Department of Sustainability and Environment - EVC ...€¦ · Web viewEVC 19: Riparian Shrubland -...

EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment

East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 3: Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland

Description:A low, grassy or bracken-dominated eucalypt forest or open woodland to 15 m tall with a large shrub layer and ground layer rich in herbs, grasses, and orchids. Occurs mainly on flat or undulating areas on moderately fertile, relatively well-drained, deep sandy or loamy topsoils over heavier subsoils (duplex soils).

Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.

DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common

Name20% Eucalyptus melliodoraEucalyptus goniocalyx s.l.

Yellow BoxBundy

Understorey: Life formImmature Canopy Tree

#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% T

Medium Shrub 4 20% MSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 6 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCGround Fern 1 10% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF CodeT

Species typical of at least part of EVC range

Common NameCherry Ballart

T Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Kunzea ericoides BurganMS Acacia paradoxa Hedge WattleMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treePS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Geranium solanderi s.l. Austral CranesbillSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Kennedia prostrata Running PostmanSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Austrodanthonia penicillata Slender Wallaby-grass

MNG

Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved Clematis

Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark

EVC 3: Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland - East Gippsland Uplands bioregionRecruitment:

Continuous

Organic Litter:40 % cover

Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high low MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high

high MTG Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Panic Veldt-grasshigh high

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:

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For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186www.dse.vic.gov.au


East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 6: Sand Heathland

Description:Spans a variety of geologies but is generally associated with nutrient-poor soils including deep uniform sands (aeolian or outwash) and Tertiary sand/clay which has been altered to form quartzite gravel. Eucalypt-dominated low woodland to 10 m tall lacking a secondary tree layer and generally supporting a diverse array of narrow or ericoid-leaved shrubs except where frequent fire has reduced this to a dense cover of bracken. Geophytes and annuals can be quite common but the ground cover is normally fairly sparse.+ eucalypt woodland on ly components (ignore when assessing shrublands and standardise site condition score as required)

Large trees+:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp.Banksia serrata

50 cm40 cm

15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover+:%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus willisii

Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus radiata s.l.Banksia serrata

Jimmy’s Shining PeppermintMessmate Stringybark Narrow-leaf Peppermint Saw

Understorey: Life form

#Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree+ 5% IT

Medium Shrub 5 30% MSSmall Shrub 5 20% SSMedium Herb 2 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 1% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF CodeMS


Common NameCommon Heath

MS Leptospermum myrsinoides Heath Tea-treeMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Monotoca scoparia Prickly Broom-heathSS Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Broom SpurgeSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathSS Dillwynia glaberrima Smooth Parrot-peaLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeMNG Hypolaena fastigiata Tassel Rope-rushSC Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurel

EVC 6: Sand Heathland – East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

Recruitment:Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 20 years.


Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:There are no consistent weeds in this EVC.

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:


Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should bedirected to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.

For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au


East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 7: Clay Heathland

Description:Occurs on sites with impeded drainage, often on duplex soils. Dominated by heathy shrub species with or without a eucalypt overstorey. The ground layer is dense and diverse with a variety of landforms.

+ woodland onl y components (ignore when assessing treeless areas and standardise final score as appropriate)

Large trees+:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 40 cm 10 /

haTree Canopy Cover+:

%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus conspicua Swamp Stringybark


#Spp9

%Cover30%

LF codeMSSmall Shrub 6 10% SS

Prostrate Shrub 3 5% PSMedium Herb 8 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 5 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code


Common NameCommon Heath

MS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Hakea sericea s.l. Bushy NeedlewoodMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaSS Dampiera stricta Blue DampieraSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerSS Gompholobium huegelii Common Wedge-peaSS Rhytidosporum procumbens White MarianthPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Bossiaea prostrata Creeping BossiaeaMH Lagenophora gracilis Slender Bottle-daisyMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortSH Mitrasacme serpyllifolia Thyme MitrewortLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Small Grass-tree

LNG

Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Grey Tussock-grass

MNG

Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassM

NGCaustis flexuosa Curly Wig

EVC 7: Clay Heathland - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion


Organic Litter:20% Cover

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 8: Wet Heathland

Description:A low, generally treeless heathland although sometimes emergent eucalypts may be present. Occurs on lower slopes, flats or depressions, which are infertile and subjected to prolonged water logging. Understorey is often dominated by a range of sedges, grasses and shrubs.

Life forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF

codeMedium Shrub 7 30% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 4 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 10% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or Climber 2 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code


Common NamePrickly Tea-tree

MS Hakea nodosa Yellow HakeaMS Melaleuca squarrosa Scented PaperbarkMS Allocasuarina paludosa Scrub SheoakSS Bauera rubioides Wiry BaueraPS Xanthosia dissecta s.l. Cut-leaf XanthosiaLH Xyris operculata Tall Yellow-eyeMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Selaginella uliginosa Swamp SelaginellaLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grass

LNG

Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeL

NGTetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grass

LNG

Baumea rubiginosa s.l. Soft Twig-rushMTG Lepidosperma filiforme Common Rapier-sedgeMTG Tetraria capillaris Hair SedgeMTG Patersonia fragilis Short Purple-flag

MNG

Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rushM

NGBaumea tetragona Square Twig-sedge

MNG

Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassGF Lindsaea linearis Screw FernSC Gleichenia dicarpa Pouched Coral-fernSC Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurel


EVC 8: Wet Heathland - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion


Organic Litter:20% cover







East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 14: Banksia Woodland

Description:Open scrub to open woodland to 10 m tall on well-drained Quaternary and Tertiary sandy soils. The overstorey is dominated by Saw Banksia Banksia serrata, sometimes with emergent eucalypts while the understorey is shrub-rich.

Large trees:SpeciesBanksia serrata

DBH(cm)50 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Name15% Banksia serrata Saw Banksia


#Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 10 25% MSSmall Shrub 7 15% SSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 10% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFScrambler or Climber 3 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

EVC 14: Banksia Woodland - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Acacia terminalis Sunshine WattleMS Acacia suaveolens Sweet WattleSS Dampiera stricta Blue DampieraSS Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Broom SpurgeSS Tetratheca pilosa Hairy Pink-bellsSS Dillwynia glaberrima Smooth Parrot-peaMH Gonocarpus teucrioides s.l. Germander RaspwortMH Selaginella uliginosa Swamp SelaginellaMH Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Tall SundewLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Xanthorrhoea resinosa Spear Grass-treeLTG Gahnia clarkei Tall Saw-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Paroo LilyMTG Patersonia glabrata Leafy Purple-flagMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Burchardia umbellata MilkmaidsMNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rushGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Lindsaea linearis Screw FernSC Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurelSC Cassytha phaeolasia Rusty Dodder-laurelSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:There are no consistent weeds in this

EVC.




For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you www.dse.vic.gov.au


East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 15: Limestone Box Forest

Description:Occurs on generally well developed terra rossa soils derived from Tertiary limestones that outcrop around coastal streams, gullies and lakes. Open eucalypt forest to 20 m tall with a tall shrub layer understorey and a grass and herb-rich ground layer on sheltered aspects but may be almost completely bare on drier aspects.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name30% Eucalyptus botryoidesEucalyptus baueriana Eucalyptus bosistoana

Southern MahoganyBlue BoxCoast Grey-box Red

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 15% TMedium Shrub 5 15% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 8 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGGround Fern 3 15% GFScrambler or Climber 6 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL


EVC 15: Limestone Box Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Rapanea howittiana Mutton-woodT Pomaderris aspera Hazel PomaderrisMS Olearia lirata Snowy Daisy-bushMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Melaleuca ericifolia Swamp PaperbarkMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Solanum prinophyllum Forest NightshadeMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillMH Veronica calycina Hairy SpeedwellSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Oxalis corniculata s.l. Yellow Wood-sorrelSH Desmodium gunnii Southern Tick-trefoilLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Gahnia melanocarpa Black-fruit Saw-sedgeLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedgeMTG Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Paroo LilyMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Oplismenus hirtellus Australian Basket-grassMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassMNG Echinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Calochlaena dubia Common Ground-fernGF Pellaea falcata s.l. Sickle FernGF Adiantum aethiopicum Common MaidenhairSC Tylophora barbata Bearded TylophoraSC Eustrephus latifolius Wombat BerrySC Glycine clandestina Twining GlycineSC Clematis glycinoides var. glycinoides Forest Clematis

Recruitment:Continuous


Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high

low MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high low






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 16: Lowland Forest

Description:Eucalypt forest to 25 m tall on relatively fertile, moderately well-drained soils in areas of relatively high rainfall. Characterised by the diversity of life forms and species in the understorey including a range of shrubs, grasses and herbs.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus sieberi

Eucalyptus globoidea Eucalyptus cypellocarpa

Silvertop AshWhite Stringybark Mountain Grey-gum

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 7 25% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 4 10% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

EVC 16: Lowland Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Goodenia ovata Hop GoodeniaMS Acacia mucronata ssp. longifolia Narrow-leaf WattleMS Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus Lance Beard-heathMS Epacris impressa Common HeathSS Tetratheca pilosa Hairy Pink-bellsSS Hibbertia empetrifolia s.l. Tangled Guinea-flowerSS Lomatia ilicifolia Holly LomatiaSS Dampiera stricta Blue DampieraMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Gonocarpus teucrioides s.l. Germander RaspwortLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Paroo LilyMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Cassytha phaeolasia Rusty Dodder-laurelSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Tylophora barbata Bearded TylophoraSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.


EVC.






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 18: Riparian Forest

Description:A tall forest along river banks and associated alluvial terraces with occasional occurrences in the heads of gullies leading into creeks and rivers. The soil is fertile alluvium, regularly inundated and permanently moist. Dominated by tall eucalypts to 30 m tall, but also has an open to sparse secondary tree layer of wattles and scattered patches of shrubs, ferns, grasses and herbs.


DBH(cm)80 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus globoidea

Eucalyptus viminalis Eucalyptus croajingolensis

White StringybarkManna Gum Gippsland Peppermint

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 4 15% TMedium Shrub 11 30% MSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 9 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 4 15% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFScrambler or Climber 5 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

EVC 18: Riparian Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Pomaderris aspera Hazel PomaderrisT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus Lance Beard-heathLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisySH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Paroo LilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Blechnum cartilagineum Gristle FernGF Adiantum aethiopicum Common MaidenhairGF Calochlaena dubia Common Ground-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Smilax australis Austral SarsaparillaSC Glycine clandestina Twining GlycineSC Eustrephus latifolius Wombat Berry



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high

high LH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistlehigh high

MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high low






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 19: Riparian ShrublandDescription:Diverse, medium to tall shrubland to 8 m tall occurring on rocky substrates of major streams and banks and channels of rocky creeks and along perennial streams in gorge tracts. Able to withstand frequent flooding or regenerate rapidly after such disturbance and often forming dense thickets along the stream's edge during long periods without flooding. Trees may be irregularly scattered throughout but tend to be restricted to the banks of the rivers and creeks. Sedges and rushes common to riparian environments dominate the understorey as well as an array of herbs and grasses including many ephemeral species which survive on the bare sands or in rock crevice.Canopy Cover:

%cover Character Species Common Name30% Acacia mearnsii Black Wattle

Acacia falciformis Large-leaf Hickory-wattlePomaderris aspera Hazel Pomaderris

Understorey:Life formMedium Shrub

#Spp6

%Cover25%

LF codeMS

Large Herb 6 5% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 1% MNGGround Fern 3 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover

75%LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC

rangeCommon Name

MSMS MS MS SS LH LH LH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG GF GF

r

Kunzea ericoidesCassinia longifolia Philotheca myoporoidesBeyeria lasiocarpa Olearia iodochroaStypandra glauca Xerochrysum bracteatum Myriophyllum verrucosumSolanum prinophyllum Veronica plebeiaHydrocotyle hirta Oxalis corniculata s.l.Dichondra repens Hydrocotyle sibthorpioidesCrassula sieberiana Lepidosperma urophorumLomandra longifolia Eragrostis parvifloraCyperus lucidusSchoenoplectus tabernaemontani Poa australis spp. agg.Lomandra filiformisLachnagrostis filiformis Cyperus sphaeroideus

BurganShiny CassiniaLong-leaf Wax-flower Wallaby-bushViolet Daisy-bushNodding Blue-lily Golden Everlasting Red Water-milfoil Forest Nightshade Trailing Speedwell Hairy Pennywort Yellow Wood-sorrel Kidney-weed Shining Pennywort Sieber Crassula Tailed Rapier-sedgeSpiny-headed Mat-rush Weeping Love-grass Leafy Flat-sedgeRiver Club-sedge Tussock GrassWattle Mat-rushCommon Blown-grass Globe KyllingaCommon Spike-sedge

EVC 19: Riparian Shrubland - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

Recruitment:Episodic/flood – desirable period between flood events is 5 years.


Logs:10 m/0.1 ha (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar low

high MS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberryhigh high

LH Conium maculatum Hemlock high highLH Conyza bonariensis Flaxleaf Fleabane high lowLH Carduus tenuiflorus Winged Thistle high lowLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowLH Plantago lanceolata Ribwort high lowLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high

low MH Trifolium arvense var. arvenseHare's-foot Clover high low

MH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMH Euphorbia peplus Petty Spurge high lowMH Silene gallica French Catchfly high lowMH Petrorhagia nanteuilii Childling Pink high

low MH Gamochaeta purpurea s.l. Purple Cudweed high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowSH Modiola caroliniana Red-flower Mallow high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Cyperus eragrostis Drain Flat-sedge high highMTG Bromus catharticus Prairie Grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high

low MTG Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceusSoft Brome high low

MTG Bromus diandrus Great Brome high lowMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high lowSC Vinca major Blue Periwinkle high high

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:



www.dse.vic.gov.au


East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 20: Heathy Dry Forest

Description:Grows on shallow, rocky skeletal soils on a variety of geologies and on a range of landforms from gently undulating hills to exposed aspects on ridge tops and steep slopes at a range of elevations. The overstorey is a low, open eucalypt forest, poor in form to 20 m tall with an open crown cover. The understorey is dominated by a low, sparse to dense layer of ericoid-leaved shrubs including heaths and peas. Graminoids and grasses are frequently present in the ground layer, but do not provide much cover.


DBH(cm)60 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus mannifera ssp. mannifera

Eucalyptus dives Eucalyptus macrorhyncha

Brittle GumBroad-leaved Peppermint Red Stringybark

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 8 30% MSSmall Shrub 5 10% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 8 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 20% MTGScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover

90%


EVC 20: Heathy Dry Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Monotoca scoparia Prickly Broom-heathMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Brachyloma daphnoides Daphne HeathMS Choretrum pauciflorum Dwarf Sour-bushSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Tetratheca bauerifolia Heath Pink-bellsSS Acacia gunnii Ploughshare WattleSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Galium gaudichaudii Rough BedstrawMH Euchiton collinus s.s. Creeping CudweedMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushEP Amyema pendula Drooping MistletoeSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest

Description:Occurs on a range of geologies on exposed aspects such as ridge-lines and medium to steep upper slopes, often in high rainfall areas and on shallow infertile soils. Open forest to 25 m tall characterised by the diversity and variability of the eucalypts. The understorey often lacks a secondary tree layer but contains a well-developed medium to low shrub layer. The ground layer is often very sparse with tussock-forming graminoids being the dominant life form.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name30% Eucalyptus macrorhynchaEucalyptus consideniana Eucalyptus sieberi Eucalyptus

Red StringybarkYertchuk Silvertop Ash White Stringybark

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% TMedium Shrub 6 30% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSMedium Herb 5 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover

80%

EVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Allocasuarina littoralis Black SheoakMS Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus Lance Beard-heathMS Platysace lanceolata Shrubby PlatysaceMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Epacris impressa Common HeathSS Hibbertia empetrifolia s.l. Tangled Guinea-flowerSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerMH Gonocarpus teucrioides s.l. Germander RaspwortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Paroo LilyMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Glycine clandestina Twining GlycineSC Tylophora barbata Bearded TylophoraSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.


Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment September 2005© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2005This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:





East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 22: Grassy Dry Forest

Description:Occurs on a variety of gradients and altitudes and on a range of geologies. The overstorey is dominated by a low to medium height forest of eucalypts to 20 m tall, sometimes resembling an open woodland with a secondary, smaller tree layer including a number of Acacia species. The understorey usually consists of a sparse shrub layer of medium height. Grassy Dry Forest is characterised by a ground layer dominated by a high diversity of drought-tolerant grasses and herbs, often including a suite of fern species.


DBH(cm)60 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover30%

Character SpeciesEucalyptus globulus ssp. pseudoglobulus

Common NameGippsland Blue Eucalyptus bridgesiana But But

Eucalyptus consideniana YertchukEucalyptus mannifera Brittle GumEucalyptus nortonii Silver Bundy

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% TMedium Shrub 7 20% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 5% PSLarge Herb 3 1% LHMedium Herb 11 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C


EVC 22: Grassy Dry Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia falciformis Large-leaf Hickory-wattleMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Prickly Bush-peaMS Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus Lance Beard-heathMS Indigofera australis Austral IndigoSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Conyza albida Tall Fleabane high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high low






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 23: Herb-rich Foothill Forest

Description:Occurs on relatively fertile, moderately well-drained soils on an extremely wide range of geological types and in areas of moderate to high rainfall. Occupies easterly and southerly aspects mainly on lower slopes and in gullies. A medium to tall open forest or woodland to 25 m tall with a small tree layer over a sparse to dense shrub layer. A high cover and diversity of herbs and grasses in the ground layer characterise this EVC.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus rubida

Eucalyptus dives Eucalyptus radiata s.l.

CandlebarkBroad-leaved Peppermint Narrow-leaf Peppermint


#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeIT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 4 10% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 5% PSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 13 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL


EVC 23: Herb-rich Foothill Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Tetratheca bauerifolia Heath Pink-bellsPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Cymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear's-earSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Dichelachne sciurea spp. agg. Short-hair Plume-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Glycine clandestina Twining GlycineSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar low highSS Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Blackberry high highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high

low MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high

low MH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high lowMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high low




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East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 24: Foothill Box Ironbark Forest

Description:Occurs on gently undulating rises, low hills and peneplains on infertile, often stony soils derived from a range of geologies. The open overstorey to 20 m tall consists of a variety of eucalypts, often including one of the Ironbark species. The mid storey often forms a dense to open small tree or shrub layer over an open ground layer ranging from a sparse to well-developed suite of herbs and grasses.


DBH(cm)60 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Name30% Eucalyptus tricarpaEucalyptus polyanthemos Eucalyptus

Red IronbarkRed BoxYellow Stringybark


#Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 4 20% MSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 2 1% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGEpiphyte 1 1% EPScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover

50%

EVC 24: Foothill Box Ironbark Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Platysace lanceolata Shrubby PlatysaceMS Olearia ramulosa Twiggy Daisy-bushMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxSS Rhytidosporum procumbens White MarianthLH Stypandra glauca Nodding Blue-lilyLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Helichrysum leucopsideum Satin EverlastingMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Veronica calycina Hairy SpeedwellMH Helichrysum scorpioides Button EverlastingSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Galium propinquum Maori BedstrawLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Paroo LilyMTG Lepidosperma laterale var. laterale Variable Sword-sedgeEP Cassytha phaeolasia Rusty Dodder-laurelSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Pandorea pandorana Wonga VineSC Comesperma volubile Love CreeperSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.


EVC.






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 27: Blackthorn Scrub

Description:Only found on northerly and westerly slopes of mountains and valleys. Trees are not a prominent feature, often present only as emergents or forming a very open woodland. The small tree or tall shrub layer to 6 m tall is a dominant feature, often forming even-aged stands of uniform height. The ground layer is generally sparse and species-poor due to low site quality and the density of the overstorey. Vines can be conspicuous in the understorey.

Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common

Name40% Acacia silvestrisExocarpos cupressiformis

Red WattleCherry Ballart

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF

codeMedium Shrub 8 40% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 3 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover

50%

LF Code


Common NameRock Wax-flower

MS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Goodenia ovata Hop GoodeniaMS Platysace lanceolata Shrubby PlatysaceMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-

sedgeMTG Notodanthonia longifolia Long-leaf Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass

GF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernSC Pandorea pandorana Wonga VineSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry

Recruitment:

Continuous


Logs:10 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)


EVC 27: Blackthorn Scrub - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 28: Rocky Outcrop Shrubland

Description:Occurs in areas of low site quality on exposed rocky outcrops where rock is a dominant landform feature, soils are shallow or virtually absent and effective rainfall is low. Scattered, often stunted trees are occasionally present. A diverse shrub layer to 5 m tall characterises this EVC, including a number of rock-adapted species. The ground layer is usually sparse and species-poor except where it occurs in discrete patches and forms a mosaic with Rocky Outcrop Herbland.

Understorey: Life form Medium Shrub

#Spp7

%Cover25%


Prostrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 3 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 10% MTGScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover

85%

LF Code


Common NameShiny Cassinia

MS Exocarpos strictus Pale-fruit BallartMS Ozothmanus conditus Pepper EverlastingMS Ozothamnus rogersianus Nunniong

EverlastingSS Olearia iodochroa Violet Daisy-bushSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Derwentia perfoliata Digger's SpeedwellMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-

sedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyLTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-

grass

Recruitment:

Continuous

Organic Litter:

40 % cover

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact

MHMTG

Hypochoeris radicataVulpia bromoides

Cat's EarSquirrel-tail Fescue

highhigh

lowlow

EVC 28: Rocky Outcrop Shrubland - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 29: Damp Forest

Description:Grows on a wide range of geologies on well-developed generally colluvial soils on a variety of aspects, from sea level to montane elevations. Dominated by a tall eucalypt tree layer to 30 m tall over a medium to tall dense shrub layer of broad- leaved species typical of wet forest mixed with elements from dry forest types. The ground layer includes herbs and grasses as well as a variety of moisture-dependent ferns including occasional tree ferns.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus cypellocarpa

Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus muelleriana

Mountain Grey-gumMessmate Stringybark Yellow Stringybark


#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeIT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 15% TMedium Shrub 10 25% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 6 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 4 20% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFScrambler or Climber 4 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

EVC 29: Damp Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Elaeocarpus reticulatus Blue OliveberryT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus Lance Beard-heathMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Gonocarpus teucrioides s.l. Germander RaspwortLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Hierochloe rariflora Cane Holy-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Dianella caerulea var. caerulea Paroo LilyMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Blechnum cartilagineum Gristle FernGF Calochlaena dubia Common Ground-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Tylophora barbata Bearded TylophoraSC Smilax australis Austral Sarsaparilla



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.







East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 30: Wet Forest

Description:Grows on fertile, well-drained loamy soils on a range of geologies and elevation levels. It is largely restricted to protected sites in gullies and on southern aspects of hills and mountains where rainfall is high and cloud cover at ground level is frequent. Characterised by a tall eucalypt overstorey to 30 m tall with scattered understorey trees over a tall broad-leaved shrubby understorey and a moist, shaded, fern-rich ground layer that is usually dominated by tree-ferns.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus obliqua

Eucalyptus denticulata Eucalyptus regnansEucalyptus viminalis

Messmate StringybarkErrinundra Shining Gum Mountain AshManna Gum

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 4 20% TMedium Shrub 7 25% MSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 5 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 4 30% GFTree Fern 2 15% TRFEpiphyte 1 1% EPScrambler or Climber 4 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

EVC 30: Wet Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Olearia argophylla Musk Daisy-bushT Bedfordia arborescens Blanket-leafT Telopea oreades Gippsland WaratahMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassMTG Hierochloe rariflora Cane Holy-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Histiopteris incisa Bat's Wing FernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernEP Fieldia australis FieldiaSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Smilax australis Austral SarsaparillaSC Tylophora barbata Bearded Tylophora

Recruitment:Continuous (excepting Mountain Ash)


Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.


EVC.






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 31: Cool Temperate Rainforest

Description:Closed non-eucalypt forest to 25 m tall. Occurs in high rainfall areas protected from fire within Wet Forest. The understorey characterised by tree ferns and a rich epiphytic flora. The ground layer is dominated by a diversity of ground ferns.

Large trees:SpeciesElaeocarpus/Atherosperma

DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name50% Elaeocarpus holopetalusAtherosperma moschatum

Black OliveberrySouthern Sassafras

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF

codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 15% TMedium Shrub 4 10% MSMedium Herb 3 10% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 1% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 6 25% GFTree Fern 2 25% TRFEpiphyte 2 5% EPScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeT


Common NameGippsland Waratah

T Pittosporum bicolor BanyallaMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Leucopogon maccraei Subalpine Beard-heathMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Australina pusilla ssp. muelleri Shade NettleMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG r Uncinia nemoralis River Hook-sedgeMTG Libertia pulchella Pretty Grass-flagMNG Uncinia tenella Delicate Hook-sedgeGF Grammitis billardierei Common Finger-fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Histiopteris incisa Bat's Wing FernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernEP Crepidomanes venosum Veined Bristle-fernEP Fieldia australis FieldiaEP Hymenophyllum flabellatum Shiny Filmy FernSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Parsonsia brownii Twining SilkpodSC Smilax australis Austral Sarsaparilla

EVC 31: Cool Temperate Rainforest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1

ha.


EVC.




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East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 32: Warm Temperate Rainforest

Description:Closed forest to 20m tall occurring along small streams. Dominated by a range of non-eucalypt canopy species above an understorey of smaller trees and shrubs and usually visually dominated by ferns and climbers.

Large trees:SpeciesAcmena smithii

DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name50% Acmena smithii Lilly Pilly


#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeIT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 5 30% TMedium Shrub 6 15% MSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 8 25% GFTree Fern 2 20% TRFEpiphyte 4 10% EPScrambler or Climber 9 20% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

EVC 32: Warm Temperate Rainforest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Pomaderris aspera Hazel PomaderrisT Bedfordia arborescens Blanket-leafT Olearia argophylla Musk Daisy-bushMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Hedycarya angustifolia Austral MulberryMS Notelaea venosa Large Mock-oliveMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushLH Urtica incisa Scrub NettleMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Australina pusilla ssp. muelleri Shade NettleMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberrySH Pyrrosia rupestris Rock Felt-fernLTG Gahnia melanocarpa Black-fruit Saw-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum patersonii ssp. patersonii Strap Water-fernGF Lastreopsis acuminata Shiny Shield-fernGF Blechnum cartilagineum Gristle FernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernEP Fieldia australis FieldiaEP Microsorum scandens Fragrant FernEP Crepidomanes venosum Veined Bristle-fernEP Microsorum pustulatum ssp. pustulatum Kangaroo FernSC Smilax australis Austral SarsaparillaSC Eustrephus latifolius Wombat BerrySC Marsdenia rostrata Milk VineSC Cissus hypoglauca Jungle Grape



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.


EVC.






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 34: Dry Rainforest

Description:Open to closed non-eucalypt forest to 15 m tall. Occurs in areas of relatively low rainfall (750-900mm per annum) and primarily confined to topographic fire refuges most often associated with extensive cliffs, gorges and rock screes on northern and western aspects.

Large trees:SpeciesVarious spp.

DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha10 / ha


Name40% Bedfordia arborescensPittosporum bicolor

Blanket-leafBanyalla


#Spp %Cover5%


Medium Shrub 5 10% MSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 4 10% MHMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 5 20% GFTree Fern 2 30% TRFEpiphyte 2 1% EPScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code


Common NamePrickly Currant-bush

MS Kunzea ericoides BurganMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushLH Urtica incisa Scrub NettleLH Prasophyllum odoratum Scented Leek-orchidMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryMH Stackhousia monogyna Creamy StackhousiaMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Galium propinquum Maori BedstrawLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grass

MNG

Uncinia tenella Delicate Hook-sedgeM

NGMicrolaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass

GF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum patersonii ssp. patersonii Strap Water-fernGF Asplenium bulbiferum ssp. gracillimum Mother SpleenwortGF Grammitis billardierei Common Finger-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernEP Crepidomanes venosum Veined Bristle-fernEP Microsorum pustulatum ssp. pustulatum Kangaroo FernSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Smilax australis Austral SarsaparillaSC Parsonsia brownii Twining SilkpodSC Eustrephus latifolius Wombat Berry


EVC 34: Dry Rainforest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high high






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 35: Tableland Damp Forest

Description:Tall eucalypt forest to 30 m tall with an understorey dominated by a tall, diverse shrub layer of broad-leaved shrubs and heaths with sometimes a scattering of tree-ferns. The ground layer is dominated by a variety of herbs and graminoids. Occurs on topographically protected south-facing slopes and occasionally in gully heads on northern or western slopes in low relief montane areas.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus croajingolensis

Eucalyptus dalrympleana Eucalyptus

Gippsland PeppermintMountain Gum Errinundra Shining


#Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 20% TMedium Shrub 7 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 10% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 15% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler/Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL


EVC 35: Tableland Damp Forest – East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Telopea oreades Gippsland WaratahT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Persoonia silvatica Forest GeebungMS Tasmannia xerophila ssp. robusta Errinundra PepperMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperMS Leucopogon maccraei Subalpine Beard-heathSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Brachyscome aculeata Branching DaisyLH Drymophila cyanocarpa Turquoise BerryMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaSH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted PratiaLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Dichelachne rara Common Plume-grassMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common WoodrushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.


EVC.






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 36: Montane Dry Woodland

Description:Occurs on dry and exposed mid to upper slopes at montane elevations, often extending onto ridges in high rainfall areas. Effective rainfall may be enhanced by cold air drainage, low cloud cover and in some cases, persistent snow cover. Open forest to open woodland to 15 m tall, according to altitude, precipitation and frequency of fire. The shrubby understorey is an unusual combination of species, which tolerate exposed montane conditions and species which enjoy the increased moisture available from cloud and fog drip.


DBH(cm)50 cm

#/ha15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus pauciflora

Eucalyptus dives Eucalyptus rubida Eucalyptus mannifera

Snow GumBroad-leaved Peppermint CandlebarkBrittle Gum

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 20% TMallee Tree 1 1% MTMedium Shrub 6 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 9 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C


EVC 36: Montane Dry Woodland – East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Acacia obliquinervia Mountain Hickory WattleMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Prickly Bush-peaMS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia Showy VioletMH Asperula scoparia Prickly WoodruffSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Arthropodium milleflorum s.l. Pale Vanilla-lilyGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.







East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 37: Montane Grassy Woodland

Description:Occurs in montane elevations on moderately fertile soils on all aspects. An open eucalypt woodland to 10 m tall, sometimes with a secondary tree layer. The understorey often consists of a sparse shrub layer which can be variable in height. The EVC is characterised by its grassy ground cover together with a variety of other graminoids and herbs.


DBH(cm)50 cm

#/ha15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus dives

Eucalyptus rubidaBroad-leaved PeppermintCandlebark


#Spp %Cover5%


Medium Shrub 2 10% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 8 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF CodeT


Common NameSilver Wattle

MS Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Prickly Bush-peaMS Epacris impressa Common HeathSS Tetratheca bauerifolia Heath Pink-bellsSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Helichrysum scorpioides Button EverlastingSH Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Shining PennywortSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Luzula meridionalis var. meridionalis Common WoodrushMTG Diplarrena moraea White IrisMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grass

MNG

Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis

EVC 37: Montane Grassy Woodland - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high

high MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Earhigh low






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 38: Montane Damp Forest

Description:Grows on a wide range of geologies on well-developed generally colluvial soils on a variety of aspects at montane elevations. Dominated by a tall eucalypt tree layer to 30 m tall over a medium to tall dense shrub layer of broad-leaved species typical of wet forest mixed with elements from dry forest types. The ground layer includes herbs and grasses as well as a variety of moisture-dependent ferns.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name40% Eucalyptus delegatensis ssp. delegatensisEucalyptus rubida

Alpine AshCandlebark

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 20% TMedium Shrub 7 25% MSSmall Shrub 4 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFTree Fern 1 1% TRFScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL


EVC 38: Montane Damp Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Eucalyptus dives Broad-leaved PeppermintT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Lomatia myricoides River LomatiaMS Persoonia confertiflora Cluster-flower GeebungMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Tasmannia xerophila Alpine PepperSS Olearia megalophylla Large-leaf Daisy-bushSS k Leucopogon juniperinus Long-flower Beard-heathSS Ozothamnus thyrsoideus Sticky EverlastingSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerPS Persoonia chamaepeuce Dwarf GeebungPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Derwentia perfoliata Digger's SpeedwellLH Senecio hispidulus Rough FireweedLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Ranunculus plebeius s.l. Forest/Hairy ButtercupMH v Wahlenbergia densifolia Fairy BluebellSH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted PratiaSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Scleranthus biflorus s.l. Twin-flower KnawelSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Dichelachne crinita Long-hair Plume-grassMTG Dichelachne sciurea spp. agg. Short-hair Plume-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Stiped Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high

low MH Taraxacum officinale spp. agg.Garden Dandelion high low

LNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 39: Montane Wet Forest

Description:Grows on the most sheltered wet sites such as gully heads and south facing slopes at montane elevations in high rainfall areas. Soils are deep, fertile, well-drained and structureless and although well-drained, may remain saturated for long periods. The overstorey forms a tall open eucalypt forest to 30 m tall over a secondary tree layer with occasional tall shrubs which provide shade and protection for a fern-rich ground layer. Scattered herbs occur in gaps in the ground layer.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name40% Eucalyptus delegatensis ssp. delegatensis Alpine Ash

Understorey: Life

#Spp %Cover5%


Medium Shrub 5 25% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSMedium Herb 3 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 10% MTGGround Fern 4 30% GFTree Fern 2 10% TRFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeT



T Telopea oreades Gippsland WaratahT Elaeocarpus holopetalus Black OliveberryMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Prostanthera lasianthos Victorian Christmas-bushMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedge

LNG

Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassMTG Hierochloe rariflora Cane Holy-grassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Histiopteris incisa Bat's Wing FernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis

EVC 39: Montane Wet Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion



Logs:30 m/0.1

ha.


EVC.




www.dse.vic.gov.au


East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 40: Montane Riparian Woodland

Description:Associated with the peat-rich flats of perennial, meandering streams which flow through Montane Dry Woodland at montane elevations. Characterised by a low open woodland to 10 m tall with a dense riparian shrub layer lining the smaller creeks but on the larger streams may be largely non-treed. The ground layer contains a dense sward of grasses, herbs and sedges often associated with creeks or river margins.


DBH(cm)60 cm

#/ha15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus rubida

Eucalyptus camphora ssp. humeana Eucalyptus stellulata

CandlebarkMountain Swamp-gum Black Sallee


#Spp %Cover5%


Medium Shrub 3 10% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSLarge Herb 4 10% LHMedium Herb 12 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

Recruitment:

Continuous


Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

EVC 40: Montane Riparian Woodland - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Leptospermum grandifolium Mountain Tea-treeMS Baeckea gunniana Alpine BaeckeaMS Leptospermum myrtifolium Myrtle Tea-treeMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BrambleSS Epacris microphylla s.l. Coral HeathLH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerLH Veronica gracilis Slender SpeedwellLH Senecio hispidulus Rough FireweedMH Asperula pusilla Alpine WoodruffMH Asperula gunnii Mountain WoodruffMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Ranunculus amphitrichus Small River ButtercupSH r Gratiola nana Matted BrooklimeSH Scleranthus biflorus s.l. Twin-flower KnawelLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG r Scirpus polystachyus Large-head Club-sedgeLTG Juncus gregiflorus Green RushLTG Carex longebrachiata Bergalia TussockMTG Carex gaudichaudiana Fen SedgeMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Lachnagrostis aemula s.l. Leafy Blown-grassMTG Carex blakei Alpine SedgeMNG Isolepis crassiuscula Alpine Club-sedgeMNG Baumea gunnii Slender Twig-sedgeMNG Baloskion australe Mountain Cord-rushMNG Luzula campestris spp. agg. Field WoodrushGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum minus Soft Water-fern

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar low highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high highMH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high

low MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high lowMH Taraxacum officinale spp. agg. Garden Dandelion high low MH Batrachium trichophyllum Water Fennel high

highMH Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel high highSH Trifolium repens var. repens White Clover high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high

high MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high highMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 41: Montane Riparian Thicket

Description:Occurs in montane and sub-alpine areas, often within Montane Damp Forest along drainage lines, streams with gentle gradients and in soaks at the heads of gullies on south-facing aspects. The waterlogged soils are colluviums or alluviums rich in organic matter and it is a closed shrubland to 8 m tall in structure, often forming a narrow, linear strip. The understorey consists of a variety of shade-tolerant species. Along the stream flats ferns are the common life form while sedges, grasses and herbs form a sparse but diverse ground layer.


Name40% Leptospermum grandifolium Mountain Tea-tree


#Spp3

%Cover5%

LF codeMSSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SH

Large Tufted Graminoid 2 40% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 1% MTGGround Fern 3 20% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFEpiphyte 2 1% EPBryophytes/Lichens na 20 % BL

LF Code


Common Name

MS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-

orchidSH Chiloglottis cornuta Green Bird-orchidPH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-

sedgeLTG Juncus usitatus Billabong RushLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeMTG Isolepis subtilissima Mountain Club-

sedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyGF Grammitis billardierei Common Finger-

fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-

fernTRF Todea barbara Austral King-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernEP Microsorum pustulatum ssp. pustulatum Kangaroo FernEP Hymenophyllum peltatum Alpine Filmy Fern

Recruitment:

Continuous


Logs:5 m/0.1 ha (note: large log class does not apply)


EVC 41: Montane Riparian Thicket – East Gippsland Uplands bioregion






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 42: Sub-alpine Shrubland

Description:A sparse to dense dry shrubland that occurs above 1200 m where snow persists for long periods. Species diversity is relatively low due to the harsh environment of long periods of low temperatures, the dominance of exposed rock and shallow, skeletal soils. The dominant feature of this EVC is the dense, though sometimes patchy shrub-layer under scattered mallee-form eucalypts such as Black Sallee Eucalyptus stellulata, growing where soils accumulate in rock crevices. In the ground stratum herbs and grasses may be present in high numbers if the shrub layer is sparse.

Life forms: Life form #Spp %Cover LF

codeMedium Shrub 6 40% MSSmall Shrub 4 15% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code


Common NameAlpine Podolobium

MS Bossiaea foliosa Leafy BossiaeaMS Callistemon sieberi River BottlebrushMS Banksia canei Mountain BanksiaSS Baeckea ramosissima Rosy BaeckeaSS Leucopogon fraseri Sharp Beard-heathPS Pimelea alpina Alpine Rice-flowerPS Persoonia chamaepeuce Dwarf GeebungLH Brachyscome aculeata Branching DaisyLH Senecio pinnatifolius Variable GroundselLH Senecio gunnii Mountain FireweedLH Trachymene composita Parsnip TrachymeneMH Celmisia asteliifolia spp. agg. Silver DaisyMH Goodenia hederacea Ivy GoodeniaMH Erigeron pappocromus spp. agg. Violet FleabaneSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaSH Goodenia lanata Trailing GoodeniaSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidMTG Poa fawcettiae Horny Snow-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Deyeuxia scaberula Rough Bent-grass

MNG

Luzula campestris spp. agg. Field WoodrushM

NGEmpodisma minus Spreading Rope-rush

EVC 42: Sub-alpine Shrubland – East Gippsland Uplands bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 43: Sub-alpine Woodland

Description:Grows on a wide range of geologies and aspects, in the higher altitudinal levels above 1200 m. Rainfall is relatively high and snow may persist for long periods over winter. Soils are generally skeletal sandy clay loams with a rich humus topsoil layer. A low, open woodland to 10 m tall dominated by Snow Gum Eucalyptus pauciflora, with the understorey variously consisting of a rich suite of grasses and herbs, or a dense layer of woody shrubs, depending on soil fertility.


DBH(cm)40 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Name15% Eucalyptus pauciflora Snow Gum


#Spp %Cover5%


Medium Shrub 5 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 10% SSLarge Herb 3 10% LHMedium Herb 8 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF CodeT


Common NameMountain Hickory Wattle

MS Pultenaea forsythiana Prickly Bush-peaMS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaMS Tasmannia xerophila Alpine PepperSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathLH Senecio gunnii Mountain FireweedLH Brachyscome aculeata Branching DaisyMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Oreomyrrhis eriopoda Australian CarawayMH Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia Showy VioletMH Asperula gunnii Mountain WoodruffMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fern

EVC 43: Sub-alpine Woodland – East Gippsland Uplands bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 45: Shrubby Foothill Forest

Description:Occurs on ridges and mainly on southern and eastern slopes in association with Damp Forest or Wet Forest on moderately fertile soils and at a range of elevations. The overstorey is a medium eucalypt forest to 25 m tall over an understorey characterised by a distinctive middle strata dominated by a diversity of narrow-leaved shrubs and a paucity of ferns, graminoids and herbs in the ground stratum.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name40% Eucalyptus sieberiEucalyptus macrorhyncha

Silvertop AshRed Stringybark

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 9 30% MSSmall Shrub 5 15% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 5 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover

70%


EVC 45: Shrubby Foothill Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia falciformis Large-leaf Hickory-wattleT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartMS Persoonia confertiflora Cluster-flower GeebungMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Prickly Bush-peaMS Acacia terminalis Sunshine WattleSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Pimelea curviflora s.l. Curved Rice-flowerSS Dampiera stricta Blue DampieraSS Rhytidosporum procumbens White MarianthLH Stypandra glauca Nodding Blue-lilyMH Gonocarpus teucrioides s.l. Germander RaspwortMH Pomax umbellata PomaxMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Opercularia ovata Broad-leaf StinkweedLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Comesperma volubile Love CreeperSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Pandorea pandorana Wonga Vine



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.







East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 47: Valley Grassy Forest

Description:Valley Grassy Forest occurs under moderate rainfall regimes of 700-800 mm per annum on fertile well-drained colluvial or alluvial soils on gently undulating lower slopes and valley floors. Open forest to 25 m tall may carry a variety of eucalypts, usually species which prefer more moist or more fertile conditions over a sparse shrub cover. In season, a rich array of herbs, lilies, grasses and sedges dominate the ground layer but at the drier end of the spectrum the ground layer may be sparse and slightly less diverse, but with the moisture-loving species still remaining.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name20% Eucalyptus elataEucalyptus viminalis Eucalyptus globoidea

River PeppermintManna Gum White Stringybark Red Box


#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeIT


EVC 47: Valley Grassy Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Kunzea ericoides BurganMS Exocarpos strictus Pale-fruit BallartMS Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Prickly Bush-peaMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Acaena ovina Australian Sheep's BurrLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Veronica calycina Hairy SpeedwellSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Desmodium gunnii Southern Tick-trefoilSH Cymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear's-earSH Leptostigma reptans Dwarf NerteraLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Austrostipa rudis Veined Spear-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Echinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Glycine clandestina Twining GlycineSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.


high MS Prunus spp. Cherry Plum lowhigh

MS Rosa rubiginosa Briar Rose low highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high

low MH Gamochaeta purpurea s.l. Purple Cudweedhigh low

LNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 82: Riverine Escarpment Scrub

Description:Occurs on shallow colluvial soils along rocky cliffs and slopes associated with rivers and creeks and may extend onto alluvial terraces. Characterised by a small tree or large shrub layer to 10 m tall over a dense medium shrub layer and a ground layer, which can range from low to high diversity and consist of a variety of graminoids, grasses and herbs. Ferns can often be a major component of the ground stratum and emergent eucalypts may be present.


Name30% Acacia melanoxylonPomaderris aspera Tristaniopsis laurinaAcacia mearnsii

BlackwoodHazel Pomaderris KanookaBlack Wattle

Understorey: Life

#Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITMedium Shrub 10 30% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 9 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 3 10% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10 % BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover

75%

EVC 82: Riverine Escarpment Scrub - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Lasiopetalum macrophyllum Shrubby Velvet-bushMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushMS Kunzea ericoides BurganMS Babingtonia pluriflora Tall BaeckeaSS k Leucopogon juniperinus Long-flower Beard-heathSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Rhytidosporum procumbens White MarianthLH Urtica incisa Scrub NettleLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Stypandra glauca Nodding Blue-lilyMH Veronica plebeia Trailing SpeedwellMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Solanum prinophyllum Forest NightshadeMH Euchiton collinus s.s. Creeping CudweedSH Hydrocotyle tripartita Slender PennywortSH Galium propinquum Maori BedstrawSH Oxalis corniculata s.l. Yellow Wood-sorrelSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedLTG Lomandra longifolia ssp. exilis Cluster-headed Mat-rushLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common WoodrushMTG Carex fascicularis Tassel SedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock-fernGF Adiantum aethiopicum Common MaidenhairGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF r Polystichum formosum Broad Shield-fernEP Hymenophyllum cupressiforme Common Filmy FernSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Pandorea pandorana Wonga Vine



Logs:5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)


high LH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistlehigh low MH Hypochoeris

radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high lowMH Euphorbia peplus Petty Spurge high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 83: Swampy Riparian Woodland

Description:Woodland to 15 m tall generally occupying low energy streams of the foothills and plains. The lower strata are variously locally dominated by a range of large and medium shrub species on the stream levees in combination with large tussock grasses and sedges in the ground layer.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha10 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus camphora ssp. humeana Mountain Swamp-

gumUnderstorey:

Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% IT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 4 25% TMedium Shrub 4 20% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 15% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF CodeT


Common NameVictorian Christmas-bush

T Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodMS Leptospermum lanigerum Woolly Tea-treeMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushPS Xanthosia dissecta s.l. Cut-leaf XanthosiaLH Senecio minimus Shrubby FireweedLH Lycopus australis Australian GipsywortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock GrassLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Juncus procerus Tall RushLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedge

LNG

Baumea rubiginosa s.l. Soft Twig-rushL

NGPhragmites australis Common Reed

MTG Carex gaudichaudiana Fen SedgeMTG Dianella revoluta s.s. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rush

MNG

Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry


EVC 83: Swampy Riparian Woodland - East Gippsland Uplands bioregionRecruitment:

Continuous


Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high

low MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high

high MTG Briza maxima Large Quaking-grass high low






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 127: Valley Heathy Forest

Description:A low, open forest to 15 m tall with a sedgy/grassy understorey with a component of small ericoid shrubs and grass-trees. Soil and moisture factors are critical in delimiting the vegetation.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Character SpeciesEucalyptus bridgesiana s.l.

Common NameBut But

Eucalyptus dives Broad-leaved PeppermintEucalyptus consideniana Yertchuk

Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Red StringybarkEucalyptus mannifera Brittle Gum


#Spp %Cover5%


Medium Shrub 5 20% MSSmall Shrub 5 10% SSProstrate Shrub 2 15% PSLarge Herb 1 5% LHMedium Herb 12 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 5 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF CodeT


Common NameBlackwood

MS Kunzea ericoides BurganMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Pimelea linifolia Slender Rice-flowerSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Tetratheca bauerifolia Heath Pink-bellsSS Leucopogon virgatus Common Beard-heathSS Podolobium procumbens Trailing PodolobiumPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia Showy VioletMH Veronica calycina Hairy SpeedwellSH Cymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear's-earSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedge

MNG

Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass


EVC 127: Valley Heathy Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high

high LH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high low MH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high low MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high

low MNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low


• the copyright owner is acknowledged;www.dse.vic.gov.au


East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 133: Limestone Pomaderris Shrubland

Description:Open woodland to 10 m tall or shrubland with scattered emergent eucalypts to 5 m tall occurring on steep, north facing aspects associated with limestone cliffs with an understorey dominated by medium shrubs. It is found at altitudes of 750 m above sea level and receives a moderate rainfall of approximately over 700 mm per annum.

+ woodland onl y components (ignore when assessing shrubland areas and standardise final score as appropriate)

Large trees+:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 60 cm 10 /

haTree Canopy Cover+:

%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus nortonii

Eucalyptus globulus Eucalyptus

Silver BundyBlue Gum Manna Gum

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree+ 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub+ 2 10% TMedium Shrub 9 45% MSSmall Shrub 2 1% SSLarge Herb 5 5% LHMedium Herb 10 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 20% MTGScrambler or Climber 3 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

EVC 133: Limestone Pomaderris Shrubland - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT+ Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping SheoakT+ Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS K v Ozothamnus adnatus Winged EverlastingMS Bursaria spinosa ssp. lasiophylla Hairy BursariaMS R r Pomaderris oraria ssp. calcicola Limestone PomaderrisMS R r Pomaderris oraria Bassian PomaderrisSS r Pimelea flava ssp. dichotoma Diosma Rice-flowerSS Pimelea glauca Smooth Rice-flowerPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedLH r Arthropodium sp. 1 (robust glaucous) Tall Vanilla-lilyMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelMH Daucus glochidiatus Australian CarrotMH Galium migrans Wandering BedstrawSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink BindweedSH Cymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear's-earLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Austrostipa nodosa Knotty Spear-grassLTG Austrostipa blackii Crested Spear-grassMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassGF Pleurosorus rutifolius s.l. Blanket FernSC k Clematis microphylla var. leptophylla Skeleton VineSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved Clematis



Logs+:5 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:www.dse.vic.gov.au


East Gippsland Uplands Bioregion

EVC 133_61: Treed Limestone Pomaderris ShrublandDescription:Open woodland to 10 m tall or shrubland with scattered emergent eucalypts to 5 m tall occurring on steep, north facing aspects associated with limestone cliffs with an understorey dominated by medium shrubs. It is found at altitudes of 750 m above sea level and receives a moderate rainfall of approximately over 700 mm per annum.

Large Trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 60 cm 10 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name10% Eucalyptus globulus

Eucalyptus nortonii Eucalyptus viminalis

Southern Blue-gum Silver Bundy Manna Gum

Understorey: Lifeform #Spp %Cover LF CodeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium ShrubSmall Shrub Large Herb Medium HerbSmall or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted GraminoidMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber

2 10% T9 45% MS2 1% SS5 5% LH10 15% MH3 5% SH2 5% LTG7 20% MTG3 1% SC

Bryophytes/Lichens 10% BLSoil Crust 10% S/C

Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark

EVC 133_61: Treed Limestone Pomaderris Shrubland

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping SheoakT Banksia marginata Silver BanksiaMS Bursaria spinosa subsp. lasiophylla Hairy BursariaMS v Ozothamnus adnatus Winged EverlastingMS r Pomaderris oraria Bassian PomaderrisMS r Pomaderris oraria subsp. calcicola Limestone PomaderrisSS r Pimelea flava subsp. dichotoma Diosma Rice-flowerSS Pimelea glauca Smooth Rice-flowerLH r Arthropodium sp. 1 (robust glaucous) Tall Vanilla-lilyLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedLH Wahlenbergia gracilis Sprawling BluebellMH Daucus glochidiatus Australian CarrotMH Galium migrans Wandering BedstrawMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink BindweedSH Cymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear's-earSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortLTG Austrostipa blackii Crested Spear-grassLTG Austrostipa nodosa Knotty Spear-grassLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved ClematisSC k Clematis microphylla var. leptophylla Skeleton Vine

Recruitment:Continuous.


Logs:5 m/0.1ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high lowMH Veronica persica Persian Speedwell high lowMTG Catapodium rigidum Fern Grass high low LH Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury high low MH Stellaria media Chickweed high low MH Cardamine hirsuta s.l. Common Bitter-cress high low MH Taraxacum officinale spp. agg. Garden Dandelion high low MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high low MH Galium murale Small Goosegrass high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowMH Petrorhagia dubia Velvety Pink high lowMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar low high

Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark


East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 135: Gallery Rainforest

Description:Closed forest to 20 m tall occurring along the fringes of substantial streams that periodically flood. The understorey comprises of a number of willowy shrubs that can withstand flooding while mature woody vines are generally absent.

Large trees:SpeciesVarious spp.

DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name50% Acmena smithiiAcacia melanoxylon

Lilly PillyBlackwood

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 15% TMedium Shrub 12 25% MSLarge Herb 3 1% LHMedium Herb 11 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGGround Fern 8 20% GFTree Fern 2 5% TRFEpiphyte 2 1% EPScrambler or Climber 8 10% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

EVC 135: Gallery Rainforest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Pomaderris aspera Hazel PomaderrisT Elaeocarpus reticulatus Blue OliveberryMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushMS Hedycarya angustifolia Austral MulberryMS Goodenia ovata Hop GoodeniaLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMH Gratiola peruviana Austral BrooklimeSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle tripartita Slender PennywortLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Isolepis inundata Swamp Club-sedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Echinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassMNG Oplismenus hirtellus Australian Basket-grassGF Adiantum aethiopicum Common MaidenhairGF Calochlaena dubia Common Ground-fernGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fernGF Blechnum cartilagineum Gristle FernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernEP Hymenophyllum cupressiforme Common Filmy FernSC Smilax australis Austral SarsaparillaSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Eustrephus latifolius Wombat BerrySC Tylophora barbata Bearded Tylophora



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.


high LH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistlehigh high

MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high low






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 169: Dry Valley Forest

Description:Open eucalypt forest to 20 m tall occurring along minor gullies, ephemeral streams and river flats. The overstorey may contain a range of eucalypts typical of drier environments over an understorey of scattered shrubs and a notably mossy herb-rich groundcover.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Character SpeciesEucalyptus melliodora

Common NameYellow Box

Eucalyptus globoidea White StringybarkEucalyptus muelleriana Yellow StringybarkEucalyptus polyanthemos Red BoxEucalyptus macrorhyncha Red StringybarkEucalyptus radiata s.l. Narrow-leaf

PeppermintEucalyptus bridgesiana s.l. But But

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 15% TMedium Shrub 6 30% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 10 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 3 5% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL


EVC 169: Dry Valley Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia falciformis Large-leaf Hickory-wattleT Acacia mearnsii Black WattleMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Kunzea ericoides BurganMS Indigofera australis Austral IndigoMS Ozothamnus ferrugineus Tree EverlastingSS Phyllanthus hirtellus Thyme SpurgeSS Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flowerSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedLH Xerochrysum bracteatum Golden EverlastingLH Mentha laxiflora Forest MintMH Veronica plebeia Trailing SpeedwellMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Solanum prinophyllum Forest NightshadeSH Oxalis corniculata s.l. Yellow Wood-sorrelSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Crassula sieberiana Sieber CrassulaSH Galium propinquum Maori BedstrawLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Lepidosperma urophorum Tailed Rapier-sedgeLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Imperata cylindrica Blady GrassMTG Austrodanthonia bipartita s.l. Leafy Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Luzula campestris spp. agg. Field WoodrushMNG Entolasia marginata Bordered PanicMNG Echinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock-fernGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernGF Pellaea falcata s.l. Sickle FernGF Doodia australis Common Rasp-fernEP Cassytha melantha Coarse www.dse.vic.gov.au


East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 175_61: Rainshadow Grassy Woodland

Description:A variable open eucalypt woodland to 15m tall over a diverse ground layer of grasses and herbs. The shrub component is usually sparse. It occurs on sites with moderate fertility on gentle slopes or undulating hills on a range of geologies.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Name15% Eucalyptus albens White Box


#Spp %Cover5%


Medium Shrub 4 15% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF CodeT


Common NameBlack Wattle

T Acacia implexa LightwoodT Brachychiton populneus ssp. populneus KurrajongMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Kunzea ericoides BurganMS Ozothamnus conditus Pepper EverlastingMS Indigofera australis Austral IndigoSS Lissanthe strigosa ssp. subulata Peach HeathPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Cymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear's-earMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock-fernSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved ClematisSC Glycine clandestina Twining GlycineSC Glycine tabacina s.l. Variable Glycine

EVC 175_61: Rainshadow Grassy Woodland - East Gippsland Uplands BioregionRecruitment:

Continuous


Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar low highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high low






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 175_62: Limestone Grassy Woodland

Description:A variable open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall over a diverse ground layer of grasses and herbs. The shrub component is usually sparse. It occurs on sites with moderate fertility on gentle slopes or undulating hills on limestone-derived soils.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Name15% Eucalyptus melliodoraEucalyptus mannifera ssp. mannifera Eucalyptus viminalis s.l.Eucalyptus rubida

Yellow BoxBrittle Gum Manna Gum

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 10% TMedium Shrub 3 15% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 25% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

EVC 175_62: Limestone Grassy Woodland – East Gippsland Uplands bioregionLF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name

T Acacia mearnsii Black WattleT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Acacia implexa LightwoodT V v Acacia caerulescens Limestone Blue WattleMS Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Tree VioletMS Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Sweet BursariaMS Kunzea ericoides BurganPS Astroloma humifusum Cranberry HeathLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Acaena echinata Sheep’s-burrMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrelSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Dichondra repens KidneyweedLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Bothriochloa macra Red-leg GrassMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Echinopogon ovatus Hedgehog GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Clematis microphylla Small-leaved ClematisSC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar low high MS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high high MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowwww.dse.vic.gov.au


East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 177: Valley Slopes Dry Forest

Description:Open eucalypt forest to 20 m tall. Occurs on steep, eroding slopes in dry country above the Mitchell, Dargo and Tambo Rivers. Soils are skeletal though fertile and well-drained, with occasional rock outcropping which constantly erodes and falls into the river where it undercuts steep slopes. The unconsolidated soils are partially due to low biomass in the vegetation, which does little to bind the soil. This EVC carries a mixture of wet and dry species as river fogs and river margins provide increased moisture and hence the understorey consists of a mix of species common to both drier and wetter sites that do not usually occur together.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name30% Eucalyptus polyanthemosEucalyptus melliodora Eucalyptus elata

Red BoxYellow BoxRiver Peppermint

Understorey: Life

#Spp %Cover5%


Medium Shrub 5 20% MSProstrate Shrub 1 5% PSLarge Herb 1 5% LHMedium Herb 3 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 5% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10 % BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover

50%

LF CodeT


Common NameCherry Ballart

T Acacia silvestris Red WattleMS Phyllanthus gunnii Shrubby SpurgeMS Philotheca trachyphylla Rock Wax-flowerMS Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Tree VioletMS Cassinia trinerva Three-nerved CassiniaPS Xanthosia dissecta s.l. Cut-leaf XanthosiaLH Plectranthus parviflorus Cockspur FlowerMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMH Rumex brownii Slender DockMH Einadia hastata SaloopSH Oxalis chnoodes Plains Wood-sorrelMTG Notodanthonia longifolia Long-leaf Wallaby-grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassSC k Clematis microphylla var. leptophylla Skeleton VineSC Marsdenia rostrata Milk Vine


EVC 177: Valley Slopes Dry Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactSS Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Blackberry high

high LH Sonchus asper s.l. Rough Sow-thistle high low MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH

Moenchia erecta Erect Chickweed high low MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high low MH Aphanes arvensis Parsley Piert high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Aira cupaniana Quicksilver Grass high lowMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high low





%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus delegatensis ssp. delegatensis

Eucalyptus croajingolensis Eucalyptus obliqua

Alpine AshGippsland Peppermint Messmate


East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 201: Shrubby Wet ForestDescription:Tall eucalypt forest to 30 m tall with scattered understorey trees over a tall broad-leaved shrubby understorey and a moist, shaded, fern-rich ground layer that is usually dominated by tree-ferns. Herbs may also be abundant where light penetrates the ground layer.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:

Understorey: Life form #Spp %CoverImmature Canopy Tree 5%Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 20%Medium Shrub 7 25%Small Shrub 3 10%Large Herb 2 1%Medium Herb 8 15%Small or Prostrate Herb 2 1%Large Tufted Graminoid 1 1%Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15%Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1%Ground Fern 2 5%Bryophytes/Lichens na 20%

LF CodeT



MS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Ozothamnus thyrsoideus Sticky EverlastingSS Olearia megalophylla Large-leaf Daisy-bushSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellLH Arthropodium milleflorum s.l. Pale Vanilla-lilyMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelLTG Lomandra longifolia ssp. exilis Cluster-headed Mat-ruLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common WoodrushMTG Deyeuxia monticola var. monticola Mountain Bent-grassMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fern


EVC 201: Shrubby Wet Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high low






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 206: Sub-alpine Grassland

Description:Occurs primarily in areas at altitudes of around 1200 m above sea level. Structurally and floristically this EVC is dominated by grasses. Any shrubs present tend to be small and cryptic. The fertile and highly organic soils which are generally derived from granodiorite provide a suitable substrate for a lush cover of grasses and herbs, many specific to montane/sub-alpine environments. Snow persists for several months over winter. Species richness is low, indicative of the harsh environment.

Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub

#Spp1

%Cover5%


Prostrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 11 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code


Common NameAlpine Baeckea

SS Grevillea australis Alpine GrevilleaSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-

heathSS Hovea montana Alpine Rusty-podsPS Pimelea alpina Alpine Rice-flowerMH Asperula gunnii Mountain WoodruffMH Celmisia asteliifolia spp. agg. Silver DaisyMH Leptorhynchos squamatus Scaly ButtonsMH Craspedia glauca spp. agg. Common Billy-

buttonsSH Scleranthus biflorus s.l. Twin-flower KnawelSH Gonocarpus micranthus ssp. micranthus Creeping RaspwortSH Cotula alpina Alpine CotulaMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-

sedgeMTG Poa fawcettiae Horny Snow-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Poa costiniana Bog Snow-grassMNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-

rushR

ecruitment:Continuous

Organic Litter:

10% Cover

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact

MHMH SH

Acetosella vulgarisHypochoeris radicata Trifolium repens var. repens

Sheep SorrelCat's Ear White Clover

highhigh

hig

highlow high

EVC 206: Sub-alpine Grassland – East Gippsland Uplands bioregion






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 316: Shrubby Damp Forest

Description:Grows in gullies and on protected slopes on relatively skeletal but fertile sedimentary soils. Occurs at elevations of around 500 m above sea level and receives a low to moderate annual rainfall of approximately 750 mm. The overstorey includes a variety of Eucalypt species to 25 m tall. The dense mid stratum is comprised of medium to large shrubs characteristic of both drier and damper environments. The ground layer has a sparse cover of grasses and herbs, and commonly includes Austral Bracken.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name40% Eucalyptus cypellocarpaEucalyptus globoidea Eucalyptus polyanthemos

Mountain Grey-gumWhite Stringybark


#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeIT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 6 25% MSSmall Shrub 2 1% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 10 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 15% MTGGround Fern 2 15% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFScrambler or Climber 3 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

EVC 316: Shrubby Damp Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Goodenia ovata Hop GoodeniaMS Epacris impressa Common HeathSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushLH Stypandra glauca Nodding Blue-lilyMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisySH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Opercularia varia Variable StinkweedSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassLNG Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Calochlaena dubia Common Ground-fernTRF Cyathea australis Rough Tree-fernEP Cassytha melantha Coarse Dodder-laurelSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-peaSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berrySC Comesperma volubile Love Creeper



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.


high MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Earhigh low

MH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high low






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 318: Montane Swamp

Description:Forms in drainage-lines on wet alluviums at montane and sub-montane elevations where annual rainfall is in the order of 650- 750 mm. The vegetation is virtually treeless but occasional eucalypt emergents may be present. Characterised by an open shrub layer and a ground layer with a diversity of sedges, grasses, herbs and ferns.

Life Forms: Life

#Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 5 20% MS

Small Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 3 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 4 15% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 40% BL

LF Code


Common Name

MS Leptospermum myrtifolium Myrtle Tea-treeMS Epacris breviflora Drumstick HeathMS Hakea microcarpa Small-fruit HakeaSS Epacris microphylla s.l. Coral HeathMH Asperula conferta Common WoodruffSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeMTG Schoenus apogon Common Bog-

sedgeMTG Isolepis subtilissima Club-sedgeMTG Festuca asperula Graceful FescueMTG Poa costiniana Prickly Snow-grassMNG Baloskion australe Mountain Cord-

rushMNG Baumea gunnii Slender Twig-sedgeMNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rushGF Blechnum penna-marina ssp. alpina Alpine Water-fern

Recruitment:

Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years.

Organic Litter:

10% cover

Weediness:LF Code

MHTypical Weed SpeciesHypochoeris radicata

Common NameCat's Ear

Invasivehigh

Impactlow

EVC 318: Montane Swamp - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 319: Montane Herb-rich Woodland

Description:Occurs on southern and eastern-facing slopes or in protected gullies at elevations of around 1000 m above sea level, and receives a high rainfall of almost 1110 mm per annum. It is subject to cold air drainage, which influences the species mix. A mixture of eucalypts to 25 m tall forms the overstorey, with Silver Wattle abundant below. The shrub layer is neither diverse nor dense. The ground layer carries a diversity of herbs, graminoids and grasses. Climbers are commonly present.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus dives

Eucalyptus mannifera ssp. mannifera Eucalyptus rubida

Broad-leaved PeppermintBrittle Gum Candlebark


#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeIT


EVC 319: Montane Herb-rich Woodland - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Exocarpos strictus Pale-fruit BallartMS Choretrum pauciflorum Dwarf Sour-bushMS Leucopogon fletcheri ssp. brevisepalus Twin-flower Beard-heathSS Tetratheca bauerifolia Heath Pink-bellsSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellMH Euchiton collinus s.s. Creeping CudweedMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Galium ciliare Hairy BedstrawSH Cymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear's-earLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Dichelachne sciurea spp. agg. Short-hair Plume-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Austrodanthonia pilosa Velvet Wallaby-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernSC Clematis aristata Mountain ClematisSC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high

low MH Cerastium semidecandrum s.l.Mouse-ear Chickweed high low

MH Taraxacum officinale spp. agg. Garden Dandelion highlow MNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-

grass high low






East Gippsland Uplands bioregionEVC 877: Lowland Herb-rich Forest

Description:Primarily occurs in gullies and along slopes, and soils are reasonably fertile colluvial loams. Open eucalypt forest to 20 m tall with a range of medium shrubs conspicuous in the mid-stratum. The ground stratum is dominated by a dense cover of grasses and a high diversity of tussock-forming graminoids and herbs. There is a diversity of vines and scramblers.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name30% Eucalyptus globoideaEucalyptus macrorhyncha Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l.

White StringybarkRed Stringybark Bundy


#Spp %Cover5%


Medium Shrub 4 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 4 10% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 15% MTGScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover

75%

LF CodeMS


Common NameAustral Indigo

MS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Olearia lirata Snowy Daisy-bushMS r Beyeria lasiocarpa Wallaby-bushSS Olearia iodochroa Violet Daisy-bushSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerLH Stypandra glauca Nodding Blue-lilyLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Helichrysum leucopsideum Satin EverlastingMH Pomax umbellata PomaxMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Veronica calycina Hairy SpeedwellLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rush

LNG

Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedgeMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassEP Amyema spp. MistletoeSC Billardiera scandens Common Apple-berry

EVC 877: Lowland Herb-rich Forest - East Gippsland Uplands bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high low LH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high

highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high

low MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high low





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