Developmental Research Methods. Longitudinal Design studies the same group of individuals (usually...
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![Page 1: Developmental Research Methods. Longitudinal Design studies the same group of individuals (usually one age group) repeatedly over time (usually years).](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bfa71a28abf838c98b1b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Developmental Research Methods
![Page 2: Developmental Research Methods. Longitudinal Design studies the same group of individuals (usually one age group) repeatedly over time (usually years).](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bfa71a28abf838c98b1b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Longitudinal Design
• studies the same group of individuals (usually one age group) repeatedly over time (usually years).
![Page 3: Developmental Research Methods. Longitudinal Design studies the same group of individuals (usually one age group) repeatedly over time (usually years).](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bfa71a28abf838c98b1b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Longitudinal Design
MathTestScores
Age at testing 20 30 40 60 80 Year of testing 1930 1940 1950 1970 1990
• Example: A group of adults, ages 19-21, were studied for 60 years to determine age changes in mathematical ability.
![Page 4: Developmental Research Methods. Longitudinal Design studies the same group of individuals (usually one age group) repeatedly over time (usually years).](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bfa71a28abf838c98b1b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Types of Long-Term Studies
• Retrospective study – past history data
• Prospective study – longitudinal, no random assignment
• Randomized assignment study –longitudinal and experimental– random assignment to the study conditions – placebo-controlled, double-blind– e.g. drug trials
![Page 5: Developmental Research Methods. Longitudinal Design studies the same group of individuals (usually one age group) repeatedly over time (usually years).](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bfa71a28abf838c98b1b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Limitations of the Longitudinal Research Design
• Time and cost. Study takes a long time to complete and is usually costly.
• Selective attrition. Participants remaining at the end of the study may differ in important ways from those who drop out along the way.
• Repeated measurement. Effects of repeated study and measurement are difficult to assess.
![Page 6: Developmental Research Methods. Longitudinal Design studies the same group of individuals (usually one age group) repeatedly over time (usually years).](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bfa71a28abf838c98b1b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Cross-Sectional Research
• compares several groups of people who are different in age, but similar in other important ways at one point in time.
![Page 7: Developmental Research Methods. Longitudinal Design studies the same group of individuals (usually one age group) repeatedly over time (usually years).](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bfa71a28abf838c98b1b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Cross-Sectional Research
Example: Five groups of adults were studied (say in 2006) to determine age differences in mathematical ability.
19-23 years old N=100
29-31 years old N=107
39-41 years old N=100
56-64 years old N=95
76-84 years old N=58
0102030405060708090
100
20 30 40 60 80
![Page 8: Developmental Research Methods. Longitudinal Design studies the same group of individuals (usually one age group) repeatedly over time (usually years).](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bfa71a28abf838c98b1b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Limitations of the Cross-Sectional Research Design
• Cohort effects: a generational group is exposed to the same societal influences– confounded with age
![Page 9: Developmental Research Methods. Longitudinal Design studies the same group of individuals (usually one age group) repeatedly over time (usually years).](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bfa71a28abf838c98b1b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sequential Research Design
• combines cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, allows checking and adjusting for cohort effects.
Example: Three different longitudinal studies were conducted ten years apart to determine age and cohort differences in mathematical ability.