Design history & lineage ii
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Transcript of Design history & lineage ii
Design - History & Lineage II
Design
History & Lineage II
Jayne Hall - October
2009
Design - History & Lineage II
1865 Edouard de
Laboulaye has the idea
for the statue.
1886 - The
Statue of Liberty
is erected in
New York
Harbour,
designed and
created by Artist
and Sculptor
Frederic
Auguste
Bartholdi.
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Design - History & Lineage II
London Underground Roundel
and Font
In 1913 the Underground's publicity
manager, Frank Pick, commissioned the
typographer Edward Johnston to design a
company typeface.
The typeface came into use in 1917.
Gill Sans is a sans-serif typeface created by
Eric Gill, and published by the Monotype
Corporation between 1928 and 1930.
Design - History & Lineage II
History - Reform Movements
Housing reform
Child Labour
Education
Health
Trade unions
Arts and Crafts
Commercial design
Design - History & Lineage II
Reform - Garden Cities
Ebenezer
Howard's
Garden City
concept, 1898
Design - History & Lineage II
Reform - Garden Cities
as little like the overcrowded London of his
day as possible
public parks and private lawns
The roads are incredibly wide, 420 feet for
the Grand Avenue
radial rather than linear
Commercial, industrial, residential, and
public uses are clearly differentiated from
each other spatially
Design - History & Lineage II
Reform - Garden Cities
Letchworth is the World's first Garden City
designed by Ebenezer Howard in 1903
1920 saw the second garden city that he
designed, Welwyn Garden City
situated between Hatfield and Stevenage,
just east of the A1(M) motorway
Design - History & Lineage II
Reform - Garden Cities
Shopping
in
Letchworth
Design - History & Lineage II
History - Garden Cities
Howard‟s plans became the model for similar reforms on the continent
The first German
garden city was
built in 1909 in
Dresden-
Hellerau
Design - History & Lineage II
History - Reform MovementsCommercial Design & Social Reform
Industrial
Manufacturing
Function
Form
Use
Design - History & Lineage II
The Arts and Crafts Movement
Industrial Revolution separated
humans from their own creativity and
individualism
Environmental pollution
Alienating work environments
Poor quality mass production
Design - History & Lineage II
MORRIS, WILLIAM (1834-
1896), poet, artist,
manufacturer, and socialist
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The Arts and Crafts Movement
William Morris
Design - History & Lineage II
The Arts and Crafts Movement
William Morris
Morris saw industrialisation as
“a devlish capitalistic botch and an
enemy of mankind”
Design - History & Lineage II
The Arts and Crafts Movement
William Morris
Morris demanded „craftsmanlike‟
consumer goods on a high aesthetic level.
He used natural materials and clearly
structured forms
He has been called one of the first serious
environmental protectionists
Design - History & Lineage II
The Arts and Crafts Movement
William Morris
The Red House, 1859. Phillip Webb
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Design - History & Lineage II
The Arts and Crafts Movement
William Morris
Interior designed by Morris, Edward
Burne-Jones, and others
Morris & Co. came into existence
Solid furniture
Tasteful and natural textiles
Handpainted tiles
Stained Glass windows
Design - History & Lineage II
The Arts and Crafts Movement
Art Nouveau
German Werkbund
Bauhaus
British Utility furniture of World War II
Design - History & Lineage II
Art Nouveau
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Design - History & Lineage II
Design - Art Nouveau
England - Decorative Style
Belgium and France - Art Nouveau
Germany - Jugendstil (youth style)
Italy - Stile Liberty
Spain - Modernista
Design - History & Lineage II
Design - Art Nouveau
Art Nouveau strove for
“a comprehensive artistic reformation of
all areas of life”
Design - History & Lineage II
Design - Art Nouveau
According to Hauffe, 1998
“Internationally, Art Nouveau was a
reform Movement that must today be
accounted a failure.”
Design - History & Lineage II
Design - Towards Modernism
Glasgow School of Art
„Form Follows Function‟
Deutsche Werkbund
Frank Lloyd Wright
AEG
Design - History & Lineage II
Towards Modernism
Glasgow School of Art
Group of Architects and Artists
Influenced by Japanese aesthetics
Used Primarily Black and White
Used ornament sparingly
Geometric Forms
Graceful Lines
Design - History & Lineage II
Glasgow School of Art
Charles Rennie Mackintosh
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Charles Rennie
Mackintosh, Chairs.
c1897
Design - History & Lineage II
Glasgow School
of Art
Charles Rennie
Mackintosh
Library interior, Glasgow School
of Art
Architect: Charles Rennie
Mackintosh
Photograph: H. Snoek (1970)
Source: RIBA British
Architectural Library
Photographs Collection
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Design - History & Lineage II
Towards
Modernism
Glasgow
School of
Art
ITC Rennie Mackintosh, Phill
Grimshaw
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Design - History & Lineage II
Towards Modernism
Form Follows Function
Louis Henry Sullivan 1856-1924. U.S.
architect
„the father of modern U.S. architecture‟
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“Form ever follows Function..”
Design - History & Lineage II
Towards Modernism
Form Follows Function
Hauffe, (1998) in relation to design and
manufacture sums it up as
“the simplification of form with improved
usability, higher quality and a fair price.”
Design - History & Lineage II
Towards Modernism
German Werkbund
Explicitly designed for modern industrial
production
Sought reform of industry
Sought to enable co-operation between
art, industry and handcrafts
Strongly influenced modernism
Design - History & Lineage II
Towards
Modernism -
German
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Deutsche Werk bund
Exhibition Poster, 1914.
Design - History & Lineage II
Towards
Modernism -
German
Werkbund QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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Reduziert, praktisch, schlicht: die Werkbund Wohnwelten. (Foto: 1930, Bauhaus Archiv, Berlin)
Design - History & Lineage II
Towards
Modernism
- German
WerkbundQuickTime™ and a
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Gropius & Meyer
the Werkbund
Pavilion Cologne
1914.
Design - History & Lineage II
Towards Modernism
Frank Lloyd Wright
American Architect
Worked with Louis Sullivan
Considered the house an artistic whole
First to employ reinforced steel
construction
Open plan living
Notion of machine/factory produced
housing
Design - History & Lineage II
Towards Modernism
Frank Lloyd Wright
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Taliesin West,
built in the
mid-1930‟s,
Arizona Desert
Design - History & Lineage II
Towards Modernism -
German electronic Company
Manufactured products for industry and
the home
Forward thinking
Latest machinery
Rationalised methods of production and
organisation
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Design - History & Lineage II
Towards Modernism -
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AEG
Factory,
Germany
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Design - History & Lineage II
Towards Modernism -
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AEG S75408G8 Fridge
Freezer Stainless Steel,
£899
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AEG C41022GM Cooker
Stainless Steel, £1,855.68 -
2,499.99
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Design - History & Lineage II
Towards Modernism -
Peter Behrens hired to develop advertising material
By 1907 assumed responsibility for all of the company‟s design
Revolutionised the
company‟s image
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Design - History & Lineage II
Design - History
1900 - Sigmund freud publishes „The
Interpretation of Dreams’
1909 - Marinetti first futurist manifesto
1913 - Henry Ford, 1st automobile
assembly line in Detroit
1914 - Beginning of World War I
1916 - Einsteins Theory of Relativity
Design - History & Lineage II
The Avant-Guarde
Russian Revolution
De Stijl
The Bauhaus
International Modernism
Design - History & Lineage II
The Avant-Guarde
Russian Revolution -1917Avant-guarde artists saw a chance for social reform
Wassily Kandinski
Vladimir Tatlin
Alexander Rodchenko
El Lissitzsky
Design - History & Lineage II
The Avant-Guarde
Russian Revolution
Newspapers
Book covers
Posters
Street decoration
Theatre design
Design - History & Lineage II
The Avant-Guarde
Russian Revolution
Soviet propaganda poster „Shout‟ c 1920, Alexander
Rodchenko
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Design - History & Lineage II
The Avant-Guarde - De Stijl
Radical New movement in the Netherlands
Painters, Architects and sculptors
Journal established entitled „De Stijl‟
Platform for theories and manifestos
Piet Mondrian original member
Joined later by dadaists Hans Arp and
Kurt Scwhitters
Design - History & Lineage II
The Avant-Guarde - De Stijl
Piet Mondrian, 1920,
No. VI / Composition
No.II Oil on canvas
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Design - History & Lineage II
The Avant-Guarde
De Stijl
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Gerrit Rietveld, The Red -
Bleu chair c 1918
Design - History & Lineage II
The Avant-Guarde
De Stijl
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Yves
Saint
Laurent
c1965
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Dunk Low
Premium SB,
Mondrian
edition, 2008
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Design - History & Lineage II
The Avant-Guarde
The Bauhaus
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Design - History & Lineage II
TASK - for Thursday
Read the text entitled Bauhaus
Make notes and highlight any interesting
points for discussion in the seminar
session
Conduct any wider research you may feel
necessary to familiarise yourself with the
style of the movement
Design - History & Lineage II
TASK - for Thursday
Find a contemporary image/object that you
feel has been influenced by any of the
movements mentioned so far
Bring image/object and all notes to
seminar group for discussion
Design - History & Lineage II
Design - History
1918 - End of world War I
1919 - Bauhaus Manifesto
1920 - Women granted the vote in USA
1921 - Coco Chanel introduces the perfume Chanel No 5
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Design - History & Lineage II
The Avant-Guarde
International Modernism
Initially concerned with architecture
Concerned with volume of space
Clarity of design free of all decoration
rectilinear forms; light, taut plane surfaces
Moved on to furniture and other products
Exude clarity, transparency and elegance
Design - History & Lineage II
The Avant-Guarde
International Modernism
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The Kaufmann house
by Richard Neutra,
1946. Photograph,
Poolside at dusk by
Julius Shulman,
1947.
Design - History & Lineage II
The Avant-Guarde
International Modernism
Interior of Farnsworth
House in Illinois, by
Mies van der Rohe,
1945-51
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Design - History & Lineage II
The Avant-Guarde
International Modernism
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Marcel Breuer,
Wassily Chair,
1927-28
Design - History & Lineage II
The Avant-Guarde
International Modernism
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The Le Corbusier
Chaise, designed in
1928
Design - History & Lineage II
The Avant-Guarde
International Modernism
Alvar Aalto Chair, 406
1935-39
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Design - History & Lineage II
Design - History
1929 - The Wall Street Crash marks the beginning of the Great Depression
1933 - Hitler becomes chancellor in Germany, and Nazi takeover begins
1937 - Pablo Picasso Paints Guernica
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Picasso,
Guernica,
1937
Design - History & Lineage II
To Be Continued…….
Design - History & Lineage II
TASK - for Thursday
Read the text entitled Bauhaus
Make notes and highlight any interesting
points for discussion in the seminar
session
Conduct any wider research you may feel
necessary to familiarise yourself with the
style of the movement
Design - History & Lineage II
Task for Thursday
Find a contemporary image/object that you
feel has been influenced by any of the
movements mentioned so far
Bring image/object and all notes to
seminar group for discussion