DESIGN OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT · To design the treatment process of water we need to know the...

DESIGN OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT

S.Rajesh1, P.mugilvani

2

Assistant Professor1,2

,Department of Civil Engineering 1,2

BIST, BIHER, Bharath University

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Now a day’s water scarcity is burning issue. As it is quite obvious that there is day to day

increase in population, the demand for water also increases to satisfy the needs of the community

there comes a necessity to redesign the existing treatment plants, or design the new treatment

plants. Redesign or design includes hydraulic design and process of treatment of water in the

plant. For hydraulic design of the plant, we need to forecast the population. We forecasted the

population by geometrical method.

To design the treatment process of water we need to know the properties of raw water.

The physical, chemical and biological properties of water have been determined. The method of

treatment of raw water is based on these properties.

We are designing the water treatment plant for pulivendula. The source of raw water is

Chitravathi River from here through canal the water is stored in nakkalapalli storage tank area of

the treatment plant 38600m2.

The properties of water changes based on its surface source. Average total water demand

on the particular area was estimated as 13MLD. The existing treatment plant has a capacity of

7.5MLD. The treatment plant which we are designing has a capacity of about8.5MLD

INTRODUCTION

Treatment system is installed for 2 reasons,

To remove Impurities that can cause disease

Impurities that create nuisances

The basic goal to prevent public health[8-15].

The common goal is to provide portable water that is safe to drink, pleasant in

appearance, pleasant in taste and order

Quality of water is described into 3 categories:

Physical

Chemical and

Biological

International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 119 No. 12 2018, 8939-8951ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.ijpam.euSpecial Issue ijpam.eu

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OBJECTIVES

Water was treated differently in various communities depends on quality.

Surface water need more treatment than ground water.

Some supplies also contain DISINFECTION BY- PRODUCT ( inorganic , organic

chemicals & radionuclides ).

Specified methods of controlling formation or removing them can also part of water

treatment[1-7].

Main objective is in addition to providing safe drinking water to your household you can

protect yourself & other from water born disease.

DETAILS OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT

Existing water treatment plant located at Pulivendula, Kadapa district, Andra Pradesh

Souce of water from Chitravathi river

Flow in existing treatment plant = 7.5MLD

Demand by 2011 census = 13MLD

Flow in designed treatment plant = 8.5MLD[16-24]

LAYOUT OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT

COAGULATION &FLOCCULATION

It is a first step in the treatment process.

Chemicals with +ve charges are added (+ve) charge=neutralize= (-ve) charges of dirt

and dissolved particles in the water.

Particles bind with the chemicals forms larger particles called floc,colloid.

Coagulants=>Alum , lime , Iron , & chromium

Coagulation= >Chemical & [25-32]physical techniques used to settle the particles

Flocculation= >High molecules materials which attract and

and trap and settle down the particles

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LAYOUT OF FLOCULATION TANK

DESIGN OF FLOCCULATION TANK

S.NO DESCRIPTION OBTAINED VALUE

1 DIMENSIONS OF TANK

2 (Dimeter of flocculation zone) 9m

3 (Diameter of clarifloculator) 20m

4 MAXIMUN BENDING MOMENT 18.77kNm

5 MAXIMUN SHEAR 13.29kN

6 MAXIMUM RING TENSION 75.98kN

S.NO STEEL FOR HOOP TENSION STEEL FOR BENDING

MOMENT

VERTICAL

REINFORCEMENT

1 Ast = 2409mm2 Ast = 600mm

2 Ast = 480mm

2

2 Spacing= 130mm Spacing = 200mm Spacing = 300

REINFORCEMENT DETAIL OF FLOCCULATION TANK


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DESIGN OF FOOTING(FLOCCULATION TANK


1 LOAD 19.33kN

2 SOIL REACTION 28.995kN/m2

3 DEPTH OF FOOTING 29.07mm

4 Ast 1204mm2

5 Spacing 100mm

6 Development length Ld 564.14mm

SEDIMENTATION

During sedimentation floc settles at the bottom of the tank because due to its weight .It may

be circular or rectangular in shape sedimentation process works

best with – dense particles (example = silt & minerals )

better with - lighter particles (example = algae & e.coli)

It should be big process it takes up to 4 hrs[33-38].

DESIGN OF SEDIMENTATION TANK


1 DIMENSIONS OF TANK (LENGTH) 36m

2 (BREATH) 7.3m

3 (DEPTH) 4.5m

4 PRESSURE INTENSITY(P) 35kN/m2

5 EFFECTIVE DEPTH(d) 485m

6 OVERALL DEPTH(D) D=500mm

L/b =1<2

Wall function as continuous slab


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REINFORCEMENT DETAIL OF SEDIMENTATION TANK

FILTRATION

Once the floc settled to the bottom of the water supply the clear water on the top will pass

to the filter of varying composition ( sand gravel / charcoal ) and pore sizes to remove dissolved

particles such as dust parasites bacteria virus & chemicals.

There are two types of filtration[39-45]. They are

Slow sand filter

Rapid sand filter

SLOW SAND FILTER

Slow sand filters are best suited for the filtration of water for small towns.

The sand used for the filtration is specified by the effective size and uniformity

coefficient .

The effective size, D10, which is the sieve in millimeters that permits 10% sand by

weight to pass[46-50].

The uniformity coefficient is calculated by the ratio of D60 and D10

PLAN OF FILTRATION


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DESIGN OF FILTRATION TANK


1 DIMENSIONS OF TANK (LENGTH) 6m

2 (BREATH) 4m

3 (DEPTH) 2.5m

4 PRESSURE INTENSITY(P) 17kN/m2

5 MOMENT @SUPPORT 39.67kNm

5 EFFECTIVE DEPTH(d) 120m

6 OVERALL DEPTH(D) 160m

S.NO DESCRIPTION LONG WALL SHORT WALL

MOMENT 36.8kNm 5.67kNm

DIRECT TENSION 51kN/m2 34kN/m

2


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SPACING 120mm 260mm

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF FILTRATION TANK

DESIGN OF FOOTING (FILTRATION TANK)


1 LOAD(Pu) 908.6kN

2 SIZE OF FOOTING 3.05m*3m

3 ULTIMATE DESIGN MOMENT 76.28kNm

4 EFFECTIVE DEPTH 170mm

5 OVERALL DEPTH 200mm

6 Ast 1550mm2

7 Shear (Vu) 100kN

STRAP BEAM



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1 LOAD(Pu) 135kN

2 ULTIMATE DESIGN MOMENT(Mu) 208kNm

3 SHEAR(Vu) 237kN

4 EFFECTIVE DEPTH(d) 500mm

5 OVERALL DEPTH(D) 525mm

6 Ast 1390mm2

7 Vus 129kN

Asv 201.06mm2

SPACING(Sv ) 280mm

ADVANCED WATER TREATMENT

Reverse osmosis is the process of reversing the flow, forcing water through a membrane

from a concentrated solution to a dilute solution to produce filtered water. Reverse osmosis is

created when sufficient pressure is applied to the concentrated solution to overcome the osmotic

pressure.

MEMBRANE PROCESSES

Common membrane processes include ultrafiltration (UF), reverse osmosis (RO),

electrodialysis (ED), and electrodialysis reversal (EDR). These processes (with the exception of

UF) reduce most ions; RO and UF systems also provide efficient reduction of nonionized

organics and particulates. Because UF membrane porosity is too large for ion rejection, the UF

process is used to reduce contaminants.

CONCLUSION

Water is an essential and most available source on the earth, possibility of contamination

was high which may cause several impact on environment and living organisms .Ground water

has contaminated more when compared with surface water , hence water treatment plant has

become very essential & it has been constructed to prevent water contamination and several

advanced and improved techniques have been developed in treating water . Due to

industrialisation and rapid population growth water contamination and demand have increased,

hence it is essential to provide water treatment plant.

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