ARIADNE is funded by the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme

Developing common European archaeological concepts through extending

the CIDOC CRM within ARIADNE

Martin Doerr1, Gerald Hiebel1,2 1Center for Cultural Informatics, Institute of Computer Science

Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas 2University of Innsbruck, AB Vermessung und Geoinformation

Introduction

• Infrastructures and services for sharing archaeological documentation need a common understanding of the underlying concepts of documentation

• ARIADNE defined as standard the CIDOC CRM

• Main concepts of the CIDOC CRM

• Extensions of the CIDOC CRM with its central concepts

– CRMgeo – Spatiotemporal information – Cultural Geosemantics

– CRMsci – Scientific observation - InGeoClouds

– CRMarchaeo - Archaeological investigations – Ariadne

– CRMdig - Provenance of digital information – 3D Coform

3

The CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model

The CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model – A collaboration with the International Council of Museums

– An ontology of 86 classes and 137 properties for culture and more

– With the capacity to explain hundreds of (meta)data formats

– International standard since 2006 - ISO 21127:2006

Serving as: – intellectual guide to create schemata, formats, profiles

– A language for analysis of existing sources for integration/mediation

“Identify elements with common meaning”

– Transportation format for data integration / migration / Internet

CIDOC CRM – Main Concepts

location

based on ICS-FORTH February 19, 2002

Actors

Physical Things

Types

refine

participate in

at

refer to

affect

Information Objects

Places Time Spans

Ap

pe

llati

on

s

Albert

Events

Medieval miners

Medieval mining

Bronze Age Mining

Bronze Age miners

Archaeologists

Historians

Excavation, Documentation

& Measurement

Remains of Bronze Age mines

Evidence from all mining

Remains of Medieval mines

Historical Sources

Example of Mining History in Austria (Tyrol)

Characteristic

mines Images and illustrations with courtesy of the Research Center HiMAT, University of Innsbruck

Actors

Physical Things

Information Objects

Events

Actors

Physical Things

CRMgeo – Spatiotemporal information

• Integration of Geoinformation and CIDOC CRM

Place

Phenomenal Places derive their identity through events or physical things over the spacetime volume that they occupy

Declarative Places derive their identity through Geometric Place Expressions

Declarative Places may approximate Phenomenal Places

Physical Things Events

Phenomenal Place

(13,41 48,33,….)

Geometric Place Expression

Declarative Place

Spacetime Volume

Characteristic

mine

CRMgeo - Phenomenal Places

Bronze Age Mines

Physical Thing

Spacetime Volume

Phenomenal Place

Real Lifetimespan of Bronze Age Mine

Phenomenal Time Span

CRMgeo - Declarative Places

Prospection activities

Physical Thing

Declarative Places

Historical Sources: Mine in rock formation, Topographic Map

Phenomenal Place

Spacetime Volume

approximate

(13,41 48,33,….)

Geometric Place Expressions

Digital Elevation models - LIDAR

CRMsci - Scientific Observation

• Creation of Physical Things

• Model scientific observation and inference making

• Introduces matter without stability of form

Amount of Matter

Physical Things Physical Genesis

Observation

Inference making

Events

CRMsci – Genesis, Observation, Inference

Dendrochronological or C14 Measurements

Observation

2710±35BP 2780±35BP

from 900 to 870 BC

Declarative Time Span

Inference making

Bronze Age

Mining

Events

Inference making

Physical Things

Physical Genesis

Inference making

Observation

CRMarchaeo – Archaeological Extension

• Relation of Physical Genesis, involved matter and archaeological investigation

Physical Genesis

Constellation of Matter

Stratigraphic Unit

Stratigraphic Unit

Stratigraphic Unit Surfaces

Amounts of Matter

Excavation Process Unit Excavation Excavation Process Unit

Excavation Process Unit

CRMarchaeo – Archaeological Extension

Excavation

Observation: Geophysical Methods

Surfaces

Amount of Matter

Excavation Process Unit

Excavation Process Unit

Excavation Process Unit

Physical Objects

Observation: Survey, Chemical Analysis,….

Information Objects

Inference making Physical Genesis

Constellation of Matter

Stratigraphic Unit

Stratigraphic Unit

Stratigraphic Unit

CRMdig – Digital provenance

• Creation of information objects/digital objects through the measurement/observation of physical objects

• Provenance of digital objects through measurement/observation and processing chains

Events Information Objects

Physical Things

Digital Measurement Event

Digital Object

Software Execution

Digital Object

CRMdig – Digital provenance Physical Things

Digital Measurement Event

Software Execution

Digital Object

Digital Object

Software Execution

Software Execution

Digital Objects

Conclusion

• CIDOC CRM with its extensions is able to provide a common understanding of the underlying concepts of documentation within the ARIADNE Infrastructure

• Combine models for historic events (CIDOC CRM) and research documentation investigating historic events (CRMsci, CRMgeo, CRMarchaeo, CRMdig)

• Build use cases applying the models to the archaeological documentation in different countries to test models and improve if necessary

Acknowledgement

ARIADNE is a project funded by the European Commission under the Community’s Seventh Framework Programme, contract no. FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2012-1-313193.

Part of the presented research has been funded within the Marie Curie Actions—Intra-European Fellowships (IEF) Funding scheme under project number 299998.

The views and opinions expressed in this presentation are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission.

Work in collaboration with the Research Center HiMAT, University of Innsbruck

Thank You