DIABETES MELLITUS AND MEDICATIONS REMINDER MOBILE

APPLICATION

NURAINI BINTI ISMAIL

Bachelor of Information Technology ( Media Informatic )

Faculty Informatics and Computing

University Sultan Zainal Abidin Terengganu

Malaysia

2018

DIABETES MELLITUS AND MEDICATIONS REMINDER MOBILE

APPLICATION

NURAINI BINI ISMAIL

Bachelor of Information Technology (Informatics Media) Honours

Faculty of Informatic and Computing

Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia

DECEMBER 2018

i

STUDENT`S DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this report is based on my original work except for quotations

and citations, which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been

previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti Sultan Zainal

Abidin or other institutions.

Name : Nuraini Binti Ismail

Date : ………………………………………...

ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This is to comfirm that :

The research conducted and the writing of this report was under my supervision.

Name : DR. Syarilla Iryani Binti Ahmad Sanny

Date : …………………………………………..

iii

DEDICATION

First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to Allah S.W.T which allowed me to

complete this project. Then I would like to sincerely thank to my supervisor Dr

Syarilla Iryani Binti Ahmad Saany for the continuous support and guidance during

finishing this project.

Next, I would like to appreciate the panel assessment members for their continuous

guidance, valuable feedback during my project presentations that guide me to keep

improving my project and presentation skills.

Furthermore, I want to thanks to my friends which also keep teach me and help me

when developing this mobile application, which they guide me to fix an error and give

me the valuable idea to improve my project.

Lastly, I would like to express my thankful for my parents for their continuous support

to encourage me to finish my project.

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ABSTRACT

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease that are well – known and it keep increasing

nowadays. This disease also high risk to lethal the patients if not receive treatment

immediately at the Hospital. Despite of that facts, still the people are less alert and not

taking seriously about the consequences of the disease`s risk. This is because maybe

people actually are not getting exposed by medical expert and the people may have the

attitude of lack of effort to read the Diabetes Mellitus sources out there caused by

physical book and also compact text making the learning process less interesting.

Despite of that problems, this mobile application aim to making the learning process

more productive and make the content easier to understand by the users. This

application contain the content such as, introduction of the Diabetes Mellitus, the

types of Diabetes Mellitus, the symptoms, the prevention, the treatment and also

Medications Reminder. The content are presented in attractive ways using multimedia

component such as image, graphic, video and sound. The Diabetes Mellitus Mobile

Application is trying to less and avoid by using compact text in order to decrease the

boredom among the user during using this application. The Medications Reminder

section is to help the user remind themselves to consume the medicines on time. User

just have to select the selection provided in the application if they want to remind the

medications consumed schedule. The application also give some predictions of what

will happen to them if they skipped or not on time medications consuming. This

application is hopefully help the user and Diabetic patients itself to have the better

understanding of the disease and also help them to consume the medicines on time.

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ABSTRAK

Diabetis Mellitus adalah satu penyakit yang dikenali ramai dan penyakit ini terus

meningkat saban hari. Penyakit ini juga berisiko tinggi untuk membawa maut kepada

pesakit itu sendiri jika tidak mendapat rawatan dengan segera. Tetapi walaupun

dengan fakta tersebut, masih ramai orang yang kurang mengambil tahu dan

memandang remeh tentang akibat risiko penyakit ini. Hal ini disebabkan mungkin

kerana orang ramai tidak didedahkan sepenuhnya tentang Diabetis Mellitus oleh

pakar perubatan selain sikap orang ramai yang kurang berusaha untuk membaca

bahan di luar sana, mungkin disebabkan buku – buku dan teks yang padat

membuatkan proses belajar menjadi kurang menarik. Disebabkan permasalahan ini,

aplikasi telefon bimbit ini bertujuan untuk membantu proses belajar menjadi produktif

dan mudah difahami. Aplikasi ini mengandungi pengenalan Diabetis, jenis Diabetis,

simptom, pencegahan, rawatan dan juga fungsi ‘Reminder’ untuk makan ubat

mengikut masa. Kandungan aplikasi ini cuba untuk mengurangkan kepadatan teks

supaya pengguna tidak bosan ketika menggunakan aplikasi ini. Fungsi ‘Reminder’

ubat adalah untuk membantu pesakit untuk memakan ubat mengikut masa yang

ditetapkan. Pengguna hanya perlu ‘select’ pilihan yang disediakan dalam aplikasi ini

jika mereka ingin menggunakan ‘Reminder’ ubat. Contohnya, pengguna perlu ‘select’

nama ubat, dos ubat dan masa makan ubat. Aplikasi ini juga menyediakan ramalan

apa yang akan berlaku pada pesakit juga pesakit ‘skip’ ubat ataupun mereka lambat

makan. Aplikasi ini diharapkan dapat membantu pengguna dan pesakit untuk lebih

memahami penyakit Diabetis ini dan juga diharapkan dapat membantu pesakit

memakan ubat mengikut masa ditetapkan doctor.

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CONTENTS

DECLARATION i

CONFIRMATION ii

DEDICATION iii

ABSTRACT iv

ABSTRAK v

CONTENTS vi

LIST OF TABLES ix

LIST OF FIGURES x

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xi

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION PAGE

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Problem statement 3

1.3 Objectives 4

1.4 Scope 5

1.4.1 User 5

1.5 Limitation 6

1.6 Expected Result 7

1.7 Activity 8

vii

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction 9

2.2 Mobile Expert System For Diabetes Risk Diagnosis And

Information (2013)

10

2.3 Aplikasi Telemedika Untuk Pasien Diabetes Berbasis

Smartphone Android (2013)

11

2.4 Sistem Pakar Deteksi Penyakit Diabetes Melitus(dm)

Dini Berbasis Android (2016)

12

2.5 Medication Reminder Mobile Application “Seeb”(2017) 13

2.6 An Android based Medication Reminder System (2014) 14

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction 15

3.2 ADDIE 16

3.2.1 Analysis 17

3.2.2 Design 18

3.2.3 Context Diagram 19

3.2.4 Data Flow Diagram 20

3.2.5 Entity Relationship Diagram 21

3.2.6 Storyboard 22

3.2.7 Prototype 24

3.2.8 Development 27

3.2.9 Implementation 27

viii

3.2.10 Evaluation 28

3.3 Software Requirement 29

3.4 Hardware Requirement 29

3.4 Summary 30

ix

LIST OF TABLE

TABLE TITLE PAGE

1.1 Gantt Chart 8

3.1 Software Requirement 29

3.2 Hardware Requirement 29

x

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

3.1 Addie Method 16

3.2 Context Diagram 19

3.3 Data Flow Diagram 20

3.4 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) 21

3.5 Storyboard 1 22

3.6 Storyboard 2 23

3.7 Storyboard 3 23

3.8 Storyboard 4 24

3.9 Prototype 1 24

3.10 Prototype 2 25

3.11 Prototype 3 25

3.12 Prototype 4 26

3.13 Prototype 5 26

3.14 Prototype 6 27

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS TERMS / SYMBOLS

DM Diabetes Mellitus

ADDIE Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation

DFD Data Flow Diagram

ERD Entity Relationship Diagram

3D Three Dimensional

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

This project Mobile Application for Diabetes Mellitus and Medications Reminder is

develop for android operating system. It is design for touch screen mobile devices. As

we all know, expansion of the era of technology making the peoples to get everything

done with their smartphones because of flexibility to be carried all around with

multipurpose functions.

This application is to enhance the understanding of the well–known Diabetes Mellitus

disease. The people will gain knowledge about Diabetes Mellitus through the content

in this mobile application such as the descriptions of the disease, the types of Diabetes

Mellitus, Complications, the treatment, and the symptoms. Through this application,

the family or the patients itself can insert the medication prescriptions schedule

according the advices from the doctor as this mobile application also providing the

medications reminder. User will have to select information provided in the application

such as select the name of medications, time to consumed, the dosage and etc .

Through this data, the app will process the input data and notify the patient as

commanded on time.

This project aid to widely spread the information about Diabetes Mellitus and focused

to reminding the patients to consumed the medications as prescribes by the doctor.

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This app hopefully will lower the percentage of the patient whom avoid to take the

next medications just because of the left behind of the previous medicines.

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1.1. Problem Statement

There a few reason why this project is created and develop. It is :

The society actually still lack of knowledge and information about the diabetes even

though this diabetes are well-known disease. This is because due to lack of sources to

explain in details about what is really are Diabetes Mellitus. The patients may only

can obtain the information throughout the nurse or doctor during check-up sessions.

Other sources like books do exist in the market but still in scant quantities and not in

full-should-know-knowledge. Besides, it may make the readers got bored.

The patients will prone and most likely to skip to taking the medicines, in case if

they forget to consume the medications in time as prescribes by the doctors. If this

situation keep repeating, the patients will eventually end up by stop taking the

prescriptions. So, this application aim to raise the awareness among the patients itself

by reminding the patients to taking the medications as schedule.

The existing sources of information out there are less impressive to deliver the

contents. For example, books or website are not the attractive ways to attract the user

in learning process. The readers and user may get bored during the process, so, with

this app new interactive approach will be presented to target user. The multimedia

components such as sound, video, text, graphic and image will attract the user to learn

in a much fun way. Next, we will discuss on objectives of the project.

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1.2. Objectives

This topic are about to identify the purpose before develop the application.

The developer must know the purpose before build the system or application

and developer should know the reason in order to making the project

successfully complete and functioned. There are the objectives to be achieved

to make this project successfully such as :

This project aim to make a research to study and understand Diabetes Mellitus

disease and applied the needed information to the Diabetes Mellitus and

Medications Reminder mobile application as an interesting media approach.

This is to deliver the content using multimedia elements such as sounds,

images, videos and graphic in order to help the user to have a better

understanding about the disease.

This project purpose are to design a mobile application called Diabetes

Mellitus and Medications Reminder for displaying the informations and to

design the elements and process of Medication Reminder.

This project also aid to develop a functionality of mobile application for

Diabetes Mellitus information and Medications Reminder by choosing the

appropriate software and hardware.

5

1.3. Scopes

The topic will discuss about the target user who are going to use this mobile

application project such as:

i. User

a. Diabetes Mellitus patients

This mobile application project is design to be use by public user, specifically

for Diabetes Mellitus patients. The patients will installed this application in

their smart mobile phone. This app contain enough information about the

Diabetes Mellitus disease. This application also providing medications

reminder for diabetic patient. The patients have to enter their personal

medications prescribes of Diabetes Mellitus after a visit or check up at the

hospital by choosing the provided picture and information. The information of

medications will notify the patient medications consume time as schedule in

their mobile notification bar. By using this app, the patient can review their log

of the medications consumed.

b. Family Members

This application also target the audiences whom . People whom using the

android phone can install this application even though they not admitted as

Diabetes Mellitus patients. The user can either use this application as

awareness and prevention or maybe as further step to monitoring the family

who are already admitted as Diabetes Mellitus patients.

Next, we will take a look on limitation of work.

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1.4. Limitation Of Work

This topic will cover on limitations of what, when and how mobile application

project after get published.

This Diabetes Mellitus and Medications Reminder scopes only limit and focused

on Diabetes Mellitus disease such as introduction about Diabetes Mellitus (DM) ,

the types of DM, the symptoms, the treatment, and the prevention of Diabetes

Mellitus. Mean, any patients who want to know more about the disease apart from

Diabetes Mellitus cannot use this mobile application.

This mobile application also cannot predicted and determined user decision in

insert the medicines consumed in Medications Reminder.

The project of Diabetes Mellitus mobile application specifically on Medications

Reminder which only limit to medicines consume reminder. This mean, user or

Diabetic patients cannot insert or monitoring any other reminder functions for

example monitoring glucose level or monitoring blood pressures and this

application only focused on Diabetic Medicines Reminder.

Mobile Application Of Diabetes Mellitus and Medications Reminder only focused

on android operating system which make other operating system cannot use this

application.

7

1.5 Expected Result

The expected result from this project is to achieve the functional mobile

application for delivering the information of the Diabetes Mellitus disease and also

a functional Medications Reminder

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1.1. Activities

Table 1.1 Gantt Chart

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CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

In the literature review we will discuss further about the existing and previous

Diabetes Mellitus mobile application. The information that has been gathered is

about the content and GUI of the selected applications. This research will also

cover on some aspect of what contributions that those application have been

achieved to improve the lifestyle Diabetes Mellitus patients. We will see the

difference aspect and content between those applications.

10

2.2. Mobile Expert System For Diabetes Risk Diagnosis And Information

(2013) by Anindito Yoga Pratama, Dewi Agushinta R. and Remi Senjaya

This Mobile application using expert system for diagnosing diabetes risk. Behind the

expert system lies artificial intelligence which making conclusion and inferences from

the knowledge stored in the computer.

The application will be used by user to self-check for Diabetes Mellitus symptoms

whether one has admitted as a diabetic patient or not. The application will acted like

expert while determined the conclusion of the answered statements. The expert

system was created not to replace the position of an expert, but as a tool in decision-

making certainty.

The user have to answered the statements with yes or no. The answered then will

be calculated by counting the number of points for every single question given.

As state, the application has applied artificial intelligence technology in order to

make decision on diabetes patient. The application also have the ability to work

continuously and are in a condition that maximum.

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2.3. Aplikasi Telemedika Untuk Pasien Diabetes Berbasis Smartphone

Android (2013) by Denny Prasetya, Fandy Effendi, Tonny Hutama Putra

This application is a long distance Mobile application for media communication

between patients and doctors in everything intentions for example patients want to

update of their conditions to the doctors or get some tips from the medical experts.

This mobile application can help the patients to keep updating their patients and track

the patients`s condition wherever they want because it‟s stand alone system and fully

using internet connection while connecting to the doctors and nurses. This application

actually can help the emergency cases if the patients need some guides from the

medical experts while controlling the situations.

But, the weakness and disadvantages of this application are it using 100% internet

connection and modern technology, as not everyone knows how to handle the

smartphones and have the advanced technologies especially the folks. This problem

are the barriers to the one who know nothing about the technologies. The fully contact

with the doctor using 100% on maya interaction are not effective as physical

interaction by visiting the doctors. This could lead false interpretation of the suffered

symptoms by the patients.

In conclusion, the developer should consider and choose maybe a few function while

connecting to the medical experts. For example the appointments function should

disable and let them visit physically to the hospital.

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2.4. Sistem Pakar Deteksi Penyakit Diabetes Melitus(dm) Dini Berbasis Android

(2016) by Immah Inayati, Hersa Farida Qoriani

This mobile application provided an Expert system to self determine focused on

Diabetes Mellitus disease.

User just need to ticks the provided information in the system. The system then will

processed the data input by the user and make the decisions whether the patients

actually suffered as diabetic patients or not. The patients have to visit the hospital to

confirmed of their health`s status.

This application provided a numerous symptoms in the mobile application which

could help the possibilities of the suffered symptoms identified by the expert system.

The disadvantages of this mobile application is the function of application is limited to

one function only which is self recognition of Diabetes Mellitus. Other functions such

as displaying the information or any reminder are not included in the application. The

interface of the system also look not interesting and lifeless which make

In conlusion, the developer should upgrade the interface of the application because it

look unattractive by using the multimedia elements such as images or graphic. The

developer also can add more value to the application such as displaying the

information about the disease.

13

2.4. Medication Reminder Mobile Application “Seeb”(2017) by Sakineh

Saghaeiannejad-Isfahani, Asghar Ehteshami, Ebtesam Savari and Ali Samimi

This mobile application is a local medication reminder as a suitable solution for

decreasing medication errors focused for Iranians such as mistakenly consumed the

wrong dosages caused by lack of knowledge or consumed the medicines on wrong

times. This project is developed by the government in order to decrease the percentage

of death among Iranians.

This application has been designed in compliance with Iranians health information

technologists and pharmacists requirements which help remind the user to truly follow

the medication prescriptions by medical expert. This application also designed for the

appropriate medication administration including time and dosages through patient`s

recording and medication data, scheduling patient`s medications and send the

progress report to medication administration.

The weakness of the application is it only focused on medications and treatments for

Iranians which make other user who didn‟t using the Iranians health standard cannot

use this mobile application.

Conclusion, this app could have a bigger scopes maybe target a few country in order

to help more people to be more vigilant with the medications prescriptions.

14

2.6. An Android based Medication Reminder System (2014) Bhadane

Ashwini, Kale Sapna, Bhuse Ishwari, Pawar Pallavi, P. N. Achaliya

Based on OCR using ANN by This mobile application reminder will remind their

user patient that time schedule to take the medicine on time.

The application is a fully automatic medication reminder system based on

handwritten character recognition using artificial neural network. This reminder of

mobile application need the user to scan the marker at the handwritten character

and the input will be processed and stored in system.

This application will processed the input data as the system will provide the

medicines identification and in-take directions. This will decrease the percentage

of false medications consumed prescriptions and lower the percentage of death.

The disadvantage of the system is, if the accuracy does not match, recognition will

fail and the data cannot be processed. The application also not provided the name

of dosage of medications and the user have to input manually.

In conclusion, the developer could improve the function of the dosage input by

providing the dosage selection as this function could help the less-educated users

about the dosage medicines.

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

This chapter discuss about the methodology that was used during the application

development. A mobile application methodology in mobile engineering is a

framework that is used to structure, plan and control the process of developing mobile

application. Common methodology that used include waterfall prototyping, iterative

and incremental development, spiral development, rapid application development,

extreme programming and agile development. An ADDIE model was chosen for

development of the project.

16

Figure 3.1 Addie Method

3.2 Methodology for Diabetes Mellitus and Medications Reminder

ADDIE is a model which basically a generic, systematic, step-by-step framework used

by instructional designers, developers and trainers to ensure course development and

learning does not occur in a haphazard, unstructured way. It is designed to ensure

learners will achieve the goals of the course, allows for the evaluation of learner‟s

needs, the design and development of training materials, and evaluation of

effectiveness of the training program using processes with specific, measurable

outcomes.

17

ADDIE stand for Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation.

Next we will discuss in details of the steps of the ADDIE model.

3.2.1 Analysis

The analysis phase is the phase for clarified the problems, clarified the goals and

objectives of the main purpose to develop the system or application. Developers must

know the who are the target users, the level of the users `s knowledge while using the

builded system or application. Developers also have to distinguish the proper type of

delivery medium to reached the audience.

This phase also about the refine the idea for an application. Therefore, to

create a successful application, some fundamental questions have to be considered.

There are the thing to be considered before publishing an application in one of the

public apps store such as Goggle Store. The questions such as, „Is there any similar

application like this out there?, if have, how does this application difference from

others application?‟.

This Diabetes Mellitus application choosing android type of operating system

as delivery medium which widely used by mostly people all around the world . The

application cover the needed knowledge and information about Diabetes Mellitus such

as introduction of Diabetes Mellitus, type of Diabetes, the symptoms, the

18

complications, the treatments and the medications reminder. The target user is for

general user but specifically for diabetic patients.

The purpose of Diabetes Mellitus information content are to exposed the information

of diabetes disease to the public. While the medications reminder is to help the patient

consume the medication prescriptions on time by reminding patients as schedule. The

materials that is required has been prepared

3.2.2 Design

The design phase is second phase in ADDIE model. The purpose is to design a

application based on inception and user requirement.

For example, the Entity Relational Diagram (ERD) ,which is the graphical

representation of the system which show the relationship between people, objects

places or events in a system.

This phase also crucial to determined the final interface design of the

application whether it suits or out of equivalent prior knowledge of the users. It is

important to make sure that the user know how to use and handle the application and

the information do received to the target user.

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3.2.3 Context Diagram (CD)

Context diagram describe the flow of the system between the entity and the main

process that involves in the functionality and availability of the system.

Figure 3.2 Context Diagram

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3.2.4 Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

Data flow diagram is another way of showing the information flow for the process in

application. It is important to reveals relationship among and between the various

component in the program.

Figure 3.3 DFD level 0

21

3.2.5 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

The Entity Relationship Diagram is a representation model of data used to represent

the entity framework infrastructure.

Figure 3.4 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

22

3.2.6 Storyboard

Storyboard is the early sketch before start to design the application to show more

detail about the button, logo, the content and the arrangement of this application.

Figure 3.5 Storyboard 1

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Figure 3.6 Storyboard 2

Figure 3.7 Storyboard 3

24

Figure 3.8 Storyboard 4

3.2.7 Prototype

Figure 3.9 Prototype 1

25

Figure 3.10 Prototype 2

Figure 3.11 Prototype 3

26

Figure 3.12 Prototype 4

Figure 3.13 Prototype 5

27

Figure 3.14 Prototype 6

3.2.8 Development

The third phase of the ADDIE model is development. For mobile android Diabetes

Mellitus and Medications Reminder, its need to be develop using Javascript, HTML,

PHP language for the code. The tools will be using are Android Studio and Flash for

development tools. Database that will be using is MySQL Database.

3.2.9 Implementation

This phase is to put the design or application into practice with the actual learners or

deploy the prototype. The purpose of this part is to introduce the designed instruction

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in a way that it will be effective and efficient. Plus, during this phase, the developer

should ensure that they understand the objective of this application prototype.

The developer will let the user test this mobile application prototype. User need to

give a respond or feedback which is that application is effective or not. During this

phase, developer need to write all the feedback and need to improve the application in

a better way.

3.2.10 Evaluation

The last stage of the ADDIE method is Evaluation. This is the stage in which the

project is being subjected to meticulous final testing regarding the what, how, why,

when of the things that were accomplished or not accomplished from the whole

project. The main goal of this phase is to determine if the goals have been met, and to

establish what will be required moving forward in order to further the efficiency and

success rate of the project.

In this phase, developer will gathered feedback to determine this pregnancy info

mobile application were effective for user or not. The developer will find a way to

solve the problem based on the feedback receive if the mobile application has any

complain and problems. Developers will make an improvement and corrections to 27

make sure this mobile application running well. In addition, developer also ensuring

that these applications achieve goals and satisfaction or not.

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3.3 Software Requirement

No Software Description

1 Microsoft Office 2010

Microsoft powerpoint 2010

This software that be used for making

documentation and presentation about

the whole project.

2 Android Studio Mobile application development tools

that used to design, create and

functionality of the application

3 Adobe Photoshop Used to edit the image and import to the

mobile application.

4 Autodesk Maya Used to make 3d animation

Table 3.1 Software Requirement

3.4 Hardware Requirement

No Software Description

1 Processor Intel® Core™ i5-7200U CPU @

2.50GHz 2.7 GHz

2 RAM 4.00 GB

3 Computer HP

4 Graphic Card Radeon Graphics

Table 3.2 Hardware Requirement

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3.5 Summary

In this chapter it is explained about the methodology that using in Diabetes

Mellitus and Medications Reminder Mobile Application. In addition, it is explained

the requirement of hardware and software that are being used along the development

of the system.