Development of Engineering Sector in Bangladesh - · PDF fileDevelopment of Engineering Sector...
Transcript of Development of Engineering Sector in Bangladesh - · PDF fileDevelopment of Engineering Sector...
Development
of Engineering
Sector in
BangladeshProf Munaz Ahmed Noor
Pro-Vice-Chancellor
National University and Prof
Department of Civil
Engineering BUET
Bangladesh - Youngest South
Asian Nation
Progressing from war devastation in 1971. Atraditionally agrarian economy, to a Textile and readymade Garment powerhouse of the world. Mixed economy.
On track to achieve MDG’s
Largely food secured
Noticeable Rural development and poverty reduction
Labour or capital intensity is evolving into knowledge intensity.
ICT is the vehicle of the knowledge economy
A Growing economy
GDP growth rate more than tripled
Food production increased three-fold
Population growth rate declined from around 2.9% to 1.4% per annum from 1974 to 2013
Life expectancy at birth increased 71(2014) from 42(1971)
Upper MIC by 2021 and advanced economy by 2041
Once ‘bottomless basket case’ in early 1970s is now is a ‘model for economic development’
GDP per Capita [since 2006]
Theme21st century – human, social and economic progress through engineering. Focus is not to the new technology or innovation but how we are using it.
Bangladesh’s core competency lies in
transforming and brokering
innovations for local and
global consumption —
instead of merely inventing
new things just for the sake of
inventing them
Sectors in Development
Industry
Service
Agriculture
Engineering Education
Sector wise Contribution
Sector wise growth contribution
Service sector 49.3
Industry 31.99
Agriculture 18.7
Sector Wise labor force
Service 40
Industry 13
Agriculture 47
Shift of employment
Sub Sectors in Development
Industry
Manufacturing
Construction
Power, gas and water
Service
Transport, Information Communication
Agriculture
Machinery, Irrigation
Industry: Manufacturing
Contribution of Manufacturing
sectors to GDP growth
Number of establishments In 1973-74: 1427 no.
In 2013
Manufacturing Growth %
Share of large and small
manufacturing to GDP
Light engineering
Apprx. 40,000 enterprises; 89,632 employees
Market size: Tk 51,510 million (US$ 748.7 million) for local manufacturers
Provides support
Machinery and spares Parts - transport, agricultural & power sector
Consumer Items
Indigenous Mini Hydroelectricity
Mechanized brick crusher
Furniture Manufacturing, Ceramics, Leather
Light Engineering
80’s, duty free import of diesel engine driven
pumps for irrigation. Local innovative
technicians successfully made
boat engines using the driving power of these
diesel.
3-wheeler automobile from irrigation pump
engines. Such vehicles could provide cheap
transport for poor rural people
Light engineering
Motorcycle industry-Growth > 25%.
Potential to grab significant portion of
Asian market
Importers, assemblers, manufacturer
Bicycle industry – 7.5 % of total engineering
export. Starts in 1970
Light Engineering
Electrical switches and accessories
Compact florescent light (CFL)
Samsung is the global leader in Consumer
Electronics, mobile phones and imaging
technologies decided to set up a global
software R&D center in Dhaka
Semi-Conductor
Cell Phone Assembly
Product map
Industry: Manufacturing -
Shipbuilding
Productivity and labor cost
Shipbuilding orders
Industry: Construction
Cement
Cement installed capacity: 30 mn MT
Production: 18 mn MT
Before 2000 mostly imported
In 1971 two cement factories production
capacity were .29 mn MT
Steel
Steel installed capacity: 7 mn MT
Production: 4 mn MT
In 1971 one steel re rolling mill - 0.35 mn MT
Industry: Power, gas and
Water
Industry: Power
In 1971 installed capacity: 200 MW
At present: 10817 MW
Maximum generation in 2015: 7194 MW
Derated capacity March 2015: 10375 MW
Access to electricity 1971: 3%
At present 68%+
Per capita generation in 1971: 10.37 kWh
At present: 348 kWh
System loss in 1971: 30%
At present: 11.%
Distribution Line: At present 3,00,000 km
Nuclear power by 2018 1000 MW and by 2020
2000MW
2011
Per capita generation
Energy production
Kilogram of oil equivalent
Renewable energy
Renewable energy to reach 500 MW currently 80 MW installed. Sustainable and renewable energy development authority (SREDA) Micro hydropower plant : Barkal
Solar home system by IDCOL, UNDP, LGED and others.
Grameen sakti
Biogas
Biofuel: Briquette
Energy- mix : bio-mass fuel, commercial fuels & renewable energy technologies Brick burning-modern process
Cross border
Cross Border 500 MW
Industry: Water and
Sanitation
Water and sanitation late 1960s - Oral Rehydration Solution - reduce
diarrhea deaths of children under 5 by 86 % in 30 years. (260,000 in 1971 compared to 36,000 in 2004)
1970s - large-scale safe water supply
Overall safe water coverage is only 74 % because of naturally occurring arsenic contamination of groundwater. [MDG target 86%]
Sanitation coverage remains low at 56 %, [MDG target 60%]
Innovative approaches: community-led total sanitation and new management models for piped rural water supply
Service: Transport
Infrastructure
Padma Bridge Project
Metro rail
Bus rapid transit
Besides, the plans to construct smaller link
and approach roads, bridges, flyovers,
underpasses and tunnels,
PPP projects
Dhaka-Chittagong Access Control Highway
Dhaka City Elevated Expressway,
Dhaka-Narayanganj-Gazipur-Dhaka
Elevated Expressway
Rail
Total rout length: 2885 km
BG 507 km
MG 1785 km
DG 364 km
Formulation of BR Master plan is finished
Road
In 1971: 2500 km road network
At present: 21156 km road network
National Highway: 3812 km
Regional Highway: 4247 km
Number of Bridges: 4507
Number of Culverts: 13751
Many Mega Development projects are underway
Port
Five Container Terminal
Two sea ports
New Mooring Container terminal
Paira Sea port
Deep see port: Sonadia
Airline passengers
Service: Information
Technology
Information economy
Despite less developed countries, a pioneer
in reaching out to the larger population
through technology
Mobile phone penetration one of the highest
in the developing economies with a
teledensity of over 75%.
Internet penetration rate is estimated to be at
7% - with most people using mobile internet
Over 2.1 million Facebook users
Internet users
Mobile phone subscribers, in millions
Information economy -
Outsourcing
Bangladeshi outsourcing pioneers comprises less complex projects
Data Processing
Software Development
Graphics design,
Website development,
Mobile content development,
2D/3D animation,
Desktop publications and
Call centers.
Agriculture: Machinery
Agriculture
Triple rice production 40 yrs since
independence
Green Revolution technology with chemical
fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation, credit,
product procurement, storage, and
marketing facilities
Irrigation - Treadle Pump, AWD method,
Buried Pipe Irrigation,
Agricultural machinery and
spares
Pumping of water for irrigation buried pipe water distribution systems rubber dams to trap river water for irrigation
high speed rotary tillers and power tiller operated seeders
BARI developed 100% maize shelling is done by maize sheller
bed maker cum seeder
Urea Super Granule (USG) Applicator
rice-wheat thresher, open-drum thresher, wetland weeder and winnower
Agriculture - Adaptation to
impacts of climate change
Zero or minimum tillage crop and system
Char land
Modified sorjan system (zuzubi garden) with vegetable cultivation
Cultivating foxtail millet (koan)
Supplementary irrigation from mini ponds
Year-round homestead vegetable cultivation
Dhap Cultivation or Floating method
Aquaculture
Saline resistant crop
Fibre
Jute: Industrial Application
Jutin, for example, is an innovative building
material based on jute fiber and which is
lightweight, heat-insulating, and rust-proof
Bio-composite
Geotextile
Engineering Education
At Present
Public University 35
Private University 80+
Public Engineering University 5 + IUT
Polytechnic College: Govt 50+ Non Govt 90+
Engineering College 9+
Technical and vocational institution Govt 248
Non Govt 3518
In 1971
Public University 6
Private University Nil
Public Engineering University 1
Polytechnic College: G-17 NG-Nil
Engineering College G-4
Technical and vocational institute G-58 NG-Nil
Conclusions
Noticeable progress in the last 45 years. This Growing economy will in future.
Talented youths and cheap labor forces are the main strength.
Focus on
heavy industry and ITES.
power, energy, SDG and climate change resilience.
reducing gap between R&D and industry
quality and future looking education
Thank you