DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ADJUSTABLE

MULTISEASONAL HARVESTING MACHINE

PROJECT REFERENCE NO.: 41S_BE_1432

COLLEGE : SECAB INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,

VIJAYAPURA

BRANCH : DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

GUIDES : Dr. SYED ABBAS ALI

Mr. ALTAF HUSSAIN BAGWAN

STUDENTS : Ms. PRATIKSHA A. YADRAVKAR

Mr. VIJAYKUMAR CHAVAN

Mr. PRAKASH RATHOD

Mr. RAJESH PAWAR

Keywords:

Harvesting Machine, Adjustable Mechanism, Cutting Operation

Introduction:

It is a science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops. It is also called farming.

Agriculture plays a vital role in Indian economy. India is a country which is dependent on

farming as a main source of income for many families. As far as Indian scenario is concerned,

more than 75 percent farmers are belonging to small and marginal land carrying. So any

improvement in the productivity related task help to increase Indian farmer’s status and

economy. The current agriculture equipments has lot of limitation and it required more energy to

operate.

In India agriculture is facing serious challenges like scarcity of agricultural labour, not

only in peak working seasons but also in normal time. This is mainly for increased nonfarm job

opportunities having higher wage, migration of labour force to cities and low status of

agricultural labours in the society. Further, the agriculture farming system is shown in Fig. 1.1

Fig.1.1 Agriculture forming system

Harvesting:

Harvesting is a process of cutting and gathering of mature crop from the field. Harvester

is a machine is used for harvesting. Different types of harvesting machines are available in the

market namely crop harvester, onion harvester, paddy harvester, tea harvester, potato harvester,

wheat harvester and sugarcane harvester.

Harvesting Methods

Manual harvesting method

In this method, harvesting is done manually with the help of human. Manual harvesting is

dominant in the developing country. In this, the land is first set on fire. The fire burns dry leaves

without harming the stalks and roots. Then labors cut the cane just above the ground level using

the canes or machetes. The manual harvesting is more intensive as compare to machine

harvesting. Further, the manual harvesting method is time consuming, efficient work may not be

done and the cost required for harvesting is also more.

Machine harvesting method

In this method, harvesting is done with the help of machine. It is fully automated it

requires very less time for cutting sugarcane around large area. The machine harvesting is

having high initial cost, high operating cost, applicable for only large scale farmers, skilled

labour required to operate the machine and area require for operation is also more. Further, the

field survey is given in Table 1.1.

Sl.

No

Former

Name

Area Crop Labour

Availability

Labours

/Acre

Time

Required

Cost/Acre

1 Halabasappa Jewargi Rice Difficult 6 12 hrs. 2500

Wheat Medium 6 14 hrs. 4000

2 Malakappa Jewargi Rice Difficult 8 10 hrs. 3000

Wheat Medium 8 10 hrs. 5000

3 Khajasaheb Jewargi Rice Difficult 6 12 hrs. 3000

Table 1.1 Field survey

Summary of survey/Need of present model

After reviewing the literature some of the points have been observed and summarized as below:

Need a machine which will be useful for small formers having 4 to 5 acres land.

Need of machine which is very easy and skilled person is not required to operate.

Need to minimize the process duration for each operation compare to manual operation.

The existing machine and manual method is not economical, having less efficiency and

the mechanism involved is complex.

Need of machine which is working in all three seasons.

Objectives:

The objectives of the present study are as given below:

1. To design the harvesting machine for cutting, conveying purpose

2. To fabricate the adjustable mechanism harvesting machine for cutting, conveying

purpose.

3. To check the performance of adjustable mechanism and harvesting machine in all

seasons.

Methodology:

The methodology adopted for this project as follows

1. Design of all individual parts of machine

2. Fabrication of frame & other parts like blades etc.

3. Selection of engine/motor

4. Assembly of all fabricated parts

5. Testing of working model.

Fig. 4.2 Model of blade and cutter

Fig. 4.1 Drawing of model

Fig. 4.3 Chasis main frame and cutting of blades

Fig. 4.4 Fabrication process

Fig. 4.5 Complete Model

Results:

In this section, results and discussion of the present project work will be discussed.

Section 5.1 highlights the number of labors required, time required, cost for manual method.

Further, for machine method and proposed model will be discussed in section 5.2 and section

5.3, respectively. Finally the comparison of all method will be discussed in 5.4.

Results of Manual Method:

The time required and number of labors required for the harvesting of different crop is

tabulated in Table 5.1. Further, the cost required is also given in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1 Results of manual method for different crops

Sl. No Crop Name Labours /Acre Time Required Cost/Acre

1 Rice 5-6 12 hrs 2400

2 Wheat 5-6 24 hrs. 4800

Results of Machine Method:

The time required and number of labors required for the harvesting of different crop is

tabulated in Table 5.2. Further , the cost required is also given in Table 5.2.

Table 5.2 Results of machine method for different crops

Sl. No Crop Name Labours /Acre Time Required Cost/Acre

1 Rice 01 2 hrs. 1400 (Excluding

Initial Cost)

2 Wheat 01 2 hrs. 900 (Excluding

Initial Cost)

Results of Proposed Machine Method:

The time required and number of labors required for the harvesting of different crop is

tabulated in Table 5.3. Further, the cost required is also given in Table 5.3.

Table 5.3 Results of proposed machine method for different crops

Sl. No Crop Name Labours /Acre Time Required Cost/Acre

1 Rice 01 3 hrs. 300 (Excluding

Initial Cost)

2 Wheat 01 3 hrs. 400 (Excluding

Initial Cost)

Comparative Result: The time and number of labors required for harvesting the different crops for manual

method, machine method and proposed machine method is tabulated in Table 5.4. Further, the

cost required for different method is also given in Table 5.4. The labor required per acre for

different methods for different crops is shown in Fig. 5.1. Further, time required and cost

required per acre for different methods for different crops is shown in Figs. 5.2 and 5.3,

respectively. It is observed from above Figs. that the proposed machine method shows

reasonably good results when compared with manual method and machine method.

Table 5.4 Comparative result

Sl. No Method Crop Labours

/Acre

Time

Required

Cost/Acre

(Rs.)

1 Manual Rice 5-6 12 hrs 2400

Wheat 5-6 24 hrs. 4800

2 Machine Rice 01 2 hrs. 1400

Wheat 02 2 hrs. 900

3 Proposed

Method

Rice 01 3 hrs. 300

Wheat 02 3 hrs. 400

Manual Method Machine Method Proposed Method0

2

4

6

Labour required per acre for different methods

La

bo

ur

req

uir

ed

pe

r a

cre

Methods

Rice

Wheat

Fig. 5.1 Labour required for different methods

Manual Method Machine Method Proposed Method0

10

20

30Time required per acre for different methods

Tim

e r

eq

uir

ed

pe

r a

cre

(h

rs)

Methods

Rice

Wheat

Fig. 5.2 Time required for different methods

Manual Method Machine Method Proposed Method0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

Cost required per acre for different methods

Co

st re

qu

ire

d p

er

acre

(R

s.)

Methods

Rice

Wheat

Fig. 5.3 Cost required for different methods

Conclusion:

The purpose of the project is to fabricate a machine to carry out the operation like

harvesting which should be helpful for the farmers having Less & Marginal Land. By the

observations of the results and discussion, variation between manual method, machine method

and proposed machine method, are described below:

The labors required for the proposed machine method is less than the manual method and

equal to machine method. Further, the machine method cannot be suitable for small scale

farmers as it is economically not feasible.

The time duration required for the proposed machine method is less than the manual

method and more than machine method. Further, the machine method cannot be suitable

for small scale farmers as it is economically not feasible.

The cost required for harvesting the one acre land is also less by using proposed machine

method.

Scope for future work: Though the machine has some innovative concepts, there is still a lot if scope for

development like:

The machine has to be provided with gear box.

The machine can be made lighter by doing detailed analysis of design & removing excess

material wherever it is not necessary.

With minimal modification this machine can be used for different crops.

References:

1. Atul R. Dange , Thakare S. K and Bhaskara Rao I, (2011), Cutting energy and force as

required for Pigeon pea stems, Journal of Agricultural Technology 2011 Vol. 7(6), pp.

1485-1493, 2011.

2. Adarsh J Jain , Shashank Karne , Srinivas Ratod , Vinay N. Thotad and Kiran P (2013),

Design and fabrication of small scale sugarcane harvesting machine, International Journal

of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research. Vol 2(3), 2013.

3. K. Mahadevan and B. Balveera Reddy, “Design Data Hand Book for Mechanical

Engineering in SI and Metric Units”, 4th

Edition.

4. Robert L. Norton, “Machine Design: An Integrated Approach”, 2nd

Edition.

5. T. Krishna Rao, “Design of Machine Elements”, I K International Publishing House Pvt.

Ltd., 2011.