DEVELOPING BLACK OAT CULTIVARS FOR FLORIDA DAIRIES · Black oat entries included CI6858, SAI SELN,...
Transcript of DEVELOPING BLACK OAT CULTIVARS FOR FLORIDA DAIRIES · Black oat entries included CI6858, SAI SELN,...
DEVELOPING BLACK OAT CULTIVARS FOR FLORIDA DAIRIES
Introduction Black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) is a cool-season annual grass that
has Mediterranean origin and has been used in Europe for centuries
Black oat is also successfully used in the southern portion of SouthAmerica, in regions with similar latitude than Florida
Compared to annual ryegrass or other cool-season small grains,black oats are more heat tolerant and disease resistant
Black oats are not cold hardy, but they are recommended for theUSDA Plant Hardiness Zones 8b-10a, which includes most of Florida
Objectives
Conclusions In South Florida (RCREC-Ona), black oats were better than other small grains
(rye, oat, triticale) and annual ryegrass. In Central (UF Dairy in Gainesville andNorth Florida Holstein in Bell) and North Florida (Marianna), black oats hadsimilar productivity than the most productive oat (Legend 567) and other smallgrains/annual ryegrass.
In Ona, the plant introduction (PI) CI7280 showed the best results, being apromising cultivar for future release.
Nutritive value of black oats is high, comparable to other cool-season forages.Average IVOMD ranged from 75 to 80% and crude protein from 20 to 24%.
During the Fall, no major diseases were identified in black oats. During thesummer planting, leaf spot (Bipolaris spp.) was observed not only in black oats,but in all cool-season forages planted.
Summer planting is also problematic regarding weed management and presenceof leaf spot. Fall planting seems more adequate for black oat establishment.
Best selections were included in regional trials in 2018-2019 season.
Methods
Jose Dubeux1, Ann Blount1, Stephen Harrison2, Lynn Sollenberger3, Joao Vendramini4, Cheryl Mackowiak1, Nicolas DiLorenzo1, Erick Santos1, David Jaramillo1, Liza Garcia1
The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance ofblack oat entries contrasting with other cool-season grasses in fourlocations in Florida
Experiment conducted at UF/IFAS North Florida Research and Education Center (NFREC) - Marianna; North Florida Holstein – Bell, UF Dairy – Gainesville, and RCREC – Ona
Black oat entries included CI6858, SAI SELN, CI7280, CD3280, SAIA2, SAIA4, PI436103, PI436109, and Soil Saver
Cool-season controls included the following oats: Legend 567, Horizon 201, FL0720, and Cosaque; In addition, we also added Triticale, cereal rye, and annual ryegrass controls
Response variables included herbage accumulation and nutritive value (crude protein and IVOMD)
Plots measured 1.5 x 3 m; planting date was 9/30/2016; fertilization with 336 kg ha-1 of 10-10-10 at planting; RCBD with 4 blocks
Plots were harvested twice in Bell and Gainesville, three times in Ona, and four times in Marianna, at 10-cm stubble height, with application of 56 kg N ha-1 after each harvest
Statistical Analysis• Data analyzed using PROC Mixed from SAS, and LSMEANS
compared using PDIFF adjusted by Tukey’s test (P < 0.05)o Fixed effects included forage entryo Random effects included blocks; Sites analyzed separately
¹University of Florida North Florida Research and Education Center, Marianna, FL; 2Louisiana State University – LSU AgCenter 3Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. 4University of Florida Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL
Results
Site
Treatment Marianna Ona Gainesville Bell
-------------------------- kg DM ha-1 -------------------------
CI6858 (black oat) 4800 2759 5820 3733
SAI SELN (black oat) 4810 2073 --- ---
CI7280 (black oat) 5040 3432 5760 3627
CD3280 (black oat) 5160 2539 5620 4107
SAIA2 (black oat) 5640 2940 --- ---
SAIA4 (black oat) 4580 2216 5460 3840
PI436103 (black oat) 4740 2370 --- ---
PI436109 (black oat) 4740 2785 --- ---
Soil Saver (black oat) 5180 2452 6620 3227
Cosaque (oat) 5760 2496 --- ---
Legend 567 (oat) 6500 2131 6220 4187
Horizon 201 (oat) 6300 2374 --- ---
FL0720 (oat) 5820 2654 --- ---
FL08128 (triticale) 5500 2142 --- ---
FL01143 (triticale) 6340 1762 --- ---
Trical 342 (triticale) 5400 2204 --- ---
FL401 Cereal Rye 5420 2166 --- ---
Earlyploid Ryegrass 6440 1715 --- ---
Standard Error 437 386 405 425
Table 2. Herbage accumulation of black oats and other cool-season forages across different locations in Florida
Figure 1. USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 8b-10a (USDA-ARS-NSDL, 2005)
Figure 2. Seed increase of black oat experimental lines in Marianna, FL 04/02/2018. Photo credit: Jose Dubeux
DESIGNATION NOTES TRAITS
CI 6858 Uruguay LATER, LEAFY,
SAIA SELN BRAZIL LATER, GOOD, LEAFY
CI7280 US - MD LATER, GOOD, LEAFY
CD3280 CANADA LATE, GOOD
CD8087 CANADA VERY LATE, LEAFY
SAIA2 ISRAEL GOOD, EARLY
SAIA4 ISRAEL GOOD, EARLY
PI436103 CHILE WINTER, LEAFY
PI436104 CHILE WINTER, LEAFY
PI436109 CHILE FACULT, MOD LATE, LEAFY
Table 1. Black Oats experimental lines
0100200300400500600700800900
1000
Black oats Others (Rye, Oat,Triticale, and ryegrass)
Herb
age
accu
mul
atio
n (k
g ha
-1ha
rves
t-1)
Ona
ab
Figure 4. Black oats compared with other cool-season forages at RCREC-ONA in 2016-2017
Figure 3. Harvest black oat trials in Marianna, FL.
ReferencesUSDA-ARS-NSDL. 2005. SoilSaver-A Black Oat Winter Cover Crop for the Lower Southeastern Coastal Plain. Conservation Systems Fact Sheet No. 01. Available at http://www.ars.usda.gov/ SP2UserFiles/Place/64200500/csr/FactSheets/FS01.pdf (verified January 2014). USDA-ARS-NSDL, Auburn, AL.
Treatment IVOMD Crude Protein--------------- g kg-1 ---------------
CI6858 736 183SAI SELN 750 180CI7280 735 176CD3280 745 193SAIA2 745 190SAIA4 745 197PI436103 763 200PI436109 745 176Soil Saver 769 190Cosaque 809 175Legend 567 774 170Horizon 201 814 172FL0720 782 199FL08128 765 192FL01143 759 195Trical 342 748 187FL401 Cereal Rye 724 188Earlyploid Ryegrass 761 182
Standard Error 16 18
Table 3. Nutritive value of black oats and other cool-season forages in Marianna, Florida; data are averaged across four harvests