Development of private railways and Railway …ish urban planner Sir Ebenezer Howard in 1898 as a...
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053 052 【Chapter2】Evolution of the City Planning System Reconstruction following the Great Kanto Earthquake and World War II (1910s-1950s) Chapter 2 Before and after development of the Denenchofu area Incorporating European urban design concepts of the time, Denenchofu features tree-lined streets, which extend out radially from the sta- tion at the center. Integrated development with that of the railway also made Denenchofu a resi- dential area that offers easy access to central To- kyo. The living environment in Denenchofu has been preserved by the area residents themselves, man- aging their district independently through meth- ods such as neighborhood associations. This type of residential area development had a great impact on neighboring areas to become a model for development of Tokyo’s suburbs. (Left: 1917-1924) (Right: 1927-1934) Source: Konjaku Map on the Web, chronological topographic maps website Population density map (Areas with a population density of 50 people per hectare or more) Densely populated areas gradually spread. In particular, following the Great Kanto Earthquake, relocation of people who had lived in the city center up to that time increased, further advancing the expansion of ur- ban areas. Prepared from Nihon kindai toshikeikaku no 100 nen (100 years of mod- ern urban planning in Japan) by Yorifusa Ishida, Jichitaikenkyusha. View of Denenchofu The “garden city” concept was proposed by Brit- ish urban planner Sir Ebenezer Howard in 1898 as a form of a green, compact city that coexists with nature and is self-sufficient, providing hous- ing and employment to residents within a close radius. The concept greatly affected the develop- ment of residential areas worldwide, including Denenchofu. Source: Tokyu Corporation. Railway companies extend lines into the suburbs (Map of the railway network in the late 1920s) The Den-en Toshi Co., established in 1918, undertook development of many residential areas, including Senzoku and Denenchofu. The Meguro-Kamata Electric Railway Com- pany and Tokyo-Yokohama Electric Rail- way Company developed areas such as Me- guro, Ebara, Magome, and Tamagawa. The Odakyu Electric Railway Co., Ltd. devel- oped areas including Yoyohata, Setagaya, and Matsuzawa. And, the Seibu Railway Co., Ltd. developed areas such as Ochiai, Nogata, and Iogi. *The shoreline in the map is as of 1951 fol- lowing World War II. Prepared from Tokyo-to Kotsukyoku 60 nen shi (60-year history of the Bureau of Transportation, Tokyo Metropolitan Gov- ernment), Bureau of Transportation, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, and Tokyo-ko no hensen (Changes in Tokyo Port), Kanto Regional Development Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tour- ism. Phase Three of the Iogi Land Readjustment Association Project (1927-1933) The Iogi Land Readjustment Association, headed by the town’s mayor Hide- goro Uchida, carried out Tokyo’s largest prewar land readjustment project be- tween 1925 and 1935. The project was carried out over an 888 hectare stretch of land including the Zenpukuji, Igusa, and Nishiogi districts of Suginami-ku. Source: Yorifusa Ishida. Nihon kindai toshikeikaku no 100 nen (100 years of modern urban planning in Japan), Jichitaikenkyusha. Above map: 1:25,000 scale of, Tanashi. Below map: Iogi tochikukakuseiri kumiai shi (Publication of the Iogi Land Readjustment Association). Iogi-machi View of Iogi-machi, where the Iogi land readjustment project was under- taken. Source: Tokyo toshikeikaku gaiyo (Overview of Tokyo city planning). City of Tokyo, 1937. Tamagawa Electric Railway Tamagawa Electric Railway Keihin Electric Railway Company Keihin Electric Railway Company Tokyo-Yokohama Electric Railway Company Tokyo-Yokohama Electric Railway Company Meguro-Kamata Electric Railway Company Meguro-Kamata Electric Railway Company Ikegami Electric Railway Ikegami Electric Railway Tokyo Rapid Railway Co. Tokyo Rapid Railway Co. Nishi-nippori Nishi-nippori Odakyu Electric Railway Co.,Ltd. Odakyu Electric Railway Co.,Ltd. Kichijoji Kichijoji Seibu Railway Co.,Ltd. Seibu Railway Co.,Ltd. Oji Electric Railway Oji Electric Railway Tojo Railway Tojo Railway Musashino Railway Musashino Railway Keio Electric Railway Keio Electric Railway Keisei Electric Railway Keisei Electric Railway Joto Electric Railway Joto Electric Railway Present-day 23 Special Wards of Tokyo Shinagawa Ikebukuro Shinjuku Shibuya Kita-senju Shimbashi Tokyo Ueno Meguro Hamamatsucho Akihabara Nippori Mitaka Ogikubo Oji Akabane Nakano Oimachi Mizonokuchi Kinshicho Kanamachi Motoyawata Ichikawa Matsudo Shin-koiwa In operation by 1909 Service launched in the 1910s Service launched in the 1920s 0 5km From the Taisho era to the beginning of the Showa era, the private sector advanced development of Tokyo’s suburbs to accommodate a growing population, as well as the migration of people from central Tokyo following the Great Kanto Earthquake. Many railway companies actively developed residential areas along their lines, including development of the Senzoku area in 1922 and Denenchofu area in 1923 by the Den- en Toshi Co., and the Tokiwadai area by Tobu Railway Co., Ltd. Some of the residential areas developed at the time are well known as upscale residential areas even today. With completion of the Ueno-Tokyo section in 1925, operations began on the entire loop of the Yamanote Line. As a result of Tokyo’s suburbs at the time becoming increasingly residential, Shinjuku, Ikebukuro, Shibuya, and other stations on the Yamanote Line developed into terminals with connections to private railways. And, the private railway lines developed into key lines within Tokyo’s transportation network. Development of private railways and the Tokyo suburbs Land readjustment by land owners ◉ With regard to development of residential areas in the suburbs, land readjustment was mainly carried out by land owners, developing nearly a quarter of the land in the ward area. The achievements of the Iogi Land Readjustment Association (Iogi Town) and Association for the Readjustment of All Arable Land in Tamagawa (Tamagawa Village), which received approval in 1925, are well known. Both large-scale residential land development projects, which encompassed the entire town and village respectively, were precious early examples of quality residential land development. 04-Development of private railways and the Tokyo suburbs
Transcript of Development of private railways and Railway …ish urban planner Sir Ebenezer Howard in 1898 as a...
053052 【Chapter2】Evolution of the City Planning SystemReconstruction following the Great Kanto Earthquake and World War II (1910s-1950s)
Chapter 2
Before and after development of the Denenchofu areaIncorporating European urban design concepts of the time, Denenchofu features tree-lined streets, which extend out radially from the sta-tion at the center. Integrated development with that of the railway also made Denenchofu a resi-dential area that offers easy access to central To-kyo.The living environment in Denenchofu has been preserved by the area residents themselves, man-aging their district independently through meth-ods such as neighborhood associations.This type of residential area development had a great impact on neighboring areas to become a model for development of Tokyo’s suburbs.(Left: 1917-1924)(Right: 1927-1934)Source: Konjaku Map on the Web, chronological topographic maps website
Population density map (Areas with a population density of 50 people per hectare or more)Densely populated areas gradually spread. In particular, following the Great Kanto Earthquake, relocation of people who had lived in the city center up to that time increased, further advancing the expansion of ur-ban areas.Prepared from Nihon kindai toshikeikaku no 100 nen (100 years of mod-ern urban planning in Japan) by Yorifusa Ishida, Jichitaikenkyusha.
View of DenenchofuThe “garden city” concept was proposed by Brit-ish urban planner Sir Ebenezer Howard in 1898 as a form of a green, compact city that coexists with nature and is self-sufficient, providing hous-ing and employment to residents within a close radius. The concept greatly affected the develop-ment of residential areas worldwide, including Denenchofu.Source: Tokyu Corporation.
Railway companies extend lines into the suburbs (Map of the railway network in the late 1920s)The Den-en Toshi Co., established in 1918, undertook development of many residential areas, including Senzoku and Denenchofu. The Meguro-Kamata Electric Railway Com-pany and Tokyo-Yokohama Electric Rail-way Company developed areas such as Me-guro, Ebara, Magome, and Tamagawa. The Odakyu Electric Railway Co., Ltd. devel-oped areas including Yoyohata, Setagaya, and Matsuzawa. And, the Seibu Railway Co., Ltd. developed areas such as Ochiai, Nogata, and Iogi.*The shoreline in the map is as of 1951 fol-lowing World War II.Prepared from Tokyo-to Kotsukyoku 60 nen shi (60-year history of the Bureau of Transportation, Tokyo Metropolitan Gov-ernment), Bureau of Transportation, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, and Tokyo-ko no hensen (Changes in Tokyo Port), Kanto Regional Development Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tour-ism.
Phase Three of the Iogi Land Readjustment Association Project (1927-1933)The Iogi Land Readjustment Association, headed by the town’s mayor Hide-goro Uchida, carried out Tokyo’s largest prewar land readjustment project be-tween 1925 and 1935. The project was carried out over an 888 hectare stretch of land including the Zenpukuji, Igusa, and Nishiogi districts of Suginami-ku.Source: Yorifusa Ishida. Nihon kindai toshikeikaku no 100 nen (100 years of modern urban planning in Japan), Jichitaikenkyusha. Above map: 1:25,000 scale of, Tanashi. Below map: Iogi tochikukakuseiri kumiai shi (Publication of the Iogi Land Readjustment Association).
Iogi-machi View of Iogi-machi, where the Iogi land readjustment project was under-taken.Source: Tokyo toshikeikaku gaiyo (Overview of Tokyo city planning). City of Tokyo, 1937.
Tobu Railway Co., Ltd.Tobu Railway Co., Ltd.
Tamagawa Electric RailwayTamagawa Electric Railway
Keihin Electric Railway CompanyKeihin Electric Railway Company
Tokyo-Yokohama Electric Railway CompanyTokyo-Yokohama Electric Railway Company
Meguro-KamataElectric Railway CompanyMeguro-KamataElectric Railway Company
Ikegami Electric RailwayIkegami Electric Railway
Tokyo Rapid Railway Co.Tokyo Rapid Railway Co.
Nishi-nipporiNishi-nippori
Odakyu Electric Railway Co.,Ltd.Odakyu Electric Railway Co.,Ltd.
KichijojiKichijoji
Seibu Railway Co.,Ltd.Seibu Railway Co.,Ltd.
Oji Electric RailwayOji Electric Railway
Tojo RailwayTojo Railway
Musashino RailwayMusashino Railway
Keio Electric RailwayKeio Electric Railway
KeiseiElectric RailwayKeiseiElectric Railway
Joto Electric RailwayJoto Electric Railway
Present-day23 Special Wardsof Tokyo
Shinagawa
Ikebukuro
Shinjuku
Shibuya
Kita-senju
Shimbashi
Tokyo
Ueno
Meguro
Hamamatsucho
Akihabara
Nippori
MitakaOgikubo
Oji
Akabane
Nakano
Oimachi
Mizonokuchi
Kinshicho
Kanamachi
MotoyawataIchikawa
Matsudo
Shin-koiwa
In operation by 1909
Service launched in the 1910s
Service launched in the 1920s
0 5km
From the Taisho era to the beginning of the Showa era, the private sector advanced development of Tokyo’s suburbs to accommodate a growing population, as well as the migration of people from central Tokyo following the Great Kanto Earthquake. Many railway companies actively developed residential areas along their lines, including development of the Senzoku area in 1922 and Denenchofu area in 1923 by the Den-en Toshi Co., and the Tokiwadai area by Tobu Railway Co., Ltd. Some of the residential areas developed at the time are well known as upscale residential areas even today.
With completion of the Ueno-Tokyo section in 1925, operations began on the entire loop of the Yamanote Line. As a result of Tokyo’s suburbs at the time becoming increasingly residential, Shinjuku, Ikebukuro, Shibuya, and other stations on the Yamanote Line developed into terminals with connections to private railways. And, the private railway lines developed into key lines within Tokyo’s transportation network.
Development of private railways and the Tokyo suburbs
Land readjustment by land owners
◉ With regard to development of residential areas in the suburbs, land readjustment was mainly carried out by land owners, developing nearly a quarter of the land in the ward area. The achievements of the Iogi Land Readjustment Association (Iogi Town) and Association for the Readjustment of All Arable Land in Tamagawa (Tamagawa Village), which received approval in 1925, are well known. Both large-scale residential land development projects, which encompassed the entire town and village respectively, were precious early examples of quality residential land development.
04-Development of private railways and the Tokyo suburbs
