Development of 10 MeV, 6 kW Linacs and Radiation ... 02/Jishnu Dwivedi... · PSMCT BPM MESUREMENT...
Transcript of Development of 10 MeV, 6 kW Linacs and Radiation ... 02/Jishnu Dwivedi... · PSMCT BPM MESUREMENT...
Jishnu Dwivedi – On behalf of RRCAT team
Development of 10 MeV, 6 kW Linacs and
Radiation Processing Facility at Indore
1. Objectives
2. Details of Radiation Processing Facility (ARPF),
3. Beam, accelerator and process requirements,
4. Overall current status
5. Plans to be pursued
These points will be presented in this talk.
Outline
Introduction
1. Develop 10 MeV rugged indigenous accelerators for societal application
2. Develop beam delivery systems for various applications
3. Develop associated systems for bulk radiation processing (process interrupt handling, energy filter,…)
4. Demonstrate technical suitability of the indigenous accelerators for various societal applications
5. Demonstrate economic viability of indigenous accelerator technology for Indian societal applications
Objectives
RRCAT has developed two 10 MeV, 5 kW electron linacs for electron beam radiation
processing. The linacs have been endurance tested for several hundred hours of operation.
RRCAT is developing a Radiation Processing Facility at Indore Fruits & Vegetable Market using
these linacs. Beam trials with the first linac are in process. Second linac is planned to be
installed later this year (2018).
The facility has a product handling system, dosimetry system, and all the necessary
infrastructure for demonstrating radiation processing using the electron linacs.
Several applications of the electron beam will be demonstrated.
Medical
sterilization
Microbial
hygienation
Phytosanitary
irradiation
Mutation
breeding
10 MeV Electron Linac based Radiation Processing Facility at Indore
1. The ability to double break DNA strands in living organisms such as cells, bacteria and insects making them sterile. • Radiotherapy for treatment of cancer,
• Disposable medical product sterilisation and antiseptic packaging
• Live insect elimination in food,
• Disinfection of the spices and herbs without fumigation,
• Quarantine for fruit flies /weevil in fruit,
• Fungus treatment in food – Salmonella, Listeria,
• E-coli elimination in foods.
2. Ability to penetrate with precisely determinable scattering • X-ray imaging for NDT, Cargo scanning, Medical imaging
3. Ability to form free radicals and form new bonds • Cross linking of polymers, curing, breakdown cellulose
• Waste water treatment and Dye elimination
• Flue gas treatment
4. Ability to produce mutation for mutation breeding of crop varieties
Properties of electron beam/x-rays which make them usable
However, an appropriate radiological shielding is required for protection
Targeted Radiation Processing Applications at the Facility
Radioactive source
like Cobalt-60
Electron Accelerator
applications
Imaging Radiotherapy Surface processing < 3 MeV Bulk processing
10 MeV
Food cans Medical sterilization Quarantine - Fresh
fruit Insect
Disinfestation
pulses, dried food
Municipal waste
treatment
microbial
decontamination
Spices, herbs
Delay ripening
1. Beam parameters. • Adjustable beam energy 7 MeV / 9.5 MeV
• Low energy spread
• High beam power (viability begins at ~ 50 kW)
2. Linac requirements • High stability, efficiency, reliability, robust
• Energy filter to eliminate particles higher than regulatory limits
• Low O&M costs and quick recovery after maintenance
3. Process requirements • Ability to handle process interrupt without discarding the product,
• Log the process data and store process data for long time.
• Qualification and routine dosimetry,
• Develop process compatible product packaging.
• Incoming and outgoing product testing and certification.
Important requirements for bulk radiation processing
1. Accelerators is operated within the stipulated limits and with high stability,
reliability and data logging.
2. The “packed” product is loaded onto the conveyor in the product hall and it is
automatically moved to the accelerator vault.
3. The product passes with controlled speed in front of the beam.
4. A “process-interrupt handling system” is used to handle accelerator trips without
discarding the product.
5. Processing of one box typically takes 1 to 5 minutes. The packaging or the box
need not be opened.
6. No radioactivity is involved.
How Radiation Processing is done with Accelerator
Linac-B1
Linac-B Linac-C
Type, Frequency 2π/3, Traveling Wave, 2856 MHz
Beam energy (max.), MeV 10 and 7.5
Beam Pulse Current, mA 200 350 / 475
Energy spread 10% 7% (for 90% particles)
Beam Pulse Duration, s 10 10
Pulse Repetition Rate, Hz 300 300
Average Beam Power, kW 5 10
Current Status Developed In-process (Dec-2018)
Electron linac specifications
18 cell SUPERFISH
simulation - 5 MeV, 3 kW
9.5 / 7 MeV 10 kW
Cavities -
1 – prebuncher
5 – buncher
45 - regular
2D-Electromagnetic
design of Pre-buncher
cavity
Physics Design: 10 / 7.5 MeV Dual Energy 10 kW Electron Linac
Learning: Engineering designs and experiments
Numerous component performance tests and
beam experiments Conceptual and engineering designs
100
150
0 10 20 30 40 50
Ph
ase
ad
van
ce
Cavity number
Phase advance per cell measured using Bead-Pull method
The linac assembly consists of vacuum brazed ultra precision machined cells
Cell inspection dimensional and surface High precision machining
Leak testing Brazed RF coupler
Development of accelerating structure
Control rack Gun PS Klystron Gun Modulator
Linac-B1 with its subsystems under testing at RRCAT
Operating Parameters
Beam Power : 5 kW
Beam Energy : 9 MeV
Beam current : 270 mA
Pulse Width : 10 µs
Endurance test: 30 – 8 hr shifts
Shifted to ARPF after endurance testing at RRCAT
Linac-B1: 8-hour shift operation test
Linac-B1: Endurance test - 90 Hours non-stop operation
Linac-B2
Electron Gun Solenoids
Beam Monitor Electron window and target
Linac-B2 under qualification at RRCAT
• As per regulations, maximum electron energy < 10 MeV (< 7.5 MeV in x-ray).
BPM
Chromatic
magnet
BPM
PSM
BPM
MESUREMENT SLIT FARADAY
CUP SLIT
CT CT
Beam Diagnostics
Typical result of Beam Profile Measurement
Endurance test at 6 kW and short duration test at 9 kW
22 7/7/2018
Date of operation: 20-21, Dec 2017, Uninterruptedly for 32 Hrs.
10 AM Dec 20, 2017
6 PM Dec 20, 2017
2 AM Dec 21, 2017
10 AM Dec 21, 2017
6 AM Dec 20, 2017
Beam ON Time (Hrs.)
Endurance test Linac-B2: Nonstop 32 hrs. operation
Dosimetry
Dosimetry System
Alanine EPR Dosimetry
System
Dose Range:
0.05 to 50 kGy
Radiochromic
film dosimetry
systems
GaFchromic films
Dose range: 0.05-1 kGy
B3 films Dose range:
1 - 80 kGy
Alanine EPR dosimetry system Radiochromic film dosimetry system
Dosimetry Laboratory
Facility Commissioning – Expected 2018
ARPF Layout
Equipment room
Linac-B1 during installation
Electron beam Irradiation
Radiation Field Characterization
Energy measurement using RISO Al
wedge as per ASTM 51649
Surface dose uniformity along scan direction
Beam Parameters
Energy 9 MeV
SSD 20 cm
Conveyor
speed
0.5 m/min.
Scanning
parameters
8.0 A @
400msec.
±3% over the full box height = 43 cm
Do
se U
nif
orm
ity
stri
p
Experimental radiation processing Petri Dishes using 9 MeV e-beam
Volumetric DUR achieved in
sterilization of petri dishes
irradiated with electron
beam
Volumetric Dose Measurement as per AERB/RF-RPF/SG-1 (with LINAC-1)
Mutant breeding experiments done using Electron Beam
Mutation breeding in Groundnut seeds Mutation breeding in Rice
Conclusion
1. The dosimetric measurements indicate suitability of the developed linacs for medical sterilization (with process interrupt handling).
2. Beam trials with Linac-B1 at ARPF: Beam power of 4. 5 kW reached.
3. Linac-B2 will be installed in April-May 2018.
4. Testing of the overall integrated system as radiation processing facility to be conducted in coming months.
5. Approvals of the regulatory bodies to be obtained for radiation processing using Linac-B.
6. Using add-on components beam power and beam delivery systems of the two linacs will be improved.
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1. Accelerator & Beam Physics Section – Physics design
2. Accelerator Control Systems Division – Control system development
3. Accelerator Magnet Technology Division – Magnetic elements and collinear load development
4. Beam Diagnostics & Coolant Sys Division – Beam diagnostics and precision cooling system
5. Construction & Services Division – Radiological shielding and infrastructure systems
6. Design & Mfg Technology Division – Vacuum brazing and component manufacturing
7. Indus Operations & Alignment Section – Magnet Fiducialization and alignment
8. Industrial Accelerators Division – Facility design, Accel structure, beam experiments, dosimetry, processing
9. Laser Controls & Instrumentation Division – Search, secure & safety system; process interrupt
10. Power Converters Division – Scanning and magnetic supplies, HV measurements
11. Precision Power Supplies Division – Fire alarm and safety system.
12. Pulsed High Power Microwave Division – Electron gun and microwave system
13. Ultra High Vacuum Technology Section – Vacuum system
14. Health Physics Team – Radiation survey and Radiation Safety Duties.
15. RF Systems Division and Accelerator Physics Section for consultation on several technical matters
16. Indian Industries – for a large number of components for iterative developments
Acknowledgement