform communications standardadopted by EAN and UCC.

Standard uniform de comunicaiiadoptat de EAN i UCC.

EDI Third PartyFurnizor terde serviciiEDI

A network service provider that receivesdata from one trading partner and storesit for retrieval for another; since editing,translating and other tasks may also be

performed, the term value addednetwork is often used to describe thisservice provider.

Un furnizor de servicii de comunicaiicare recepioneazdate de la un partenercomercial i le stocheazpentru a puteafi extrase de un altul; deoarece se potefectua de asemenea operaii de editare,traducere i alte activiti, adesea estefolosit termenul reea de servicii cuvaloare adugat pentru a descrie acestfurnizor de servicii.

EDIFACT ComponentsComponente EDIFACT

As with EDIFACT service segments,the components which go into makingup an EDIFACT message are split intolevels, in this case 5.

Ca i n cazul segmentelor serviciuluiEDIFACT, componentele carealctuiesc un mesaj EDIFACT suntmprite pe niveluri, n acest caz nnumr de 5.

EDIFACT DirectoriesCatalog EDIFACT

The grouping of all of the componentsof EDIFACT takes place in anEDIFACT directory. CurrentlyEDIFACT directories are released twicea year (March and September) by theUnited Nations in Geneva.

Gruparea tuturor componentelorEDIFACT se realizeazntr-un catalogEDIFACT. n mod curent cataloageleEDIFACT sunt lansate de douori pean (n lunile martie i septembrie) dectre Naiunile Unite, la Geneva.


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EDIFACT InterchangeSchimb EDIFACT

An EDIFACT interchange is a logicalstructure of messages and functionalgroups which forms a complete EDIcommunication between trading

partners.

Un schimb EDIFACT este o structurlogicde mesaje i grupuri funcionalecare formeazo comunicare de tip EDI(veziElectronic Data Interchange)completntre partenerii comerciali.

EDIFACT MessagesMesaje EDIFACT

EDIFACT messages are created bygrouping together individual segment orsegment groups in order to satisfy a

business function.

Mesajele EDIFACT sunt create pringruparea segmentelor individuale sau agrupurilor de segmente n scopulsatisfacerii unei funcii a afacerii.

Efficient Administration(EA)

Administrare eficient

Supplier and retailer work together tomanage the flow of information anddocumentation, with the aim of reducing(1) activities with add no value (re-keying data or correcting errors), (2)transmission costs (e.g. mail-overheadcosts) and (3) transmission time (e.g.invoice mailing).

Furnizorul i detailistul lucreazmpreunpentru a putea controla cursulinformaional i documentaia n scopulreducerii: (1) activitilor care nu aducvaloare (reintroducerea datelor saucorectarea erorilor), (2) costurilor detransmitere (de ex. costurile potale) i(3) timpului de transmitere (de ex.

expedierea facturilor prin pot).

Efficient ConsumerResponse (ECR)

Rspuns eficient pentruconsumator

Common collaborated initiative bysuppliers and trade to optimize the jointsupply chain to create additionalconsumer value in terms of lower cost,

better service, higher quality and largervariety.

Iniiativcomunde colaborare ntrefurnizori i comerciani n vedereaoptimizrii lanului de aprovizionare

partajat cu scopul a crea valoaresuplimentarpentru consumatori ntermeni de costuri sczute, serviciimbuntite, calitate superioarivarietate sporit.

Efficient Product Launchand Development (EPD)

Dezvoltareai lansareaeficienta produselor

Suppliers and retailers work together todevelop new products and plan productlaunches in order to reduce the failurerate of new product introductions.

Furnizorii i detailitii lucreazmpreunpentru dezvoltarea de noi

produse i planificlansrile pentru areduce rata de eec a acestora.

Efficient Promotion (EP)Promovare eficient

Suppliers and retailers work together toplan and/or implement promotions sothe excess costs are reduced and theresults of promotions are improved.

Furnizorii i detailitii lucreazmpreunla planificarea i/sauimplementarea promovrilor astfel nctcosturile n exces sfie reduse irezultatele promovrilor sfiembuntite.

Efficient Replenishment(ER)

Reaprovizionare eficient

Suppliers and retailers work together toensure provision of the right product, tothe right place, at the right time, in theright quantity and in the most efficientmanner possible.

Furnizorii i detailitii lucreazmpreunpentru a asigura furnizarea

produselor potrivite la locul potrivit, lamomentul potrivit, n cantitatea potriviti n cel mai eficient mod posibil.

Efficient StoreAssortment (ESA)Sortiment eficient nmagazin

Suppliers and retailers work together todefine store assortment in order tomaximize efficiency and profitability ofspace.

Furnizorii i detailitii lucreazmpreunpentru definirea sortimentuluidin magazin n vederea maximizareaeficienei i profitabilitii spaiuluicomercial.

Efficient StoreMerchandising (ESM)

Merchandising eficient nmagazin

Optimization of Category and Spaceallocation and frequent monitoring ofcategory and item space of store level.

Optimizarea categoriilor i a alocriispaiului i monitorizarea frecventacategoriilor i a spaiului alocatarticolelor la nivelul magazinului.


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Electronic DataInterchange (EDI)Schimb electronic de date

The computer-to-computer transmissionof business information between trading

partners. The information is usuallyorganized in standard file format ortransaction sets following guidelines bythe Uniform Code Council (UCC) for

the grocery industry. Standards havebeen developed for all regular business-to-business communication covering

purchase orders, invoices, notices ofshipment and transfer of funds. Byeliminating the clerical, mailing andother costs associated with paper-basedinformation, EDI reduces costs, delaysand errors. EDI and bar codifying areused to speed the flow of informationand products.

Transmiterea de la calculator lacalculator a informaiilor de afaceri ntre

partenerii comerciali. Informaia este deregulorganizatn formate standard defiiere sau n seturi de tranzacii urmndliniile directoare definite de Uniform

Code Council (UCC) pentru industriaalimentar. Au fost elaborate standarde

pentru toate comunicaiile business-to-business, acoperind comenzi deaprovizionare, facturi, avize de livrare itransfer de fonduri. Prin eliminareacosturilor de operare, a costurilor

potale i a altor costuri asociate cuinformaia bazatpe suport de hrtie,EDI reduce costurile, ntrzierile ierorile. EDI i codificarea cu bare suntfolosite pentru a accelera fluxurile deinformaii i produse.

Electronic FundsTransfer (EFT)Transfer electronic de

fonduri

Management of cash flow and timing ofpayment to vendors/manufacturers forproducts/services received, includinginvestigation and reconciliation ofdiscrepancies betweenvendors/manufacturer invoice and

purchase order.

Managementul fluxului de numerar i atermenelor de platla vnztori/

productori pentru produsele iserviciile primite, incluznd investigareai reconcilierea discrepanelor dintrefacturi i ordinele de aprovizionare.

Electronic LoadNotification

Notificare electronicancrcturilor

Tendering loads between shippers andcarriers using Electronic DataInterchange.

Avizarea ncrcturilor ntre expeditorii transportatori folosind schimbulelectronic de date.

Electronic Product Code(EPC)Cod electronic al

produsului

Unique identification number used bythe EPC network.

Numr de identificare unic utilizat deReeaua EPC (veziEPC Network).

Electronic Product Code(EPC) Network

Reeaua EPC

Network managed by EPCglobal, Inc, ajoint venture company being set up byEAN International and the UniformCode Council, Inc. (UCC). Thisnetwork uses radio frequencyidentification (RFID) and Internettechnologies to enable companies tohave true visibility of their supplychains in real time, in any industry,anywhere in the world.

Reea administratde ECPglobal, Inc., ocompanie de tipjoint venturenfiinatde EAN International i Uniform CodeCouncil, Inc. (UCC). Aceastreeautilizeazidentificarea prin frecvenradio (RFID) i tehnologiile Internet

pentru a permite ntreprinderilor saibvizibilitate realasupra lanurilor lor dedistribuie, n timp real, n oriceindustrie, oriunde n lume.

Enterprise ApplicationIntegration (EAI)

Integrarea aplicaiilor dentreprindere

The merging of applications and datafrom various new and legacy systemswithin a business. Various means areemployed to accomplish this, includingmiddleware, in order to unify ITresources, maximize new ERPinvestments, diminish errors and geteveryone on the same page.

Reunirea aplicaiilor i datelor dindiverse sisteme existente i noi n cadrulunei entiti de afaceri. Pentru a realizaaceasta sunt utilizate mijloace variate,incluznd software tampon, n vedereaunificrii resurselor IT, maximizriinoilor investiii n ERP, diminuriierorilor i coordonrii activitii

personalului implicat.


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Enterprise ResourcePlanning (ERP)

Aplicaie software pentruplanificarea resurselorntreprinderii

Packed software systems using databasetechnology and single interface tocontrol all the information related to acompanys business including customer,

product, employee and financial data.

Sisteme software integrate careutilizeaztehnologia bazelor de date i ointerfaunificatpentru a controlatoate informaiile privind activitatea deafaceri a unei ntreprinderi, incluznddate privind clienii, produsele, angajaiii date financiare.

Euro-ISDNReeaua Euro-ISDN

European digital communicationsnetwork that can be used fortransmission of data.

Reea europeande comunicare digitalcare poate fi folositpentru transmitereadatelor.

European ArticleNumber (EAN)

Numr european alarticolului

A European, 13-digit bar code thatidentifies products and shippingcontainers, which is compatible withU.S. and Canadian UPCs, althoughthere are differences in format.

Un cod cu bare european de 13caractere care identificprodusele icontainerele de expediere, compatibil cuUPC (vezi Universal Product Code)utilizate n Statele Unite ale Americii iCanada, dei existdiferene de formatntre acestea.

European LogisticsAssociation (ELA)

Asociaia Europeanpentru Logistic

Federation of 36 national organizationsformulating logistics educationstandards.

Federaie formatdin 36 organizaiinaionale care formuleazstandarde ndomeniul logistic.

Event Driven EDI (EDE)Schimb electronic de datebazat pe evenimente

A real time computer-to-computertransmission of EDI messages, triggered

by events in the business process.

O transmitere n timp real de lacalculator la calculator a mesajelor detip EDI (veziElectronic Data

Interchange), determinatdeevenimente survenite n cadrul

proceselor de afaceri.

Every Day Low Cost(EDLC)Strategie de costuri

sczute n fiecare zi

A manufacturer's pricing strategy inwhich the cost of goods is consistentlylow.

Strategie de stabilire a preuriloradoptatde un productor, prin carecosturile bunurilor sunt permanentmeninute la un nivel sczut.

Every Day Low Pricing(EDLP)Strategie de preuri

sczute n fiecare zi

A retail pricing strategy in which theproduct prices are kept consistently low.

Strategie de stabilire a preuriloradoptatde un detailist, prin care

preurile produselor sunt permanentmeninute la un nivel sczut.

Extensible MarkupLanguage (XML)

Limbaj/format XML

XML is the universal format forstructured documents and data on theWeb. XML is a flexible way to createcommon information formats and share

both the format and the data on theWorld Wide Web, intranets andelsewhere. XML provides a file formatfor representing data, a schema fordistinguishing and describing datastructures and a mechanism forextending and annotating HTML.Unlike HTML, with XML, tags can bedesigned for specific purpose.

XML reprezintformatul universalpentru documente i date structurate peWeb. XML este o modalitate flexibilde a crea formate comune de informaiii de a partaja att formatele ct i datele

pe World Wide Web, reele intranet saun alte locaii. XML furnizeazunformat de fiier pentru reprezentareadatelor, o schempentru delimitarea idescrierea structurilor de date i unmecanism pentru extinderea iadnotarea limbajului HTML. Spredeosebire de HTML, cu ajutorul XML,etichetele pot fi concepute pentru a serviscopuri specifice.


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ExtranetReea Extranet

A private network that uses the Internetprotocol and the publictelecommunication system to securelyshare part of a businesss information oroperations with suppliers, vendors,

partners, customers or other businesses.

An extranet can be viewed as part of acompanys intranet that is extended tousers outside the company.

O reea privatcare utilizeazprotocolul Internet i sistemul public detelecomunicaii pentru a partaja o partedin informaiile sau operaiile uneientiti de afaceri cu furnizori,vnztori, parteneri, clieni sau alte

entiti de afaceri. O reea Extranetpoate fi privitca o parte a reeleiIntranet a unei ntreprinderi (vezi

Intranet), extinspnla utilizatori dinafara acesteia.

Extranet ApplicationsAplicaii pentru reeleExtranet

Applications that use the World WideWeb for a limited group of users,usually for the exchange of informationthat is private and not to be accessed byeveryone. Extranets use the publicInternet as its transmission system, butlimit the access by passwords or

channeling techniques.

Aplicaii care utilizeazWorld WideWeb pentru un grup limitat deutilizatori, de regulpentru schimbul deinformaii cu caracter privat, care nutrebuie sfie accesate de oricine.Reelele Extranet utilizeazInternet-ul

public ca sistem de transmitere, dar

limiteazaccesul prin parole sau tehnicide canalizare a fluxurilor de informaii.

F

Fast Moving ConsumerGoods (FMCG)Sectorul bunurilor de uz

curent

Retailers and their suppliers whoprovide a range of goods sold primarilythrough supermarkets, hypermarkets

and smaller retail stores. The core oftheir business is providing essentialssuch as a various fresh and processedfoodstuffs, but they also stock a wideselection of other goods as wellincluding health and beauty products,tobacco, alcohol, clothing, someelectrical items, baby products and moregeneral household items.

Detailiti i furnizori ai acestora careofero gamde bunuri comercializaten principal prin hypermarket-uri,

supermarket-uri i magazine dedesfacere cu amnuntul de dimensiunimai reduse. Activitatea principalaacestora constn oferirea de produseeseniale cum ar fi diverse bunurialimentare proaspete i procesate, daracetia comercializeazde asemenea ogamlargde alte produse, cum ar fi

produse farmaceutice i cosmetice,igri, buturi alcoolice, articole dembrcminte, unele articoleelectrocasnice, produse pentru copii ialte articole destinate consumului

curent.

Feedback MechanismMecanism de feedback

The continuous loop between the stagesof implementation/administration andassessment. Provides understanding ofalliance dynamics allows continuousimprovement to occur over the life ofthe alliance and illustrates that somealliances may be terminated.

Succesiunea continua stadiilor deimplementare/administrare i evaluare.Ofero nelegere a dinamicii alianelor,

permite mbuntirea continupedurata de viaa alianei i ilustreazsituaiile n care unele aliane pot nceta.

Finished Goods (FG)Produse finite

Products that have fully completed theirmanufacturing process and that areready for sale to customers.

Produse care au trecut prin procesul defabricaie i sunt pregtite pentruvnzarea ctre clieni.


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FirewallFirewall

A security system intended to protect anetwork against external threats (likehackers) or from other networks, suchas the internet.

Un sistem de securitate destinatproteciei unei reele mpotrivaameninrilor din exterior (cum ar fihackerii)sau din alte reele, cum ar fiInternet-ul.

Food BusinessIndustria alimentar

Any undertaking, whether for profit ornot and whether public or private,carrying out any of the activities relatedto any stage of production, processingand distribution of food.

Orice iniiativ, lucrativsau non-profit,publicsau privat, care implicrealizarea oricror activiti viznd oricestadiu al produciei, procesrii idistribuiei alimentelor.

Food Business Operator(Food Operator)Operator cu rol de controln industria alimentar

The natural or legal persons responsiblefor ensuring that the requirements offood law are met within the food

business under their control.

Persoanele fizice sau juridiceresponsabile cu asigurarea faptului ccerinele legislaiei din domeniulalimentar sunt respectate n ramura dinindustria alimentaraflatsub controlullor.

Forecasted DemandCerere previzionat

The demand for the product that isexpected based on consumer point-of-sale information, distributor warehousewithdrawal information or traditionalforecasting techniques.

Cererea preconizatpentru produsebazatpe informaiile privindconsumatorii provenind de la punctelede vnzare, pe informaiile privindieirile din depozitele distribuitorilor sau

pe tehnici tradiionale de previziune.

FormalizationFormalizare

One of the three dimensions ofoperating standards. Composed of twoelements that positively impactadherence to standards: defined

procedures and continuous performancemeasurement.

Una din cele trei dimensiuni alestandardelor operaionale. Compusdindouelemente cu impact pozitiv asupraaderrii la standarde: proceduri definitei msurarea continua performanelor.

Forwarding andConsolida

Dictionar ECR

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