Developing the Smart Grid for Ireland

Katrina Polaski Head of Low Carbon Technologies Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland

•  The Imperative to Move to Smart Grid

•  Potential of Smart Grids for Ireland

•  Current Smart Grid Activity

Introduction

Why Move to a Smart Grid?

Electricity in Ireland Today Baseline – 2010

Electricity 17% of total final consumption

Current consumption – circa 24,000 GWh

2010 CO2 Levels = 475 kg CO2 / kWh (2005 CO2 Levels = 674 kg CO2 / kWh)

Max Demand = 5,090MW (Dec 2010)

Installed Dispatchable capacity = 6,829 MW (Dec 2010)

Installed Renewable 1789 MW (June 2011)

Energy Targets - 2020

by 2020: • 40% of electricity to come from renewable sources • 10% of transport energy to be renewable and 10% of passenger vehicles to be electric • 20% increase in energy efficiency

...and

CO2 Reduction Target 20% by 2020 in the Non-EU ETS sector

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

MW

Renewable Electricity Capacity (MW)

Hydro Onshore Wind Offshore wind Biomass Wave

Renewable Electricity to Meet the RES-E Target of 40% per NREAP

Current RES-E capacity 1789

•  Market and system operation changes •  Curtailment of variable renewables •  Demand side participation •  Interconnection •  Storage •  Gas cycling •  Coal cycling

IEA GIVAR project identifies importance of flexibility in operating systems with large amounts of variable renewables

Sources of Flexibility in Electricity Systems

Longer Term Targets

Targets - 2050: 80% Reduction in energy related CO2 emissions National targets post 2020 are expected

TIMES forecasts for meeting 80% reduction by 2050 Electricity to be 30% of total final consumption Effective decarbonisation of electricity (emissions < 21 kg

CO2 / kWh)

Ireland 2050: 80% Energy Emissions reduction target

Requires electricity carbon intensity to decrease from 475g/kWh to 21g/kWh

Potential of Smart Grids for Ireland

Smart Grid Potential

Smart Grid enables: Peak demand reduction Demand management Feedback on energy usage Reduced line losses Greater efficiency in network operations Integration of variable generation (renewable, micro-

generation) Greater distributed generation and aggregation Facilitation of electric vehicles Enabling smart appliances

Ireland’s Unique Characteristics

•  Small, Advanced Electricity System –  Relatively small isolated system –  40% renewable challenging –  New operational strategies and

market mechanisms required •  Single Electricity market

–  One market –  One transmission system operator –  One distribution system operator –  One great opportunity

•  ICT Infrastructure –  IBM, Cisco, Ericsson, Google, Intel … –  proven record

•  Research Structure –  Focus on industry partnership –  Electricity Research Centre, IERC…

•  Innovative Smart Grid Companies –  Software development –  Energy services –  Network technologies

Ireland’s Businesses and People

System Operation to Net Load

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

00:0

0 00

:45

01:3

0 02

:15

03:0

0 03

:45

04:3

0 05

:15

06:0

0 06

:45

07:3

0 08

:15

09:0

0 09

:45

10:3

0 11

:15

12:0

0 12

:45

13:3

0 14

:15

15:0

0 15

:45

16:3

0 17

:15

18:0

0 18

:45

19:3

0 20

:15

21:0

0 21

:45

22:3

0 23

:15

00:0

0

System Demand MW Wind Generation MW Net Demand

MW

Net Demand Monday 12/9/11

Electrification of Residential Heating

Electrification of Residential Heating Making Flexible Demand Available

Automated Demand Reduction

Projected Electricity Consumption by Sector (TIMES)

Projected Electricity Generation Mix (TIMES)

Emissions: Business as usual - forecast

21 g CO2 / kWh

Effect of 80% Energy Emissions Reduction - Generation

Effect of 80% Reduction – Generation Emissions

12.5 Mt CO2

7.7 Mt CO2

Smart Grid Road Map Actions – Short term

up to 2020 •  National roll out of Smart Meters (by 2018)

–  Introduction of Time of Use Tariffs (static)

–  3% reduction in electricity demand –  > 10% reduction at peak times

•  40% renewable electricity target met •  10% Transport energy from electricity

•  Develop market structures enabling demand participation •  Develop “Demonstration Test Bed” •  Develop system operation programme to enhance system flexibility •  Consideration of 20% Residential thermal loads from electricity

Smart Grid Road Map Actions – Medium term

2020 - 2030 •  Eirgrid 25 complete

•  Interconnection with UK and European Markets

•  Dynamic Time of Use Tariffs operational

•  Home and office automation

•  Increasing electrification of transport and heat

•  Increased storage – electric and heat, central and distributed

2050 •  Electricity > 30% of total final consumption (17% currently) •  > 80% Electricity from renewable sources

Current Smart Grid Activities

Smart Grid – Activities

•  CERs national smart meter trials complete in 2011: SEAI managed the customer behavioural aspect; ESBN managed technology trials; ESBI delivered CBA

•  The trails, the most comprehensive of their kind, were nationally representative and found that:

•  Electricity meters, in combination with time of use tariffs, detailed consumer information (IHDs, usage statements etc) will deliver consumption savings of over 3% overall and over 11% at peak times

•  In addition, reductions in electricity related CO2 emissions of 110,000 tons would be achieved annually

•  Gas meters, in combination with seasonal pricing and detailed consumer information would deliver a 3% reduction in overall consumption

•  Cost Benefit showed largely positive value from neutral to several hundred millions national savings with rollout of smart meters

Smart Meter Trial

Additional Trials Underway

•  ESB Networks –  Smart Meter technology trials – GPRS, PLC, RF (urban/rural) –  Distribution connected wind operation –  EV trial testing impact of EVs on LV network –  Green Circuits – island demos of operational/continuity/efficiency

improvements

•  SEAI Aran Islands Wind to Wheels Project –  8 EVs delivered to the 3 Aran Islands –  Programme for managing charge time to optimise wind generation from

wind farm already existing on Islands

•  SEAI Sustainable Energy Communities –  Follow on from Dundalk 2020 HOLISTIC programme –  Opportunity for additional metering and test bed development in

communities chosen or Dundalk

Smart Regulation

CER and NIAUR published Demand Side Vision for 2020 –  Identifies high priority opportunities for demand side options

•  Energy efficiency •  Smart meter systems with Dynamic Time of Use Tariffs •  Home and Office Automation •  Industrial and Commercial DSM •  Storage of heat

–  Priority Actions •  Trading and Settlement Code review of market modifications to

encourage demand side participation •  Review with TSOs pricing of ancillary services with a view to promote

demand response •  Monitor introduction of Time of Use tariffs •  Encourage adoption of smart appliances •  Monitor network needs to ensure networks are capable of facilitating

EVs

Smart Grids are not mandated by any of the existing targets or policies in place. Rather they will enable us to meet our existing and future targets in a system efficient manner, maximising our use of zero carbon renewables by adding flexibility to our system with electricity, heat and transport demand that can be shifted to periods when the renewable resource is available.

Ireland is a good place to do this if we turn our disadvantages to advantages and provide a coordinated opportunity for technology and trial and demonstration.

The Smart Meter Trials are a good example of a cooperative approach, outputs will be interesting and provide lots of fodder for further research. Additional trials are underway and further opportunities are there to be developed.

Conclusions

Thank You

www.seai.ie/renewables/Smart_Grids

katrina.polaski@seai.ie

Joe Durkan Smart Grid Programme Manager Joe.Durkan@seai.ie