Developing a Nutrient Management Plan

for the Napa River Watershed

Group Members Vinod Kella Rebecca Kwaan Luke

MontagueLinsey Shariq Peng Wang

_̂

Napa River WatershedWatershed Characteristics

- Runs 55 miles from Mt. St. Helena to San Pablo Bay

- The area of watershed is 246 square miles

- 47 tributaries

- Mediterranean climate

- Designated water uses: recreational and habitat

- Provides habitat for Steelhead Trout and Chinook Salmon

San Francisco

Napa River Watershed

Pacific Ocean

TMDL ProcessClean Water Act - section 303(d)

- Develop action plans (TMDL) for impaired waters

Identify impairment

Source assessment

Linkage Analysis

Load allocation

Develop implementation plan

Develop numeric targets

Napa River TMDLThe Napa River watershed is listed as impaired by:

-Nutrients-Sediments -Pathogens

Excess nutrients cause eutrophication- Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia - Detrimental to habitat and recreational activites

Anticipated Nutrient TMDL Submittal- December 31, 2005

Source MapPotential sources for nutrient

loading are point and non-point sources such as:

- Fertilizers runoff from agriculture land uses- Effluent from wastewater treatment plant - Seepage from septic systems - Livestock runoff - Other natural sources

Legend

Agriculture

Main Cities

Septic Tanks

Streams

0 5 102.5 Miles

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#*

#*

#* #*#*

#*#*

#*#*#* #*#*

#* #*

#*

#*

#*#*#*#*

#*

#*

#*

2.1 ppm

Sampling Sites23 Sampling sites - TDN, TDP, Chlorophyll A - TDN – total dissolved nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium)

3 Sampling events - January, June, Nov 2003

Target Values - Winter – 1 ppm TDN - Summer - 0.2 ppm TDN(Drinking water std – 10 ppm)

2.41 ppm

3.27 ppm

1.41 ppm

±

Legend#* Sample Sites

Streams

Main Cities

January Hotspots

0 5 102.5 Miles

1.58 ppm

1.23 ppm

2.13 ppmJune Hotspots

Computer Modeling Why use models?

- Complex watershed processes can be simulated

Compare nutrient loading processes from two models- SWAT and WARMF

Calibrate models based on observed data- Ensure model simulations match local conditions- Gage Station- Water quality samples

Simulate potential load reduction scenarios

SWATSWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) - BASINS promoted by the EPA (Better Assessment Science Integrating point

and Nonpoint Sources)

BASINS inputs - Land use, soil, streams, elevation - Subbasins created to pinpoint significant source locations

SWAT Variables - Irrigation, fertilizer application, diversions, growing seasons

SWAT Variables

SWAT CalibrationMatch model hydrology with actual watershed flow data

Measured vs. simulated monthly streamflow at USGS gage station 11458000

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Jun-96 Jan-97 Aug-97 Mar-98 Oct-98 May-99 Dec-99 Jul-00 Feb-01 Sep-01 Apr-02

Date (month-year)

Str

eam

flow

(m

3/s)

Measured

Simulated

WARMFWARMF (Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework)

Load Allocation Options

Best Management Practices (BMP)

Agriculture- Expand riparian buffer zones- Fertilizer application management- Water runoff catchments

Septic Systems- Nitrate-Reactive Media "NITREX filter“- Recirculating Media Filter (RMF)

- 30 to 70% nitrogen removal

Waste Water Treatment Plants- Extend sewage systems’ sphere of influence- Lower nitrogen effluent levels

Future WorkFinish calibration

Run load reduction scenarios

Estimate BMP cost effectiveness

Develop nutrient reduction management plan

Acknowledgements

Special thanks to:

Peter Krottje of the San Francisco Bay RWQCBProject advisor Arturo KellerExternal advisors Patricia Holden and James Frew