DfE and Sustainable Development

8/14/2019 DfE and Sustainable Development

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DfE and Sustainable

Development


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DfE is designed to help companies adopt

environmental practices that will lead to a

more sustainable and healthier society.

Therefore, DfE both supports, and works

within, the context of other environmental

initiatives


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Sustainable Development

Industrial Ecology

Pollution Prevention (PP) Environmental Management Systems (EMS)

Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S)
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Sustainable Development

In 1987, the World Commission on

Environment and Development defined

Sustainable Development as:

"...development that meets the needs of

the present without compromising the

ability of future generations to meet their

own needs."


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Industrial Ecology

This term encompasses the practices ofscientists, engineers and manufacturers toachieve more sustainable industrial productionand consumption for local, regional andinternational economies by:

Examining the environmental costs of industrialproduction/consumption patterns.

Addressing the effects of invisible and persistenttoxic chemicals on the earth's ecological systems.


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The basic components of the

industrial ecology model

"In a sustainable society, durability and recycling will

replace planned obsolescence as the economy's

organizing principle, and virgin materials will be seennot as a primary source of material but as a

supplement to the existing stock."

Source: Lester R. Brown and Pamela Shaw. Six Steps

to a Sustainable Society, Worldwatch Paper No. 48.

Worldwatch Institute, Washington, 1982.


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Pollution Prevention (PP):

PP focuses on process and product

improvements in order to avoid

environmental problems before they

occur. It is economically and

environmentally superior to traditional

"end-of-pipe" controls or clean-up

strategies.


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PP during the manufacturing

process saves costs with regard to: Disposal.

Raw materials/consumables.

Ventilation equipment.

Maintenance-ducts, motors, balancing. Operations-internal "balancing."

Pollution prevention equipment.

Health-workers, protective equipment, training.

Regulatory compliance-approval fromgovernment.


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A number of measures can be

taken to prevent pollution during

manufacturingControl pollution at the source substitute materials change form of material to reduce emissions

Enclose the process prevent release, accomplished with sealed vessels and piping

Suppress emissions water sprays--dusty processes or liquids gaseous--gas blanket

Change the process entirely degreasing--from chlorine-based to high-pressure steam soldering--from traditional acid etching/fluxes/lead to different base

materials, VOC-free fluxes, lead-free solder


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Environmental Management

Systems (EMS):

EMS such as ISO 14001 are

organizational approaches to facility

environmental evaluation and

management. Except in cases of legal

compliance, an EMS does not set or

demand specific levels of performance in

relation to product or process design.


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Hierarchy and realm of

application for PP, DfE and EMS


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EMS benefits are

Cost savings from greater efficiency inprocesses, waste reduction, materials andenergy use.

Increased ability to meet customer/supplierrequirements.

Greater competitive advantage.

Regulatory compliance and reduced liability.

Improved community relations. Greater company appeal for investors.

Increased employee pride and morale.


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EMS and product designkey elements When product design is

included

Commitment from top management forimproved environmentalperformance

Senior management responsiblefor environmental effects ofproducts

Policy statement outlining commitment Refers to products/services

Summary and supporting data ofenvironmental effects of current andplanned projects

Includes aspects of product lifecycle that company controls:

suppliers

product design product use end-of-life phase


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Lanjutan

Summary of regulations Includes product-relatedenvironmental regulations

Objectives, targets and programsfor continuous improvement

Include product design where relevant

Clearly defined environmentalresponsibilities for managers

Includes roles and responsibilitiesrelated to product

design/developmentAwareness training in

environmental issuesTraining for managers/designers

Performance monitoringprocedures

Monitoring of design process

Reviews of environmentalperformance by seniormanagement

Includes product aspects

Source: Product design and ISO 14001: A guide for environmental managers

and product designers, by Martin Charter and Tom Clark,

Centre for Sustainable Design, Surrey, UK, 1999.


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Occupational Health and Safety

(OH&S):

The DfE strategies provide support forprograms related to worker safety duringproduction, and worker health in terms of

material selection and use. DfE helps reduce: Need for in-plant emission controls.

Worker contact with physical or chemicalhazards.

Need for protective equipment.


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Linking the DfE Strategies to OH&S

Program Elements

DfE Strategy OH&SElements

Strategy 2: Physical Optimization2.1 Integrate Product Functions2.4 Easy Maintenance and Repair2.5 Modular Product Structure

ErgonomicsMaterial handlingSafety

Strategy 3: Optimize Material Use3.1 Cleaner Materials3.6 Reduce Material Usage

Material substitutionHazards materials

Strategy 4: Optimize Production4.1 Alternate Production Techniques4.2 Fewer Production Steps

4.4 Less Production Waste4.5 Fewer/Cleaner Production Consumables

Process substitutionChemical substitutionIndustrial housekeeping

Hazardous materialsSafety equipmentErgonomics

Strategy 5: Optimize Distribution5.1 Less/Cleaner/Re-usable Packaging5.3 Energy-efficient Logistics

Material substitutionMaterial handling/storage

DfE and Sustainable Development

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