DESKTOP TRAINING An Overview of ADHD

Developed ByJohn Avera, Jan Osier

Bavaria DistrictOctober 2006

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Many thanks to Sandi Sacco for sharing this important information!

ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)

BYSANDRA E. SACCO

SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTClick to move to the next slide…..

WHAT IS ADHD?

TYPES OF ADHD ADHD, Predominantly Inattentive ADHD, Predominantly

Hyperactive/Impulsive ADHD, Combined Type

THE ESSENTIAL FEATURE

Developmentally inappropriate

degree of inattention and/or hyperactivity-

impulsivity

CHARACTERISTICS OF ADHD (1 0f 3)

INATTENTION SITUATIONS WHERE SYMPTOMS

DISAPPEAR Novel, Interesting to child, intimidating,

and one-on-one DISTRACTIBILITY

Visual and Auditory Fantasy Distractors Somatic Distractors

CHARACTERISTICS OF ADHD (2 of 3)

IMPULSIVITY DIFFICULTY DELAYING

GRATIFICATION HYPERACTIVITY EMOTIONAL OVERAROUSAL

TEMPER HYPER SILLINESS

CHARACTERISTICS OF ADHD (3 of 3)

DISORGANIZATION

SOCIAL PROBLEMS: bossy, aggressive,low frustration tolerance

NON COMPLIANCE AGGRESSIVE: Defiance PASSIVE: Sloppy, forgetful

WHAT’S REALLY WRONG WITH AN ADHD CHILD: POOR SELF CONTROL

A NEUROLOGICAL DEFICIT IN ONE’S ABILITY TO INHIBIT BEHAVIOR WHICH LEADS TO: DIFFICULTY CONTROLLING IMPULSES

AND REGULATING ONE’S BEHAVIOR DIFFICULTY RESTRAINING IMPULSES

AND STAYING WITH A PLAN OR INSTRUCTION

THE IMPACT OF POOR SELF CONTROL ON ADHD CHILD Going with the flow - events

control child not the child controlling events

Controlled by promise of whatever seems rewarding at moment

Inconsistent work performance - high variability - controlled by events of moment

DEVELOPMENT OF INHIBITION - RELATED MENTAL ABILITIES FRONTAL PART OF BRAIN - GIVES

POWERS OF SELF CONTROL AND CAPACITY TO DIRECT OUR BEHAVIOR TOWARDS THE FUTURE

SELF CONTROL - 5 MENTAL PROCESSES OCCURRING IN FRONTAL PART OF BRAIN

Hindsight - forethought

Self directed Speech: Our mind’s voice and our self control Rule governed

behavior Problem solving

Separate Facts from feelings

Internalize motivation persistence, will power

Breaking apart (analysis) and Recombining Information (Synthesis)

CAUSES OF ADHD(Current Evidence) Deficiency in brain chemicals

called neuro-transmitters (dopamine and nor epinephrine)

Lowered activity in certain brain regions Lower Electrical Activity seen on EEG Less Blood Flow to certain brain

regions

PREVALENCE AND COURSE Age of Onset:

Usually before age 7 Before age 4 in about half of the

cases, but frequently not recognized until child enters school

Prevalence: 5% of children (2 million US children, about 1-2 in an average 30 student classroom)

PREVALENCE AND COURSESEX RATIO

Community:Hyperactive-Impulsive type : 3-4 males to 1 femaleInattentive type - 2 males to 1 female

Clinic: nine males to one female

COURSE OF DISORDER

70-80% persistence through adolescence

30-70% into adulthood

CORE DIFFICULTIESADHD affects all aspects of the child’s

life - emotional, social and academic Difficulties in inhibiting impulses in

social behavior and cognitive tasks Difficulties getting along with others

(poor socialization) School underachievement Poor self-esteem, secondary

COMMON FEELINGS FOR ADHD CHILDREN Irritation,

Impatience, Anger

Embarrassment about feeling ineffective

Confusion and Anxiety about Medication and Other Treatment Modalities

RELATED DIFFICULTIES 80% have academic performance

problems 25% are classified as having a

learning disability Higher rate of grade retention Non-compliance and aggression:

co-existing conditions - ODD, CD Disturbances in Peer Relationships

EFFECT ON SCHOOL Can’t sit still or concentrate Finds most work boring Does switch easily especially from

less structure (recess) to more structure

Blurts out inappropriate remarks frequently

RESULT: Underachievement

EFFECT ON HOME Enigma to parent Often the black sheep in family Constant disruptions Sibling Rivalry - Intense High rate of negative interaction Won’t let parent “parent” effectivelyRESULT: Maternal depression/lowered self

esteem

ADHD Look-Alikes Depression

Stress-induced Anxiety States

Biologically-based Anxiety Disorders

Child Abuse and Neglect

Bipolar Disorders Schizophrenia Other Medical

Disorders

Treatment Modalities Medication Social Skills Training Behavior Modification Parent-Child Education Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Individual,Family, Group Psychotherapy Parent Skills/Management Training School Based Considerations

SUMMARY ADHD is a neurological condition ADHD involves inattention,

distractibility, impulsivity and sometimes hyperactivity

ADHD affects all aspects of life: social, emotional, and academic

There’s a wide range of treatment modalities. Medication is the most common treatment. A multi-modal treatment plan is the most effective.

SOURCES All About Attention Deficit Disorder

(Video) by Dr. Thomas Phelan Slide Program by Dr. B. Vverberg,

Psychiatrist, RAF, Lakenheath, England

Taking Charge of ADHD- The Complete Guide for Parents by Russell Barkley

We hope you have gained some additional knowledge from this short PowerPoint presentation. THANK YOU for your support

of the students in the Bavaria District!

Jan and John