Dhyeya IAS - Best UPSC IAS CSE Online Coaching | Best UPSC ... · 1 N IAS most trusted since 2003...
Transcript of Dhyeya IAS - Best UPSC IAS CSE Online Coaching | Best UPSC ... · 1 N IAS most trusted since 2003...
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ÂýSÌæßÙæ
ã×Ùð 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ ÂýçÌØô»è Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ŠØæÙ ×ð´ ÚU¹·¤ÚU ÕÙæØæ ãñÐ çâçßÜ âðßæ ·¤è ÎëçC âð ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ÚUæCþèØ °ß´ ¥´ÌÚUæüCþèØ ƒæÅUÙæ¥ô´ ·¤æ ¿ØÙ ·¤ÚU
'PERFECT 7' ×ð´ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ×éÎ÷Îô´ °ß´ ¹ÕÚUô´ ·¤æ â´·¤ÜÙ ç·¤Øæ ÁæÌæ ãñÐ §â·Ô¤ ¥çÌçÚU€Ì âæÌ ÕýðÙ ÕêSÅUâü, âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ̉Ø, Âè¥æ§üÕè ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü çÕ´Îé¥ô´ °ß´ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü »ýæçÈ €Uâ ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð â´·¤ËÂÙæ¥ô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæÙ 'PERFECT 7' ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° Ò»æ»ÚU ×ð´ âæ»ÚUÓ âæçÕÌ ·¤ÚUÌæ ãñÐ'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·¤æ â´·¤ÜÙ ·¤ÚUÌð â×Ø ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·Ô¤ Âÿæ, çßÂÿæ, çßàæðáÌæ¥ô´ ÌÍæ ©Ùâð ÖæÚUÌ °ß´ çßàß ÂÚU ÂǸÙð ßæÜð ÂýÖæßô´ ·¤è â×èÿææ ÂýSÌéÌ ·¤è ÁæÌè ãñ, Ìæç·¤ Àæ˜æ ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·Ô¤ ÕæÚUð ×ð´ °·¤ â×Ûæ çß·¤çâÌ ·¤ÚU â·Ô¤´Ð 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ¹ÕÚUô´ ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ·¤è ÎëçC âð ×ãˆßÂê‡æü çßáØô´ ·¤è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ©ÂÜŽÏ ·¤ÚUæØè ÁæÌè ãñÐ §â Âç˜æ·¤æ ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ̉Øô´ °ß´ Âè¥æ§üÕè ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü çÕ´Îé¥ô´ ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° ã× ¥ÂÙð Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ¥çÌçÚU€Ì ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ©ÂÜŽÏ ·¤ÚUæÌð ãñ´Ð §â·¤æ ×éØ ©Î÷ÎðàØ çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ âÖè ÂãÜé¥ô´ ·¤ô â×æçãÌ ·¤ÚUÙæ ãñÐ 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ÕýðÙ ÕêSÅUâü ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° â×âæ×çØ·¤ çßáØô´ ·¤è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè â´ÿæð ×ð´ °ß´ ¥æ·¤áü·¤ M¤Â ×ð´ ÂýSÌéÌ ·¤è ÁæÌè ãñ çÁââð ç·¤ Àæ˜æô´ mæÚUæ §âð âÚUÜÌæ âð ¥æˆ×âæÌ ç·¤Øæ Áæ â·Ô¤Ð §â·Ô¤ ¥çÌçÚU€Ì §â Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ ¥Øæâ ÂýàÙô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæÙ Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° SßØ´ ·¤æ ×êËØæ´·¤Ù ·¤ÚUÙð ×ð´ âãæØÌæ ÂýÎæÙ ·¤ÚUÌæ ãñÐ ¥‹Ø Âç˜æ·¤æ¥ô´ ·¤è Öæ´çÌ ã× Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ·Ô¤ßÜ âÌãè ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ©ÂÜŽÏ ·¤ÚUæÙð ×ð´ çßàßæâ Ùãè´ ÚU¹Ìð ÕçË·¤ âæÚU»çÖüÌ ÕãéÂÿæèØ ¥õÚU ˜æéçÅUÚUçãÌ ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ÂýÎæÙ ·¤ÚUÙð ·¤æ ¥Í·¤ ÂýØæâ ·¤ÚUÌð ãñ´ çÁââð çâçßÜ âðßæ ×ð´ ã×æÚUð Àæ˜æ âÈ ÜÌæ ¥çÁüÌ ·¤ÚU â·Ô¤´, €UØô´ç·¤ Àæ˜æô´ ·¤è âÈ ÜÌæ ãè ã×æÚUè Âç˜æ·¤æ ·¤è ·¤âõÅUè ãñÐ ã×Ùð ¥ÂÙð ¥Í·¤ ÂýØæâ °ß´ ÂçÚUŸæ× ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ·¤ô ÒÂÚUÈÔ¤€UÅUÓ ÕÙæÙð ·¤æ ·¤æØü ç·¤Øæ ãñ, çÈ ÚU Öè ØçÎ ·¤ô§ü ˜æéçÅU ÚUã »Øè ãô Ìô ©âð âéÏæÚUÙð ×ð´ ¥æ·Ԥ âéÛææß âæÎÚU ¥æ×´ç˜æÌ ãñ´Ð
ÁèÌ çâ´ãâÂæη¤, ŠØðØ IAS
â´ƒæ Üô·¤ âðßæ ¥æØô» ß ¥‹Ø ÚUæ’Ø Üô·¤ âðßæ ¥æØô»ô´ mæÚUæ ÂýæÚUçÖ·¤ ß ×éØ ÂÚUèÿææ ×ð´ çß»Ì ·é À ßáô´ü âð ÚUæCþèØ ß ¥´ÌÚUæüCþèØ ƒæÅUÙæ¥ô´ âð â´Õ´çÏÌ ÂýàÙô´ ·¤è â´Øæ ×ð´ ÕɸôžæÚUè
ãé§ü ãñÐ §â·¤è ÂéçC çß»Ì ßáô´ü ×ð´ â´Â‹Ù ãé§ü ÂÚUèÿææ¥ô´ ·Ô¤ Âýà٠˜æ âð ·¤è Áæ â·¤Ìè ãñÐ §âçÜ° ã×Ùð 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ °ß´ ¹ÕÚUô´ ·¤æ â´·¤ÜÙ ç·¤Øæ ãñ, Áô ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° ¥ˆØ´Ì ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ãñ´Ð 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ Ù ·Ô¤ßÜ ÂýæÚUçÖ·¤ ß ×éØ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° ©ÂØô»è ãñ, ÕçË·¤ Øã âæÿæ户¤æÚU ·Ô¤ çÜ° Öè ¥ˆØ´Ì ©ÂØô»è ãñÐ §â×ð´ â×âæ×çØ·¤ ƒæÅUÙæ¥ô´ ·¤ô ÕðãÎ ÚUô¿·¤ É´» âð ÌæçÜ·¤æ,Üô¿æÅUü °ß´ 翘æô´ ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð â×ÛææØæ »Øæ ãñÐ 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·¤ô â´·¤çÜÌ ·¤ÚUÌð â×Ø ã×æÚUæ ÂýØæâ Ù ·Ô¤ßÜ ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·Ô¤ âÖè ÂãÜé¥ô´ ¥ÍæüÌ÷ °·¤ SÂC çßàÜðá‡ææˆ×·¤ âæ´¿ð ×ð´ ÉæÜÙð ·¤æ ÚUãæ ãñ ÕçË·¤ °ðâð ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·¤æ §â×ð´ çßSÌëÌ çßßð¿Ù Öè ç·¤Øæ »Øæ ãñ, çÁÙ·¤æ ¥‹Ø â×âæ×çØ·¤ Âç˜æ·¤æ¥ô´ ×ð´ çÁ·ý Ì·¤ Ùãè´ ãôÌæ ãñÐ 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ÕýðÙ ÕêSÅUâü ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð â×âæ×çØ·¤ çßáØô´ ·¤è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ·¤ô ÕðãÎ âÅUè·¤Ìæ ß ¥æ·¤áü·¤ M¤Â âð ÂýSÌéÌ ç·¤Øæ »Øæ ãñ, çÁââð Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ·¤× â×Ø ×ð´ Öè ©ÂØô»è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè âéÜÖ ãô â·Ô¤Ð §â·Ô¤ ¥çÌçÚUÌ 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ¹ÕÚUð´, âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü Âè¥æ§üÕè, âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ¥Øæâ ÂýàÙ ß âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ̉Øô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæ Öè ç·¤Øæ »Øæ ãñÐ §â Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ ¥Øæâ ÂýàÙô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæÙ Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° SßØ´ ·¤æ ×êËØæ´·¤Ù ·¤ÚUÙð ×ð´ âãæØÌæ ÂýÎæÙ ·¤ÚUÌæ ãñÐ Øãæ¡ Øã SÂC ·¤ÚUÙæ ¥æßàØ·¤ ãñ ç·¤ ç·¤âè Öè Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ ̉Øô´ ·¤è ×æ˜ææ âð ’ØæÎæ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ©â·¤è »é‡æßžææ ãôÌè ãñ, §âçÜ° §âè çâfæ´Ì ·¤æ ¥ÙéÂæÜÙ ·¤ÚU·Ô¤ ã×Ùð âæÚU»çÖüÌ M¤Â ×ð´ Øã Âç˜æ·¤æ ¥æ·Ԥ â×é¹ ÂýSÌéÌ ·¤è ãñ, ¿ê´ç·¤ ·¤ô§ü Öè ·ë çÌ ¥´çÌ× Ùãè´ ãôÌè ãñ, ©â×ð´ âéÏæÚU ·¤è âÎñß â´ÖæßÙæ°¡ çßl×æÙ ÚUãÌè ãñ´Ð ¥ÌÑ âÖè Àæ˜æô´ âð ¥ÙéÚUôÏ ãñ ç·¤ ¥ÂÙð Õãé×êËØ âéÛææßô´ ß â×æÜô¿Ùæ¥ô´ âð ã×ð´ ¥ß»Ì ·¤ÚUæ°´Ð
¥ßÙèàæ Âæ‡ÇðØâÂæη¤, ŠØðØ IAS
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1 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
egRoiw.kZ eqís7
Hkkjrh; [kk| Vksdjh % fofo/rk dh vko';drk01
lanHkZ
¥ dksfoM&19 egkekjh us gekjs Hkkstu dh
Vksdjh esa cnyko dh vko';drk ij
è;ku dsafær fd;k gSA bl egkekjh us •k|
vkiwfrZ J`a•ykvksa dks ckf/r dj fn;k gS]
iQyr% iks"kd •k|kUuksa dh miyC/rk Hkh
ckf/r gks xbZ gSA la;qÙkQ jk"Vª egklfpo
us psrkouh nh gS fd oSf'od thMhih esa
çR;sd 1» dh fxjkoV ds lkFk 7 yk•
vfrfjÙkQ cPps dqiks"k.k dk f'kdkj gks
ldrs gSaA ykWdMkmu ds dkj.k Hkkjr tSls
çpqj •k| HkaMkj okys ns'kks a esa Hkh ;g
O;o/ku ns•k tk jgk gSA bl ladV dks
Hkkjr esa Hkkstu dh Vksdjh dks vf/d
iks"k.k ;qÙkQ ds volj ds :i esa ns•k
tkuk pkfg,A orZeku esa Hkkjrh;ksa ds
Hkkstu dh Vksdjh esa vukt (pkoy vkSj
xsgwa) dh ç/kurk gS vkSj nkysa Hkkjrh;ksa
fo'ks"kdj 'kkdkgkfj;ksa ds fy, çksVhu dk
,d cM+k lzksr gSaA vr% nkyksa dks c
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
2 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01
dh tkus okyh •jhiQ dh ,d çeq•
iQly gSA nf{k.k Hkkjr ds dqN {ks=kks a esa
bls jch dh iQly ds :i esa Hkh mxk;k
tkrk gSA blds dqy mRiknu dk 33»
fgLlk egkjk"Vª esa mRikfnr fd;k tkrk gSA
mÙkj çns'k] dukZVd] xqtjkr vU; çeq•
mRiknd jkT; gSaA puk jch dky esa iSnk
gksus okyh ,d çeq• iQyhnkj iQly gS
ftlds çeq• mRiknd {ks=k eè; çns'k
dh dsanzh; mPp Hkwfe vkSj mÙkj çns'k dk
cqansy•aM {ks=k gSA
¥ Hkkjr esa 2018&19 iQly o"kZ
(tqykbZ&twu) ds nkSjku 23-40 fefy;u
Vu nkyksa dk mRiknu fd;k x;k] tcfd
okf"kZd ?kjsyw ekax 26&27 fefy;u Vu
dh gSA mRiknu vkSj ekax ds bl varj
dks vk;kr ds ekè;e ls iwjk fd;k tkrk
gSA gkykafd] pkyw o"kZ ds fy,] ljdkj
us 26-30 fefy;u Vu nkyksa ds mRiknu
dks yf{kr fd;k gS vkSj blds 2030
rd c
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3 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
iQly @ fdLeksa ds p;u ds lHkh
egRoiw.kZ ekunaMksa dks iwjk djrh gSA
¥ nkysa vkerkSj ij vukt ( xsagw vkSj
pkoy ) dh rqyuk esa 2&3 xquk vf/d
ewY; çkIr djrh gSa vkSj iks"kd rRoksa dh
vko';drk ds :i esa vkerkSj ij nkyksa
dks de ek=kk esa iks"k.k dh vko';drk
gksrh gSA
¥ mPp ,e,lih vkSj vPNs O;kikj ds
voljksa ds lkFk] nygu mRiknd dk
,iQihvks iQsMjs'ku cukdj LFkkuh; {ks=k
esa jkstxkj l`tu vkSj DyLVj @ iQsMjs'ku
Lrj ij nkyksa ds çlaLdj.k ls jkstxkj ds
volj Hkh mRiUu gks ldrk gSA
vkxs dh jkg
¥ nygu •k| lqj{kk] iks"k.k vkSj
ikfjfLFkfrd larqyu çkIr djus ds fy,
egRoiw.kZ gSA blds mRiknu vkSj •ir
dks c
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
4 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01
dksfoM&19 ds dkj.k lsDl odZjksa dh vkthfodk ij ladV02
ppkZ dk dkj.k
¥ dksjksuk laØe.k ds eísutj gq, ykWdMkmu
,oa laØe.k ds c
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5 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
iz- dksjksuk laØe.k ds eísutj gq, ykWdMkmu ,oa laØe.k ds c
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
6 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01
egkekjh ij vadq'k % foKku ds izpkj o 'kklu ds fodsUnzhdj.k dh t:jr
03
lanHkZ
¥ dsUnz ljdkj }kjk ebZ ds var rd jkT;ksa dks
egkekjh ds çca/u esa vf/d Lora=krk ns
nh xbZ] tks fd lkoZtfud LokLF; vkSj
dY;k.k laca/h lsokvksa dks forfjr djus
ds fy, fuf'pr :i ls csgrj uhfr FkhA
blls jkT; ljdkjsa Hkh vf/d tokcnsg
gks tkrh gaSA
¥ ebZ ds eè; esa fd, x, ICMR
lhjksykWftdy lSaiy LVMh ds vuqlkj]
xSj&egkuxjh; Hkkjr dk yxHkx 1
çfr'kr fgLlk laØfer gS vkSj bl çdkj
tSls&tSls laØe.k iQSyrk tk;sxk rc
jkT;ksa dks lq/kjkRed mik; djus esa cgqr
eqf'dys gksaxhA
Hkkjr dh fLFkfr
¥ ns'k dh lkoZtfud LokLF; ç.kkyh dh
lhek,¡ loZfofnr gSaA lsaVj iQkWj fMlht
Mk;usfeDl] bdksukWfeDl ,aM ikWfylh
(bafM;k) vkSj fçalVu ;wfuoflZVh ds
gkfy;k vè;;u ds eqrkfcd Hkkjr ds
vLirkyksa esa dqy 7]13]986 csM gSa
ftlesa ls xgu ns[kHkky bdkbZ esa 35699
csM gSa tcfd osafVysVj ;qDr csMksa dh
la[;k 17]850 gSaA
¥ jk"Vªh; LokLF; çksiQkby 2018 ds vuqlkj]
Hkkjr dk lkoZtfud LokLF; •pZ ns'k
dh thMhih ds 1 çfr'kr ls Hkh de gS]
tks mlds dqN iM+kslh ns'kks a tSls HkwVku
(2-5 çfr'kr)] Jhyadk (1-6 çfr'kr)
vkSj usiky (1-1 çfr'kr) ls rqyukRed
:i ls de gSA fo'o LokLF; laxBu
ds vuqlkj] Hkkjr lkoZtfud LokLF; ij
thMhih ds çfr'kr •pZ ds fy, vius
{ks=k ds 10 ns'kks a esa uhps ls nwljs LFkku
ij gSA
¥ ekynho vius ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk 9-4
çfr'kr LokLF; ij •pZ djrk gS] blds
ckn FkkbZySaM (2-9 çfr'kr) djrk gSA
lq/kj gsrq vk/kj j.kuhfr
¥ lkeqnkf;d Lrj ij egkekjh ls fuiVus
ds fy, vPNh rjg ls fMtkbu fd,
x, esfVªDl] dkiQh enn dj ldrs gaSA
;g yksxks a vkSj ç'kklu dk ekxZn'kZu dj
ldrs gSa vkSj çR;sd jkT;ksa dh dk;ks±
dh ijLij rqyuk djus vkSj ,d nwljs ls
lh•us esa enn dj ldrs gSaA
¥ fdlh Hkh {ks=k ds oxhZdj.k esa çeq•
lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkSj tulkaf[;dh;
fu/kZjd 'kkfey gksus pkfg,] mnkgj.k
ds fy,] {ks=k dk ?kuRo] ,d dejs esa
jgus okys yksxks a dh la[;k ;k lkeqnkf;d
'kkSpky; dk mi;ksx djus okys yksxks a
dh la[;kA
¥ ICMR }kjk fMtkbu fd;k x;k Lisflesu
jsiQjy iQkWeZ (SRF) dk mi;ksx Hkh mfpr
j.kuhfr cukus esa dj ldrs gSa] (tks PCR
dksjksuk VsLV djus ds fy, Hkjk tkrk gS)A
blesa jksxh dh i`"BHkwfe ntZ dh tkrh gSA
blesa jksxh ds mez] LFkku vkSj y{k.k dk
fjdkWMZ gksrk gS tks gesa jksx dh xfr'khyrk
vkSj xaHkhjrk vkSj gekjh çfØ;kvksa dh
çHkkodkfjrk esa i;kZIr varnZ`f"V çnku
djus esa enn djrs gaS] gkyk¡fd bl MsVk
dk rRdky miyC/ djk;k tkuk ,d
cM+h pqukSrh gSA
¥ blds vykok ge mu çokfl;ksa dh Hkh
tkudkjh çkIr dj ldrs gSa] tks lqjf{kr
:i ls ?kj ij igqap x, gaS ;k tks ugha
igqaps gaSA
¥ gesa ;g Hkh lqfuf'pr djuk gksxk fd
gekjs xk¡o vkSj dLcs egkekjh ls yM+us
ds fy, rS;kj gaS vFkok ughaA bls ij•us
dk vk/kj LokLF; dsanz dh U;wure rS;kjh
gS ftlds varxZr çR;sd LokLF; dsaæ esa
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
iz- dksfoM&19 ds c
vkSj LFkkuh; lek/kuksa dh t:jr gksrh
gSA blesa {ks=kh; laLFkkuks a }kjk oSKkfud
vè;;u vkSj ukxfjd lekt ds lkFk
Hkkxhnkjh dh vko';drk gSA
mik;
¥ orZeku esa ykWdMkmu ds ckn jksdFkke
tksu (dUVsuesaV tksu) uked midj.k
egkekjh dk çca/u djus ds fy, ,dek=k
rjhdk cpk gSA blesa eksLV lsaflfVo lhek
dk lhekadu] ijh{k.k] mipkj] vuqjs•.k
(Vªsflax) vkSj laxjks/ 'kkfey gS ]ysfdu
;g lcls çHkkoh rc gksaxs] tc jkT; ds
lkFk Hkh dsanz dk leUo; gksxkA
¥ ftyk Lrj ij dksjksuk lacaf/r MsVk dk
vf/dka'k fgLlk igys gh jkT;ksa }kjk
dsaæh; MsVk iksVZy COVID19.nhp.gov.in
ij çLrqr fd;k tk jgk gSA
¥ xzkeh.k Lrj ij dqN vU; vk¡dM+s a dkiQh
egRoiw.kZ gksaxs] ftuesa xkao esa fo|eku
DokjaVhu lsaVjks a dh la[;k] ih-Mh-,l- ds
dkedkt ds vk¡dM+s a ,oa is;ty dh
miyC/rk 'kkfey gSA
¥ ekLd] lkekftd nwjh vkSj •qysiu ds
egRo dh ljkguk djuh gksxh lkFk gh
bldk vuqlj.k Hkh djuk gksxkA mi;qÙkQ
LFkkuks a esa dSejs LFkkfir djds bldh
fuxjkuh fd;k tk ldrk gSA
¥ nwljh rjiQ lkekftd nwjh ds mik; gsrq
ladsrd Hkh mÙkjnk;h gksrs gaS] buesa cl
dh lhVksa dk çca/u] fVdV forj.k dh
O;oLFkk] cktkj esa iSVuZ ds vk/kj ij
O;kikj ,oa dyj dksfMax dh yksdfç;rk
lkekftd xfr'khyrk esa çHkkoh gks ldrh
gSA
fu"d"kZ
¥ egkekjh ds vYihdj.k vkSj vuqdwyu
ds fy, lkekftd le> vkSj LFkkuh;
lek/kuksa dh vko';drk gksrh gSA blds
fy, flfoy lkslkbVh ds lkFk&lkFk
{ks=kh; laLFkkuks a esa oSKkfud vè;;u dh
vko';drk gSA tks u dsoy thou dh
j{kk Lo;a djus ds fy, çsfjr djsxk
cfYd ;g Hk; dks de djsxk vkSj
lkekU; thou dks fiQj ls 'kq: djus esa
enn djsxkA
¥ varr% gesa ok;jl ds lkFk jguk lh•uk
pkfg,] lkFk gh gesa viuh •qf'k;ksa dks
utjankt ugha djuk pkfg,] rkfd ,d
u, lekt dk fuekZ.k iqu% •q'kgkyh ls dj ldsA
lkekU; vè;;u isij&2
Topic:
¥ LokLF;] f'k{kk] ekuo lalk/uksa ls lacaf/r lkekftd {ks=k@ lsokvksa ds fodkl vkSj izca/u ls lacaf/r eqn~nsA
¥ 'kklu O;oLFkk] ikjnf'kZrk vkSj tokcnsgh ds egRoiw.kZ i{k] bZ&xousZal&vuqiz;ksx] ekWMy] liQyrk,a] lhek,a vkSj laHkkouk,a] ukxfjd ?kks"k.kk&i=k] ikjnf'kZrk ,oa tokcnsgh vkSj laLFkkxr rFkk vU; mik;A
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
8 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01
tyok;q ifjorZu ij lrdZ gksus dk lgh le;04
ppkZ dk dkj.k
¥ orZeku le; esa fofHkUu ns'kksa ds ç/kuksa us
ftl çdkj dksjksuk ls yM+us esa rkRdkfyd
rRijrk fn•kbZ gS mlh çdkj vc mUgsa
tyok;q ifjorZu ds çfr Hkh lrdZrk
fn•kus dh vko';drk gS] D;ksafd dkcZu
&MkbvkWDlkbM ds lkFk vU; xzhu gkml
xSlksa (th,pth) ds vR;f/d mRltZu ds
dkj.k vkSlr oSf'od rkieku cku çnf'kZr fd;k
vkSj 2015 rd rks i`Foh lkS lky igys ds
eqdkcys 1 fMxzh lsfYl;l vf/d xeZ gks
xbZA tyok;q foKku ds tkudj ,d lVhd
vuqeku yxkrs gq, crkrs gS fd vxj ekStwnk
ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa dksbZ lq/kj ugha fd;k x;k
rks i`Foh bl 'krkCnh ds var rd 4˚C xeZ
gks tk,xhA
tyok;q ifjorZu dk çHkko
¥ gky esa c
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9 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
esa yxh vkx esa ;ksxnku fn;k] ftlls Hkkjh
rckgh gqbZA
¥ ;fn oSf'od CO2 mRltZu orZeku nj ls
ckSrk gqvk vkSj fodflr ns'kks a
(,usDl&1 esa 'kkfey ns'k) }kjk xzhugkml
xSlks a dks fu;af=kr djus ds fy;s y{; r;
fd;k x;kA D;ksVks çksVksdkWy ds rgr 40
vkS|ksfxd ns'kks a dks vyx lwph ,usDl&1
esa j•k x;k gSA
¥ UNFCCC dh okf"kZd cSBd dks dkWUÚsal
vkWiQ n ikVhZt (COP) ds uke ls tkuk
tkrk gSA
isfjl le>kSrk
¥ o"kZ 2015 esa 30 uoacj ls ysdj 11
fnlacj rd 195 ns'kks a dh ljdkjks a ds
çfrfuf/;ks a us isfjl esa tyok;q ifjorZu
ls fuiVus ds fy;s laHkkfor u, oSf'od
le>kSrs ij ppkZ dhA
¥ xzhugkml xSl mRltZu dks de djus ds
y{; ds lkFk laiUu isfjl le>kSrs dks
Xykscy okfeZax dks jksdus ds fy;s ,d
,sfrgkfld le>kSrs ds :i esa ekU;rk
çkIr gSA
tyok;q ifjorZu vkSj Hkkjr
tyok;q ifjorZu ij jk"Vªh; dk;Z ;kstuk
(NAPCC)
¥ tyok;q ifjorZu ij jk"Vªh; dk;Z ;kstuk
dk 'kqHkkjaHk o"kZ 2008 esa fd;k x;k FkkA
¥ bldk mís'; turk ds çfrfuf/;ks a]
ljdkj dh fofHkUu ,tsafl;ks a] oSKkfudksa]
m|ksx vkSj leqnk;ks a dks tyok;q ifjorZu
ls mRiUu •rjs vkSj blls eqdkcyk djus
ds mik;ksa ds ckjs esa tkx:d djuk gSA
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
10 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01
bl dk;Z ;kstuk esa eq[;r% 8 fe'ku
'kkfey gSa%
jk"Vªh; lkSj fe'ku
fodflr ÅtkZ n{krk ds fy;s jk"Vªh;
fe'ku
lqfLFkj fuokl ij jk"Vªh; fe'ku
jk"Vªh; ty fe'ku
lqfLFkj fgeky;h ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k gsrq
jk"Vªh; fe'ku
gfjr Hkkjr gsrq jk"Vªh; fe'ku
lqfLFkj Ñf"k gsrq jk"Vªh; fe'ku
tyok;q ifjorZu gsrq j.kuhfrd Kku
ij jk"Vªh; fe'ku
pqukSfr;k¡
¥ xkSjryc gS fd o"kZ 2015 rd] oSf'od
vkSlr rkieku lkS lky igys dh rqyuk
esa 1 fMxzh lsfYl;l rd ckSrs ds rgr viuh
çfrc¼rkvksa dks iwjk djus ls vHkh cgqr
ihNs gS] ftlds vuqlkj vkSlr oSf'od
rkieku esa iwoZ&vkS|ksfxd Lrjksa dh rqyuk
esa 2 fMxzh lsfYl;l ls de o`f¼ djuh
gS]D;ksafd 2 fMxzh lsfYl;l ls vf/d
rkieku o`f¼ Hk;kog i;kZoj.kh; nq"pØ
dk míHko dj ldrh gSA
vkxs dh jkg
¥ cko fn;k tk jgk gS%
ok;qeaMy ls cM+h ek=kk esa CO2 dks
fudkydj lqjf{kr :i ls HkaMkj.k
djukA (Geo-sequestering)
Hkw&bathfu;fjax çkS|ksfxfd;ksa }kjk lkSj
fofdj.k dk fofu;euA (ok;qeaMy esa
,jkslksy dk mi;ksx djuk ;k fo'kky
ijkorZd dks varfj{k esa j•ukA)
¥ nqfu;k Hkj dh ljdkjsa viuh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa
dks iquthZfor djus ds fy, fo'kky
çksRlkgu iSdst ykWUp dj jgh gSaA ;g gekjh
vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dks cuk, j•us dk ,d
lqugjk volj gSA
lkekU; vè;;u isij&3
Topic:
¥ laj{k.k] i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k vkSj {kj.k] i;kZoj.k izHkko dk vkdyuA
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11 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
oS'ohdj.k dk lekiu ;k u;s ekudksa dh LFkkiuk % ,d fo'ys"k.k05
ppkZ dk dkj.k
¥ fo'o ds dbZ vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa rFkk fo'ks"kKksa
dk ekuuk gS fd oS'ohdj.k vc vius
fuEu Lrj ij igq¡p x;k gSA orZeku ifjn`';
esa COVID-19 egkekjh ds dkj.k oSf'od
vkiwfrZ Ük`a•yk vkSj iwath çokg ckf/r gqbZ
gSA bl oSf'od egkekjh us blls lacaf/r
ifj.kke cgqr tYnh çnf'kZr dj fn, gSa tSls
fd varjk"Vªh; lhekvksa dk can gksuk] gekjs
vkl&ikl lkekftd vyxko dk ifjos'k
lkFk gh oSf'od okf.kT; esa mÙkjksÙkj deh
vkSj varjjk"Vªh; laxBuksa dh rqyuk esa çR;sd
jkT;ksa dh Hkwfedk dk vf/d çeq• gksuk
vkfnA
¥ bl lanHkZ esa nqfu;k Hkj ds ns'kksa us Hkh
vc vkRefuHkZjrk c
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
12 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01
iz- orZeku egkekjh ds nkSjku oS'ohdj.k dh vo/kj.kk /qfey gks jgh gSA fo'ys"k.k djsaA
Topic:
¥ Hkkjr ds fgrksa] Hkkjrh; Mk;liksjk ij fodflr rFkk fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh uhfr;ksa rFkk jktuhfr dk izHkkoA
lkekU; vè;;u isij&2
fy, çnku fd;k x;k gSA blds ckn]
dbZ vesfjdh ,tsafl;ksa us dbZ dk;ZØeksa
dh ?kks"k.kk dh gS] ftudk mís'; ?kjsyw
O;olk;ksa dks iquthZfor djuk gSA
¥ gkyk¡fd ,tsafl;ksa dk bjknk bu O;olk;ksa
dk blfy, Hkh leFkZu djuk gS] rkfd mUgsa
oSf'od cktkjksa esa phu ds lkFk çfrLi/kZ
djus esa l{ke cuk;k tk ldsA
oS'ohdj.k dh lhek,a
¥ COVID-19 egkekjh us HkweaMyhdj.k dh
fuEufyf•r lhekvksa dks mtkxj fd;k gS%
¥ oSf'od vkiwfrZ Ük`a•ykvksa dh vifjgk;Zrk
tSls fd esfMflu] ihihbZ] ekLd] nLrkus
bR;kfn ds fy, phu ij fuHkZjrk us dbZ
jk"Vªksa dh fpark dks c
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13 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd cgkyh ,oa mldk vkdkj % le; dh ek¡x 06
ppkZ dk dkj.k
¥ gky gh esa fo'o cSad (World Bank) us
dgk gS fd dksjksuk ok;jl (Coronavirus)
egkekjh us Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dks tcnZLr
>Vdk fn;k gSA blls ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk
dk çn'kZu 1991 ds mnkjhdj.k ds ckn
lcls •jkc jgsxkA fo'o cSad us ^nf{k.k
,f'k;k dh vFkZO;oLFkk ij dsafær fjiksVZ esa
dgk fd 2020&21 esa Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk
dh o`f¼ nj ?kVdj 1-5 ls 2-8 iQhlnh ds
chp jgsxhA
¥ fo'ks"kKksa dk ekuuk gS fd tSls tSls Hkkjr
vuykWd dh fn'kk esa cVdk Hkkjr dks ,sls le;
esa yxk gS tc foÙkh; {ks=k ij ncko dh
otg ls Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa igys ls
lqLrh gSA nf{k.k ,f'k;k dh vFkZO;oLFkk ij
dsafær fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS fd 2019&20
esa Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dh o`f¼ nj 4-8 ls
5 iQhlnh ds chp jgsxhA
¥ dksfoM&19 dh otg ls ?kjsyw vkiwfrZ vkSj
ekax çHkkfor gksus ds pyrs 2020&21 esa
vkfFkZd o`f¼ nj ?kVdj 1-5 ls 2-8 iQhlnh
jg tk,xhA oSf'od Lrj ij tksf•e c
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
14 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01
iz- dksfoM&19 dk >Vdk Hkkjr dks ,sls le; esa yxk gS tc foÙkh; {ks=k ij ncko dh otg ls Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa igys ls gh lqLrh gSA ppkZ dhft;sA
lkekU; vè;;u isij&3
Topic:
¥ Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk rFkk ;kstuk] lalk/uksa dks tqVkus] izxfr] fodkl rFkk jkstxkj ls lacf/r eqn~nsA
mHkjus ds ckn ;g fiQj fxjrh gS vkSj
iqu% o`f¼ djrh gS] bl çdkj] blesa
MCY;w&vkdkj dk pkVZ curk gSA tkudkjks a
dk ekuuk gS fd vxj dksjksuk egkekjh
dh nwljh ygj vkrh gS rks bl çdkj dh
ço`fÙk ns•h tk ldrh gSA
¥ L&vkdkj dh fjdojh (L-shaped
recovery)% ;g vFkZO;oLFkk dh lcls
•jkc fLFkfr gksrh gS] ftlesa vFkZO;oLFkk
esa fxjkoV ds ckn fodkl fuEu Lrj ij
igq¡p tkrk gS vkSj ;g yacs le; rd
Bhd ugha gks irk gSA blesa] vFkZO;oLFkk
o"kks ± ds ckn Hkh orZeku thMhih ds Lrj dks
gkfly djus esa foiQy jgrh gSA L vkdkj
ls irk pyrk gS fd vFkZO;oLFkk dh
mRiknu {kerk esa LFkk;h uqdlku gksrk gSA
pqukSfr;k¡
¥ COVID-19 ds dkj.k
phu ls gksus okys
vk;kr ds çHkkfor
gksus ls LFkkuh; vkSj
ckgjh vkiwfrZ Ük` a•yk
ds lanHkZ esa fpark,¡
c
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15 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
egkekjh ds nkSj esa ekuo dsafnzr fodkl ekWMy07
ppkZ dk dkj.k
¥ dksjksuk ok;jl egkekjh (Coronavirus
pandemic) ds dkj.k mÙkj çns'k ds
eq[;ea=kh ;ksxh vkfnR;ukFk mÙkj çns'k ds
Jfedksa dks x`g jkT; esa okil ykus
ds fy, n`qXxh cfLr;ksa esa jgk
djrh FkhA
¥ oYMZ cSad dh ,d fjiksVZ ds eqrkfcd]
1965 esa flaxkiqj dh çfr O;fÙkQ thMhih
516 vejhdh MkWyj Fkh vkSj djhc vk/h
tula[;k vf'kf{kr FkhA ysfdu blds
ckotwn flaxkiqj us 1960 ls 1980 rd çfr
O;fÙkQ ldy jk"Vªh; mRikn esa 15 xquk dh
o`f¼ djus tSlk dhfrZeku cuk;k gSA
¥ ;gh ugha] Hkz"Vkpkj dh leL;k ls fuiVus
ds fy, flaxkiqj esa ,sls dM+s dkuwu cuk,
x, ftudh otg ls Hkz"Vkpkj esa deh ns•h
xbZA flaxkiqj esa 'kkunkj lM+dsa vkSj gkbos
fuekZ.k ij tksj fn;k x;k ftlls vk/kjHkwr
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
16 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01
¥ flaxkiqj dh lwjr cnyus esa bldh HkkSxksfyd
fLFkfr dk Hkh ,d cM+k ;ksxnku gSA ;s
ns'k eyDdk tyMe:eè; ds eqgkus ij
fLFkr gS tgka ls nqfu;k dk 40 iQhlnh
leqæh O;kikj gksdj xqtjrk gS ftlls bl
ns'k dks Hkkjh dekbZ gksrh gSA bldh 190
fdyksehVj yach rVh; js•k ij dbZ xgjs
ikuh okys canjxkg gSaA
xka/hoknh vFkZ'kkL=k
¥ mÙkj çns'k tSls jkT; flaxkiqj dh rqyuk
esa vf/d tfVy gSaA flaxkiqj yxHkx 6
fefy;u ukxfjdksa okyk ,d 'kgj gS]
tcfd 200 fefy;u ls vf/d dh
vkcknh okys mÙkj çns'k esa ntZuks a 'kgj
vkSj gtkjks a xk¡o gSaA çoklh Hkkjr ds
'kgjksa ls xkaoks a esa okil ykSV jgs gSa vkSj
os ,d ,slh nqfu;k esa ykSV jgs gSa ftls
xka/h th vPNh rjg ls tkurs FksA
¥ xka/h th us dgk Fkk fd tc rd
Hkkjr ds xkaoks a esa yksxks a dks vkfFkZd
vkSj lkekftd vktknh ugha feysxh rc
rd] Hkkjr Lora=k ns'k ugha gks ldrkA
;g mudk xjhcksa dk Lojkt dk liuk
FkkA mlds fy,] vaxzstks a ls jktuhfrd
Lora=krk jkLrs esa egt ,d dne FkhA
¥ xka/hoknh vFkZ'kkL=k ,d ,slh vkfFkZd
O;oLFkk dh ladYiuk ij vk/kfjr gS
ftles ¶oxZ¸ dk dksbZ LFkku ugh gS_
ysfdu bl rjg dk xka/hokn] ekDlZokn
ls fHkUu gSA xk¡/h dk vFkZ'kkL=k ,d ,slh
lkekftd O;oLFkk LFkkfir djus dh ckr
djrk gS ftlesa ,d O;fÙkQ fdlh nwljs
dk 'kks"k.k ugh djrk gSA vFkkZr xka/hoknh
vFkZ'kkL=k_ lkekftd U;k; vkSj lerk ds
fl¼kar ij vk/kfjr gSA
¥ xk¡/h th dk vFkZ'kkL=k NksVs vkSj Je
ç/ku m|ksxks a ds i{k esa gSA xk¡/h th
cM+h&cM+h e'khuksa ds fojks/h Fks_ gkyk¡fd
;g ckr orZeku le; esa FkksM+h de
lkFkZd gSA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd ,d
futhZo e'khu dbZ euq";ksa dk dke djrh
gS ftlds dkj.k lekt esa csjkstxkjh
c
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17 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
egRoiw.kZ czsu cwLVlZ7
lhek lek;kstu dj01
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa m|ksx eaMy ih,pMh pSEclZ vkWiQ dkWelZ }kjk baVjusV ds ekè;e ls vk;ksftr dk;ZØe esa ^uhfr vk;ksx* ds lnL; oh-ds- lkjLor }kjk ?kjsyw m|ksxksa dks ,d leku Lrj çnku djus ds fy;s vk;kr ij ^lhek lek;kstu dj* (Border Adjustment Tax-BAT) yxkus dk leFkZu fd;k x;k gSA
3- D;k gS lhek lek;kstu dj ¾ ^lhek lek;kstu dj* ls rkRi;Z ,sls dj ls gS tks canjxkgksa ij vkjksfir vk;kr 'kqYd ds vykok vk;kfrr oLrqvksa ij yxk;k tkrk gSA ;g ns'k ls fu;kZr gksus okyh oLrqvksa ij vkjksfir ugha fd;k tk;sxkA
¾ lhek lek;kstu dj ,d jktdks"kh; mik; gS ftls ^dj ds xarO; fl¼kar* (Destination Principle of Taxation) ds vuqlkj oLrqvksa ;k lsokvksa ij yxk;k tkrk gSA
¾ lkekU;r% ;g dj vius {ks=kkf/dkj ds Hkhrj mRiknksa ;k lsokvksa dh vkiwfrZ djus okyh fons'kh vkSj ?kjsyw daifu;ksa ds fy;s ^çfrLi/kZ dh leku fLFkfr* (Equal Conditions of Competition) dks c
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
18 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa lqçhe dksVZ }kjk fn, x;s vkns'k ds ckn ls vle ds
cjkd ?kkVh esa fujks/ dsaæ ls
ykHkkFkhZ ds :i esa fjgk gksus okys
flídh vyh vafre ?kksf"kr fons'kh
cu x, gSaA3- ?kksf"kr fons'kh
¾ ?kksf"kr fons'kh (Declared foreigner), ds :i esa ml O;fDr dks fpfÉr fd;k tkrk gS ftls 100 fons'kh vf/dj.k (iQkWjsulZ fVªC;wuy) esa ls fdlh ,d }kjk igpku dh xbZ gks] tks jkT; iqfyl dh ckWMZj foax }kjk voS/ ukxfjd ds :i esa fpfÉr djus ds ckn viuh ukxfjdrk lkfcr djus esa foiQy jgrk gSA
4- ?kksf"kr fonsf'k;ksa dh fLFkfr ¾ xkSjryc gS fd vle ds fofHkUu fujks/ dsaæksa esa dqy 802 ?kksf"kr fons'kh gSaA
¾ dqN yksxksa dks •jkc nLrkost ;k •jkc dkuwuh lgk;rk vkSj lalk/uksa dh deh ds dkj.k fons'kh ?kksf"kr dj fn;k tkrk gS D;ksafd os lkfcr djus esa l{ke ugha gksrs gSa fd os Hkkjrh; ukxfjd gSaA
¾ buesa ls dqN mPp U;k;ky;ksa esa vius ekeyksa dks vkxs c
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19 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
tqusfFkUFk egksRlo03
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa viuh laLÑfr ds fy, fujarj vkRe&fodkl vkSj lEeku dks çksRlkfgr
djrs gq,] vÚhdh vesfjdh leqnk; us
viuh LorU=krk dk 155 ok¡ o"kZ euk;kA
bls tqusfFkUFk dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd ewy
:i ls ;g twu vkSj mUuhloha(ukbfFkUFk)
dk ,d la;kstu gS vkSj ml rkjh• dks
fpfÉr djrk gS tks la;qÙkQ jkT; vesfjdk
esa xqykeh ds var dk çrhd gSA
2- i`"BHkwfe ¾ yxHkx rhu lky pys vesfjdh x`g ;q¼ esa jk"Vªifr bczkghe fyadu us Lora=krk dh
mn~?kks"k.kk tkjh dh] ftlesa crk;k x;k fd foæksgh jkT;ksa ds Hkhrj xqyke ds :i esa
idM+s lHkh yksxks a dks ekuork ds ukrs Lora=k dj fn;k tk;sxk vkSj nklrk ls eqfÙkQ
ns nh tk;sxh] ml le; dqN pkj yk• xqyke idM+s x;s FksA
¾ ijUrq ]okLrfodrk esa nklrk lekIr gksus esa o"kks ± yx x,A ;g mn~?kks"k.kk mu
lhekorhZ jkT;ksa ij ykxw ugha gksrh Fkh tks la?k ds çfr oiQknkj FksA ckn esa] ;q¼
lekfIr dh ?kks"k.kk ds nks lky vkSj
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
20 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01
RMIFC vkSj EMASOH04
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa i;Zos{kd ds :i esa fgan egklkxj vk;ksx (vkbZvkslh) esa 'kkfey gksus ds ckn]
Hkkjr esMkxkLdj esa {ks=kh; leqæh lwpuk lay;u
dsaæ (Regional Maritime Information Fusion
Centre& RMIFC) rFkk gkseZqt tyMe:eè; esa
;wjksih; leqæh fuxjkuh igy (EMASOH) esa
ukSlsuk laidZ vf/dkfj;ksa dks fu;qDr djus ij
fopkj dj jgk gSA
2- çeq• fcUnq ¾ RMFIC fgUn egklkxj vk;ksx ds varxZr dk;Z djrk gSA KkrO; gS fd Hkkjr] tkiku rFkk la;qDr jk"Vª dks ekpZ] 2020 esa i;Zos{kd dk ntkZ iznku fd;k x;k gSA bldk eq[;ky; esMkxkLdj esa fLFkr gSA
¾ {ks=kh; leqæh lwpuk lay;u dsaæ dh LFkkiuk dk mís'; leqæh xfrfof/;ksa ij fuxjkuh ds ekè;e ls leqæh vf/dkj&{ks=k tkx:drk (Maritime Domain Awareness) esa o`f¼ djuk rFkk lwpuk lk>kdj.k ,ao fofue; dks çksRlkgu nsuk gSA
3- ;wjksih; leqæh fuxjkuh igy (EMASOH) ¾ csfYt;e] MsuekdZ] uhnjySaM vkSj Úkal ds la;qÙkQ igy ls EMASOH dk eq[;ky; vcw /kch esa Úkalhlh ukSlSfud vîós ij LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA
¾ bldh LFkkiuk dk çeq• mís'; leqæ esa gksus okyh xfrfof/;ksa dh fuxjkuh djuk rFkk iQkjl dh •kM+h ,oa gkseZqt tyMe:eè; esa ukSifjogu dh Lora=krk dk nkf;Ro ysuk gSA bl igy dh 'kq:vkr izQkal ds usr`Ro esa iQjojh] 2020 esa fd;k x;kA
4- fgan egklkxj vk;ksx ¾ vkbZvkslh nf{k.k if'pe fgan egklkxj esa ,d {ks=kh; eap gS ftlesa ikap jk"Vª 'kkfey gSa & dkseksjksl] Úkal (jh;wfu;u)] esMkxkLdj] ekWjh'kl vkSj ls'ksYlA phu vkSj ;wjksih; la?k (bZ;w) Øe'k% 2016 vkSj 2017 ds ckn ls vkbZvkslh esa i;Zos{kd jgs gSaA
¾ fgan egklkxj vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk o"kZ 1982 esa ekWjh'kl ds iksVZ yqbZ esa dh x;h FkhA bldk eq[;ky; ,csus ekWjh'kl esa vofLFkr gSA ;g ,d varj&ljdkjh laxBu gSA
5- fgan egklkxj {ks=k gsrq lwpuk lay;u dsaæ ¾ Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk us fnlacj 2018 esa xq#xzke esa lwpuk çca/u vkSj fo'ys"k.k dsaæ (IMAC) ds ifjlj esa IFC-IOR dh LFkkiuk dh rkfd {ks=k esa leqæh xfrfof/;ksa ij utj j•h tk ldsA
¾ Úkal IFC-IOR esa ,d Liaison vf/dkjh rSukr djus okyk igyk ns'k cu x;k] ftlds ckn vesfjdk] vkWLVªsfy;k] tkiku vkSj ;wukbVsM fdaxMe lfgr dbZ vU; ns'kksa us ukS lsuk laidZ vf/dkjh fu;qÙkQ djus dh ?kks"k.kk dhA
¾ Hkkjr us dbZ ns'kksa ds lkFk 'osr f'kfiax le>kSrksa] ykWftfLVDl liksVZ vxzhesaV (,y,l,) vkSj leqæh lg;ksx le>kSrksa ij gLrk{kj fd, gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] opZqvy lfeV esa] Hkkjr vkSj vkWLVªsfy;k us baMks&iSflfiQd esa leqæh lg;ksx ds fy, ,d lk>k fotu ij ,d la;qÙkQ ?kks"k.kk dh] ftlesa mUgksaus ¶ukSlsuk&ls&ukSlsuk lg;ksx dks xgjk djus vkSj baMks&iSflfiQd {ks=k esa leqæh vf/dkj&{ks=k tkx:drk (,eMh,) dks etcwr djus¸ ij lgefr O;ÙkQ dhA
¾ vkbZ,iQlh&vkbZvksvkj nqfu;k Hkj esa blh rjg ds dsaæksa ds lkFk leUo; dj jgk gSA buesa &vkHkklh {ks=kh; leqæh ;krk;kr dsaæ] gkWuZ vkWiQ vÚhdk dk leqæh lqj{kk dsaæ ]leqæh MdSrh vkSj l'kL=k MdSrh ij {ks=kh; lg;ksx le>kSrk] lwpuk lay;u dsaæ& flaxkiqj vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; leqæh C;wjks&ikbjslh fjiksfVZax dsaæ 'kkfey gSaA
-
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
fons'kh çtkfr;ksa ds vk;kr gsrq fn'kk&funZs'k 05
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa i;kZoj.k ou vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu ea=kky; (MOEFCC) us ,d fn'kk funZs'k tkjh
fd;k gS ftlesa dgk x;k gS fd ¶fons'kh
thfor çtkfr;ksa¸ dk vk;kr djus okys yksxksa
dks LoSfPNd çdVhdj.k djuk gksxkA
¾ ;g dne dksjksuks ok;jl (COVID-19) ds çdksi dks ns•rs gq, mBk;k x;k gS] ftlus
voS/ oU;tho O;kikj vkSj twuksfVd laca/h
chekfj;ksa ds ckjs esa oSf'od fpark iSnk dh gSA
2- vko';drk D;ksa \ ¾ ns'k ds cgqr ls ukxfjdksa us lhvkbZVhbZ,l (ladVxzLr çtkfr varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj lEesyu) dks vius ikl j•k gS] ftlesa fons'kh i'kq çtkfr;ksa dks lwphc¼ fd;k x;k gSA ysfdu jkT;@dsaæ Lrj ij ,slh çtkfr;ksa ds LVkWd ls lEcaf/r dksbZ ,dhÑr lwpuk ç.kkyh miyC/ ugha gSA
¾ dbZ fons'kh çtkfr;ksa tSls&i{kh] ljhl`i] NksVs Lru/kjh] eNfy;ka vkSj ;gka rd fd dqN ikS/s Hkh Hkkjr esa vk;kr fd, tkrs gSaA
¾ i;kZoj.k] ou vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu ea=kky; us vxys Ng eghuksa esa LoSfPNd tkudkjh nsus ds ekè;e ls ,slh çtkfr;ksa ds /kjdksa ls LVkWd tkudkjh ,d=k djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k gSA
¾ xkSjryc gS fd jkT; vFkok dsaæh; Lrj ij fons'kh çtkfr;ksa ls lacaf/r dksbZ ,dhÑr lwpuk ç.kkyh miyC/ ugha gSA blds vykok] ns•k x;k gS fd nLrkostksa dh yach çfØ;k rFkk tkap ls cpus ds fy, fons'kh çtkfr;ksa dks ns'k esa voS/ :i ls rLdjh dh tkrh gSA
3- çeq• fn'kk&funZs'k ¾ iathdj.k] i'kqvksa o u, 'kkodksa ds LVkWd lkFk&lkFk vk;kr vkSj fofue; ds fy, fd;k tk,xkA blls çtkfr;ksa ds csgrj çca/u esa enn feysxh vkSj ;g /kjdksa dks mfpr i'kq fpfdRlk ns•Hkky] vkokl vkSj çtkfr;ksa dh HkykbZ ds vU; igyqvksa ds ckjs esa ekxZn'kZu djsxkA
¾ fons'kh i'kqvksa ds MsVkcsl ls i'kq&jksxks a ds fu;a=k.k vkSj çca/u esa enn feysxhA tkuojksa vkSj euq";ksa dh lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, le;≤ ij ekxZn'kZu Hkh miyC/ gksxkA
¾ ?kks"k.kkdrkZ dks fons'kh thfor çtkfr;ksa ds laca/ esa fdlh Hkh nLrkost tek djus dh vko';drk ugha gksxh] ;fn ijke'kZ tkjh djus dh rkjh• ds Ng eghus ds Hkhrj ?kks"k.kk dh tkrh gSA 6 eghus ds ckn dh xbZ fdlh Hkh ?kks"k.kk ds fy,] ?kks"k.kkdrkZ dks ekStwnk dkuwuks a vkSj fu;eksa ds rgr nLrkost dh vko';drk ds fu;e dk ikyu djuk gksxkA
¾ fdlh Hkh fons'kh tkuoj dk vk;kr djus ls iwoZ O;fÙkQ dks DGFT ls ykblsal çkfIr ds fy;s ,d vkosnu çLrqr djuk gksxkAvk;krd dks vkosnu ds lkFk lacaf/r jkT; ds ^eq[; oU;tho okMZu* dks ^vukifÙk çek.k i=k* (NOC) Hkh layXu djuk gksxkA
4- fons'kh (,DlksfVd) çtkfr;ka ¾ fons'kh (,DlksfVd) çtkfr;ka] i'kq ;k ikS/ksa dh mu çtkfr;ksa dks dgk tkrk gS] ftUgsa vius ewy LFkku ls u, LFkku ij ys tk;k tkrk gSA
¾ fons'kh çtkfr;ka* (Exotic live species) ds varxZr ^oU;thoksa rFkk ouLifr;ksa ds varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ij dUosa'ku* (CITES) dh ifjf'k"V I. (dksbZ
O;kikj ugha gksrk gS)] II. (O;kikj iwoZ vuqefr ls gks ldrk gS) rFkk III. (esa cM+h la[;k esa i'kq vkSj i{kh gSa ftudk O;kikj fd;k tk ldrk
gSA) esa vf/lwfpr yqIrçk; çtkfr;ksa ds :i esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS] ijUrq ^oU;tho (laj{k.k) vf/fu;e] 1972 ds rgr vf/lwfpr çtkfr;ksa
dks 'kkfey ugha fd;k x;k gSA
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
22 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01
flfDde&frCcr dUosa'ku] 189006
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa flfDde ds ukdq yk esa okLrfod fu;a=k.k js•k (Line of Actual Control - LAC)
ij phu vkSj Hkkjr ds lSfudksa ds eè;
c
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
lw;Z xzg.k ,oa mldk egRo07
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ 21 twu] 2020 dks Hkkjr ds mÙkjh fgLlksa esa oy;kdkj lw;Z xzg.k (Annular Solar Eclipse)
fn•kbZ fn;k] tks •xksyh; foKku esa egRoiw.kZ
?kVuk gSA xkSjryc gS fd 25 lky ckn ;s
igyk ekSdk gS tc lw;Z oyk;kdkj ;kuh
vaxwBh dh rjg fn•k] blls igys o"kZ 1995
esa bl rjg dk xzg.k ns•k x;k FkkA
¾ •xksy oSKkfudksa ds vuqlkj] vxyk oy;kdkj lw;Z xzg.k Hkkjr esa 21 ebZ 2031
dks fn•kbZ nsxk] tcfd vxyk iw.kZ lw;Z
xzg.k 20 ekpZ] 2034 dks ns•k tk,xkA
2- xzg.k D;k gS ¾ xzg.k ,d •xksyh; ?kVuk gS] tc ,d •xksyh; fiaM ij nwljs •xksyh; fiaM dh
Nk;k iMrh gS] rc xzg.k gksrk gSA xzg.k 'kCn dk mi;ksx çk;% lw;Z vFkok paæ
xzg.k dk fooj.k djus esa gksrk gSA
¾ ftrus Hkh xzg.k gksrs gSa] muesa ls 70 » lw{e xzg.k rFkk 30» LFkwy xzg.k gksrs
gSaA ekuo dsoy 30» HkkSfrd xzg.kksa dks gh le> ikrk gSA bl çdkj ekuo lw{e
xzg.kksa ls iw.kZr;k vufHkK jgrk gSA
3- lw;Z xzg.k D;k gS\ ¾ HkkSfrd foKku ds vuqlkj tc lw;Z o i`Foh ds chp paæek vk tkrk gS rks
paæek ds ihNs lw;Z dk fcEc dqN le; ds fy, uk dkiQh egÙoiw.kZ
gS] D;ksafd ;s i`Foh lesr lkSj ç.kkyh ds 'ks"k lHkh fgLlksa dks çHkkfor djrs gSaA
5- lw;Z xzg.k ds nkSjku lko/kfu;k¡ ¾ lw;Z xzg.k ds nkSjku lksyj jsfM;s'ku ls vk¡•ksa
ds uktqd fV'kw •jkc gks ldrs gSa] ftlls
LFkk;h va/kiu ;k jsfVuk esa tyu gks ldrh gSA
bls ftls lksyj jsfVuksiSFkh (Solar Retinopathy)
dgrs gSaA lw;Z xzg.k dks •kl fiQYVj okys
p'eksa ls ns•us dh lykg nh tkrh gS ftUgs
vkbfDyIl Xyklsl dgk tkrk gSA
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
24 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01
iz- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&
1- vle esa 100 fons'kh vf/dj.k esa ls fdlh ,d }kjk ml
O;fDr dks ?kksf"kr fons'kh ds :i esa fpfUgr fd;k tkrk gS
tks viuh ukxfjdrk lkfcr djus esa foiQy jgrk gSA
2- fons'kh (vf/dj.k) vkns'k] 1964 dks dsUnz ljdkj us
fons'kh vf/dj.k vf/fu;e] 1946 dh /kjk 3 ds rgr tkjh
fd;k FkkA
?kksf"kr fons'kh vkSj fons'kh vfèkdj.k
02
lhek lek;kstu dj01
iz- lhek lek;kstu dj ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij
fopkj dhft,&
1- lhek lek;kstu dj ls rkRi;Z ,sls dj ls gS] tks canxkgksa
ij vkjksfir vk;kr 'kqYd ds vykok vk;frr oLrqvksa ij
yxk;k tkrk gSA
2- lhek lkek;kstu dj ,d jktdks"kh; mik; gS ftls dj ds
xarO; fl¼kar ds vuqlkj oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa ij yxk;k
tkrk gSA
mi;qZDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuks a (d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
mÙkj% (c)
O;k[;k% lhek lek;kstu dj ls rkRi;Z ,sls dj ls gS] tks
canjxkgksa ij vkjksfir vk;kr 'kqYd ds vykok vk;frr oLrqvksa ij
yxk;k tkrk gSA lhek lek;kstu dj ,d jktdks"kh; mik; gS ftls
dj ds xarO; fl¼kar ds vuqlkj oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa ij yxk;k tkrk
gSA bl rjg nksuks a dFku lgh gS] blfy, mÙkj (c) gksxkA
oLrqfu"B iz'u rFkk muds O;k[;k lfgr mÙkj
(czsu cwLVlZ ij vk/kfjr)7
tqusfFkUFk egksRlo03
iz- tqusfFkUFk egksRlo ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj
dhft,&
1. o"kZ 1990 esa VsDlkl jkT; NqV~Vh ds :i esa tqusFk dks
ekU;rk nsus okyk igyk jkT; FkkA
2. bl o"kZ vizQhdh vesfjdh leqnk; viuh Lora=krk dk 161ok¡
o"kZ euk jgk gSA
mi;qZDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuks a (d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
mÙkj% (d)
O;k[;k% o"kZ 1980 esa VsDlkl jkT; NqV~Vh ds :i esa tqusFk dks
ekU;rk nsus okyk igyk jkT; FkkA bl o"kZ vizQhdh vesfjdh leqnk;
us viuh Lora=krk dk 155ok¡ o"kZ euk jgk gSA bl rjg nksuks a dFku
xyr gSa] vr% mÙkj (d) gksxkA
3- fons'kh vf/dj.k dk lnL; mls fu;qDr fd;k tkrk gS a]
ftldh mez 25 o"kZ gksA
mi;qZDr dFkuks a es a ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (d) mijksDr lHkh
mÙkj% (a)
O;k[;k% vle esa oSls O;fDr dks ?kksf"kr fons'kh ds :i esa
fpfUgr fd;k tkrk gS] ftls 100 fons'kh vf/dj.kks a es a ls fdlh
,d }kjk ml O;fDr dh igpku dh tkrh gS] tks viuh ukxfjdrk
lkfcr djus esa foiQy jgrk gSA fons'kh vf/dj.k dk lnL; mls
fu;qDr fd;k tkrk gS ftldh mez 35 o"kZ gks rFkk ftls de ls de
lkr o"kZ ds vH;kl dk vuqHko gksA bl rjg dFku 3 xyr gS] vr%
mÙkj (a) gksxkA
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fons'kh iztkfr;ksa ds vk;kr gsrq fn'kk&funsZ'k
05
iz- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&
1- fons'kh iztkfr;k¡ i'kq ;k ikS/ksa dh mu iztkfr;ksa dks dgk tkrk
gS] tks vius ewy LFkku dks NksM+dj u;s LFkku ij tkrs gSaA
2- fons'kh iztkfr;ksa dks oU;thoksa rFkk ouLifr;ksa ds varjkZ"Vªh;
O;kikj ij dUosa'ku esa vf/lwfpr yqIrizk; iztkfr;ksa ds :i esa
'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA
3- fons'kh vf/lwfpr iztkfr;ksa dks oU;tho (laj{k.k) vf/fu;e
1972 ds rgr 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA
mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (b) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
(c) dsoy 2 o 3 (d) buesas ls dksbZ ugha
mÙkj% (b)
O;k[;k% fons'kh iztkfr;ksa dks oU;thoksa rFkk ouLifr;ksa ds
varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ij dUosa'ku esa vf/lwfpr yqIrizk; iztkfr;ksa ds :i esa
'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA fons'kh vf/lwfpr iztkfr;ksa dks oU;tho (laj{k.k)
vfèkfu;e 1972 ds rgr 'kkfey ugha fd;k x;k gSA bl rjg dFku 3
xyr gS] vr% mÙkj (b) gksxkA
flfDde frCcr dUosa'ku] 189006
lw;Z xzg.k ,oa mldk egRo07
iz- gky gh esa pfpZr lw;Z xzg.k ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa
ij fopkj dhft,&
1- lw;Z xzg.k eq[;r% rhu izdkj ds gksrs gS aA
2- tc i`Foh vkSj pUnzek ds chp lw;Z vk tkrk gS rks blh
?kVuk dks lw;Z xzg.k dgk tkrk gSA
3- ftrus Hkh xzg.k gksrs gS a] muesa ls 70» lw{e rFkk 30»
LFkwy xzg.k gksrs ga SA
mi;qZDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku xyr gS@gSa\
(a) 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 2
(c) 1] 2 vkSj 3 (d) mijksDr esa ls dksbZ ugha
mÙkj% (b)
O;k[;k% 21 twu] 2020 dks Hkkjr ds mÙkjh fgLlks a es a oy;kdkj
lw;Z xzg.k fn[kkbZ fn;k tks [kxksy foKku esa egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk gSA
KkrO; gS fd tc lw;Z o i`Foh ds chp pUnzek vk tkrk gS rks mlh
?kVuk dks lw;Z xzg.k dgk tkrk gSA vr% dFku 2 xyr gSA bl lanHkZ
es a 'ks"k nksuks a dFku lgh gSaA mÙkj (b) gksxkA
iz- flfDde&frCcr dUosa'ku 1890 ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr
dFkuks a ij fopkj dhft,&
1- ukFkqyk {ks=k es a lhek dk fu/kZj.k okVj'ksM fiz afliYl ds
vk/kj ij fd;k x;k gSA
2- o"kZ 1890 ds flfDde&frCcr laf/ ds vuqlkj] ukFkqYkk
{ks=k Hkkjr dk fgLlk gSA
mi;qZDr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(c) 1 vkSj 2 (d) u rks 1 u gha 2
mÙkj% (c)
O;k[;k% gky gh esa flfDde ds ukFkqyk esa okLrfod fu;a=k.k
js[kk ij phu vkSj Hkkjr ds lSfudks a ds eè; c
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
26 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01
ykWdMkmu ds nkSjku vkstksu çnw"k.k esa gqvk Hkkjh btkiQk01
¥ gky gh es lsaVj iQkWj lkbal ,aM ,uok;jesaV
(lh,lbZ) us ns'k ds 22 cM+s 'kgjks a esa
çnw"k.k ds vkadM+ks a dk fo'ys"k.k dj
crk;k gS fd ns'kO;kih ykWdMkmu dh
vof/ esa vkstksu çnw"k.k ekud Lrj ls
vf/d jgk gSA
¥ lh,lbZ us ;s fo'ys"k.k 1 tuojh ls 31
ebZ 2020 rd ds vkadM+ks a ds vk/kj ij
tkjh fd;k gSA ;s vkadM+s dsaæh; çnw"k.k
fu;a=k.k cksMZ ls gkfly fd, x, FksA
vkadM+ks a ds fo'ys"k.k ls ;s ckr lkeus
vkbZ gS fd tc ykWdMkmu ds dkj.k 'kgjksa
esa ikfVZdqysV eSVj 2-5 vkSj ukbVªkstu
MkbZ&vkDlkbM dk Lrj tc dkiQh de
gks x;k Fkk] rc vkstksu çnw"k.k fparktud
Lrj ij igqap x;k] tcfd vkstksu çnw"k.k
rc gqvk djrk gS] tc rst /wi vkSj xehZ
dk ekSle gksA
¥ fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj 24 ?kaVks a esa ls vxj 8
?kaVks a dk vkSlr ns•sa] rks fnYyh&,ulhvkj
vkSj vgenkckn esa de ls de ,d
vkWCtoZs'ku LVs'ku esa ykWdMkmu vof/ ds
nks frgkbZ oÙkQ esa vkstksu çnw"k.k ekud ls
vf/d jgkA ogha] mÙkj çns'k ds uks,Mk
esa 12 fnuksa rd vkstksu çnw"k.k ekud ls
vf/d jgk vkSj ,d vkWCtoZs'ku LVs'ku
ij 42 fnuksa rd çnw"k.k ekud ls T;knk
ntZ fd;k x;kA blh rjg dksydkrk]
fnYyh vkSj vU; 'kgjksa esa vkstksu çnw"k.k
r;'kqnk ekud ls vf/d jgkA
vkstksu çnw"k.k ds fy, ftEesnkj dkjd
¥ xehZ ds ekSle esa fLFkj jgrh gS tcfd
vU; ekSleksa esa vR;f/d ifjorZu'khy
jgrk gSA dksfoM&19 ds le; esa ekSle
esa vR;f/d cnyko ns[kk x;k gS tSls&rst
gok,¡] :d&:ddj ckfj'k] vpkud c
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27 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
Nksyqax lqdiQk 03
;qfÙkQ 2-002
¥ gky gh es dsUæh; ekuo lalk/u fodkl
ea=kky; us ;qfÙkQ 2-0 dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;k
gSA ;qfÙkQ 2-0 osc iksVZy ;qfDr 1 (igys
laLdj.k) dk ,d rkfdZd foLrkj gSA YUKTI
dk eryc gS Young India combating
COVID with Knowledge, Technology, and
InnovationA mPp f'k{kk laLFkkuksa ls dbZ
csgrjhu lek/kuksa dh igpku ds fy,
YUKTI iksVZy ykWUp fd;k x;kA
;qfÙkQ 2-0
¥ ;qfÙkQ 2-0 iksVZy ubZ fnYyh ds mPp f'k{kk
laLFkkuksa ds fy, gSA bl iksVZy ds ekè;e
ls O;kolkf;d {kerk j[kus okys LVkVZvi
buD;wcsVjksa ls lexz vkSj O;kid rjhds ls
izkS|ksfxfd;ksa dk vf/xzg.k fd;k tk,xkA
¥ ;g iksVZy ,d ekdZsVIysl LFkkfir djus
esa enn djsxk tgka bu ;qok uoçorZdksa
dks fuos'kdksa ds lkFk tksM+k tk,xkA blds
vykok] mPp f'k{kk laLFkkuksa ds uokpkjksa
vkSj çkS|ksfxfd;ksa dks vkxs c
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
28 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01
¥ ;wukbVsM us'ku ,tqds'kuy lkbafVfiQd ,aM
dYpj vkWxZsukbts'ku (UNESCO) us gky
gh esa viuh Xykscy ,tqds'ku ekWfuVfjax
fjiksVZ 2020 tkjh dh gSA bl fjiksVZ esa
vyx&vyx ns'kksa ds ikB~ÔØe esa efgykvksa
dh Hkwfedk ds ckjs esa crk;k x;k gSA lkFk
gh bl fjiksVZ esa ;g dgk x;k gS fd
dksfoM&19 oSf'od egkekjh ls f'k{k.k {ks=k
dks dkiQh uqdlku igqapsxkA
fjiksZV ds eq[; fcUnq
¥ okf"kZd fjiksVZ ds bl pkSFks laLdj.k ds
eqrkfcd efgykvksa dks fdrkcksa esa de
çfrf"Br is'ks okyk n'kkZ;k x;k gSA bruk gh
ugha bu is'kksa esa dke djus okyh efgykvksa
ds LoHkko dks Hkh vareZq•h vkSj nCcw crk;kA
bl ckr dks le>kus ds fy, ;wusLdks us
mnkgj.k ds fy, crk;k fd fdrkcksa esa ,d
vksj tgka iq#"kksa dks MkWDVj fn•k;k tkrk gS]
rks ogha efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk ,d ulZ ds
:i esa n'kkZ;h tkrh gSA
¥ fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k] ^viQxkfuLrku esa]
1990 ds n'kd esa çdkf'kr igyh d{kk
ds ikBÔiqLrdksa ls efgyk,a yxHkx unkjn
FkhaA 2001 ds ckn ls mudh mifLFkfr T;knk
fn•us yxh ysfdu nCcw] eka] ns•Hkky djus
okyksa] csfV;ksa vkSj cguksa tSlh ?kjsyw Hkwfedk
esaA mudk vf/drj çfrfuf/Ro muds fy,
dsoy f'k{k.k ds fodYi dks fn•kdj fd;k
x;k*A
¥ blh rjg bZjku bLykeh x.kjkT; dh 90
çfr'kr çkFkfed vkSj ekè;fed vfuok;Z
f'k{kk ikBÔ&iqLrdksa dh leh{kk esa efgykvksa
dh dsoy 37 çfr'kr Nfo;ka ns•h xbZaA
buesa ls vk/h Nfo;ksa esa efgykvksa dks
ifjokj vkSj f'k{kk ls tqM+k fn•k;k x;k]
tcfd dk;ZLFky dh Nfo;ka lkr çfr'kr
ls Hkh de FkhA iQkjlh vkSj fons'kh Hkk"kk
dh 60 çfr'kr] foKku dh 63 çfr'kr vkSj
lkekftd foKku dh 74 çfr'kr fdrkcksa esa
efgykvksa dh dksbZ rLohj ugha Fkh*A
Xykscy ,tqds'ku ekWfuVfjax fjiksVZ04
¥ bl fjiksVZ esa bVyh] Lisu] ckaXykns'k]
ikfdLrku] eysf'k;k] baMksusf'k;k] dksfj;k]
vesfjdk] fpyh] eksjDdks] rqdhZ vkSj ;qxkaMk
esa Hkh ikBÔiqLrdksa esa efgykvksa ds lkFk
tqM+h bu :f
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29 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
varjjk"Vªh; u'kk fu"ks/ fnol05
i;kZoj.k çHkko vkdyu vf/lwpuk06
¥ 26 twu dks gj lky nqfu;kHkj esa varjkZ"Vªh;
u'kk fu"ks/ fnol (baVjus'kuy Ms vxsULV
Mªx vC;wl ,aM bfyflV VªSfiQfdax) ds :i
esa euk;k tkrk gSA la;qÙkQ jk"Vª ds lg;ksx ls
bl bl fnol dks o"kZ 1987 ls gh euk;k
tk jgk gSA yksxksa dks u'ks ls eqÙkQ djkus vkSj
mUgsa tkx#d djus ds mís'; ls ;g fnol
euk;k tkrk gSA
¥ bl o"kZ varjjk"Vªh; u'kk fu"ks/ fnol dh
Fkhe ^U;k; ds fy, LokLF;] LokLF; ds
fy, U;k;* (gsYFk iQkWj tfLVl ,aM tfLVl
iQkWj gsYFk) gSA tkfgj lh ckr gS fd bl
ckj dh Fkhe yksxksa ls viuh gsYFk ds lkFk
U;k; djus dh vihy djrh gSA
egRo
¥ u'khyh nokvksa ds nq#i;ksx ds •rjksa dks
mtkxj djus vkSj blls fuiVus ds rjhds
ds ckjs esa yksxksa dks tkx:drk ykus ds
fy, bl fnu dks iwjh nqfu;k esa euk;k
tkrk gSA chrs dbZ lkyksa
ls UNODC MªXl ds
fu;a=k.k ds fy, leFkZu
gkfly djus ds fy,
vfHk;ku pykdj lfØ;
:i ls blesa Hkkx ys
jgk gSA ;g vDlj vU;
laxBuksa ds lkFk feydj
vfHk;ku esa Hkkx ysus ds
fy, yksxksa dks çksRlkfgr
djrk gSA
¥ la;qÙkQ jk"Vª vius Mªx
fojks/h vijk/] la;qÙkQ
jk"Vª dk;kZy; MªXl
,aM Økbe (UNODC) dks nqfu;k Hkj esa
vius lHkh vfHk;kuksa esa lfØ; djrk gS]
tkx:drk iQSykus ds fy,] ljdkjksa ls ukdkZs
vFkZO;oLFkk dks mÙksftr djus ls cpus vkSj
nokvksa ds voS/ O;kikj ls fuiVus ds fy,
vkxzg djrk gSA
¥ iwjs fo'o esa bl fnu fofHkUu leqnk;ksa
vkSj laxBu yksxks a dks u'khyh nokvksa ds
çfr {ks=kh; Lrj ij yksxks a dks tkx#d
djus ds fy, reke rjg ds dk;ZØe
pykrs gSaA bl nkSjku mUgsa u'khys inkFkks ±
ls gksus okys uqdlku vkSj •rjksa ds ckjs
esa crk;k tkrk gSA
¥ fnYyh gkbZdksVZ us dsaæ ljdkj }kjk i;kZoj.k çHkko vkdyu vf/lwpuk ;kfu bZvkbZ, 2020 ds MªkÝV ij vkifÙk;ka ntZ djus ds fy, nh xbZ le; vof/ dks 11 vxLr rd c
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
30 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01
Hkkjr vkSj HkwVku dh la;qDr m|e iufctyh ifj;kstuk07
¥ gky gh esa Hkkjr vkSj HkwVku dh ljdkj
us Hkkjr vkSj HkwVku ds chp ,d la;qÙkQ
m|e iufctyh ifj;kstuk 'kq: djus ds
fy, ,d le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj fd, gSaA ;g
le>kSrk mÙkQ ifj;kstuk ds fuekZ.k lfgr
vU; lacaf/r dk;ks± ds 'kq: gksus dk ekxZ
ç'kLr djsxkA
•ksyksaxNq iufctyh ifj;kstuk
¥ ;g ifj;kstuk iwohZ HkwVku ds =kk';kaxRls
ftys esa •ksyksaxpq unh ij fLFkr gksxhA
bl iufctyh ifj;kstuk dh {kerk 600
esxkokV gksxh vkSj ;g 2025 dh nwljh
Nekgh rd iw.kZ gks tk,xhA
¥ dk;kZUo;u vkSj iufctyh ifj;kstuk ds
fodkl ds fy, HkwVku ds Mªd xzhu ikoj
dkjiksjs'ku vkSj Hkkjr ds lryqt ty fo|qr
fuxe fyfeVsM ds chp ,d la;qÙkQ m|e
dk xBu fd;k x;k gS] bl la;qÙkQ m|e
dks •ksyksaxNq gkbMªks ,uthZ fyfeVsM uke
fn;k x;k gSA
¥ bl ifj;kstuk dks •ksyksaXNw gkbMªks ,uthZ
fyfeVsM }kjk dk;kZfUor fd;k tk,xkA ;g
lryqt ty fo|qr fuxe fyfeVsM vkWiQ
bafM;k (SJVNL) vkSj HkwVku ds MdZ xzhu
ikoj dkjiksjs'ku vkWiQ HkwVku (DGPC) ds
chp fufeZr ,d la;qÙkQ m|e daiuh gSA
lll
lll
gSA ;g dkuwuh vko';drkvksa] varjkZ"Vªh;
lEesyuksa] fo'ks"kK Kku vkSj lkoZtfud
lgHkkfxrk ds vk/kj ij fd;k tkrk gSA
;g pj.k oSdfYid lek/kuksa dk Hkh irk
yxkrk gSA
¥ fodYiksa ds çHkkoksa vkSj fodkl dk
ewY;kadu% ;g pj.k çLrkfor ifj;kstuk
ds i;kZoj.kh; çHkkoksa dh Hkfo";ok.kh
vkSj igpku djrk gS vkSj fodYiksa ij
Hkh foLrkj ls crkrk gSA
¥ bZvkbZ, fjiksVZ% bl fjiksfVZax pj.k esa] ,d
i;kZoj.k çca/u ;kstuk (bZ,eih) vkSj
ifj;kstuk ds çHkko dk ,d xSj&rduhdh
lkjka'k Hkh vke turk ds fy, rS;kj
fd;k x;k gSA bl fjiksVZ dks i;kZoj.k
çHkko dFku (EIS) Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
¥ fu.kZ; ysuk% bl pj.k esa ifj;kstuk dks
fdu 'krks± ds rgr eatwjh nh tkuh gS ;k
ugha vkSj bl ij fu.kZ; fy;k tkuk gSA
¥ fuxjkuh] vuqikyu] çorZu vkSj
i;kZoj.k ys•k ijh{kk% fuxjkuh djuk
fd D;k vuqekfur çHkko vkSj 'keu ç;kl
bZ,eih ds vuqlkj gksrs gSaA
¥ fons'k ea=kky; ds vuqlkj] bl ifj;kstuk
ds rgr 95 ehVj dh ÅapkbZ ds daØhV
xq#Rokd"kZ.k cka/ }kjk vo#¼ ikuh ds
lkFk pkj 150 esxkokV VckZbu okys ,d
Hkwfexr fctyh?kj dh ifjdYiuk dh xbZ gSA
Hkkjr&HkwVku f}i{kh; tyfo|qr ifj;kstuk,a
¥ ;g Hkkjr vkSj HkwVku dh ljdkjksa ds chp
f}i{kh; laca/ksa ds rgr 5oha iufctyh
ifj;kstuk gSA
¥ mYys[kuh; gS fd ç/kuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh
us vxLr] 2019 esa eaxnsNq tyfo|qr
ifj;kstuk dk mn~?kkVu fd;k FkkA eaxnsNq
tyfo|qr ifj;kstuk 720 esxkokV dh gSA
rkyk tyfo|qr ifj;kstuk 1020 esxkokV
ds lkFk HkwVku esa lcls cM+h ty fo|qr
ifj;kstuk gSA rkyk gkbMªksbysfDVªd çkstsDV
2007 ls pkyw gS vkSj Hkkjr }kjk vuqnku ds
ekè;e ls foÙkiksf"kr fd;k x;k FkkA
¥ vU; pkj iufctyh ifj;kstuk,a (60
esxkokV dqfjNw HEP] 336 esxkokV pw•k
HEP] 720 esxkokV eaXnsNw HEP vkSj 1]020
Vkyk HEP) tks dqy feydj 2]100 esxkokV
dh ifj;kstuk;sa gSa] HkwVku esa igys ls gh
pkyw gSaA
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31 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
egRoiw.kZ vH;kl iz'u(eq[; ijh{kk gsrq) 7
vktknh ds brus o"kks± ckn Hkh ns'k ds vUnj ca/qok etnwjksa ls lacaf/r [kcjsa vkrh jgrh gaSA ns'k esa ca/qvk etnwjksa dh fLFkfr ij izdk'k MkysaA
07
fiNys dqN eghuksa ls Hkkjr&phu lhek fookn vR;f/d c
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
32 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01
01 03 05
¶baVjus'kuy Ms vxsaLV Mªx ,C;wt ,.M bfyflV VªSfiQfdax 2020¸ dk fo"k; D;k gS\ 01
fdl jkT; us dksfoM&19 jksfx;ksa ds fy, ^izkstsDV IysfVuk* (IykTek Fksjsih ijh{k.k) 'kq: fd;k gS\ 03
vle&v:.kkpy izns'k dh lhek ij dkSu lk oU;tho vHk;kj.; fLFkr gS\06
fdl varjkZ"Vªh; 'kgj us CogX vkfVZfiQf'k;y baVsfytsUl ij nqfu;k dh lcls cM+h ?kVukvksas dh estckuh dh gS\02
yanu
egkjk"Vª
ladVxzLFk
NÙkhlx
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33 tqykbZ&2020 N vad 01www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
02 04 06
euq"; dh tkap ml dh euq";rk vkSj ml ds mRd"kZ ls gksrh gSA01
gekjk okLrfod 'k=kq dksbZ ckgjh rkdr ugha gS] cfYd gekjh [kqn dh detksfj;kas dk jksuk] gekjh dk;jrk] gekjk LokFkZ] gekjk ik[kaM] gekjk iwokZxzg gSA
03
cpiu dk eryc gS lknxhA nqfu;k dks cPpksa dh utj ls ns[kks&;s cgqr [kwclwjr gSA06
,d ns'k dh rkdr varr% bl ckr esa fufgr gS fd oks [kqn D;k dj ldrk gS] blesa ugha fd oks vkSjksa ls D;k m/kj ys ldrk gSA02
bafnjk xka/h
Jh vjfcanks
lqdjkr
dSyk'k lR;kFkhZ
MkW- Hkhejko vEcsMdj
fujarj fodkl thou dk fu;e gS vkSj tks O;fÙkQ [kqn dks lgh fn[kkus ds fy, ges'kk viuh :f
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Address: 635, Ground Floor, Main Road, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi 110009
Phone No: 011-47354625/ 26 , 9205274741/42, 011-49274400
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0. Content Cover.pdf1. Articles.pdf2. Brain Booster.pdf3. MCQs.pdf4. News.pdf5. Mains Question.pdf6. Facts.pdf7. Quotes.pdf8. last page.pdf