Design Characteristics of APR1400 Safety Injection System ... 2... · Vienna, November 19-22, 2013...
Transcript of Design Characteristics of APR1400 Safety Injection System ... 2... · Vienna, November 19-22, 2013...
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0 APR1400
Design Characteristics of APR1400 Safety Injection System
RD&D of Advanced Design Features of APR1400 SIS
Code Validation for APR1400 LBLOCA Analysis
IAEA INPRO DF-7
Vienna, November 19-22, 2013
Kim, Han-Gon
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1 APR1400
1. INPRO UR 4.2
2. Design Characteristics of APR1400 Safety Injection System (ECCS)
3. INPRO Evaluation
• Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for DVI
• Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for Passive Fluidic Device
• Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.2 for Safety Injection System
4. Summary
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1. INPRO Criteria for RD&D
Safety Basic Principle BP4 (RD&D)
� The development of INS shall include associated
research, development and demonstration work to bring
the knowledge of plant characteristics and the capability
of analytical methods used for design and safety
assessment to at least the same confidence level as for
existing plants
� User Requirements (UR)� UR4.1 Safety Basis
� UR4.2 RD&D for understanding
� UR4.3 Pilot plant
� UR4.4 Safety analysis
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1. INPRO Criteria for RD&D
INPRO UR 4.2 and CR 4.2.1 ~ 4.2.3
UR4.2 RD&D for understanding CR4.2.1 RD&D
Research, Development and
Demonstration on the reliability of
components and systems, including
passive systems and inherent safety
characteristics, should be performed
to achieve a thorough understanding
of all relevant physical and
engineering phenomena required to
support the safety assessment.
IN4.2.1: RD&D defined and
performed and database developed?
CR4.2.2 computer codes
IN4.2.2: Computer codes or
analytical methods developed and
validated?
CR4.2.3 scaling
IN4.2.3: Scaling understood and/or
full scale tests performed?
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4 APR1400
� Comparison of OPR1000 vs. APR140� Direct Vessel Injection (DVI) vs. Cold-leg injection� 4 Train vs 2 Train (Physically, electrically independent train)� No cross-tie between train : easy maintenance� No Low Pressure SIPs by adoption of Fluidic Device in SIT� No recirculation mode change by adoption of IRWST
CONTAINMENT
S/G S/GR
V
SIT
SIT
SIT
SIT
HPSIP
HPSIP
LPSIP
LPSIP
<2 Train CLI Safety Injection System>
Sump
RWST
CONTAINMENT
IRWST
S/G S/GRV
SIT
SIPSIT
SIP
SIT
SIP
SIT
SIP
<4 Train DVI Safety Injection System>
2. Design Characteristics of APR1400 Safety Injection System (ECCS)
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(1) DVI
(2) CLI
Coldleg
45
o45
o
45
o45
o
180o0o
270o
90o
2. Design Characteristics of APR1400 Safety Injection System (ECCS)
� Injection Location� OPR1000 : 60 degree at RCP discharged leg� APR1400 : reactor vessel (83” above CL)
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6 APR1400
� Safety Injection Tank (Accumulator)�Role : Refill reactor vessel lower plenum rapidly during early
phase of LBLOCA� Initial Condition : Pressurized to ~40bar by Nitrogen gas, 1800ft3
(51m3) for APR1400�Problem : Too much water to fill lower plenum
� Passive fluidic device in SIT� Utilize SIT water more efficiently to remove LPSIP
2. Design Characteristics of APR1400 Safety Injection System (ECCS)
Conventional SIT+LPSIP
flowrate
Ideal SIT w/ FD flowrate
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7 APR1400
� Principle : Vortex resistance� Water level higher than stand pipe elevation ���� rectangular flow direction ���� small vortex resistance ���� high discharge flow
� Water level lower than stand pipe elevation ���� tangential flow direction ���� large vortex resistance ���� small discharge flow
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Dis
ch
arg
e F
low
rate
, kg
/s
Time, sec
FD-II(b)-C-HH-1
FD-II(b)-C-HH-2
FD-II(b)-C-HH-3
2. Design Characteristics of APR1400 Safety Injection System (ECCS)
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3. RD&D for APR1400 Advanced Safety Features
UR4.2 RD&D for understanding
Research, Development and Demonstration on the reliability of components
and systems, including passive systems and inherent safety characteristics,
should be performed to achieve a thorough understanding of all relevant
physical and engineering phenomena required to support the safety
assessment.
� APR1400 has advanced safety design features compared to current PWRs� Safety Injection System� IRWST and Sparger� POSRV and Rapid depressurization system� IVR-ERVCS for severe accidents� Modern MMIS
� Among them, RD&D for following two features are evaluated in this meeting� Direct Vessel Injection (DVI) in Safety Injection System (SIS)� Passive Fluidic Device in Safety Injection Tank (SIT)
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3.1. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for DVI
CR4.2.1 RD&D
IN4.2.1: RD&D defined and performed and database developed?
CR4.2.3 scaling
IN4.2.3: Scaling understood and/or full scale tests performed?
� RD&D Evaluation of CR 4.2.2 (Computer Code) will be presented separately
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10 APR1400
� Multi-dimensional phenomena in downcomer during LBLOCA refloodphase such as ECC Bypass, Sweep-out, Steam Condensation, etc
� Quantification of bypass rate for design and licensing
Technical issues in DVI design
3.1. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for DVI
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11 APR1400
Classification of the Tests
� Direct ECC Bypass (DEB) Test
� Some of injected water is bypassed to the broken cold leg by fast steam flow during reflood phase of LBLOCA
� Steam-water interaction at the upper downcomer region
� Void Height Test : DEB + Sweep-out
� Fast steam flow sweep-out the water accumulated in the lower downcomer.
� Downcomer water level is maintained lower than cold leg elevation (Void Height) ���� Water head is reduced ����Reflooding rate can be reduced
ECC Bypass Mechanismduring the Reflood Phase
3.1. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for DVI
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12 APR1400
DVI Test Matrix
Test Facility
� 1/7 Scale SET : ‘DIVA’ Facility, APR1400, Air-Water
� 1/5 Scale SET : ‘MIDAS’ Facility, APR1400, Steam-Water or Air-Water
� 1/288 Scale IET : ‘ATLAS’ Facility, APR1400, Steam-Water
Test CaseTest
ScaleMajor Parameters
of Interests Test Objectives
SET
Air-Water Test
1/7 •ECC Bypass Mechanism
•Direct ECC Bypass (DEB)
•Void Height (VH)
•ECC Bypass Fraction
� Phenomena Understanding
1/5 � Condensation Effect
Steam-Water Test
1/5•DEB, VH
•ECC Bypass Fraction
•Condensation/Subcooling
�Parameter quantification
�Code Validation
�
IETSteam-Water Test
1/288
•Core behavior
•ECC Bypass Fraction
•Condensation/Subcooling
�Parameter quantification
�Code Validation
3.1. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for DVI
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13 APR1400
Test Facility (DIVA)
� Downcomer Injection Visualization and Analysis
� Downcomer Gap : 3.6 cm
� Test Sections : Transparent
� APR1400 : Linear Scale = 1 / 7.07
Sweep-out
(a) Vg = 15 m/s
(b) Vg = 25 m/s(b) Vl = 2.0 m/s
(a) Vl = 1.0 m/s
Liquid Film Spreading
1/7 Air-Water Test Facility (DIVA)
DIVA Facility
3.1. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for DVI
Storage Tank
Pump
Blower3
Blower1
Blower2Damper
Cold leg Din =0.108m
Hot leg Dout=0180m
DVI Nozzle Din =0.036m
Air Injection Line
CL1 CL2
CL3
Broken Cold Leg
Separator
Air Venting Line
Bypassed ECC Collection Tank
DVI1 DVI2
DVI3DVI4
Full Height, 1/50 Area ScaleGap size=0.036mDC 내경 = 0.582m
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14 APR1400
CL2
CL3
DVI1 DVI2
DVI3DVI4
HL1
HL2
Side - 4Side - 1
Side - 2 Side - 3
Side - 5
Side - 6
CL1
BC
CL1 BC
(a) side-1
HL1 CL1
(b) side-2
CL2 CL1HL1
(c) side-3
CL3 CL2
(d) side-4
HL2 CL3
(e) side-5
BC HL2
(f) side-6
Multi-dimensional PhenomenaObserved near the Cold Leg Elevation
� Major Hydraulic Phenomena� Gas jet impingement� Liquid Slug around the Gas Jet� Zero penetration zone (side-1) :
near the Broken CL� Local penetration zone (side-2&5) :
Hot leg blockage effect
� Flow Patterns in D/C� Cross flow : Downward liquid film
and Transverse gas flow� Co-current transverse annular
wispy flow� ECC penetration region
1/7 Air-Water Test : Visual Observations
3.1. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for DVI
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1/5 Steam-Water Test Facility (MIDAS)� Multi-dimensional Investigation in Downcomer Annulus Simulation
� Fluid : Steam-Water (Superheated or Saturated Steam) or Air-Water
� Test Sections : D/C Gap 51.8 mm, D/C Vessel I.D. 938.8 mm
� APR1400 : 1/ 4.93 Linear Scale (DVI I.D. 43.8 mm, CL I.D. 182 mm)
Core
UpperPlenum
Broken Cold leg
Direct
Bypass
Legend :
Water FlowSteam Flow
Lower
Plenum
Penetration
Accumulated
Water
Sweep-out
IntactCold leg
ECCInjection
ECCSTank
DVI-2
DVI-3
CL-4
HL-1
HL-2
DVI-4
Feedwater Tank
Drain
DVI-1
CLI-1
Steam Common Head
A
B
C
Core
SIT
HPSI
DRAIN
CL-2
CL-3
C
D
그림2 1차 계통 및 유로 배치 개념도
To Vessel
From Steam Common
Head
DrainDemiwater
Vessel Lower Plenum
Steam GeneratorHL1
HL1
HL2
B
DA B
C D
Drain
ContainmentTank
DRAIN
Form City Water
Steam/Water Separator
Steam Line
WaterLine
HL2
Downcomer
N2
3.1. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for DVI
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16 APR1400
Development of the ‘Modified Linear Scaling’ Methodology
Scaling Parameter
Volume Scaling
Linear Scaling
Mod. LinearScaling
D/C Height, loR 1 loR ����
D/C Dia., doR doR loR ����
Aspect Ratio,
lOR / doR
lOR / doR 1 ����
Area, aoR doR2 loR
2 ����
Volume, VoR doR2 loR
3 ����
Flow rate, moR VoR loR2 loR
5/2
Velocity, UOR 1 1 loR1/2
Time, tOR 1 loR loR1/2
Gravity, gOR 1 1 / loR 1
3.1. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for DVI
200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500
0.0
2.5
5.0
7.5
10.0
12.5
15.0
17.5
20.0
22.5
25.0
27.5
30.0
32.5
35.0
37.5
40.0
TIME(SEC)
WS
TM(K
G/S
)-T
RA
C R
esults for
KN
GR
KNGR Case
TRAC Results
Polynominal Fit
Steam Mass Flow for Each Cold Leg[kg/s]
200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
KNGR Case
TRAC Results
Polynominal Fit
TIME(SEC)
AV
ER
AG
E C
OLD
LE
G S
TE
AM
VE
LO
CIT
Y (
m/S
)
200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
1/4.93 SCALE
Scaled Mass Flow Rate
Polynominal Fit
WS
TM F
OR
EX
PE
RIM
EN
TS
(KG
/S)
TIME(SEC)200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
VS
TM F
OR
EX
PE
RIM
EN
TS
(m/S
)
TIME(SEC)
1/4.93 SCALE
Scaled Average Steam Velocity
Polynominal Fit
Steam Injection Velocitythrough Each Cold Leg[m/s]
APR1400(CodeAnalysis *)
TestCondition(MIDAS)Modif.LinearScalingApplied
� To keep ECC bypass phenomena, velocity scale is reduced by √2 from the original linear scaling
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17 APR1400
Direct ECC Bypass Test Results for APR1400
DEB Fraction vs. Wallis NumberDEB Fraction vs. Wallis Number
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Byp
ass F
ractio
n
j*
g,eff
DVI 2&4
Air/Water
Steam/Water
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0
20
40
60
80
100
Modified Linear Scaling
1/5 scale
DVI-4 Injection
DVI-2&4 Injection
1/10 scale(SNU)
DVI-2 Injection
DVI-4 Injection
DVI-2&4 Injection
Dir
ect
Byp
ass F
ractio
n (
%)
jg,eff
* (Characteristic Length: D
CL)
3.1. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for DVI
Steam/WaterAir/Water
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Void Height Test Results for APR1400
Void Height vs. Bypass Fraction
Mass Balance Error
Degree of Subcooling vs. Bypass Fraction
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Steam/Water Modified Linear Scaling
wg,cl
=0.15 kg/s x 3
wg,cl
=0.19 kg/s x 3
wg,cl
=0.26 kg/s x 3
wg,cl
=0.35 kg/s x 3
Subco
olin
g(o
C)
Bypass Fraction
Degree of Subcooling vs. Steam Wallis Parameter
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Steam/Water Modified Linear Scaling
wg,cl
=0.15 kg/s x 3
wg,cl
=0.19 kg/s x 3
wg,cl
=0.26 kg/s x 3
wg,cl
=0.35 kg/s x 3
Jg,eff
(m/s)
Sub
coo
ling(o
C)
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
Vo
id H
eig
ht
Bypass Fraction
Steam/Water Modified Linear Scaling
wg,cl
=0.15 kg/s x 3
wg,cl
=0.19 kg/s x 3
wg,cl
=0.26 kg/s x 3
wg,cl
=0.35 kg/s x 3
3.1. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for DVI
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0-1.0
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Steam/Water Modified Linear Scaling
Ma
ss B
ala
nce
Err
or
Bypass Fraction
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� Design Press. : 18.7 [Mpa]
� Design Temp. : 370 [Co]
� Height, Length scale : 1/2, 1/12
� Volume scale : 1/288
� Max. core power : 2MW
� Tests : LBLOCA, SBLOCA, SLB, FLB, SGTR, ATWS, TLOWF
LL LLTT TT-- --RR RR
PP PPVV VV-- --00 0044 44AA AA,, ,, BB BB
(4895)
LL LLTT TT-- --DD DD
CC CC-- --00 0011 11
(834)
P T -L P -0 1P T -L P -0 1P T -L P -0 1P T -L P -0 1
P T - U H - 0 1P T - U H - 0 1P T - U H - 0 1P T - U H - 0 1
P T -D C - 0 1P T -D C - 0 1P T -D C - 0 1P T -D C - 0 1
L O W E R L O W E R L O W E R L O W E R P L E N U MP L E N U MP L E N U MP L E N U M
C O R EC O R EC O R EC O R E
U P P E R P L E N U MU P P E R P L E N U MU P P E R P L E N U MU P P E R P L E N U M
U P P E R H E A DU P P E R H E A DU P P E R H E A DU P P E R H E A D
1905
721.6
771
2008.3
R P V - L ev el
T ra n s m itte rs
433
348
686
499.6
ID 317 .5 ID 40 8
t= 19 .0 5
t= 50
G a p =2 5.75
381.6
LL LLTT TT-- --DD DD
CC CC-- --00 0022 22
(834)
LL LLTT TT-- --
DD DDCC CC
-- --00 0033 33
(834)
LL LLTT TT-- --
DD DDCC CC
-- --00 0044 44
(834)
LL LLTT TT-- --DD DD
CC CC-- --00 0055 55
(590)
LL LLTT TT-- --
DD DDCC CC
-- --00 0066 66
(590)
LL LLTT TT-- --DD DD
CC CC-- --
00 0077 77 (
379)
5 4 .6
L T - L P - 0 1L T - L P - 0 1L T - L P - 0 1L T - L P - 0 1(1 49 .6 )
L T - C O -0 1L T - C O -0 1L T - C O -0 1L T - C O -0 1 (31 7)
L T - C O -0 2L T - C O -0 2L T - C O -0 2L T - C O -0 2 (31 7)
L T - C O -0 3L T - C O -0 3L T - C O -0 3L T - C O -0 3 (31 7)
L T - C O -0 4L T - C O -0 4L T - C O -0 4L T - C O -0 4 (31 7)
L T - C O -0 5L T - C O -0 5L T - C O -0 5L T - C O -0 5 (31 7)
L T - C O -0 6L T - C O -0 6L T - C O -0 6L T - C O -0 6 (31 7)
L T - C O -0 7L T - C O -0 7L T - C O -0 7L T - C O -0 7 (43 3)
LL LLTT TT-- --RR RR
PP PPVV VV-- --00 0022 22
(3061.5
)
LL LLTT TT-- --RR RR
PP PPVV VV-- --00 0011 11
(2910)
LL LLTT TT-- --RR RR
PP PPVV VV-- --00 0033 33
(5971.5
)
254
(t=50)
L T - L P - 02L T - L P - 02L T - L P - 02L T - L P - 02 (5 72 )
L T - U P - 0 1L T - U P - 0 1L T - U P - 0 1L T - U P - 0 1 (69 9)
L T - U H -0 1L T - U H -0 1L T - U H -0 1L T - U H -0 1 (59 5 .5 )
L T - U H -0 2L T - U H -0 2L T - U H -0 2L T - U H -0 2 (59 5 .5 )
L T - U H -0 3L T - U H -0 3L T - U H -0 3L T - U H -0 3 (72 3 .6 )
L T - U H -0 4L T - U H -0 4L T - U H -0 4L T - U H -0 4 (44 7 .9 )
u n it= m m
B O C R ECB O C R ECB O C R ECB O C R EC
R E F L O O D R E F L O O D R E F L O O D R E F L O O D S ta rt L e ve lS ta rt L e ve lS ta rt L e ve lS ta rt L e ve l
(5 34 )(5 34 )(5 34 )(5 34 )
T o F C V - L P - 0 1T o F C V - L P - 0 1T o F C V - L P - 0 1T o F C V - L P - 0 1
Integral Effect Test - ATLAS
� Test Facility
3.1. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for DVI
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ATLAS – APR1400 Integral Test Loop
SITSITSITSIT-2-2-2-2
SITSITSITSIT-1-1-1-1
SG -1SG -1SG -1SG -1 SG -2SG -2SG -2SG -2
R C PR C PR C PR C P-2A-2A-2A-2AR C PR C PR C PR C P-2B-2B-2B-2B
C DC DC DC D
M W TM W TM W TM W T
IR W STIR W STIR W STIR W ST
PVPVPVPV
C P/C P/C P/C P/H P SIP-1H P SIP-1H P SIP-1H P SIP-1
H PSIP -2H PSIP -2H PSIP -2H PSIP -2
H L-1H L-1H L-1H L-1C L-1BC L-1BC L-1BC L-1BC L-1AC L-1AC L-1AC L-1A
H L-2H L-2H L-2H L-2C L-2AC L-2AC L-2AC L-2AC L-2BC L-2BC L-2BC L-2B
SC H XSC H XSC H XSC H X
SC PSC PSC PSC P
M FW PM FW PM FW PM FW P
SD VSD VSD VSD V
C TC TC TC T
C TC TC TC T
P ZRP ZRP ZRP ZR
S LS LS LS LP SPP SPP SPP SP
NNNN 2 2 2 2 G asG asG asG as NNNN 2 2 2 2
G asG asG asG as
D VID VID VID VI- 1- 1- 1- 1
D VID VID VID VI- 4- 4- 4- 4
D VID VID VID VI- 3- 3- 3- 3 D VID VID VID VI
- 2- 2- 2- 2
Letdown
Letdown
Letdown
Letdown
C TC TC TC T
SITSITSITSIT-4-4-4-4
SITSITSITSIT-3-3-3-3
AFW P-2AFW P-2AFW P-2AFW P-2A FW P -1A FW P -1A FW P -1A FW P -1
C HC HC HC HM SIV-1M SIV-1M SIV-1M SIV-1
S V-2S V-2S V-2S V-2A D V-2A D V-2A D V-2A D V-2SV-1SV-1SV-1SV-1A D V-1A D V-1A D V-1A D V-1
M SIV-2M SIV-2M SIV-2M SIV-2
PSVPSVPSVPSV
C TC TC TC TSR PSR PSR PSR P
H PIPH PIPH PIPH PIPM W TM W TM W TM W T
C TC TC TC T
R C PR C PR C PR C P-1B-1B-1B-1BR C PR C PR C PR C P-1A-1A-1A-1A
A tm osphereA tm osphereA tm osphereA tm osphere
B SB SB SB S
C S (I)C S (I)C S (I)C S (I)
B SB SB SB S
C S(II)C S(II)C S(II)C S(II)
LC (I)LC (I)LC (I)LC (I) LC (II)LC (II)LC (II)LC (II)
S C H XS C H XS C H XS C H X
S C H XS C H XS C H XS C H X
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ATLAS Major Scaling Parameters
2
Parameters Scaling Law ATLAS Design
Length (Height) 1/2
Diameter 1/12
Area 1/144
Volume 1/288
Core T 1
Velocity
Time
Power/Volume
Heat flux
Core power 1/203.6
Rod diameter (core) 1
No. of rods (core) 1/144
Tube diameter (SG)
No. of tube (SG) 1/72
Flow rate 1/203.6
Frication factor 1
Pressure drop 1/2
ORl
ORd
2
ORd
2
ORORdl
ORT∆
2/1
ORl
2/1
ORl
2/1−
ORl
2/1−
ORl
2/12
ORORld
ORRD
2
ORd
RTD
22 −
RORTDd
2/12
ORORld
ORF
ORl
2/1
2
2/1
2/1
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ATLAS LBLOCA Test� Overview
� Automatic operation by a control logic
� LBLOCA reflood test using the ATLAS facility
� Direct simulation of the entire reflood period for APR1400
� Experimental objectives
� To provide reliable data to help in validating the LBLOCA analysis methodology for APR1400.
� Licensing issues for APR1400 are to be solved.
� Quantitative data with uncertainty will be provided with well-defined initial and boundary conditions.
� To understand and identity the major thermal hydraulic characteristics during the reflood phase of LBLOCA for APR1400.
� Tests are being performed at several typical APR1400 conditions.
3.1. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for DVI
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� ATLAS LBLOCA Reflood Test Matrix
Phase Classification Objectives Test No.
Phase 1 :
Parametric test during reflood
Effect on core cooling by major T/H parameters
Test No.1 ~ No.7
Phase 2 :
LBLOCA reflood testReflood test for DVI design Test No.8 ~ No.15
Test ID Experimental conditions
Test No.9(IET)
Design ConditionFrom Rx trip to late reflood
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� Summary of Events (Reflood Period)
Events Time (DAS)
Time (from reflood)
Description
Power Restart
1855 -57 After achievement of ICs
20s linear increase
SIT Injection
1910 -2 Max. T > 450oC (target: 456)
~1930 ~18 SIT-High Flow (94% ~ 72%)
~2033 ~121 SIT-Low Flow (72% ~ 47%)
RefloodStart
1912 0 2.0 s after SIT Injection
1.2*ANS-73 curve
HPSI Injection
1927 15 12.7 s after Reflood Start
Test End 2778.5 866.5 TW-DC-AVG < 115oC; DAS stop
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� System Pressure & DC Wall Temperature
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
0
2
4
6
8
10
100
150
200
250
300
p=0.5MPa
p=1.5MPa
Pre
ssu
re (
MP
a)
Time (second)
PT-PZR-01 (MPa)
PT-UH-01 (MPa)
PT-DC-01 (MPa)
PT-LP-01 (MPa)
trip
p=2.5MPa
vent
Power Restart
DC
Wa
ll T
em
pe
ratu
re (
oC
)
TW-DC-01A (oC)
TW-DC-02A (oC)
TW-DC-03A (oC)
TW-DC-04A (oC)
TW-DC-01B (oC)
TW-DC-02B (oC)
TW-DC-03B (oC)
TW-DC-04B (oC)
TF-DC-011 (oC)
TF-DC-021 (oC)
TF-DC-031 (oC)
TF-DC-041 (oC)
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� Variation of Selected Major Parameters
1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100
0
500
1000
1500
2000
1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100
0123451800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.0
1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100
01234567
1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800
0100200300400500600700
Pow
er
(kW
)
HP-CO-01 (kW)
HP-CO-02 (kW)
HP-CO-03 (kW)
Total Power (kW)
Pre
ssure
(M
Pa)
PT-SIT1-01 (MPa)
PT-SIT2-01 (MPa)
PT-SIT3-01 (MPa)
PT-SIT4-01 (MPa)
1. Power_Restart2. SIT - High Flow3. Reflood Start 4. HPSI Flow5. SIT - Low Flow
Flo
wra
te (
kg/s
)
QV-HPSI1-01 (Kg/sec)
QV-HPSI3-01 (Kg/sec)
QV-SIT1-01 (Kg/sec)
QV-SIT2-01 (Kg/sec)
QV-SIT3-01 (Kg/sec)
QV-SIT4-01 (Kg/sec)
1
3
25
4
Level (m
) LT-CO-07-I
LT-RPV-01-I
LT-RPV-03-I
LT-RPV-04a-I
LT-RPV-04b-I
Tem
pera
ture
(oC
)
Time (second)
TH-CO-08G11i
TH-CO-09G11b1
TH-CO-10G11b1
1086 mm from BOHL
1329 mm from BOHL
1517 mm from BOHL
1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800
100
150
200
250
3001800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800
0.000.050.100.150.200.250.30
1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800
0.00.20.40.60.81.0
Tem
pera
ture
(oC
)
TW-DC-01A (oC) TW-DC-02A (oC) TW-DC-03A (oC) TW-DC-04A (oC)
TW-DC-01B (oC) TW-DC-02B (oC) TW-DC-03B (oC) TW-DC-04B (oC)
TF-DC-011 (oC) TF-DC-021 (oC) TF-DC-031 (oC) TF-DC-041 (oC)
Pre
ssure
(M
Pa
)
PT-PZR-01 (MPa)
PT-UH-01 (MPa)
PT-DC-01 (MPa)
PT-LP-01 (MPa)
Void
Fra
ctio
n
VoidRPV01
VoidRPV02
VoidRPV03
VoidRPV04a
VoidRPV04b
Void
- D
C VoidRPV04a VoidRPV04b
VoidDC01 VoidDC02
VoidDC03 VoidDC04
VoidCO05 VoidDC06
VoidDC07
Void
- C
ore
Time (second)
VoidRPV01 VoidRPV02
VoidRPV03 VoidCO01
VoidCO02 VoidCO03
VoidCO04 VoidCO05
VoidCO06 VoidCO07
VoidUP01
ECC
ECC
Core & DC
Heater Rod
Heater System
DC Wall
Wide Range LT
3.1. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for DVI
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Selected Test Results
� Primary System Levels� FCV-BS-02 & OV-BS-01 open: Core level decrease
� Fluctuation at SIT & HPSI injection
� Higher levels in DC than Core
LOWER LOWER LOWER LOWER PLENUMPLENUMPLENUMPLENUM
CORECORECORECORE
UPPER UPPER UPPER UPPER PLENUMPLENUMPLENUMPLENUM
UPPER UPPER UPPER UPPER HEADHEADHEADHEAD
RPV - Level
Transmitters
381.6
DC1
3
2
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
CO7
LP2
1
UP1
1
UH4
3
2
RPV4A
RPV1
RPV2
RPV3
RPV4B
HOT LEGHOT LEGHOT LEGHOT LEGCOLD LEGCOLD LEGCOLD LEGCOLD LEG
DDDDOOOOWWWWNNNNCCCCOOOOMMMMEEEERRRR
1 8 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 4 0 0 2 6 0 0 2 8 0 0
0 .0
0 .5
1 .0
1 .5
2 .0
2 .5
3 .0
3 .5
4 .0
Le
ve
l (m
)
T im e ( s e c o n d )
L T -C O -0 7 - I
L T -R P V - 0 1 - I
L T -R P V - 0 3 - I
L T -R P V - 0 4 a - I
L T -R P V - 0 4 b - I
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Selected Test Results� Heater Rod Surface Temp.
� Gradual quenching of a heating rod: G3 (outer zone)
1 8 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 4 0 0 2 6 0 0 2 8 0 0
0
5 0
1 0 0
1 5 0
2 0 0
2 5 0
3 0 0
3 5 0
4 0 0
4 5 0
5 0 0
5 5 0
6 0 0
6 5 0
7 0 0
7 5 0
T
em
pera
ture
(o
C)
T im e ( s e c o n d )
E X P (G 3 3 -a 1 , b 1 )
0 . 1 2 7 m
0 . 3 1 2 m
0 . 4 3 4 m
0 . 6 2 6 m
0 . 7 7 9 m
0 . 9 5 3 m
1 . 0 8 6 m
1 . 2 7 1 m
1 . 3 2 9 m
1 . 5 1 7 m
1 . 6 4 5 m
1 . 8 1 9 m
3.1. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for DVI
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Summary
CR4.2.1 RD&D
IN4.2.1: RD&D defined and performed and database developed?
CR4.2.3 scaling
IN4.2.3: Scaling understood and/or full scale tests performed?
� For the DVI design in APR1400 SIS� Technical Issues are well defined� RD&D scope and necessity is defined� Various scaling methods are developed and understood� SET/IET have been performed� Database has been developed and used for plant design and
licensing� Therefore, APR1400 DVI design satisfies Criteria 4.2 RD&D
requirements
3.1. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for DVI
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3.2. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3
for Passive Fluidic Device
� Technical Issues and RD&D objective� Conventional PWR : Early reflood of LBLOCA ���� High decay heat
���� Large capacity Pump ���� LPSIP
� APR1400 : Early reflood of LBLOCA ���� High decay heat ���� Fluidic Device ���� No LPSIPs
� Fluidic Device� Passive Device (No electricity,
No moving part)
� Performance should be demonstratedConventional SIT+LPSIP
flowrate
Ideal SIT w/ FD flowrate
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Full Scale Fluidic Device Test Facility
VAlve Performance Evaluation test Rig (VAPER) � Safety Injection Tank (SIT): Full-Scale (ID: 2.74 m, H: 11.99 m, V: 68.13 m3 )� Stock Tank : 97 m3
� Compressed Air Supply : Max. 50 bar� Discharging Pipe : 12 inch
Stock
Tank(97m3)
Quick
Opening
Valve
Orifice
Recirculation
Pump
Air
Compressor
Discharge Pipe Line
(12" #80)
SIT(68.13m3)
Stand
Pipe
Fluidic
Device
Vent
Safety
Valve
Demi-Water
Supply Line
Demi-Water
Recircluation
Line
Compressed Air
Supply Line
LT
LT
Conductivity
Probe
TE
TE
PTDP
PT
PTPTPT
DP
TE
TE
LT
Drain
Discharge
Bypass
Vent
Bypass
PI
LT : Level Transmitter
PT : Pressure Transmitter
PI : Pressure Indicator
TE : RTD or Thermocouple
Schematic of the VAPER Facility
3.2. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for Passive Fluidic Device
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Test matrix and measured parameters
� Test matrix� Basic Tests to confirm performance parameters
� Low pressure tests
� Sensitivity tests for manufacturing uncertainty
� Typical conditions� System pressure : 4,000 kPa-g
� System temperature : Room temperature
� SIT water level : 8.9 m
� Measured (calculated) parameters� Flow resistance (K-value) at high flow rate period
� Flow resistance (K-value) at low flow rate period
3.2. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for Passive Fluidic Device
2
22
SIT
pipew
W
APK
ρ∆=
t
tththAtW SITSIT
SITwSIT
∆
∆+−≈
)()()( ρ
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Sample Test Results
Test IDPeak Flow
(kg/s)
Mission Time(sec)
FD K-Factor(High/Low)
Test-II(b)-C-H-1 1000 165 18.8/159.7
FD-II(b)-C-H-1 1040 160 16.2/156.3
FD-II(b)-C-H-2 1010 16015.6/159.816.4/158.6
FD-II(b)-C-H-3 1005 16516.2/159.217.0/158.7
FD-II(b)-C-H-4 1005 16515.7/162.616.6/162.6
FD-II(b)-C-H-5 780 21015.2/169.416.1/169.4
3.2. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for Passive Fluidic Device
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1800
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Dis
ch
arg
e F
low
rate
, kg
/s
Time, sec
Test-II(b)-C-H-1
FD-II(b)-C-H-1
FD-II(b)-C-H-2
FD-II(b)-C-H-3
FD-II(b)-C-H-4
0 20 40 60 80 100 1201
10
100
1000
FD
K F
acto
r
Time, sec
Test-II(b)-C-H-1
FD-II(b)-C-H-1
FD-II(b)-C-H-2 (DPT101)
FD-II(b)-C-H-2 (DPT101-1)
FD-II(b)-C-H-3 (DPT101)
FD-II(b)-C-H-3 (DPT101-1)
FD-II(b)-C-H-4 (DPT101)
FD-II(b)-C-H-4 (DPT101-1)
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Summary
CR4.2.1 RD&D
IN4.2.1: RD&D defined and performed and database developed?
CR4.2.3 scaling
IN4.2.3: Scaling understood and/or full scale tests performed?
� For the Passive Fluidic Device design in APR1400 SIS� RD&D scope and necessity is defined� Full Scale Test has been performed� Database has been developed and used for plant design and
licensing� Therefore, APR1400 Fluidic Device satisfies Criteria 4.2 RD&D
requirements
3.2. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for Passive Fluidic Device
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3.3. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.2
for Safety Injection System
� Computer codes for SIS performance (LBLOCA analysis)� RELAP5/Mod3.3-KREM
� Code modification from RELAP5/Mod3.3
� Code validation� International test facility
� ECC Bypass (MIDAS)
� IET for APR1400 LBLOCA (ATLAS)
� Fluidic Device Performance
CR4.2.2 computer codes
IN4.2.2: Computer codes or analytical methods developed and validated?
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PIRT for APR1400 LBLOCA
� Accident : Double-ended Cold leg Break
� 4 Phases : Blowdown, Refill, Early reflood, Late reflood
� 15 Components, 73 Phenomena
3.3. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.2 for Safety Injection System
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� General PWR Test matrix
� 27 SET facilities
� 4 IET facilities� APR1400 Specific Test Matrix
� ECC Bypass : MIDAS, UPTF-21D
� Downcomer Boiling : DOBO
� Overall Reflood behavior : ALTAS
� FD Performance : VAPER
3.3. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.2 for Safety Injection System
Code validation test matrix
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� LBLOCA Blowdown Period LBLOCA Reflood Period
- Evaluation by SET - Evaluation by SET/IET- (17 FLECHT-SEASET, 7 NEPTUN, (SET + LOFT L2-2, L2-3, LP-02-6, CCTF C2-4.
1 ATLAS; Total 616 Data) PKL-IIb5, Semiscale S-06-3 : Total 688 Data)- Peak Cladding Temperature - Peak Cladding Temperature
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700
Experiment (K)
Calc
ula
tio
n (
K)
.
FLECHT-SEASETNEPTUNATLAS
Bias
y1 = x + 39.81
One-side 95% bound
y = y1 + 80.37
500
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700
Experiment (K)
Calc
ula
tio
n (
K)
.
FLECHT-SEASETNEPTUNATLASLOFTSemiscalePKLCCTF
Bias
y1 = x + 35.32
One-side 95% bound
y = y1 + 86.14
3.3. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.2 for Safety Injection System
Code Accuracy
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0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
S team flo w rate (kg/sec)
Byp
ass Fraction . RELAP5
Data
3.3. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.2 for Safety Injection System
Code Validation – ECC Bypass (MIDAS)
1879
I.D. 408, t8
Bottom of Pipe
Base Elevation = 0.0 mmBase Elevation = 0.0 mmBase Elevation = 0.0 mmBase Elevation = 0.0 mm(Reference Elevation=0.0 )
1387.8
3926
16", sch20SI.D. 390.6mm
195
370
16"
16"
I.D. 720
522.
1439.5
1840.5
1202
1872
300
660
4121
4491 (
LT-D
U-02)
2851
(LT-D
U-0117F)
426
2109
Pressure Tap
DVI Nozzle : KNGR Full Height
DVI Nozzle : KNGR Linear Height
KNGRColdleg 1~3, Broken ColdlegHotlegs
I.D. 938.7, t10
O.D. 834.8, t22
0o
90o
180o
270o
Coldleg-2 Coldleg-3
Coldleg-1
Hotleg-2Hotleg-1
B.L.
90o270o
180o
0o
Level=4491
Level=6972(from base Level)
Level=1582.8
Level=195
Level =717(from base Level)
Level=9081(from base Level)
R685(20o)
R60
9(70
o )
V160 V150
J143
V20 0
V140_01
J562V932 (SI)
V495
V496
V395
V396
943(C/L)
942(C/L) 48 5
48 6
941(C/L)386
998(Drain to Co re)
99 7(Separator)
999(steam)
996(liquid)
958_01
958_05
V180_01
V130_01
J560 V932(SI)
V170_01
J144
J145
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3.3. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.2 for Safety Injection System
Code Validation – ECC Bypass (VAPER)
ACCUM
SNGVOL
Atm
High KLow K
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1800
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Dis
charg
e F
low
rate
, kg/s
Time, sec
Test-II(b)-C-H-1
FD-II(b)-C-H-1
FD-II(b)-C-H-2
FD-II(b)-C-H-3
FD-II(b)-C-H-4
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� Validation results (PCT Behavior)
� Code results are well predict test results
3.3. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.2 for Safety Injection System
Code Validation – Overall LBLOCA Behavior (ATLAS)
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� Current status : Modification of RELAP5 and V&V
� On-going plan : Development of new T/H code named SPACE
(Safety and Performance Analysis CodE)
3.3. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.2 for Safety Injection System
Code Development
RELAP5 SPACE
Language Fortran C++
# of fields 2 (Liq., Vap.) 3(Liq., Vap., Drop.)
Dimensions 1 3
Mesh Structured Structured/Unstructured
� Completion of developmental V&V : June 2012
� SPACE 2.0 : Dec. 2012
� Licensing : 2013 ~ 2015
� NPP application : 2015 ~
3D Collocated Mesh3D Collocated Mesh
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� Example of SPACE code validation
� ATLAS SBLOCA: 6-inch in APR1400
Code Development
3.3. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.2 for Safety Injection System
PressurePressure
Water LevelWater Level
PCTPCT
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� Independent modeling of 2 hot-legs and 4 cold-legs
� Core : Two T/H channel (hot and average)
� Downcomer : 6 DC channel
3.3. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.2 for Safety Injection System
Plant analysis – APR1400 noding
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Peak cladding temperature Oxidation rate Hydrogen generation
3.3. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.2 for Safety Injection System
Plant analysis – Uncertainty quantification
Summary
� RELAP5/MOD3.3-KREM code has been developed� The code is validated using various test facilities� The code uncertainty is quantified� Therefore, APR1400 SIS design satisfies Criteria 4.2 RD&D
requirements
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4. Summary
� INPRO UR4.2 “RD&D for understanding” is evaluated for APR1400 safety injection system
�For the advanced design features in SIS (DVI, FD), following RD&D has been performed during APR1400 development� Technical issues and scope definition
� SET and IET with appropriate scaling
� Full scale test for FD
� Code validation
� Uncertainty quantification and best estimate safety analysis
�For the other advanced design features, similar RD&D has been performed
�APR1400 design satisfies INPRO UR4.2 RD&D for understanding