DEPARTMENT MECHANICAL ENGINEERING … Competition held in Alabama, and 2nd in a field of 65 at the...

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING‐ ENGINEERING MECHANICS

Research Brochure

Message from the Chair Advanced Power Systems Research Group Engineering Education Innovation Research Group Mechanics of Multi‐Scale Materials Research Group Multi‐Scale Systems and Sensors Research Group Space Systems Research Group Sustainable Manufacturing and Design Research Group Faculty Profiles

Michigan Technological University 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931-1295

www.me.mtu.edu

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Fall 2009 Message from the Department Chair

Dr. William W. Predebon

Department of Mechanical Engineering‐Engineering Mechanics

Michigan Technological University

Houghton, Michigan USA

Brief History Michigan Technological University has its roots in the mining and mineral industry. The University was established on February 20, 1885, under Senate Bill 211 as the Michigan School of Mines. During its history it has gone through several name changes from its start as the Michigan School of Mines to the Michigan College of Mines in 1896; to the Michigan College of Mining and Technology in 1927; and to its current name, Michigan Technological University, in 1963. The Bachelor of Science Degree in Mechanical Engineering was established at Michigan Tech in 1928. Michigan Tech has the reputation of providing a quality engineering education. It has had, and continues to have, some of the largest undergraduate engineering programs in the U.S. In particular, our ABET accredited Mechanical Engineering degree program has been in the top eight (8) Mechanical Engineering Departments in the U.S. for twenty‐six (26) consecutive years based on BSME degrees granted. For the 2007‐2008 Academic Year we were number eight (8) in the U.S. with 251 BSME graduates. Rankings Our Graduate Program is ranked 48th nationally among doctoral granting mechanical engineering departments in the U.S. by the 2010 U. S. News & World Report: America’s Best Graduate Schools. Our Undergraduate Program is ranked 22nd nationally among doctoral granting mechanical engineering departments in the U.S. by the 2008 U. S. News & World Report: America’s Best Colleges. The National Science Foundation (NSF) ranked the ME‐EM Department 22nd in research expenditures at $11.512 million in FY 2007 among all mechanical engineering departments in the U.S. In the Fall of 2009 our graduate student enrollment was 230 of which 83 are PhD students. We also offer an our PhD and MS degrees all via distance learning technologies. Competitions, Design Programs & Awards The Michigan Tech Aerospace Enterprise won third place nationally out of eleven university teams in the University Nanosatellite Flight Competition Review (FCR). The FCR was held in Albuquerque, NM on January 19‐20, 2009. The Michigan Tech Team also received the Best K‐12 Outreach Award for the team’s efforts in educating over 750 K‐12 students during the two‐year project. The team is under consideration for an orbital launch of the vehicle through a Department of Defense program. Michigan Tech was awarded another

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contract for $100k to further refine the satellite for the next FCR to be held January 2011. The team’s faculty advisor is Dr. L. Brad King (associate professor, ME‐EM). The Michigan Tech Clean Snowmobile Challenge (CSC) Enterprise Team earned 2nd place overall at the 2010 CSC Competition held at Michigan Tech this March 15‐20, 2010. The Michigan Tech team won the following awards in the Fueled Class: 2nd Place Overall, Best Performance, Best Design, and Simulation‐Driven Design. Dr. Jason Blough (associate professor, ME‐EM) is the team’s advisor. To view awards go to: http://www.mtukrc.org/snowmobile.html. The ME students regularly compete in many national competitions with the following results in 2008‐2009: Michigan Tech Aero Team earned 1st place at the SAE Aero East National Competition and 3rd place at the SAE Aero West National Competition. Other 2009 competitions include: 8th in a field of 88 teams at the SAE Mini Baja Competition held in Alabama, and 2nd in a field of 65 at the SAE Mini Baja Competition in Oregon. The SAE Formula Car was 42nd out of 136 teams and 34th in endurance‐economy. A team of six Senior Capstone Design students (Katie Olkkonen, Caleb Colyer, Tyler Blank, Nathan Fetting, Luke Winter, and Eric Boeckers) designed and built a human‐powered grain processor for a remote village in Zambia, Africa. Utilizing materials readily available to the villagers, the processor can be operated by people as young as 10 in grinding maize into flour, the staple of their diet. Advised by Professor John Beard, the project was sponsored by MTU ME‐EM Alumn Dr. Terry Woychowski's family charitable foundation. Holland provided sponsorship for five students (Andrew Jaworski, Kevin Temple, Ryan Sullivan, Kevin Bence, and Jason Hammel) to develop a Next Generation Tractor‐Trailer Interface to make the process of connecting a trailer to a tractor safer, easier, and more efficient. The students, advised by ME‐EM staff member Mike LaCourt, successfully developed a working prototype upon which the company expects to pursue patent rights. The Department is the largest department on campus with forty (40) faculty and twenty nine (29) staff. Dr. Jeffrey Allen earned a 2009 SAE Ralph R. Teetor Educational Award, which to places us 2nd for the most Teetor Awards among all universities in the U.S. Fundraising The Department completed Phase I of its Campaign “Building for the Future” in 2002 having raised $3.4 million in support of our undergraduate program laboratories and equipment and new learning environments. In 2003 Phase II of our Campaign “Endowing Excellence” began with a goal of $54 million. The focus of Phase II is people; attracting, rewarding, and retaining the best faculty, staff and students. The goals are endowed faculty chairs and professorship, endowed fellowships and scholarships, endowed student education programs, and endowing the ME‐EM Department. To date we have raised $25 million. Organization The Department is organized into five research groups to better prepare the department to respond to large, collaborative interdisciplinary research requests for proposals in order to achieve our vision. Our vision is to be a nationally recognized mechanical engineering department that attracts, rewards, and retains outstanding faculty, students, and staff. The Mechanical Engineering‐Engineering Mechanics department’s mission to prepare engineering students for a successful career is strongly supported by our vision and dependent on the department’s research. Research today occurs at the interfaces of different fields of engineering and science.

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To stay at the forefront of technology, these research groups are designed to encourage intra‐ME‐EM Department technical areas, inter‐department, inter‐college/school, and inter‐university collaboration. Our long term goal is for each group to become a university center or institute and eventually, national research centers. With limitless possibilities for interdisciplinary investigation, these research groups will engage more faculty members in research activities and foster synergy across the department and the university. The research groups are: Advanced Power Systems Engineering Education Innovation Mechanics of Multi‐Scale Materials Multi‐Scale Systems and Sensors Space Systems Our department has four Technical Areas: Design and Dynamic Systems, Energy‐Thermo‐Fluids, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering and Solid Mechanics. These areas of specialization provide a solid foundation for a diverse curriculum and innovative research. More about Houghton, Michigan Houghton lies in the heart of the Upper Michigan’s scenic Keweenaw Peninsula. The campus overlooks Portage Lake and is just a few miles from Lake Superior. The area’s expansive waters and forests, including the University’s 600‐acre recreational forest adjoining campus, offer students unparalleled opportunity for outdoor recreation. Houghton has a population of about 7,400 residents. The University’s more than 7,000 students from many states and foreign countries make the area a vibrant multicultural community. Houghton is rated the safest college town in Michigan and the eighth‐safest in the nation. It also has been named one of the nation’s top‐ten summer sports areas, and one of the ten best places in the country to live.

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RESEARCH GROUPS

Advanced Power Systems Engineering Educational Innovation Mechanics of Multi‐Scale Materials Multi‐Scale Sensors and Systems Space Systems

DEPARTMENT OF

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING‐ENGINEERING MECHANICS

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T he mission is to develop critical technologies for clean, efficient and sustainable power systems. Focus areas include engines, fuel cells, wind turbines, and

modeling of energy transport and conversion processes. Current engine research topics include internal combustion engines, after‐treatment, and the development and application of advanced experimental techniques, signal processing technologies, theoretical models, and embedded control to characterize the thermo‐physical processes. Current areas of research focus on biofuels, including ethanol, with production from sources including forest products and application in advanced combustion engines. Alternative fuel research includes hydrogen, and hydrogen‐enhanced gasoline combustion. Other ongoing research topics include in‐cylinder heat transfer, high degree‐of‐freedom SI engine optimization, combustion knock, diesel real‐time combustion detection and feedback control, fundamental droplet interaction and atomization studies, detailed characterization and model development of diesel after‐treatment devices including catalytic converter, catalyzed particulate filters, noise modeling, intake flow calculations, hybrid powertrain design/testing, boiling heat transfer predictions, characterization of cavitation in torque converters. Fuel Cell research involves using nanotechnology, physics, materials science, and fluid dynamics to build better fuel cells. In particular, research is focused on fuel cell design improving water management based on capillary action in the diffusion layers and the bipolar plates. Researchers are investigating the “wetability” of the channel walls, to make them more slippery, and changing their geometry to facilitate flow. Other investigators are researching the sustainability of fuel cells, and development of bipolar cells that can be recycled using thermoplastic polymer with multiple carbon fillers that can be remelted. Wind‐turbine technology research is focused on reducing the uncertainties related to blade dynamics, by the improvement of the quality of numerical simulations of the fluid‐structure interaction, and by better understanding the underlying physics. The goal is to introduce new technological solutions that improve the economics of blade design, manufacturing & transport logistics by: First, cutting down weight by

reduction of the safety factors used in blade design; second, reducing the amount of qualified labor and the use of expensive materials; and third, introducing the concept of a “modular” blade, split into easy‐to‐handle segments, to overcome bottlenecks in the transport and lifting logistics. The approach is to create a Virtual Test Environment, where innovative prototype blades may be tested at “real” full‐scale conditions, by combining two advanced numerical models implemented in a parallel HPC supercomputer platform: A model of the vortex dynamics of unsteady separated flows by Vorticity‐Velocity Self‐Adaptive algorithms; and a model of the structural response of heterogeneous composite blades by Variational‐Asymptotic Beam Theory techniques Significant Newly Awarded Projects (Awarded after close of FY 09):

Diesel Emissions Aftertreatment: The three‐year, $2.8 million project is being funded largely by a $1.7 million grant from the US Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory. Additional support and in‐kind goods, services and expertise is provided by the partners from the diesel engine companies Cummins, John Deere, and Navistar; sensor manufacturer Watlow; and Johnson Matthey, a producer of diesel catalysts and pollution‐control systems. Scientists at Oak Ridge and Pacific Northwest National Laboratories are also collaborating.

The overall goal for this project is energy efficient emission control for heavy‐duty diesel engines and the development of accurate methods for On Board Diagnostics (OBD). Energy efficiency impacts associated with emission control can be classified as direct or indirect. Diesel particulate filters (DPFs) have two direct fuel penalty effects. First, active regeneration, to oxidize accumulated particulate matter (PM), can result in a fuel penalty. Second, inefficient regeneration control strategies can cause unnecessary exhaust backpressure, and potentially fuel penalties due to inefficient engine operation. The inability to identify and adapt control strategies to aging or compromised components is a secondary fuel penalty scenario. Taken to the extreme, this falls into the category of the need for on‐board diagnostics (OBD).

Selective catalytic reduction devices (SCRs) are used to reduce exhaust NOx levels through reaction with ammonia. The typical ammonia delivery mechanism is through injection

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Advanced Power Systems Research Center

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of liquid urea. The fuel penalty associated with inefficient SCR operation arises from over injection of urea. This requires more frequent resupply and wastes the energy required for urea production and distribution. Excessive ammonia slippage, an unregulated toxic emission, is a side outcome of this scenario and should be minimized through proper control and OBD strategy implementation.

Exploration of biodiesel effects on DPF and SCR functionality, with particular attention to control system impact, is another aspect of this study. The results of this research could have significant indirect fuel efficiency impact not only in proper functioning of DPFs and SCRs on engines using biodiesel, but also in reducing the U.S. reliance on diesel fuel which comes from foreign crude. Biodiesel blends are becoming more common and many manufactures are certifying to 20% biodiesel similar to the use of ethanol in gasoline engines, however the engine and emission systems can react very differently to even these low biodiesel blends. With proper technology, biodiesel could provide even lower emissions than traditional fuel without sacrificing fuel economy.

The researchers will create models and methods to

improve the performance of both systems. One focus of their

models will be for on‐board diagnostics.

Current research highlights: Visualization of Fuel Cell Water Transport and Performance Characterization: The project, Visualization of Fuel Cell Water Transport and Performance Characterization, will explore water transport and accumulation in automotive fuel cells with the goal to develop components and materials which minimize water accumulation and freeze damage which degrade performance and durability of automotive fuel cells. The objectives of this project will be accomplished through an iterative approach that starts at the component level, synthesizes this fundamental learning into combinatorial ex‐situ experiments with nearly full visual access, and then progresses to increasingly more complex in situ experiments that utilize advanced diagnostic methods such as current density and high‐frequency resistance (HFR) distributions and neutron radiography. Both experimental and modeling tools will be used to evaluate ex‐situ and in situ performance. The success of the proposed project lies in new materials, improved design concepts and operating strategies. These can be combined to improve fuel cell performance through control of liquid water, mitigation of water accumulation and dehumidification, and suppression of the effects of freezing on start‐up time and material degradation. Investigation of In‐Cylinder Ionization and Examination of Stochastic Analysis of SI Engine Combustion Knock: Ionized gases in gasoline engine combustion chambers produce signals that are rich in content, which can potentially be used

to measure quality and state of combustion with sensing through standard spark plugs. However, in‐house laboratory experiments have indicated significantly high variability in these ion signals. Existing literature contains wide ranging claims for ion signals with the appropriate signal processing. Investigation will determine if existing stochastic analysis of mechanical knock signals is appropriate and applicable to ion signal content. Enhance and develop models to capture and optimize opportunities for gasoline engine control, especially air‐fuel ratio control in conjunction with transient compensation algorithms. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SRC) Catalyst Modeling and Active Control for NOx Reduction in Diesel Engine Exhaust After‐treatment Systems: The development of experimentally validated simulation tools and model‐based control strategies for urea SCR catalysts. The primary research goals are: (1) an experimentally validated predictive model of an SCR catalyst / urea injection system, (2) a near‐real‐time parameter identification strategy suitable for both model validation and control system calibration, (3) an experimentally validated closed‐loop urea injection strategy. Development of an Improved Efficiency Low Emission DI‐SI Ethanol Flex Fuel Powertrain for Hybrid Applications: Develop technologies to improve the efficiency and reduce the emissions of unburned hydrocarbons (HC) for an advanced direct‐injection (DI) spark‐ignited (SI) ethanol Flex‐Fuel engine for hybrid and plug‐in hybrid applications for production in 2012. This will be accomplished through engine and injector testing, analysis, controls, modeling of engines and engine sub‐systems, and by developing improved predictive combustion, injection, and crank‐start HC emissions models for incorporation into GMs engine simulation tools to be used by GM research, advanced engineering, and production groups. Program Objectives to Meet Above Goals and Challenges: 1) Improve the energy efficiency of a flex‐fuel, direct‐injection (DI), spark‐ignition (SI) IC engine through combustion system design, operational calibration, and control. 2) Development of technologies and methods for reduction of crank‐start emissions compatible and synergistic with hybrid and plug‐in hybrid drive systems utilizing advanced DI fueling with improved cam‐positioning during cranking and run‐up. 3) Optimize a DI‐SI engine for blends of gasoline and ethanol f r o m s t r a i g h t g a s o l i n e t o E 8 5 . Development of improved physically‐based predictive simulation tools for DI fuelling, hydrocarbon emissions, and combustion, and integration of these submodels into the 1‐D engine simulation tool used by GM for new product design and analysis. Model validation and engine parameterizations will be performed using data from the Michigan Tech, GM, and Argonne National Laboratories engine test and injector

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characterization programs and externally published research. 4) Build upon previous accomplishments to design, build and test a prototype Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) engine to determine the potential improvement in operating efficiency for ethanol/gasoline fuel blends for a targeted production introduction in 2016. Gas‐Liquid Interface Dynamics and Dissipation Mechanisms in Capillary‐Scale Two‐Phase Flow: Two‐phase flow in large‐scale systems has historically been important to the fields of hydrodynamics and heat transfer. Advances in MEMS analytical devices, microscale heat exchangers, space‐based processing and thermal control technologies, and terrestrial‐based technologies such as fuel cells have highlighted the need for improved understanding of gas‐liquid flow with a strong capillary component. Attempts at developing universal flow regime maps for small scale systems have been unsuccessful due to the inability to properly account for the effects of capillary forces, dissipation due to menisci motion and gas‐liquid interface interaction. The PI will conduct a systematic experimental and analytical investigation of two‐phase flow at the capillary scale and develop engineering design tools. Educational opportunities for pre‐college, undergraduate and graduate students are integrated throughout the research program. The first three overlapping research phases consists of qualitative experiments to study gas‐liquid interface dynamics and development of a high‐speed confocal microscopy technique. The second phase of this program focuses on quantitative studies utilizing the high‐speed confocal microscopy technique for micro‐Particle Image Velocimetry (micro‐PIV) near dynamic gas‐liquid interfaces; a region of flow not accessible with any currently available micro‐PIV methods.

The analytical and experimental studies of the second phase will isolate and quantify the effects of surface tension, interface curvature, interface shear, gas phase inertia and compressibility, hydrodynamic dissipation due to menisci motion and dynamic contact lines on the morphology of the two‐phase flow through microchannels. All of these effects have been observed in capillary‐scale two‐phase flow, but not quantified. The third phase will construct and test predictive tools fordesign and development of advanced technologies and to improve water management strategies for more reliable fuel cell operation. The results of research will help in development of automotive fuel cells where inability to effectively manage the water produced by the hydrogen‐oxygen reaction constitutes one of the major difficulties in mass deployment. Impacts of this research have an educational aspect and a societal aspect. Graduate and undergraduate student training is an important part of this work. Students will be recruited from under‐represented groups through existing Michigan Tech educational partnerships. A key element of the educational aspect of this study is the tiered mentoring of graduate to undergraduate students and undergraduate to pre‐college students where students learn through demonstration and instruction from other students. The societal impact will be most evident in advanced technology development; particularly with respect to alternative energy conversion technologies such as fuel cells. The results of this study will be a more thorough, quantitative understanding of two‐phase flow in systems where capillary forces are important and application of this understanding to advance technology while developing student talent in the growing field of microscale devices and fuel cells.


Graduate Students running combustion testing at the Alternative Energy Research Building

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Alternative Energy Research Building– Michigan Tech has a 4000 square foot building entirely dedicated to alternative energy research. The all‐new facilities within the building in‐clude a laboratory with some highly unique equipment to study fundamental combustion and sprays, a fuel cell labora‐tory with an environmental chamber capable of temperature down to –40° C, and a wind flow laboratory which will be used to study, among many other things, the effects of variable geometry wind turbine blades. The building also facilitates a full‐scale 50 kW bio‐mass fueled, grid‐connected generator, and a vehicle hoist of NVH experimentation. A modern con‐ference room and office areas to accommodate several re‐searchers. A phase two renovation will include an IC Engines Educational Laboratory. Automotive Powertrain Laboratories – A wide variety of facili‐ties are available for engine and power transfer research: Automotive Engines ‐ Three automotive‐type engine dyna‐mometer cells are available with space for six test engines. These facilities have emission measuring capabilities, in‐cylinder wireless telemetry measuring capabilities, and high‐speed data acquisition capabilities. SI and CI engines are stud‐ied. Small Engines Laboratory ‐ The small engine laboratory has a number of small engines used for the study of engine combus‐tion, alternate fuels, and other engine phenomena. One dyna‐mometer test cell is devoted to research associated with two stroke engines. This facility has access to emissions mea‐suring equipment and high speed data acquisition equipment. Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Laboratory ‐ The diesel engine labo‐ratory contains two modern diesel engine dynamometer facili‐ties. All the standard engine measurement, including emis‐sions, can be obtained. In addition, both the physical and bio‐logical characteristics of diesel exhaust can be obtained.

Torque Converters ‐ A 275 Hp torque‐converter test‐cell with both motoring and absorbing capa‐bilities is available. A mi‐crowave telemetry technique is employed for a diverse array of torque converter studies including cavitation studies, static pressure maps on the blade elements, blade strain, and noise measurements. Microfluidic and Interfacial Transport Lab ‐ The Microfluidic and Interfacial Transport Lab contains a variety of compound (upright and inverted) and stereo microscopes, optical com‐ponents and a vibration isolation optical table. The lab is de‐signed to explore the fundamental physics of fluid and ther‐mal transport at the micro‐scale including evaporation/condensation and micro‐scale two‐phase flow with an empha‐sis on water management in low‐temperature fuel cells.

Optical Fluorescence Laboratory‐ A flow diagnostic tool sensor measuring liquid film thickness based on optical fluorescence has been developed and is undergoing deployment tests. Advanced Energy Systems and Microfluidics Laboratory‐ Is dedicated to numerical and experimental analysis of a liquid‐vapor interface with or without interfacial heat and mass transfer. Including Molecular Dynamics of Phase Change, Microfluidics, Fuel Cells, and Single Phase Heat Transfer in Micro‐Ducts. Environmental Freeze/Thaw Facility ‐ The Environmental Freeze/Thaw Facility consists of 8'H x 12'L x 7'W Test Chamber located in a 550 square foot Control Room. The Test Chamber can maintain steady temperatures between ‐30 and +40 deg. C and can control the relative humidity to ± 2%. The Test Chamber is capable of rejecting up to 36,000 BTU per hour to a water cooled condensing unit and is capable of exhausting and making up of 300 CFM (0.144 cubic m/s). The Control Room is capable of rejecting approximately 1.5 to 3 tons (18,000‐36,000 BTUH) of energy through the air handling sys‐tem when the heat is not rejected to the drain and is capable of exhausting 1,225 CFM. Internal Condensing Flow Test Bench‐ A condensing flow loop is being used to study the dynamics of wavy interfaces, meas‐ure heat transfer rates, visualize flows, investigate effects of exit conditions, and investigate assembly of condensers/boilers in modern cooling and refrigeration systems both ter‐restrial and space‐based. Multi‐Scale Energy System Laboratory‐ The Multi‐Scale Energy Systems Laboratory (MuSES lab) is dedicated to addressing energy and environmental challenges through interdiscipli‐nary research. Research efforts focus on the investigation of micro‐ and nano‐scale phenomena having the potential to provide scalable technologies for our macro world, and in basic micro‐ and nano‐fabrication technologies that provide the fundamentals for more complex systems. The on‐going projects include comparative study of micropumping, self‐regulating micro hydrogen generators, polymeric superhydro‐philic surfaces, thermal management for small fuel cells, and immobilization of nanomaterial on arbitrary surfaces for en‐ergy applications. Device fabrication is carried out at Michigan Tech’s Microfabrication Facility, a full‐spectrum microfabrica‐tion facility with photolithography, thin film deposition, and dry/wet etching capabilities. MuSES lab is equipped with elec‐trical, optical, and thermal characterization equipments, as well as a fume hood for chemical processing and diamond saw for sample cutting.

APSRC Research Laboratory Facilities

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APSRC Faculty

Research Highlights *

Jeff Allen is an experimentalist interested in the study of two‐phase flow in capillary systems; such as found in the gas flow channels and diffusion media of PEM fuel cells. The behavior of liquid water in the internal passages of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells, a class of low temperature fuel cells, presents a serious challenge to the development of reliable and efficient power units. The factors which influence capillary flow are well established (contact angle, geometry and surface tension), but the behavior of gas‐liquid flows subject to capillary phenomena in the complex, manifolding passages of PEM fuel cells is not fully understood. Other active research involves investigations of the stability of evaporating and condensing liquid films, microfluidic systems such as lab‐on‐a‐chip, microfluidic diagnostic development, design and optimization of micro‐fuel reformers, and low‐gravity fluid dynamics.

Research Highlights

A microwave telemetry technique for making wireless measurements in reciprocating and rotating machinery has been developed. The technique is being used to study a variety of phenomena in both automotive torque converters and I. C. engines.

Cavitation signatures, turbine blade strain, torque converter noise, and static pressure maps on the suction side of the stator blade are being studied in separate projects. Static pressure maps on other blade elements, thermal maps, and flow visualization of the cavitation zones are planned for the future.

Piston thermal loading is also studied in a high‐speed direct‐injection diesel. Fast‐response surface thermocouples are used to measure crank angle‐resolved surface temperature and calculate instantaneous surface heat flux. The same sensors are being used to identify spray impingement signatures on the piston crown of the running diesel.

* Research funding and publication information for all faculty in the Advanced Power Systems

Research Center starts on page 24.

Areas of interest include: Heat transfer, Internal combustion engines, Torque converter, Infrared radiometry, Infrared and microwave telemetry

Areas of interest include: Capillary flow, Interfacial transport phenomena, Fuel cells, Phase‐change heat transfer, Microgravity fluid physics

Jeffrey S. Allen Associate Professor PhD University of Dayton Advanced Power Systems Research Center,

Multi‐Scale Sensors and Systems

Carl L. Anderson Professor Associate Dean of Engineering PhD, University of Wisconsin‐Madison


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Research Highlights

Dr. Beard's research includes design for manufacturing in two areas. He is investigating the influence of manufacturing variation on the response of planar and three‐dimensional mechanisms. He has examined the influence of design parameters on the wear rates of gerotor types, and developed a pump that demonstrates the potential for decreased wear rates and manufacturing cost. Vehicle suspension systems are being modeled to determine the influence of the kinematic parameters on the tire/road interactions. In this way, the impact of manufacturing and assembly variation on the vehicle performance may be assessed. The model can be used as a design tool to develop a suspension system with improved handling characteristics and decreased production costs. Beard is Faculty Advisor for Challenge‐X, the hybrid vehicle design competition sponsored by GM and DOE. He advised the team that designed and built a power‐split transmission for the Future Truck Competition and was the 2002 NSF Faculty Advisor of the Year. Beard is applying his manufacturing experience in tool‐and‐die design, forming, turning, and grinding to teach effective design in manufacturing for preliminary design courses as well as capstone design courses. The creative teaching process in the capstone design courses produced three patents.

John E. Beard Associate Professor PhD, Purdue University Advanced Power Systems Research

Center


Areas of interest include: Design of mechanical systems, Hybrid electric powertrains, Biomedical engineering, Manufacturing

Jason R. Blough Associate Professor PhD, University of Cincinnati Director, Design/Dynamics Area



Areas of interest include: Vibrations, Unique instrumentation/data

acquisition, Digital signal processing, Noise control

Research Highlights

Dr. Blough's research includes dynamic measurement problems, developing new digital signal processing algorithms to understand NVH type problems and ways to improve the NVH characteristics of virtually any machine. He has made measurements on items as small as individual turbine blades to items as large as 45m diameter radio telescopes and many machines in between including automobiles, snowmobiles, M1 tanks, locomotives, and appliances. He has worked on automotive and snowmobile powertrains and other vehicle components to make them quieter. Currently, he is researching the implementation of active noise control systems in passenger vehicles.

Dr. Blough developed order tracking algorithms for processing data on rotating machinery that are commercially licensed. Additional digital signal processing projects have included Kalman Filter development for a specific automotive application and Sound and Vibration Quality Jury and metric studies.

Dr. Blough is well versed in nearly all experimental NVH techniques including Modal Analysis, Transfer Path Analysis, Time‐Frequency analysis, etc. He routinely teaches many of these techniques in the classroom and industry short courses. He also has experience in FEA and multi‐body dynamics modeling.

APSRC Faculty

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Bo Chen Assistant Professor PhD, University of California‐Davis Multidisciplinary Engineered Dynamic Systems

Areas of interest include: Mechatronic and embedded systems, Agent technology, Distributed control systems, Intelligent transportation systems

Research Highlights

Distributed adaptive and cooperative mechatronic and embedded systems

Mobile agent and multi‐agent systems

Real‐time control systems

Web‐based systems

Computer‐aided design and analysis

Intelligent vehicle and transportation systems

William J. Endres Associate Professor PhD, University of Illinois — Urbana‐

Champaign

Director, Senior Design Advanced Power Systems Research

Center

Engineering Education Innovation

Areas of interest include: Machining dynamics, Cutting mechanics, Manufacturing processes

Research Highlights

Dr. Endres' expertise is in manufacturing and design. He teaches courses in mechanical design, manufacturing process, machining process, machining process modeling, and machining dynamics.

Endres' research is in the areas of machining dynamics, cutting mechanics and mechanistic process modeling techniques. His experimental research and associated model developments are contributing to an improved fundamental understanding of the effects of the blunt edge and wear‐land found on most cutting tools. His work also focuses on dynamic modeling of machine‐tool joints and analytical machining dynamics, including solutions for vibration level as well as stability in the presence of multiple/parallel processes, real tooling geometry, periodic time variation, high and ultrahigh speeds, and multi‐dimensional machine‐tool dynamics.

APSRC Faculty

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APSRC Faculty

John H. Johnson Research Professor and Presidential Professor Emeritus

PhD, University of Wisconsin—Madison


Areas of interest include: Internal combustion engines, Diesels, and biodiesels Air pollution, Emissions modeling Fuel Economy

Research Highlights

A catalyzed ceramic particulate matter filter is examined relative to its effect on emissions and the passive regeneration process within. The emissions are measured relative to their size distribution, and chemical/biological character. Modeling relative to the pressure drop and mass of particulate matter in the filter is being developed. A 1‐dimensional 2 layer single channel wall‐flow particulate filter model is being applied with output variables being the outlet size distribution and particle concentration, the mass of particulate matter retained in the filter, and the mass oxidized by NO2 and thermal including the location in the filter where oxidation is taking place. The diesel laboratory has been designed to include the study of active regeneration of the particulate matter deposited in the filter.

A new advanced ceramic material for diesel particulate filters is being studied and the pressure drop, active regeneration characteristics, and the filtration efficiency of these filters will be compared to a conventional ceramic material being used on new heavy‐duty vehicles in 2007. A lumped parameter model for the particulate filter is being used to simulate the catalyzed particulate filter in a heavy‐duty truck. A Vehicle Engine After‐treatment System Simulation (VEASS) was developed and is used for particulate filter and NOx control system studies. A model based control system is being simulated using VEASS to control the regeneration process. A project is also underway to model the control of nitrogen oxides using a SCR catalyst which is modeled as part of the overall control system model.

Areas of interest include: Spray Combustion, Fuel Flexibilities, Soot Emissions, Internal Combustion Engines, Gas Turbine Engine, Laser‐Based Combustion Diagnostics

Research Highlights

Spray combustion dynamics in combustion vessel and internal combustion engines

Combustion instabilities, flame flashback and autoignition in premixed gas turbine engines

Alternative fuels including biofuels, coal‐based fuel, jet fuel, syngas and their applications to advanced combustion engines

Supercritical fuel combustion characteristics

Soot formation processes in laminar and turbulent diffusion/premixed flames

Pulse detonation engine (PDE) for advanced propulsion Development and application of laser‐based diagnostics for chemically reacting flows

Seong‐Young Lee Assistant Professor PhD, Pennsylvania State University Advanced Power Systems Research

Center

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APSRC Faculty

DeSheng (Dennis) Meng Assistant Professor PhD, University of California — Los

Angeles


Areas of interest include: Micro‐ and nano‐ technologies for

energy and environmental applications,

Microfluidics, Micro fuel cells, Microelectromechanical systems

(MEMS), Micro‐ and nano‐ fabrication

Research Highlights

Self‐regulating micro fuel cells for portable military/civilian electronics

Nanostructured surfaces for energy and environmental applications

Micro‐ and Nano‐fluidics for energy harvesting

Self‐healing materials

Areas of interest include: CFD, Multi‐phase flow, Atomization, Environmentally responsible manu‐facturing

Donna J. Michalek Associate Professor Assistant Provost PhD, University of Texas ‐Arlington Area Director, Energy, Thermal, Fluids


Engineering Education Innovation Mechanics of Multi‐Scale Materials

Multi‐Scale Sensors & Systems

Research Highlights

Dr. Michalek's primary research interest is in the area of computational fluid dynamics centers on modeling multi‐phase fluid systems for automotive, biomedical and manufacturing applications. These flows are modeled using modified versions of commercially available CFD codes, as well as algorithms developed at MTU. Efforts in environmentally responsible manufacturing involve utilizing both analytical and computational models to evaluate the role of metal working fluids in machining processes with the goal of improving air quality in manufacturing environments. Research efforts in atomization and the examination of the flow in the injector body will result in computational models that will aid in injector nozzle design. Dr. Michalek also has an interest in pedagogical research, which involves the design and implementation of course‐related teaming activities for use both inside and outside the classroom, and the assessment of their influence on student performance.

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APSRC Faculty

Scott A. Miers Assistant Professor Ph.D, Michigan Technological University


Areas of interest include: Alternative and renewable transportation fuels,

Internal combustion engine efficiency,

Performance and emissions, Wireless data acquisition

Research Highlights

Dr. Miers joined the ME‐EM Department at Michigan Tech in August of 2008. He was previously employed by Argonne National Laboratory in the Engines and Emissions Research section where his research focus was on internal combustion engine efficiency, emissions, and performance. He was also closely involved with alternative and renewable fuels research investigating how the unique chemical compositions affect both engine and vehicle operation.

His research interests and expertise centers on experimental internal combustion engine research focusing on gasoline and diesel combustion including system efficiency and emissions reduction. He has experience with novel IC engine data acquisition techniques such as piston‐mounted wireless microwave telemetry and minimally invasive combustion visualization. In addition, he has a significant interest in alternative and renewable transportation fuels and has worked with biodiesel, ethanol, butanol, and Fischer‐Tropsch synthetic fuels in both spark‐ignition and compression‐ignition engines.

Areas of interest include: Heat transfer, Boiling, Interfacial phenomena, Micro– and nanofluidics

Abhijit Mukherjee Assistant Professor Ph.D, University of California — Los

Angeles

Member, Advanced Power Systems Research Center

Research Highlights

Dr. Mukherjee’s research focuses on numerical and experimental study of liquid‐vapor interface with interfacial heat and mass transfer with applications in boiling, condensation, combustion and multiphase flows. His other areas of inter‐est include micro‐ and nanofluidics. Investigation is being done to determine the effect of vapor bubble growth on the pressure drop and wall heat transfer mechanisms during flow boiling inside microchannels. Research is also being con‐ducted on the interaction of the air and the water droplets inside the microchannels on the bi‐polar plates of fuel cells.

19

APSRC Faculty

Jeffrey D. Naber Associate Professor PhD, University of Wisconsin‐Madison

Director, Advanced Power Systems Research Center

Areas of interest include: Internal combustion engines, Hydrogen and biofuels, After‐treatment

Research Highlights

Dr. Naber joined MTU in August of 2004. Prior to joining MTU, he worked in the automotive industry on R&D of engine‐management‐systems for gasoline and diesel engines. He also worked at Sandia National Laboratories, CRF investigating sprays and combustion processes of diesel, natural gas, and hydrogen engines utilizing laser based diagnostics.

He and fellow colleagues direct the Advanced Internal Combustion Laboratories (AICE) at the University. His research interests are in IC engines and after‐treatment and the development and application of advanced experimental techniques, signal processing technologies, theoretical models, and embedded control to characterize the thermo‐physical processes. The areas under investigation include:

Combustion processes and combustion control of hydrogen and hydrogen dual fuelled engines,

Biofuels including ethanol with production from forest products and application in advanced combustion engines,

Gasoline IC engine research and the development of physical based correlations and models,

Development of combustion measurement techniques for diesel, gasoline, and HCCI and PPCI engines. He has numerous patents in the area of controls, on‐board‐diagnostics and exhaust sensing utilizing multilayer

ceramics in an electro‐chemical calorimetric sensor for hydrocarbons and other constituents as applied to powertrain and engine systems.

Research Highlights

Dr. Narain’s current research interest is both computational and experimental in nature and emphasizes the area of internal condensing flows. Fluid mechanics and heat transfer issues along with free‐surface phenomena are being investigated in the context of a condenser’s performance in a thermal system. NSF and NASA fund these investigations. His secondary interests are in related areas of transport processes such as: cavitation signatures in an automobile’s torque‐converter, computational simulations of turbulent flows through heat exchangers, displacement pumps, etc.

The condensing flow research has demonstrated the significance of exit conditions on condenser operations. The experiments also demonstrate how exit‐condition effects can lead to system‐instabilities. Such system‐instabilities may arise in ground and space thermal management systems, looped heat pipes, Rankine power cycles, etc. Research and recent publications also emphasizes integration of experimental results with state of the art nearly exact computational code development and simulations for two dimensional internal condensing flows ‐ both in steady and unsteady (i.e. wavy‐interface) regimes. The simulations identify various instability mechanisms and flow regimes. For condensation inside vertical tubes and inclined channels, the ongoing experiments employ modern electronic flow control techniques, fiber‐optic flow visualization techniques, a fluorescence and fiber‐optic based sensor (developed at MTU) for measuring real time values of condensate thickness, etc.

Areas of interest include: Condensing/phase‐change flows, Computational and experimental fluid mechanics/heat transfer

Amitabh Narain Professor PhD, University of Minnesota



20

APSRC Faculty

Gordon G. Parker John and Cathi Drake Professor of

Mechanical Engineering

Director of Research PhD, State University of New York Advanced Power System Research

Center

Space Systems Research Group

Areas of interest include: Nonlinear controls, Mechatronics and dynamics

Research Highlights

Dr. Parker specializes in control system design and methods for correlating nonlinear dynamic models to experimental data. An emerging area of research is the utilization of inter‐spacecraft Coulomb forces for both position and attitude control. This has applications from spacecraft formation flying to active “virtual” structures that are highly reconfigurable and robust to individual spacecraft failure. Spacecraft force coupling and the nonlinear electrostatic force behavior provide a variety of interesting technical challenges from nonlinear control to optimal formation design.

Similar research topic areas such as, nonlinear control, system simulation, nonlinear system parameter identification and optimization, are present in most of his ongoing projects. Examples include active control of diesel engine after‐treatment systems, at‐sea ship crane control, and hydraulic system parameter identification. Another research area is focused on increasing robot‐based, flexible material throughput for manufacturing applications. The system dynamics of the part are exploited, in conjunction with vision‐based trajectory optimization, to minimize maneuver time.

Research Highlights

Dr. Pandit's main areas of interest are systems analysis, forecasting, and control, with applications to manufacturing and design. Pandit's principal contribution has been the methodology of data dependent systems (DDS). He has taught courses on this methodology and undertaken research in its application to computer‐integrated manufacturing, solar energy simulation, paper‐making, blast furnace operation, quality control, business forecasting, vibration and modal analysis, machine vision, and nanometrology. He has published more than 150 papers on the methodology, including two books listed below. Pandit served as 1993‐94 ASA/NSF/NIST Senior Research Fellow, is the recipient of the MTU 1994 Faculty Research Award, and was elected Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1999.

Sudhakar M. Pandit Professor PhD ,University of Wisconsin —

Madison


Multidisciplinary Engineered Dy‐namic Systems

Areas of interest include: Data‐dependent systems modeling, Computer control, Machine vision

21

Research Highlights

Dr. Ponta is doing research in wind‐turbine technology to reduce the uncertainties related to blade dynamics. His approach is to create a Virtual Test Environment, where innovative prototype blades may be tested at “real” full‐scale conditions, by combining two advanced numerical models implemented in a parallel HPC supercomputer platform: A model of the vortex dynamics of unsteady separated flows by Vorticity‐Velocity Self‐Adaptive algorithms; and a model of the structural response of heterogeneous composite blades by Variational‐Asymptotic Beam Theory techniques.

Areas of interest include: Theoretical and computational fluid

mechanics, Vortex dynamics, Fluid‐structure interaction, Wind‐turbine aerodynamics, Renewable energy sources, Energy systems

APSRC Faculty

Fernando Ponta Assistant Professor PhD, University of Buenos Aires Advanced Power Systems Re‐

search Center

Research Highlights Dr. Rao's areas of expertise include automotive noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH), damping of materials and joints,

development of innovative concepts of damping enhancements for vibration control using viscoelastic damping materials, and noise control. He received the NASA New Technology Award in 1990 from NASA‐Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, for his research on the damping of composite materials of the Hubble Space Telescope. He also received the NSF Research Initiation Award in 1989.

Mohan D. Rao Associate Professor PhD, Auburn University Advanced Power Systems

Research Center

Areas of interest include: Acoustics, Vibrations, Noise control, Damping, Auditory science

22

APSRC Faculty

Research Highlights

Chuck Van Karsen has been a member of the Department of Mechanical Engineering since August 1987. Prior to that he had a twelve year career as a practicing engineer in the Machine Tool, Automotive, and Software industries.

He specializes in Experimental Vibro‐Acoustics, NVH, and Structural Dynamics. His research efforts have concentrated on experimental noise and vibration methods related to automotive systems and subsystems, large home appliances, machine tools, and off‐highway equipment.

Van Karsen regularly presents seminars and short courses on Experimental Modal Analysis, Digital Signal Processing, Acoustic Measurements and Sound Quality, and Source‐Path‐Receiver methods.

At Michigan Tech Van Karsen teaches Mechanical Vibrations, Experimental Vibro‐Acoustics, Analytical and Experimental Modal Analysis, Mechanical Engineering Laboratory, and Controls.

Charles D. Van Karsen Associate Professor MSME, University of Cincinnati

Associate Chair and Director of Undergraduate Studies



Areas of interest include: Vibration, Model analysis, and Acoustics

Research Highlights

Jeremy Worm continues his research on internal combustion engines focusing in the area of alternative fuel com‐bustion. His recent research involves the use of ethanol, butanol, methanol, hydrogen, biodiesel, and syngas from woody biomass to fuel internal combustion engines. He has been very involved in the coordination of the new Alterna‐tive Energy Research Building and the development of the an interdisciplinary master of engineering degree and gradu‐ate and undergraduate certificates in Advanced Electric Drive Vehicle Engineering.

Jeremy Worm

Research Engineer Advanced Power Systems Research

Center Sustainable Futures Institute

Areas of interest include: Alternative fuel combustion Electrification of vehicles Hybrid vehicle technologies

23

APSRC Faculty

Song‐Lin (Jason) Yang Professor PhD, University of Florida Advanced Power Systems Research

Center


Areas of interest include: Applied computational fluid dynamics Heat transfer, Engine flow simulation, DPF / DOC Modeling and Simulation, Computational aerodynamics

Research Highlights

Dr. Yang’s research interest is in the area of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), both in developing it as a tool and in using it to study problems in fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and combustion. He is using the KIVA code along with the Reynolds‐stress turbulence model for engine flow simulation with spray and combustion. In addition, Dr. Yang is also working on the modeling and numerical simulation of diesel particulate trap (DPF) performance during loading and regeneration and the diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) converter code development.

24

ME‐EM Research Projects through June 2009 Advanced Power Systems Research

Investigator(s) Sponsor Total Award

Title

Allen, Jeffrey ‐ PI Rochester Institute of

Technology $991,930

Visualization of Fuel Cell Water Transport and Performance Characterization

Allen, Jeffrey ‐ PI National Science

Foundation $701,921

CAREER: Gas‐Liquid Interface Dynamics and Dissipation Mechanisms in Capillary‐Scale Two‐Phase Flow

Allen, Jeffrey ‐ PI National Science

Foundation $147,544

Collaborative Research: Interfacial Instability, Convective Motion and Heat Transfer in Evaporating Films

Allen, Jeffrey ‐ PI National Aeronautics

Space Administration $64,138

Dynamics and Heat Transfer of Evaporating Films in Reduced Gravity

Allen, Jeffrey ‐ PI National Aeronautics

Space Administration $50,333

Microscale Investigation of the Thermo‐Fluid Transport in the Transition Film Region of an Evaporating Capillary Meniscus

Anderson, Carl ‐ PI Yang, Song‐Lin ‐ Co‐PI

Visteon Corporation $393,980 Electronically Controlled Powertrain Cooling ‐‐ Year 4

Anderson, Carl ‐ PI Blough, Jason ‐ Co‐PI

General Motors Corp $297,830 The Effect of Torque Converter Design Parameters on Noise and Cavitation Characteristics


US Dept of Education $163,980 GAANN: Enhancing the Position of the United States Through Interdisciplin ary Development of Fuel Efficient Hybrid Compatible Internal Combustion Engines


General Motors Corp $96,510 Experimental Determination of Turbine Blade Inlet Tip Loading

Anderson, Carl ‐ PI Johnson, John ‐ Co‐PI Michalek, Donna ‐ Co‐PI Yang, Song‐Lin ‐ Co‐PI

US Dept. of Energy $54,074 Direct Injection Compression Ignition Diesel Automotive Technology Education (GATE) Program

Anderson, Carl ‐ PI Naber, Jeffrey ‐ Co‐PI

Ford Motor Co Inc $45,000 Ford Distance Learning Program ‐ PhD in Mechanical Engineering (MEEM)

Beard, John ‐ PI Delphi Corp $113,124 Electric Power Steering Rack Modeling

Beard, John ‐ PI Argonne National

Laboratory $20,000

Enterprise: EcoCar—The NeXt Challenge (Educational

Activity)

Blough, Jason ‐ PI Anderson, Carl ‐ Co‐PI Johnson, Mark ‐ Co‐PI

General Motors Corp $118,483 Torque Converter Noise Generation and Noise

Characterization at Various Speed Ratios

Blough, Jason ‐ PI Naber, Jeffrey ‐ Co‐PI

John Deere Company $72,400 Prototype Development and Testing of a Combustion Sensing Technology for John Deere Powertrains (John Deere match)

Blough, Jason ‐ PI Anderson, Carl ‐ Co‐PI

General Motors Corporation

$60,085 Characterizing Torque Converter Noise Generation at Various Speed Ratios to Enable Vehicle Efficiency Improvements

Blough, J. ‐ PI Naber, J. ‐ Co‐PI Worm, J. ‐ Co‐PI

PCB Piezotronics $36,347 Combustion Pressure Engine Testbed Setup

Diebel, John ‐ PI Allen, Jeffrey ‐ Co‐PI

Michigan Universities Commercialization Initiative (MUCI)

$60,949 Fuel Cell Water Control System Prototype‐Alternative Energy

25


Name Sponsor Total Award Title

Johnson, John ‐ PI Yang, Song‐Lin ‐ Co‐PI

John Deere Co $418,043

Modeling of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and a Catalyzed Particulate Filter (DOC‐CPF) System with Active Regeneration Using a Hydrocarbon Injection System

Johnson, John ‐ PI Yang, Song‐Lin ‐ Co‐PI

John Deere Co $224,915 Modeling of a Continuously Regenerating Particulate Trap in a Heavy‐Duty Diesel Engine with Cooled Low Pressure EGR

Johnson, John ‐ PI Naber, Jeffrey ‐ Co‐PI

Dow Automotive Corp $128,361 Characterization and Performance of Dow Automotive Advanced Ceramic Material Substrate for Diesel Particulate Filter

Keith, Jason (Chem. Eng.) – PI Allen, Jeffrey – Co‐PI Caspary, D. (Chem. Eng.) – Co‐PI

Crowl, D. (Chem. Eng.) ‐ Co‐PI Meldrum, Jay‐ Co‐PI Meng Desheng‐ Co‐PI Mukherjee, Abhijit‐ Co‐PI Naber, Jeffrey ‐ Co‐PI

U.S. Dept of Energy $482,244 Hydrogen Education Curriculum Path at Michigan Technological University

Lee, Seong‐Young Michigan Technological

University. $5,000

REF‐RS: Investigation of Direct Injection Flash Boiling

Spray in a Combustion Vessel

Meng, DeSheng ‐ PI American Chemical Society $78,000 Demulsification of Water‐Oil Emulsion by Nanostructured Surfaces

Meng, DeSheng ‐ PI Michigan Technological

University $10,000

REF‐MG: Collaboration with UIUC on Innovative Micro Fuel Cells Architectures for Biomedical and Military Applications and the Development of Mentoring Relationship with Dr. Mark A. Shannon

Miers, Scott ‐ PI Michigan Technological

University $7,000

REF‐RS: Development of a Novel Nucleate Boiling Identification Technique to Optimize Internal Combustion Engine Thermal Management

Mukherjee, Abhijit ‐ PI Endres Machining Innovations

LLC $44,603

Empirical Modeling of Convective Heat‐Transfer Coefficient in Micro‐Ducts

Mukherjee, Abhijit ‐ PI Endres Machining Innovations

LLC $36,117

Empirical Modeling of Heat Transfer Coefficient in Micro Ducts

Mukherjee, Abhijit ‐ PI Michigan Technological

University $15,000

REF‐RS: Experimental Investigation of Bio‐mimetic Water Management in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Naber, Jeffrey ‐ PI Michalek, Donna ‐ Co‐PI Beard, John ‐ PI Mukherjee, Abhijit ‐ Co‐PI

State of Michigan— Public Service Commission

$2,575,109 Development of an Improved Efficiency Low Emission DI‐SI Ethanol Flex Fuel Powertrain for Hybrid Application

Naber, Jeffrey ‐ PI Anderson, Carl ‐ Co‐PI Post, Scott ‐ Co‐PI

National Science Foundation $1,341,011 MRI: Development of Combustion Vessel for the Study of Gas and Dispersed Liquid Phase at Elevated Pressure and Temperature

Naber, Jeffrey ‐ PI Beard, John ‐ Co‐PI Michalek, Donna ‐ Co‐PI

General Motors Corp $272,146 Direct Injection Ethanol Flex‐Fuel Engine Optimization and HC Cold‐Start Emissions Reduction for Hybrid Applications—Basic Research

Naber, Jeffrey ‐ PI Blough, Jason ‐ Co‐PI

University of Michigan—Michigan Universities

Commercialization Initiative $193,986

Prototype Development and Testing of a Combustion Sensing Technology for John Deere Powertrains

26


Name Sponsor Total Award Title

Naber, Jeffrey ‐ PI University of Michigan—Michigan Universities

Commercialization Initiative $122,837

A Novel Method of Stochastic IC Engine Combustion Knock Detection

Naber, Jeffrey ‐ PI Ford Motor Co Inc $98,262 Ionization Signal Analysis for Combustion Feedback

Naber, Jeffrey ‐ PI Ford Motor Co Inc $87,000 Investigation of In‐cylinder Ionization and Examination of Stochastic Analysis of SI Engine Combustion Knock

Naber, Jeffrey ‐ PI Worm, Jeremy ‐ Co‐PI

Ford Motor Co Inc $66,284 Combustion Feedback, Knock Analysis, and Tools for SI IC Engines

Naber, Jeffrey ‐ PI Beard, John ‐ Co‐PI Michalek, Donna ‐ Co‐PI

General Motors Corp $52,052

Direct Injection Ethanol Flex‐Fuel Engine Optimization and HC Cold‐Start Emissions Reduction for Hybrid Applications‐Applied Research

Naber, Jeffrey ‐ PI Argonne National Laboratory $51,169 Graduate Student Research in Hydrogen IC Engines

Naber, Jeffrey ‐ PI Allen, Jeffrey ‐ Co‐PI Beard, John ‐ Co‐PI Blough, Jason ‐ Co‐PI Worm, Jeremy ‐ Co‐PI


$30,000 REF‐IE: Proposal for Facility Funding for a Laboratory Building Focused on Alternative Energy Research at Michigan Tech

Naber, Jeffrey – PI Worm, Jeremy – Co‐PI

Nostrum Energy, LLC $29,921 Characterization of Combustion in an SI Engine with Water Injection

Naber, Jeffrey ‐ PI Miers, Scott ‐ Co‐PI

Argonne National Laboratory $23,426 Research Collaboration: Graduate Student Research in Internal Combustion Engines

Narain, Amitabh ‐ PI Evensen, Harold ‐ Co‐PI Van Karsen, Charles ‐ Co‐PI

National Aeronautics Space Administration

$698,577

Direct Computational Simulations and Experiments for Internal Condensing Flows' System‐Instabilities/Dynamics in Micro‐Gravity and Terrestrial Environments

Parker, Gordon – PI Johnson, John‐Co‐PI

Navistar, Inc (International Truck & Engine)

$301,810 Development of a Multi‐Component Aftertreatment Simulation Environment in MATLAB

Parker, Gordon ‐ PI Devarakonda, Maruthi ‐ Co‐PI Johnson, John ‐ Co‐PI

International Truck & Engine $252,830 System Level Modeling and Control for Diesel Engine PM and NOx After‐treatment

Parker, Gordon ‐ PI Craft Engineering $159,101 Development of a Ship‐Launched Arial Delivery System

Parker, Gordon ‐ PI Johnson, John ‐ Co‐PI Devarakonda, Maruthi ‐ Co‐PI

International Truck & Engine $119,644 Model Based Analysis and Investigation of Advanced Control Strategies for an Integrated Urea‐ SCR After‐Treatment System

Parker, Gordon ‐ PI Johnson, John ‐ Co‐PI

International Truck & Engine $112,473 SCR Catalyst Modeling & Evaluation of Control Strategies for NOx Reduction in Diesel Engine Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems

Parker, Gordon ‐ PI BMT Designers & Planners $9,712 Crane Pendulation Control System Specification Development

27

ME‐EM Research Projects through June 2009

Advanced Power Systems Research

Name Sponsor Total Award

Title

Predebon, William ‐ PI Anderson, Carl ‐ Co‐PI Michalek, Donna ‐ Co‐PI Naber, Jeffrey ‐ Co‐PI


$34,158 MTU REF‐IE: ME‐EM Research Caucus Grant Writer

Rao, Mohan ‐ PI South Florida Water Management District

(SFWMD) $44,730

Design and Validation of an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Test Bench

Sutherland, John, ‐ Co‐PI National Science Foundation $114,498

BE/MUSES: Renewable Energy from Forest Resources: Investigating the Complex Interrelated Issues Associated with Generating Automotive Fuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Worm, Jeremy – PI Blough, Jason – Co‐PI Naber, Jeffrey ‐ Co‐PI

University of Michigan‐MI Initiative for Innovative and Entrepreneurship (MIIE)

$227,100

Development of a Trilateral Partnership Between Michigan Tech, AVL, and GM with an Integral laboratory to Explore and Incubate Innovative Powertrain and Instrumentation Concepts

Worm, Jeremy – PI Miers, Scott – Co‐PI Naber, Jeffrey – Co‐PI

General Motors Corp $11,985 Investigation of Extreme Inlet Air Temperature on Thermal

Efficiency of a Flex‐Fueled SI Engine

28

APSRC Publications

Allen, J.S., Son, S.Y., and Collicott, S.J., "Chapter 46. PEMFC Flow‐Field Design for Improved Water Management," chapter in Handbook of Fuel Cells, Volume 5, Prof. Wolf Vielstich, Dr. Hubert A. Gasteiger and Dr. Harumi Yokokawa, eds., John Wiley & Sons, 2009.

Allen, J.S., Son, S.Y., and Collicott, S.H., “Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) Flow‐field Design for Improved Water Management,” in Handbook of Fuel Cells: Advances in Electrocatalysis, Materials, Diagnostics and Durability, Vol. 5 & 6, Vielstich, W., Gasteiger H.A., and Yokokawa, H. (eds.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, UK, pp. 768‐698, 2009.

Parikh, N., Allen, J.S., Yassar, R.A., “Effect of Deformation of Electrical Properties of Carbon Fibers used in Gas Diffusion Layer of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells,” Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 139, No. 2, pp. 766‐768, September 2009.

Medici, E., and Allen, J.S., “Existence of the Phase Drainage Diagram in PEM Fuel Cell Fibrous Diffusion Media,” Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 191, No. 2, pp. 417‐427, June 2009.

Fultz, D.W., and Allen, J.S., “Visualization of Pressure in Microchannels,” Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 130, No. 8, 080907 (1 page), August 2008.

Hernandez, J. and Allen, J.S., "Visualization and Tracking of Spontaneous Liquid‐Liquid Slug Flow in Microchannels", Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 129, pp. 937, 2007.

Herescu, A., and Allen, J.S., "A Theoretical Investigation of an Electric‐Field‐Driven Menisci Micro‐Pump,” Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol. 129, pp. 404‐411, 2007.

Som, S.M., Kimball, J.T., Hermanson, J.C., and Allen, J.S., “Stability and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Unsteady Condens‐ing and Evaporating Films,” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 50, pp. 1927‐1937, 2007.

Allen, J.S., and Herescu, A., “A Theoretical Discussion of a Menisci Micropump driven by an Electric Field,” Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol. 129, No. 4, 8 pages, April 2007.

Allen, J.S., “Two‐Phase Flow in Small Channels and the Implications for PEM Fuel Cell Operation,” ECS Transactions, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 1197‐1206, 2006.

Wee, S‐K, Kihm, K.D., Pratt, D.M. and Allen, J.S., “Micro‐Scale Heat and Mass Transport of Evaporating Thin Film of Binary Mixture,” Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 320‐326, 2006.

Robinette, D., Anderson, C., Blough J.R., and Johnson, M., “Characterizing the Effect of Automotive Torque Converter De‐sign Parameters on the Onset of Cavitation at Stall,” SAE 2007 Transactions – Journal of Passenger Cars – Mechanical Systems. (SAE Noise and Vibration Conference, Saint Charles, IL, May 2007, SAE Paper #: 2007‐01‐2231.)

Gandhi, A.H., Weaver, C.E., Curtis, E.W., Alger, T.F., Anderson, C.L., Abata, D.L., Chapter: “Spray Characterization in a DISI Engine During Cold Start: (1) Imaging Investigation” in “SI Combustion and Direct Injection SI Engine Technology,” ISBN No. 978‐0‐7680‐1751‐9, April 2006.

Gandhi, A.H., Weaver, C.E., Curtis, E.W., Alger, T.F., Anderson, C.L., Abata, D.L., Chapter: “Spray Characterization in a DISI Engine During Cold Start: (2) PDPA Investigation” in “SI Combustion and Direct Injection SI Engine Technology,” ISBN No. 978‐0‐7680‐1751‐9, April 2006.

Sweger, P., Anderson, C.L., Blough, J.R.,”Measurements of Strain on 310 mm Converter Turbine Blade,” International Jour‐nal of Rotating Machinery, Vol. 10, No.1, 55‐63, 2004.

Anderson, C.L., Zeng, L., Sweger, P., Narain, A., and Blough, J.R., “Experimental Investigation of Cavitation Signatures in an Automotive Torque Converter Using a Microwave Telemetry Technique,” International Journal of Rotating Machinery, Vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 403‐410, September 2003.

Beard, J., Weinmann, K.J., and Emblom, W.J., “Strains Generated In Selected Regions for an Intelligent Die During Stamp Forming,” Transactions of the NAMRI/SME, Vol. 37, May 2009.

Dilworth, B. and Blough, J.R., “Implementation of the Time Variant Discrete Fourier Transform as a Real‐Time Order Track‐ing Method,” SAE 2007 Transactions – Journal of Passenger Cars – Mechanical Systems. (SAE Noise and Vibration Conference, Saint Charles, IL, May 2007, SAE Paper #: 2007‐01‐2213.)

Van Karsen, J., Blough, J.R., Ge, T., Johnson, D, and Rao, M., “Estimation of Powertrain Inertia Properties via an In‐situ Method,” SAE 2007 Transactions – Journal of Passenger Cars – Mechanical Systems. (SAE Noise and Vibration Conference, Saint Charles, IL, May 2007, SAE Paper #: 2007‐01‐2410.)

Blough, J., Naber J., Frankowski, D., Goble Monroe, Szpytman, J.E., “Analysis of Combustion Knock Metrics in Spark‐Ignition Engines,” SAE 2006 Transactions Journal of Engines, Document Number: 2006‐01‐0400, April 2006.

Singh, N., Johnson, J.H., Parker, G.G., and Yang, S.‐L., “Vehicle Engine After‐treatment System Simulation (VEASS) Model: Application to a Controls Design Strategy for Active Regeneration of a Catalyzed Particulate Filter,” SAE 2005 Transactions Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, SAE Paper No. 2005‐01‐0970, April 2009.

29

Triana, A.P., Johnson, J.H., Yang, S.L., and Baumgard, K.J., “An Experimental and Computational Study of the Pressure Drop and Regeneration Characteristics of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and a Particulate Filter”, SAE 2006 Transactions Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, March 2007.

Hasan, M., Triana, A.P., Johnson, J.H., and Yang, S.L., “An Advanced 1D 2‐Layer Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter Model to Simulate: Filtration by the Wall and Particulate Cake, Oxidation in the Wall and Particulate Cake by NO2 and O2, and Regen‐eration by Heat Addition”, SAE 2006 Transactions Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, March 2007.

Huynh, C.T., Johnson, J.H., Yang, S.L., Bagley, S.T., and Warner, J.R., “A One‐Dimensional Computational Model for Studying the Filtration and Regeneration Characteristics of a Catalyzed Wall‐Flow Diesel Particulate Filter,” SAE Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, pp. 620 ‐ 646, 2004 (SAE 2003 Transactions).

Litzinger, T., Colket, M., Kahandawala, M., Katta, V., Lee, S.‐Y., Liscinsky, D., McNesby, K., Pawlik, R., Roquemore, W., Santoro, R., Sidhu, S., Stouffer, S., Wu, J., “Fuel Additive Effects on Soot across a Suite of Laboratory Devices, Part 1: Etha‐nol,” Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 181, pp. 310‐328, 2009.

Balster, L., Coporan, E., Dewitt, M., Edwards, T., Ervin, J., Graham, J., Lee, S.‐Y., Pal, S., Phelps, D., Rudnick, L., Santoro, R., Schobert, H., Shafer, L., Striebich, R., West, Z., Wilson, G., Woodward, R., Zabarnick, S., “Development of an Advanced, Thermally Stable, Coal‐based Jet Fuel,” Fuel Processing Technology, 2008.

Santoro, R., and Lee, S.‐Y., “Pulse Detonation Engines: Progress and Challenges,” in Book of Kenneth K. Kuo and Juan Rivera, "Advancement in Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsions", Begell House Inc. Publishers, p. 436‐456, 2007.

Lee, S.‐Y., Watts, J., Saretto, S., Pal, S., Conrad, C., Woodward, R., and Santoro, R.J., “Deflagration to Detonation Transition Processes by Turbulence‐Generating Obstacles in Pulse Detonation Engines,” Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 1026‐1036, 2004.

Lee, S.‐Y., Seo, S., Broda, J., Pal, S., and Santoro, R., “An Experimental Estimation of Mean Reaction Rate and Flame Struc‐ture in a Lean‐Premixed Gas Turbine Combustor,” Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 28, pp. 775‐782, 2000

Meng, D., and Allen, J., “Micro– and Nanofluidics for Energy Conversion,” IEEE Nanotechnology Magazine, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 19‐23, December 2009.

Meng, D.D., and Kim, C.‐J., "An Active Micro‐direct Methanol Fuel Cell with Self‐Circulation of Fuel and Built‐In Removal of CO2 Bubbles," Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 194, No. 1, pp. 445‐450, October 2009.

Teng, F., Zhu, Y., He, G., Gao, G., and Meng, D., “Cataluminescence and Catalysis Properties of CO Oxidation Over Porous Network of ZrO2 Nanorods Synthesized by a Bio‐Template,” The Open Catalyst Journal, Vol. 2, pp. 86‐91, March 2009.

Teng, F., Yao, W., Zhu, Y., Chen, M., Wang, R., Mho, S., and Meng, D., “Correlation Cataluminescence (CTL) Property with Reactivity of Hydrothermally Synthensized La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 Cubes and CTL as a Rapid Mode of Screening Catalyst,” The Jour‐nal of Physical Chemistry C., Vol. 113, No. 8, pp. 3089‐3095, January 2009.

Meng , D.D., and Kim, C.‐J., "Micropumping of Liquid by Directional Growth and Selective Venting of Gas Bubbles," Lab on a Chip, Vol. 8, pp. 958 ‐ 968, 2008.

Meng, D.D., Cubaud, T., Ho, C.‐H., and Kim, C.‐J., "A Methanol‐Tolerant Gas‐Venting Microchannel for a Micro Direct Metha‐nol Fuel Cell," Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, Vol. 16, pp. 1403‐1410, 2007.

Meng, D.D., Kim, J., and Kim, C.‐J., "A Degassing Plate with Hydrophobic Bubble Capture and Distributed Venting for Micro‐fluidic Devices," Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, Vol. 16, pp. 419‐424, 2006.

Meng, D.D., and Kim, C.‐J., "A Micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell with Self‐Pumping of Liquid Fuel," Technical Digest Solid State Sensor, Actuator and Microsystems Workshop, Hilton Head Island, SC, pp. 120‐123, June 2006. (selected for oral presenta‐tion)

Wallner, T., Miers, S.A., McConnell, S., “A Comparison of Ethanol and Butanol as Oxygenates Using a Direct‐Injection, Spark‐Ignition Engine,” Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 131, 03802‐1, May 2009.

Miers, S. A., Barna, G. L., Anderson, C. L., Blough, J. R., Inal, M. K., Ciatti, S. A., “A Wireless Microwave Telemetry Data Trans‐fer Technique for Reciprocating and Rotating Components,” ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, GTP‐06‐1228, Vol.130, Issue 2, 2007.

Miers, S.A., Anderson, C.L., Blough, J.R., Inal, M.K., “Impingement Identification in a High Speed Diesel Engine using Piston Surface Temperature Measurements,” SAE Special Publication 05M‐329, 2005.

Miller, M.H., Perrault, J.A., Parker, G.G., Bettig, B.P., and Bifano, T.G., “Simple Models for Piston‐Type Micromirrror Behav‐ior,” Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, Vol. 16, pp. 303‐313, January 2006.

Mukherjee, A., Bayazitoglu, Y., “Contribution of Thin Film Evaporation during Flow Boiling Inside a Microchannel,” Interna‐tional Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 48, No. 11, pp. 2025‐2035, November 2009.

APSRC Publications

30

Mukherjee, A., and Naber, J.D., “Ionization Signal Response during Combustion Knock and Comparison to Cylinder Pressure for SI Engines,” SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars—Electrical and Electrical Systems, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 349‐364, April 2009.

Mukherjee, A., and Kandlikar, S.G., “Numerical Study of Single Bubbles with Dynamic Contact Angle during Nucleate Pool Boiling”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 50, No. 1‐2, pp. 127‐138, January 2007.

Mukherjee, A., and Kandlikar, S.G.., “Numerical Study of an Evaporating Meniscus on a Moving Heated Surface”, ASME Jour‐nal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 128, No. 12, 1285‐1292, December 2006.

Mukherjee, A., and Kanlikar, S.G., “Numerical Simulation of Growth of a Vapor Bubble during Flow Boiling of Water in a Mi‐crochannel”, Journal of Microfuidics and Nanofluidics, Vol.1, No. 2, pp. 137‐145, May 2005.

Kandlikar, S.G., Kuan, W.K., and Mukherjee, A., “Experimental Study of Heat Transfer in an Evaporating Meniscus on a Mov‐ing Heated Surface”, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 127, No.3, pp. 244‐252, March 2005.

Mukherjee, A., and Dhir, V.K., “Numerical and Experimental Study of Lateral Merger of Vapor Bubbles during Nucleate Pool Boiling”, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 126, No. 6, pp. 1023‐1039, December 2004. (Recipient of the 2006 ASME Journal of Heat Transfer Best Paper Award)

Naber, J.D., and Worm, J., “Chapter 6: Application of Biomass Derived Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines with a Focus on Transportation,” in Renewable Energy from Forest Resources in the United States, Soloman, B.D., and V.A. Luzadis, edi‐tors, (Oxfordshire: Routledge, UK), 2008.

Szwaja, S., and Naber, J.D., “Impact of Leaning Hydrogen‐Air Mixtures on Engine Combustion Knock,” Journal of KONES, Powertrain and Transportation, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 483‐491, 2008.

Mathur, V.K., Moscherosch, B.W., Polonowski, C.J., and Naber, J.D., “Application and Comparison of Soy Based Biodiesel Fuel to Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel in a HPCR Diesel Engine—Part I: Engine Performance Parameters,” Journal of KONES, Powertrain and Transportation, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 327‐334, 2008.

Mathur, V.K., Moscherosch, B.W., Polonowski, C.J., and Naber, J.D., “Application and Comparison of Soy Based Biodiesel Fuel to Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel in a HPCR Diesel Engine—Part II: Combustion and Emissions,” Journal of KONES, Power‐train & Transportation, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 311‐320, 2008.

Polonowski, C., Naber, J., and Blough, J.R., “Accelerometer Based Sensing of Combustion in a High Speed HPCR Diesel En‐gine,” SAE 2007 Transactions—Journal of Passenger Cars—Mechanical Systems, Section 6, Vol. 16, pp. 592‐607, 2007.

Naber, J., Johnson, J.H., Bagley, S.T., Singh, P., Thalagavara, A.M, “An Experimental Study of Active Regeneration of an Ad‐vanced Catalyze Particulate Filter by Diesel Fuel Injection Upstream of an Oxidation Catalyst,” SAE Transactions Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, Vol. 115, pp. 334‐357, April 2006.

Kulkarni, S.D., Narain, A., Mitra, S., and Phan, L., “Forced Flow of Vapor Condensing over a Horizontal Plate (Problem of Cess and Koh*) Part 1—Steady Solutions of the Full 2D Governing Equations,” ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 2009.

Ng, T.W., Narain, A., and Kivisalu, M., “Fluorescence and Fiber‐Optics Based Real‐Time Thickness Sensor for Dynamic Liquid Films,” ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 2009.

Kulkarni, S.D., Narain, A., and Mitra, S., “Forced Flow of Vapor Condensing over a Horizontal Plate (Problem of Cess and Koh*) Part 2—Unsteady Solutions of the Full 2D Governing Equations Yielding Steady “Attractors” and their Unsteady Re‐sponses to Initial Disturbances and Noise,” ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, April 2009.

Narain, A., Kulkarni, S.D., Mitra, S., Kurita, J.H., and Kivisalu, M., “Internal Condensing Flows in Terrestrial and Micro‐gravity Environments—Computational and Ground‐based Experimental Investigations of the Effects of Specified and Unspecified (Free) Conditions at Exit,” Interdisciplinary Transport Phenomena: Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 1161, pp. 321‐360, January 2009.

Phan, L. and Narain, A., “Non‐linear Stability of the Classical Nusselt Problem of Film Condensation and Wave‐Effects,” ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 74, No. 2, pp. 279‐290, 2007.

Narain, A., Kurita, J.H., Kivisalu, M., Kulkarni, S.A., Siemionko, A., Ng, T.W., Kim, N., and Phan, L., “Internal Condensing Flows Inside a Vertical Pipe—Experimental/Computational Investigations of the Effects of Specified and Unspecified (Free) Condi‐tions at Exit,” ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 129, No. 10, pp. 1352‐1372, Oct. 2007.

Phan, L., Wang, X., and Narain, A., “Exit Condition, Gravity, and Surface‐Tension Effects on Stability and Noise‐sensitivity Issues for Steady Condensing Flows inside Tubes and Channels,” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 49, No. 13‐14, pp. 2058‐2076, July 2006.

Liang, Q., Wang, X., and Narain, A., “Effect of Gravity, Shear and Surface Tension in Internal Condensing Flows ‐ Results from Direct Computational Simulations.” ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 126, No. 5, pp. 676 – 686, October 2004.

APSRC Publications

31

Narain, A., Liang, Q., Yu, G., and Wang, X., “Direct Computational Simulations for Internal Condensing Flows and Results on Attainability/Stability of Steady Solutions, Their Intrinsic Waviness, and Their Noise‐sensitivity, ” Journal of Applied Mechan‐ics, Vol. 71, No. 1, pp. 69‐88, January 2004.

Devarakonda, M., Parker, G., Johnson, J.H., Strots, V., and Santhanam, S., “Model –Based Estimation and Control System Development in Urea‐SCR Aftertreatment System,” SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 646‐661, April 2009.

Bleck, J.C., Epp, D.S., Sumali, H., and Parker, G.G., “A Simple Learning Control to Eliminate RE‐MEMS Switch Bounce,” Jour‐nal of Microelectromechanical Systems, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 458‐465, April 2009.

Dhaliwal, A., Parker, G.G. and Blough, J.R., “Active Structural Acoustic Control of Road Noise in a Passenger Vehicle,” Inter‐national Journal of Vehicle Autonomous Systems, Vol. 2, 168‐188, 2004.

Chen, W., Buehler, M., Parker, G.G., and Bettig, B., “Optimal Sensor Design and Control of Piezoelectric Laminate Beams,” IEEE Transactions on Control System Technology, Vol. 12, No. 1, 148‐155, 2004.

Ponta, F.L., Jacovkis, P., “Marine‐current Power Generation by Diffuser‐augmented Floating Hydro‐turbines,” Renewable Energy, Elsevier, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 665‐673, April 2008.

Ponta, F.L., and Lago, L.I., “Analyzing the Suspension System of VGOT‐Darrieus Wind Turbines,” Energy for Sustainable De‐velopment, International Energy Initiative, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 5‐16, June 2008.

Ponta, F., Seminara, J., Otero, A., “On the Aerodynamics of Variable‐Geometry Oval‐Trajectory Darrieus Wind Turbines”, Renewable Energy, Elsevier; Vol. 32, 35‐56, 2007.

Ponta, F., “The KLE Method: A Velocity‐Vorticity Formulation for the Navier‐Stokes Equations”, Journal of Applied Mechan‐ics, Transactions of the ASME, Vol. 73, pp. 1031‐1038, November 2006.

Ponta, F., "Effect of Shear‐layer Thickness on the Strouhal‐Reynolds Number Relationship for Bluff‐body Wakes ," Journal of Fluids and Structures, Vol. 22, No. 8, pp.1133‐1138, November 2006.

Ponta, F., Aref, H., “Numerical Experiments on Vortex Shedding from an Oscillating Cylinder”; Journal of Fluids and Struc‐tures, Elsevier; Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 327‐344, April 2006.

Ponta, F., “The Kinematic Laplacian Equation Method”; Journal of Computational Physics, Academic Press; Vol. 207, No. 2, pp. 405‐426, August 2005.

Ponta, F., Aref, H., “Vortex Synchronization Regions in Shedding from Oscillating Cylinders”; Physics of Fluids, American Institute of Physics, Vol. 17, p. 011703, November 2004.

Ponta, F., Aref, H., “Strouhal‐Reynolds Number Relationship for Vortex Streets”; Physical Review Letters, American Physical Society; Vol. 93, p. 084501, 2004.

Ponta, F., Otero, A., "On the structural behavior of variable‐geometry oval‐trajectory Darrieus wind turbines," Renewable Energy, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 827‐832, March 2003.

Ponta, F., Jacovkis, P., “A Vortex Model for Darrieus Turbine Using Finite Element Techniques”; Renewable Energy, Elsevier; Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 1‐18, September 2001.

Holt, J.R., Rao, M.D., Blough, J.R., and Gruenberg, S., “Time History Based Excitation in the Dynamic Characterization of Automotive Elastomers,” Journal of Automobile Engineering, Vol. 221, No.3, Part D, pp. 271‐284, 2007

Yeliana, Worm, J., Michalek, D., and Naber, J., “Property Determination for Ethanol‐Gasoline Blends with Application to Mass Fraction Burn Analysis in a Spark Ignition Engine,” Journal of KONES, Powertrain & Transportation, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 553‐561, 2008.

Yeliana, Cooney, C., Worm, J., Michalek, D., and Naber, J.D., “Wiebe Function Parameter Determination for Mass Fraction

Burn Calculation in an Ethanol‐Gasoline Fuelled SI Engine,” Journal of KONES, Powertrain & Transportation, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp.

567‐574, 2008.

Urip, E., Liew, K.H., and Yang, S. L., “Modeling IC Engine Conjugate Heat Transfer Using the KIVA Code,” Numerical Heat

Transfer, Part A, Vol. 52, pp. 1‐ 23, 2007.

Liew, K.H., Urip, E., Yang, S.L., Marek, C.J., Mattingly, J.D., “Performance Cycle Analysis of a Two‐spool Separate‐exhaust Turbofan with Interstage Turbine Burner,” AIAA Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 411‐416, 2006.

Yang, S.L., Siow, Y.S., Teo, C.Y., and Hanjalic, K., “A KIVA Code with Re‐Stress Model for Engine Flow Simulation,” Energy – An International Journal, Vol. 30, No. 2‐4, pp. 427‐445, February‐March, 2005.

APSRC Publications

32

APSRC Graduate Students

Recent Graduate Students (2004‐2009)

Doctor of Philosophy

Name Advisor Dissertation Year

Eggart, Brian Anderson, Carl L. Boiling Detection in an Internal Combustion EngineCooling System 2007

Gandhi, Anand Anderson, Carl L. Spray Characterization in a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine During Cold Start

2005

Inal, Mehmet Anderson, Carl L. Thermal Loading and Surface Temperature Analysis of the Piston of a Small HSDI Diesel Engine

2005

Kowalski, Darin Anderson, Carl L. Blough, Jason R.

Characterization and Prediction of Cavitation Induced Torque Con‐verter Noise

2004

Miers, Scott Anderson, Carl L. Identification and Characterization of Impingement Signatures in a High Speed Diesel Engine using Piston Surface Temperature Meas‐urements

2004

Robinette, Darrell Anderson, Carl L. Detecting and Predicting the Onset of Cavitation in Automotive Torque Converters

2007

Cheng, Huojin Beard, John E. Model Based Experimental Investigation on Powered Gait Orthosis (PGO)

2005

Keske, Justin Blough, Jason R. Investigation of a Semi‐Active Muffler System with Implementation on a Snowmobile

2009

Triana, Antonio Johnson, John H. Yang, Song‐Lin

Development of Models to Study the Emissions, Flow, and Kinetic Characteristics from Diesel Oxidation Catalysts and Particulate Fil‐ters

2004

Ng, Tian Wei Narain, Amitabh Development and Calibration of a Fluorescence and fiber‐Optics Based Real‐Time Thickness Sensor for Dynamic Liquid Films

2006

Phan, Lucas Narain, Amitabh Flow Simulations and Code Developments for Internal/External Condensing Flows

2007

Liew, Ka Heng Yang, Song‐Lin Aerothermodynamic Cycle Analysis of a Dual‐Spool, Separate‐Exhaust Turbofan Engine with an Inter‐stage Turbine Burner

2006

Ting, Foo Chern Yang, Song‐Lin Post, Scott L.

Intra‐Parcel Collision Model 2006

Urip, Egel Yang, Song‐Lin The KIVA Code with Conjugate Heat Transfer Model for IC Engine Simulation

2006

33


Master’s of Science


Fritz, David Allen, Jeffrey Coursework 2009

Fultz, Derek Allen, Jeffrey Non‐Intrusive Pressure Measurement in Microchannels 2007

Gorsalitz, Gary Allen, Jeffrey A Feasibility Analysis on Utilizing an Existing Environmental Chamber Laboratory for Freezing Studies Relating to Water Management in PEM Fuel Cells

2005

Hernandez, Joseph Allen, Jeffrey Bislug Flow in Circular and Noncircular Channels and the Role of Interface Stretching on Energy Dissipation

2008

Lechnyr, Joseph Allen, Jeffrey Imaging of Fuel Cell Diffusion Media Under Compressive Strain 2009

Padate, Swapnil Allen, Jeffrey Dynamics of Evaporating Films: A Numerical Model and an Experimental Approach

2006

Tseng, Sheng Han Allen, Jeffrey Fluidic Oscillator Design for Water Removal Enhancement in a PEM Fuel Cell

2006

DeJesus, Edward Anderson, Carl L. Blade Tip Induced Loading on a 310mm Automotive Torque Converter Turbine Blade

2005

Eggart, Brian Anderson, Carl L Coursework 2007

Kumpelis, John Anderson, Carl L. Coursework 2007

Mankar, Sanjog Anderson, Carl L. Coursework 2007

Weingartz, Christopher Anderson, Carl L Determination of Heat Transfer Augmentation Due to Fuel Spray Impingement in a High‐Speed Diesel Engine

2007

Rosso, Paul Beard, John E Blough, Jason R.

A Variable Displacement Engine with Independently Controllable Stroke Length and Compression Ratio

2005

Hadden, Robert Blough, Jason R. Study of Flow Characterization in Truck Exhaust Systems 2008

Johnson, David Blough, Jason R Rao, Mohan

In‐Situ Estimation of Powertrain Dynamic Properties 2005

Arasappa, Rohith Johnson, John H. Naber, Jeffrey D.

Modeling the Filtration, Oxidation and Pressure Drop Characteristics of a Catalyzed Particulate Filter during Active Regeneration

2008

Dabhoiwala, Rayomand Johnson, John H. An Experimental and Modeling Study of Two Diesel Oxidation Catalyst‐Catalyzed Particulate Filter Systems and the Effects of the Cracked Filter on its Performance

2007

Hasan, Mohammed Johnson, John H. The Filtration and Oxidation Characteristics of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and a Catalyzed Particulate Filter: Development of a 1‐D 2‐Layer Model

2005

Lakkireddy, Venkata Johnson, John H. The Effect of an Advanced Oxidation Catalytic Converter and a Catalyzed Particulate Filter on Emissions from a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine

2004

34




Nair, Rajesh Johnson, John H. Coursework 2007

Nanjundareddy, Rajiv Johnson, John H Coursework 2006

Peplinski, Andrew Johnson, John H Coursework 2007

Premchand, Kiran Johnson, John H. An Experimental and Modeling Study of the Filtration and Oxidation Characteristics of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and a Catalyzed Particulate Filter

2006

Singh, Paramjot Johnson, John H. Naber, Jeffrey D.

An Experimental Study of Active Regeneration of an Active Regeneration of an Advanced Catalyzed Particulate Filter by Diesel Fuel Injection Upstream of an Oxidation Catalyst

2005

Nie, Min Meng, Desheng Fabrication of Nanoparticles by Short‐Distance Sputter Deposition

2009

Syed, Iltesham Mukherjee, Abhijit Experimental Study of Forced Convection Heat Transfer to Water Flowing through a Short Micro Duct at the Tip of a Cutting Tool at Turbulent Reynolds Number

2009

Acharya, Nirav Naber, Jeffrey D. Start of Combustion Detection Using In‐Cylinder Ionization Feedback in a HPCR Direct Injection Diesel Engine

2006

Bhandary, Kirtan Naber, Jeffrey D. Characterization of Knock/Pre‐Ignition and Combustion Study of a Hydrogen Engine

2006

Chilumukuru, Krishna Pradeep

Naber, Jeffrey D. Johnson, John H.

An Experimental Study of Particulate Thermal Oxidation in a Catalyzed Filter during Active Regeneration

2008

LNU, Abhijit Naber, Jeffrey D. Ionization Waveform Characteristics as a Feedback Signal for Spark Ignited Engines

2008

LNU, Amandeep Singh Naber, Jeffrey D. Estimating Residual Gas Fraction for SI Engines with Dual Independent Cam Systems

2008

Mathur, Vivek Naber, Jeffrey D. Experimental Investigation of Soy Based Biodiesel Fuel in Comparison to Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel in a HSDI Diesel Engine

2008

Moscherosch, Ben Naber, Jeffrey D. Combustion and Emissions Characterization of Soy Methyl Ester Biodiesel Blends in an Automotive Turbocharged Diesel Engine

2008

Nande, Abhijeet Naber, Jeffrey D. Combustion and Emissions Studies in Spark Ignition Engines Fuelled with Hydrogen

2008

Nesbitt, Jaclyn Naber, Jeffrey D. Combustion Vessel Laboratory Development Focusing on Optical Diagnostic Subsystem Integration through the Dynamic Characterization of Fuel Sprays

2008

Rajagopalan, Satheesh Rajh

Naber, Jeffrey D. Experimental Measure and Analysis for Determination of Combustion Knock Intensity in Spark Ignition Engine

2006

Yeliana, Yeliana Naber, Jeffrey D. Coursework 2007

Bilyeu, Jordan Narain, Amitabh Flow Simulations for Optimized Performance of Displacement Pumps Manufactured by Engineered Machined Products

2006

35




Chichester, Alan Narain, Amitabh CFD Modeling of Natural and Forced Convection Regimes for a Hull‐mounted U‐tube Marine Heat Exchanger

2005

Delgadillo Rocha, Hector Narain, Amitabh Measurement and Modeling of Film Thickness Variations for Annular In‐Tube Flows Through Design and Development of a Flow‐Loop Test Apparatus

2006

Kurita Nagasawa, Jorge Narain, Amitabh Experimental Investigation of Fully Condensing Downward Vapor Flows in a Vertical Tube ‐ Unspecified (Free) Exit Condi‐tion Cases

2007

Sikarwar, Sandeep Narain, Amitabh Recalibration and Modification of a Real Time Optical Fiber and Fluorescence based Liquid Film Thickness Sensor

2008

Yang, Yung Tai Yang, Song‐Lin Implementation of a Third‐Order Monotonic Upwind‐Biased Scheme for Engine Flow Simulation Using the KIVA Code

2007

37

A s the world continues to change with globalization and technological advances so must engineering education programs. The Engineering Education

Innovation research group seeks to understand and improve the total educational experience in order to prepare engineering students for the demands of a changing workplace.

Subjects of investigation involve analyzing student motivation and gain insight into their emotional state as a means to assess the effectiveness of current educational practices. In the process the group is required to shift their methodology from familiar, numerical experiments to more nuanced measurement often employed by social scientists. With their findings the research group will develop curriculum improvement design to increase students' global competency and lifelong learning skills to better prepare graduates for academic and professional work.

Areas of focus include preparation of agile engineering graduates who adapt quickly to new job assignments, and increasing the number of students exposed to international, entrepreneurial, and research experiences. Researchers are also intent on attracting more young people including women and minorities, to engineering and providing continuing education of engineering professionals.

Significant Newly Awarded Projects (Awarded after close of FY 09):

Interdisciplinary Educational Program for the Next Generation of Hybrid Electric Vehicles: This program develops an interdisciplinary master of engineering degree and graduate and undergraduate certificates in Advanced Electric Drive Vehicle Engineering. The program will train engineers and technicians to design and build the next generation of hybrid vehicles. It provides engineering degree programs to educate on‐campus students and train the existing workforce of engineers in industry including those at our partnering institutions: AVL, GM, Eaton Corp, Horiba, MathWorks, Schweitzer Engineering Labs and others through a comprehensive distance learning program.

The team aims to design and build a mobile laboratory that will be the platform for distance learning and serve as a showcase for outreach activities. The result will be an interdisciplinary program that meets the needs of the

transportation and power industries and provides students with a unique skill set that will accelerate the advancement and development of electric drive vehicles.

Current research highlights: Multi‐Semester Interwoven Project for Teaching Basic Core STEM Materials Critical to Solving Dynamic System Problems: A dynamic system project is developed which spans across several semesters and courses to interweave the related science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) material in a coherent fashion to strongly emphasize the interrelationship between course materials that the students perceive as unrelated and disjointed. The material developed to support the dynamic system project will consist of the overall project description, the individual pieces of the project, multimedia material along with Java and MATLAB scripts as appropriate to help students better understand basic concepts and underlying theory to solve a complete problem. Hands on Ability: Why it Matters and How to Improve It: As educators consider curricular changes in response to emerging societal trends, where does hands‐on ability fit in? Even though engineering work is becoming ever more sophisticated, practical ability and intuition about physical phenomenon seem to be more important than ever. A few problems are central to this proposal. First, hands‐on skills seem to be important for engineers, but we don't have a good understanding of what it is about hands‐on skills that is important. Second, students come to engineering programs with a wide variation in hands‐on experience and ability. The inability of a typical lab class to accommodate that variability likely has an impact on student motivation, confidence, and interest in engineering. Third, the number of women studying mechanical and electrical engineering is frustratingly low, and hands‐on ability may play a role in that. The overarching goal of this research is to improve student preparation in the hands‐on practical aspects of engineering. Related to this goal are the following four objectives: 1) Define hands‐on ability and determine its value, 2) Develop a performance model for hands‐on ability, 3) Develop a motivation and emotion model, 4) Determine the effectiveness of solitary lab activity as a way to improve hands‐on ability.

Engineering Education Innovation Research

38


A microwave telemetry technique for making wireless measurements in reciprocating and rotating machinery has been developed. The technique is being used to study a variety of phenomena in both automotive torque converters and I. C. engines.

Cavitation signatures, turbine blade strain, torque converter noise, and static pressure maps on the suction side of the stator blade are being studied in separate projects. Static pressure maps on other blade elements, thermal maps, and flow visualization of the cavitation zones are planned for the future.

Piston thermal loading is also studied in a high‐speed direct‐injection diesel. Fast‐response surface thermocouples are used to measure crank angle‐resolved surface temperature and calculate instantaneous surface heat flux. The same sensors are being used to identify spray impingement signatures on the piston crown of the running diesel.

Areas of interest include: Heat transfer, Internal combustion engines, Torque converter, Infrared radiometry, Infrared and microwave telemetry

Carl L. Anderson Professor Associate Dean of Engineering PhD, University of Wisconsin‐Madison


EEIR Faculty

William J. Endres Associate Professor PhD, University of Illinois —

Urbana‐Champaign


Center

Engineering Education Innovation Sustainable Manufacturing & Design


Research Highlights



* Research funding and publication information for all faculty in the Engineering Educational

Innovation Group starts on page 42.

39

EEIR Faculty

Research Highlights

In recent years, Dr. Lumsdaine's interests have been in how to enhance learning, innovation, engineering design, quality, and teamwork in academia and industry. He has developed and taught contextual heat transfer, as well as math review and NVH (noise, vibration, and harshness) courses in industry. As a management consultant for Ford Motor Company, he has been heavily involved in the development of the C3P education and training program, heading up a coalition of several Michigan universities and colleges participating in the program. His work in heat transfer has focused on alternative energy sources and machines. To facilitate technology transfer and economic development, he has developed a practical course in entrepreneurship and effective problem solving needed for business startup.

Edward Lumsdaine Professor DSc, New Mexico State University


Areas of interest include: Engineering education, High‐tech training, Noise and vibrations, Heat transfer, Entrepreneurship

Research Highlights


Areas of interest include: CFD, Multi‐phase flow, Atomization, Environmentally responsible manufacturing





40

Research Highlights

Dr. Miller has used analytical and experimental methods to develop models for the grinding of brittle materials while developing techniques that improve material removal rates. Specifically, she and her students have investigated intermittent grinding and water‐jet assisted grinding, as well as wheel wear and wheel loading mechanisms. Dr. Miller has also conducted research on the design and fabrication of optical MEMS. Additional research interests include machine tool dynamics and human factors in design.

Areas of interest include: Grinding, Precision Engineering, MEMS, Human factors

Michele H. Miller Associate Professor PhD, North Carolina State University

EEIR Faculty

Ibrahim Miskioglu Associate Professor PhD, Iowa State University



Areas of interest include: Engineering mechanics, Experimental stress analysis, Composite materials

Research Highlights

Use of severe plastic deformation to alter properties of materials

Failure studies of random fiber composites with applications to structural problems

Failure of sandwich panels with applications to structural problems

Nanoscale properties of interphase in polymer matrix composites

Photomechanics integrated with digital image processing for thermomechanical stress analysis

41

EEIR Faculty

Research Highlights









Areas of interest include: Vibration, Model analysis, Acoustics

Research Highlights

Her research interests include advanced composite materials for use in civil infrastructure, and 3‐D computer graphics for visualization of complex behaviors. Her current research project is titled Visualization of Groundwater Pollutant Fate and Transport.

Areas of interest include: Advanced Structural Analysis, Finite Elements,

Computer Applications/Mechanics

Sheryl A. Sorby Professor PhD, Michigan Technological

University

Director, Engineering Education Innovation Research Group

42

ME‐EM Research Projects through June 2009 Engineering Education Innovation Research

Investigator(s) Sponsor Total Award Title

Keith, Jason ‐ PI

Allen, Jeffrey ‐ Co‐PI

Caspary, David ‐ Co‐PI

Crowl, Daniel ‐ Co‐PI

Meldrum, Jay ‐ Co‐PI

Meng, Desheng ‐ Co‐PI

Mukherjee, Abhijit ‐ Co‐PI

Naber, Jeffrey ‐ Co‐PI

US Department of Energy $482,244 Hydrogen Education Curriculum Path at Michigan

Technological University

Charlesworth, Debra ‐ PI

Beard, John ‐ Co‐PI

National Science Foundation

$156,405 Senior Engineering Design Projects to Assist Disabled Persons

in Michigan’s Copper Country

Beard, John ‐ PI Argonne National

Laboratory $120,525 Enterprise: EcoCar—The NeXt Challenge

Wright, Debra ‐ PI

Nelson, David ‐ Co‐PI

Beard, John ‐ Co‐PI


$16,089 Senior Engineering Design Projects to Assist Disabled Persons

Endres, William ‐ PI Caterpillar Inc $23,739 Senior Design: Team #4 Oil Leak Detection & Quantification

Endres, William ‐ PI GHSP $23,739 Senior Design: Design Team #15 Automated Vision

Maintenance System

Endres, William ‐ PI HGS Aerospace $23,349 Senior Design Team #29 Multi‐Axis Head Design

Gershenson, John ‐ PI SRAM Corp $4,070 Senior Design: Accelerometer Based Data Acquisition System

for Bicycles

Haut‐Donahue, Tammy ‐ PI Champion Marine Inc $23,400 Senior Design: Side‐Life‐Tandem Boat Hoist

LaCourt, Michael ‐ PI SAF Holland Inc $23,739 Senior Design: Design Team #10 Next Generation Tractor‐

Trailer Interface

Lumsdaine, Edward ‐ Co‐PI National Science

Foundation $659,108 Creating an Entrepreneurial Culture in a Rural Setting

Lumsdaine, Edward ‐ PI Ford Motor Co Inc $397,633 2004 C3PNG PTO Support

Lumsdaine, Edward ‐ PI Ford Motor Co Inc $326,147 2005 Support of C3P Powertrain Training

Lumsdaine, Edward ‐ PI Ford Motor Co Inc $293,294 2005 Support of C3P Level Training

Lumsdaine, Edward ‐ PI Ford Motor Co Inc $279,779 2005 Support of C3P 200 Level Training

Lumsdaine, Edward ‐ PI Ford Motor Co Inc $240,140 2007 Staffing for the C3P ISD

Lumsdaine, Edward ‐ PI Ford Motor Co Inc $234,301 2006 200 Level C3P Training

Lumsdaine, Edward ‐ PI Ford Motor Co Inc $231,204 2006 Support of C3P Powertrain Training

Lumsdaine, Edward ‐ PI Ford Motor Co Inc $194,309 2004 C3PNG Support

Lumsdaine, Edward ‐ PI Ford Motor Co Inc $148,434 Graduate Studies in Entrepreneurship

Lumsdaine, Edward ‐ PI Ford Motor Co Inc $143,034 2006 C3P Technical Administrative Support

Lumsdaine, Edward ‐ PI Ford Motor Co Inc $140,914 2005 C3P Technical Administrative Support

Lumsdaine, Edward ‐ PI Ford Motor Co Inc $137,026 2004 Funding for a C3PNG Technical Administrator

Lumsdaine, Edward ‐ PI Ford Motor Co Inc $7,400 2005 Support of C3P Power Training

43

ME‐EM Research Projects through June 2009 Engineering Education Innovation Research


Lumsdaine, Edward ‐ PI Ford Motor Co Inc $5,819 2006 Funding for a C3P Subject Matter Expert

Margraves, Charles ‐ PI Catepillar Inc $23,739 Senior Design: On‐Machine Mass Air Flow Measurement

Margraves, Charles ‐ PI Nu‐Vu Foodservice Systems $20,348 Senior Design Team #11 Convection Oven Design Optimization

Michalek, Donna ‐ PI

Lovett‐Doust, Leslie ‐ Co‐PI

Predebon, William ‐ Co‐PI

National Science Foundation $532,786 ADVANCE: Changing the Face of Michigan Tech

Miller, Michelle ‐ PI

Bohmann, Leonard ‐ Co‐PI

Helton, William ‐ Co‐PI

National Science Foundation $396,309 Hands‐on Ability: Why It Matters and How to Improve It

Jaszczak, John ‐ PI

Miller, Michele ‐ Co‐PI National Science Foundation $134,396

NUE: Undergraduate Exploration of Nano‐Science, Applications, and Societal Implications at Michigan Tech

Miskioglu, Ibrahim ‐ PI

Berkey, Richard ‐ Co‐PI Altair Engineering Inc. $10,852 Enterprise: Altair Hyperworks Tutorial Development Project

Odegard, Gregory ‐ PI Anchor Coupling Inc $23,739 Senior Design: #17 Lightweight Hydraulic (Fitting) Coupling

Design Optimization

Odegard, Gregory ‐ PI Volvo Construction

Equipment, North America $23,739

Senior Design Team #18 Selective Grade‐Ability Control System for an Excavator

Anderson, Christine ‐ PI

Predebon, William ‐ Co‐PI

Henry Luce Foundation/ Clare Boothe Luce Program

$295,612 Clare Boothe Luce Scholar Program

Predebon, William ‐ PI

D’Souza, Roshan ‐ Co‐PI

Endres, William ‐ Co‐PI

Friedrich, Craig ‐ Co‐PI

Michalek, Donna ‐ Co‐PI

Miller, Michele ‐ Co‐PI

Sutherland, John ‐ Co‐PI

State of Michigan $34,700 Nationally Visible Infrastructure: The MTU Machining Education

& Research Laboratories (MERL)

Rao, Mohan ‐ PI Ford Motor Co Inc $20,348 Senior Design: Design, Testing and Construction of a Hemi‐Anechoic Chamber for the Chassis‐Roll Dynamometer Test

Facility at MTU

Rao, Mohan ‐ PI

Berkey, Richard ‐ Co‐PI

General Dynamics Land Systems

$13,159 NVH Enterprise: E‐Vehicle Noise Suppression and Exhaust

System Acoustic Profile Optimization Projects

Sorby, Sheryl ‐ PI National Science Foundation $721,994 IPA Assignment for Sheryl Sorby

Sorby, Sheryl ‐ PI

Sutherland, John ‐ Co‐PI National Science Foundation $601,294 Implementing a Curriculum for Service Systems Engineering

Sorby, Sheryl ‐ PI

Sutherland, John ‐ Co‐PI National Science Foundation $99,976 Defining a Curriculum for Service Systems Engineering

Van Karsen, Charles ‐ PI

Endres, William ‐ Co‐PI Continental Teves Inc $23,739 Senior Design: Backup Accident Avoidance System

Van Karsen, Charles ‐ PI Bayer MaterialScience LLC $23,739 Senior Design: Design/Development of Polycarbonate Rear

Slider Window System

Van Karsen, Charles ‐ PI Catepillar Inc $23,739 Senior Design Team #3 Sealing Contact Pressure Measurement




$17,160 Senior Design: Exhaust System Acoustic Profile Optimization




$17,160 Senior Design: E‐Vehicle Noise Suppression System

44

EEI Publications

Manor, N., Anderson, J., Beard, J., “Design and Development of the 2003 Michigan Tech Futuretruck, a Parallel Hy‐brid Electric Vehicle,” SAE Publication, No. 2003‐01‐1257.

Wright, D.D., Beard, J.E., Nelson, D.A., Michigan Tech University, In: Enderle JD and Hallowell B, editors. NSF 2002 Engineering Senior Design Projects to Aid Persons with Disabilities. Mansfield Center, CT: Creative Learning Press, 2003.

Lumsdaine, E., and Binks, M., “Entrepreneurship from Creativity to Innovation”, Trafford Publishing, Canada 2006, 2007, 206 pages.

Lumsdaine, E., and Binks, M., “Keep on Moving! Entrepreneurial Creativity and Effective Problem Solving”, McGraw‐Hill Higher Education, 2003.

Lumsdaine, E., Lumsdaine, M., and Shelnutt, J.W., “Creative Problem Solving and Engineering Design”, McGraw‐Hill, 1999.

Lumsdaine, E. and Lumsdaine, M., "Prerequisites for Organizational Innovation," Chapter 2 in Break‐Out Creativity (Rick Crandall, ed.), Select Press, 1998.

Lumsdaine, E., and Lumsdaine, M., “Creative Problem Solving: Thinking Skills for a Changing World”, McGraw‐Hill, 1995.

Lumsdaine, M. and Lumsdaine, E., "Thinking Preferences of Engineering Students: Implications for Curriculum Re‐structuring," Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 84, No. 2, pp. 193‐204, April 1995.

Jiao, J, Gershenson, J.K., and Michalek, D.J., “Managing Modularity and Commonality in Product and Process Devel‐opment,” Concurrent Engineering, Vol. 15, pp. 81‐83, 2007.

Sorby, S., “Educational Research in Developing 3‐D Spatial Skills for Engineering Students,” International Journal of Science Education, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 459‐480, February 2009.

Sutherland, J.W., Sorby, S., Bohmann, L., Drummer, T., Frendewey, J., Johnson, D., Mattila, K., and Warrington, R., "Defining a Curriculum in Service Systems Engineering," Service Science, Management and Engineering for the 21st Cen‐tury, pp. 115‐122, 2008.

Sorby, S.A., and Schumaker‐Chadde, “Partnering to Bring Engineering Concepts to Elementary Students,” Interna‐tional Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 65‐72, 2007.

Sorby, S.A. and Bulleit, W.M., Engineer’s Guide to Technical Communication, Prentice‐Hall, p. 242, 2006.

Sorby, S.A., Drummer, T., and Molzon, R.L., “Experiences in Using Spatial Skills Testing Instruments with Younger Audiences,” International Journal for Geometry and Graphics, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 227‐235, 2006.

Sorby, S.A., Oppliger, D.E., and Boersma, N., “Design and Assessment of an ‘Engineering’ Course for Non‐Majors,” Journal of STEM Education: Innovations and Research, Vol. 7, , pp. 5‐14, 2006, www.jstem.org.

Sorby, S.A., “Assessment of a ‘New and Improved’ Course for the Development of 3‐D Spatial Skills,” Engineering De‐sign Graphics Journal, Vol. 69, No. 3, pp. 6‐13, 2005.

Sorby, S., “Impact of Changes in Course Methodologies on Improving Spatial Skills,” International Journal for Geome‐try and Graphics, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 99‐105, 2005.

Sorby, S., Solid Modeling with I‐DEAS‐2nd Edition, Prentice‐Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, p. 242, January 2003.

Hamlin, B.H. and Sorby, S.A., Solid Modeling with Pro/E, Prentice‐Hall, April 2000.

Sorby, S. A., Solid Modeling with I‐DEAS, Prentice‐Hall, August 1999.

Sorby, S.A., Manner, K.J., and Baartmans, B., 3‐D Visualization for Engineering Graphics, Prentice‐Hall, December 1997.

Gimmestad Baartmans, B., and Sorby, S.A., The Development of 3‐D Spatial Visualization Ability, Prentice‐Hall, July 1995.

45

T he Mechanics of Multi‐Scale Materials research group uncovers the relationships of structures across the full range of engineering scales, from the molecular to the

macro. In addition to established practices of nanoscale mod‐eling and large‐scale structural mechanics, the research group is bridging the gap between these scales by develop‐ing accurate constitutive modeling and characterization of each intermediate level. The research group identifies the critical parameters that lead to success or failure of material for a particular application. For example, to better under‐stand how the material properties of polymer‐based struc‐tural composites affect airfoil performance, researchers are using advanced modeling and experimental methods to pat‐tern the relevant materials mechanics operating at each scale. Others are working to model structural foam designs for aerospace and automotive products, with the goal of im‐proving thermal insulation, impact absorption, and moment of inertia. Uncovering how the nano‐ and micro‐level mechan‐ics play into the millimeter and meter level structures enables advanced composite materials to be optimized for structural performance. Through advanced multi‐scale modeling, simulation, and ex‐perimentation, research is focused on developing methods that will inform emerging technologies including nano‐, micro‐, and biomedical engineering and science. The Mechanics of Multi‐Scale Materials research group is well positioned to advance the state‐of‐the‐art in this rapidly emerging field. As functions of intermediate scales between the nano‐ and macro‐ are characterized, novel materials and composites can be created and optimized. Researchers are working on novel experiments, MEMS/NEMS, atomistic and continuum model‐ing, multifunction materials and devices, microfluidic, tissue engineering, nanostructured material, material characteriza‐tion, biological transport, cell mechanics and physics‐based modeling . Current Research Highlights: Equivalent‐Continuum Modeling of Nanostructured Polymer Composites: Nanostructured polymer composite materials have the potential to provide significant increases in mechani‐cal properties relative to current materials used for aero‐space applications. To facilitate the development on nanos‐tructured materials, modeling techniques must be developed

that predict the bulk mechanical properties of the composite as a function of the molecular structure of the individual con‐stituents. Project M‐Contact Mechanics in the Human Knee Joint: Using existing finite element model of the human knee joint to study the effects of adding magnets to the knee. The output will determine how the magnets effect the kinematics and contact mechanics of the human knee. This will require an iterative approach because as the kinematics changes, the magnetic field also changes. Structure and Function of Meniscal Horn Attachments: Me‐nisci function to distribute load and increase stability of the knee joint. Both partial and complete meniscectomy have been shown to increase the incidence of osteoarthritis. Me‐niscal replacement with allograft, synthetic or tissue engi‐neered replacements, could act to reduce the incidences of osteoarthritis. The success of meniscal replacements de‐pends on their ability to restore normal meniscal function both biologically and biomechanically. Meniscal attachments are critical for proper meniscal function. Since rupture of the horn attachments of the menisci are rare it is likely that a gradient in mechanical and biochemical make‐up exists through the attachment. Previous studies have not yet iden‐tified the mechanism by which a transition from meniscus fibrocartilage to subchondral bone occurs. The goals of this project are to quantify the relationship between structure and function for meniscal attachments, and to validate a fibril‐reinforced finite element model of the meniscal horn attach‐ments. Specifically the project will 1) determine the local fluid pressures during both physiological loading level and failure testing using a fibre‐optic pressure microsensor, 2) quantify the collagen orientation in the transition zone from fibrocarti‐lage to ligamentous attachment using scanning electron mi‐croscopy, and 3) determine the mechanical properties of the transistion zones into the subchondral bone at the nanolevel and the concentration of chondroitin sulfate in these zones. The results will then be used to quantify a relationship be‐tween the structure and function of the native meniscal at‐tachments and validate the current finite element model of the attachments. This data can then be used to develop, de‐sign and evaluate the meniscal replacements, including tissue engineered constructs. A successful meniscal replacement will work to prevent joint degeneration following meniscec‐

Mechanics of Multi‐Scale Materials Research

46

Multi‐Scale Modeling of the Effects of Physical, Chemical, and Hydrothermal Aging on Failure of Graphite/Epoxy Com‐posites: Graphite fiber/epoxy composites are one of the pri‐mary structural materials used in modern civilian and military aircraft. Their excellent specific‐stiffness and specific‐strength properties are due to a sophisticated microstructure on constituent materials. However, the presence of the com‐plex microstructure leads to several possible failure modes, including the formation of craze zones in the polymer matrix and the degradation of the polymer/fiber interface. Further‐more, the potential for mechanical failure of these materials increases significantly when they are exposed to elevated temperatures and possibly moisture for long periods of time (aging). An improved understanding of the failure modes of aged composites at the atomic level can lead to improve‐ments in the development and durability of graphite/epoxy composite materials used in many aircraft structures. The development of a multi‐scale modeling approach that relates physical, chemical, and hydrothermal aging mechanisms on the molecular level with mechanical behavior of graphite/epoxy composites on the structural level. Specifically, the modeling approach will predict the onset of crazing in the crosslinked epoxy resin, the elastic properties of the epoxy resin, and the stiffness and strength properties of the fiber‐matrix interface in graphite/epoxy composites as a function of aging level and type. The results of this research can be used directly in current NASA damage models to assist the agency in understanding and predicting the effects of aging on current and future civilian and military aircraft.

M3 Research Laboratory Facilities

Photomechanics Laboratory

Two bench polariscopes with white and monochro‐matic light sources for static testing using transmis‐sion photoelasticity.

Two reflection polariscopes equipped with tele‑‐microscopes for stress analysis using photoelastic coatings.

EyeCom II Digital image analyzer with complete po‐lariscope/light source to conduct digital image analy‐sis to enhance the resolution of photoelasticity. This system has a digitizer with 8 bit resolution, one re‐fresh memory, an integral PDP‑11 computer with LSI 11/73 operating system, and it is networked with the Sun systems in the ME‑EM department. The image analyzer is also used to enhance the resolution of other optical techniques such as interferometric moire and shadow moire.

Four beam moire interferometry set up to investigate in‑plane displacements on a specimen along two or‐thogonal directions. This system offers very high reso‐lution of in‑plane displacements.

Darkroom to support the optical methods of stress analysis.

Specimen preparation room, with vented hood. This room also houses ProLight Machining Center PLM 1001 (2.5 axes numerically controlled machining cen‐ter), stress freezing oven (used in 3‑D photoelastic analysis) a band‑saw, and a router.

Photomicrography System including an Olympus BX60 polarizing microscope retrofitted with quarter wave plates and a monochromatic filter to function as a conventional polariscope.

Dr. Tammy Haut Donahue and a PhD student study Meniscal Attachments in the Biomechanics Research Lab.

47

Materials Testing Laboratories MTS servo‑hydraulic universal testing system:

Frame: 100,000‑lb Tension/Compression static force; 50,000‑lb Tension/Compression dynamic force

Grips: 110‑kip hydraulic grips with alignment head

5‑kip hydraulic grip

Hydraulic Actuator: 6‑inch stroke, 70 kip force

Controller: TestStar II Control system, with TestWare‑SX multi‑purpose testing software (both products of MTS Systems Corp.)

MTS 3‑axes structural testing system: The main portion of this laboratory area consists of a large 15618‑foot‑bed‑plate suspended on self‑leveling air cylin‐ders so that all the applied dynamic loads are not transmit‐ted into the building. The bed plate comes equipped with six 8‑inch H‑type beams with cross members and add‑on supports, which allow a variety of different testing setups in the vertical and horizontal directions.

Hydraulic Actuators:

Two‑6‑inch stroke, 35 kip force

One‑6‑inch stroke, 12 kip force

Controller: TestStar II Control System (3 channel si‐multaneous control available) with TestWare‑SX multi‑purpose testing software

Instron 20 kip screw‑driven testing system:

Controller: Sintech digital controller, with West‐Works monotonic testing program

Cincinnati environmental chamber (heating and cool‐ing)

Instron environmental chamber (heating only)

Accessories:

15% strain MTS extensometer

100% strain MTS extensometer

MTS transverse extensometer

MTS COD gage

Three/four point bending fixture 1K (2), 5K, 20K, 50K (2) load cells.

* Hydromat Test System (two dimensional panel testing) Testing laboratories are supported by a fully equipped machine shop. High Strain Rate Laboratory The laboratory consists of facilities to conduct research on dynamic behavior of metals, ceramics, and soft materials. The facilities include:

A modified split Hopkinson pressure bar to study ma‐terial response under dynamic loads at strain‑rate range of 102 to 103/s

Polymer split Hopkinson pressure bar for testing soft materials

Dynamic Indentation Hardness Tester

High‑speed digital oscilloscope, Nicolet Pro40

High‑speed Infra‑red detectors to measure rise in temperature during dynamic deformation

Dynamic Scratch Tester to study wear & scratch resis‐tance of metals & ceramics.

Laser Profilometer Biomechanics Research Laboratory The biomechanics research laboratory caters to the needs of research activities in the fields of biomechanics, sports mechanics, ergonomics, and rehabilitation engineering. The laboratory houses the following facilities:

Testing machines for biological and orthopaedic mate‐rials

Impact test bed/instrumentation

Baseball pitching machine/instrumentation

Gait kinematic/dynamic analyzer

Inclinator ‐ a total gym therapeutic system

Cybex ‐ upper body strength testing machine Nanoindentation Laboratory MTS NanoIndenter XPS System with the following op‐tions:

Continuous Stiffness Measurement (CSM)

Lateral Force Measurement

High Load System

High Performance Table Dynamic Contact Module (DCM) With the above options the specifications :

Displacement resolution <0.01 nm (XP), 0.0002 nm (DCM)

Maximum load 500 mN (XP), 1 kg (XP‐High Load), 10 mN (DCM)

Load resolution 50 nN (XP and XP‐High Load), 1nN (DCM)

48

PhD student performing research experiments in the Bio‐Chemistry Lab.

Skeletal Tissue Mechanics and Mechanotransduction Labo‐ratory Instron Axial Servohydraulic Dynamic Testing System (Model 8872)

10 kN Tension/Compression

10 kN Dynamic loadcell

FastTrack 8800 controller with Merlin software

Adaptive PID control

Screw Side Action Grips, 500 N capacity Ultra 80 Sun Workstation (4 processors) Bioreactor

Load & Displacement Control

Physiological Environment Cell culture facilities: Water baths, gel electrophoresis equipment, ‐20º freezer, ‐80º freezer, light microscope and fluorescent microscope, microplate reader, centrifuges, microcentrifuges, cell cul‐ture hood, incubators, a fluid flow system for exposing cells to shear stress and a fluorescent microscopy/imagining system for real‐time measurement of fluores‐cently labeled biosignaling molecules. Nanomechatronics Laboratory

Atomic Force Microscope

Nanoindenter on Nanomechatronics Laboratory

Micro‐manipulator

Laser induced micro‐etching machine

Optical table

49


FE model of human knee joint

Microstructural model of meniscus

Material properties of menisci, tendons and ligaments

How musculoskeletal cells respond to mechanical stimuli

Areas of interest include: Biomedical engineering, Orthopaedic biomechanics, Finite elements, Computational and experimental mechanics

Tammy L. Haut‐Donahue Associate Professor PhD, University of California –Davis Director, Solid Mechanics Area

Director, Mechanics of Multi‐Scale Materials Research Group

M3 Faculty

Gopal Jayaraman Professor PhD, University of Iowa

Mechanics of Multi‐Scale Materials

Areas of interest include: Biomechanics, Orthopaedic mechanics, Sports safety

Research Highlights

Dr. Jayaraman’s on‐going research projects are in the areas of biomechanics and solid mechanics. In the area of biomechanics the focus is on injury mechanisms in human joints and organs due to impact and fatigue and prevention of injuries by prophylactic gears and braces.

In the area of solid mechanics the focus is on structural failure and material failure due to buckling, impact and fatigue.

* Research funding and publication information for all faculty in the Mechanics of Multiscale

Materials Group starts on page 53.

50

M3 Faculty

Research Highlights

Predictive modeling and large scale simulation of deformation and failure of advanced materials

Multi‐Scale modeling to investigate the effect of microstructure on the macroscopic behavior of materials

Design and analysis of biologically inspired materials

Characterization of failure of ceramics, metallic glasses and polymers over multiple time scales

Areas of interest include: Computational Solid Mechanics, Multi‐scale modeling, Biomechanics, Dynamic failure and fracture, Fatigue response of advanced mate‐rials

Spandan Maiti Assistant Professor PhD, University of Illinois — Urbana‐Champaign


Multidisciplinary Engineered Dynamic Systems


Research Highlights







51

M3 Faculty

Gregory M. Odegard Assistant Professor PhD, University of Denver Mechanics of Multi‐Scale Materials


Space Systems

Areas of interest include: Mechanics of materials, Materials science

Research Highlights

Theoretical and Computational Mechanics

Computational Chemistry

Multi‐Scale Computational and Experimental Mechanics

Biological Materials

Multifunctional Materials





Research Highlights






52

M3 Faculty

Research Highlights

Dr. Shahbazian‐Yassar is currently doing research on the in‐situ microscopy and mechanical characterization of novel boron nitride and carbon nanotubes using MEMS technology. Also working in the area of mechanics of biomaterials and nanomaterials. Application of MEMS technology is an essential part of his research programs.

Areas of interest include: Microstructure e‐mechanical property relationship in Nano– and bio‐materials

Reza Shahbazian‐Yassar Assistant Professor PhD, Washington State University


Research Highlights

Dai’s primary research area is computer modeling and analysis of multi‐phase heterogeneous composites such as infrastructure materials, based on the image processing of composite specimens. Numerically and experimentally investigates the link between microstructure and macro mechanical properties, damage/fracture mechanisms, and nonlinear constitutive behaviors of heterogeneous composites. Additional research interests include micromechanics, nanostructured materials, biomechanics, computer‐aided design, pavement technology and infrastructure engineering.

Areas of interest include: Computational mechanics, Mechanics of materials, Multi‐scale modeling, Composite materials

Qingli (Barbara) Dai Research Assistant Professor PhD, University of Rhode Island Mechanics of Multi‐Scale Materials

Areas of interest include computational mechanics, mechanics of materials, multi‐scale modeling, composite materials

53

ME‐EM Research Projects through June 2009 Mechanics of Multi‐Scale Materials Research


Aifantis, Elias ‐ PI Odegard, Gregory ‐ Co‐PI

National Science Foundation $256,164 Novel Experiments and Models for Nanomechanical Analyses of Metallic Nanowires and Polymeric/Collagenic Nanofibers

D’Souza, Roshan ‐ PI National Science Foundation—IIS $523,644 CAREER: Towards Interactive Simulation of Giga‐Scale Agent‐Based Models on Graphics Processing Units

D’Souza, Roshan ‐ PI National Science Foundation $109,630 SGER: Exploring Data‐Parallel Techniques for Mega‐Scale Agent Based Model Simulations on Graphics

You, Zhanping ‐ PI

Dai, Qingli ‐ Co‐PI

Van Dam, Thomas ‐ Co‐PI

National Science Foundation $216,819 A Microstructure‐Based Modeling Approach to Characterize Asphalt Materials


Dai, Qingli ‐ Co‐PI

Michigan Department of Transportation

$190,001 Laboratory Evaluation of Warm Mix Asphalt


Dai, Qingli ‐ Co‐PI Michigan Dept of Transportation $152,358

Development of New Test Procedures for Measuring Fine and Coarse Aggregate Specific Gravities


Dai, Qingli ‐ Co‐PI Texas A & M University $30,587

Using Imaging Technology to Improve the Laboratory and Field Compaction of HMA

Ligon, John ‐ PI

Evensen, Harold ‐ Co‐PI

Van Karsen, Charles ‐ Co‐PI

USDA Forest Products Laboratory $184,806 A Study to Examine the Use of Transverse Vibration Nondestructive Techniques to Determine Residual Stiffness and Strength of Timber Bridges

Gao, Xin‐Lin ‐ PI Ohio University $163,000 Science and Engineering of Carbon Foams

Gao, Xin‐Lin ‐ PI US Dept of Defense ‐ Air Force ‐ OSR $31,935 Modeling of Nanotube‐Reinforced Polymer Composites

Haut‐Donahue, Tammy ‐ PI The Whitaker Foundation $522,931 Mechanotransduction in the Meniscus

Haut‐Donahue, Tammy ‐ PI US Dept of Health & Human Services $244,545 Structure and Function of Meniscal Horn Attachments

Haut‐Donahue, Tammy ‐ PI Odegard, Gregory ‐ Co‐PI

Mayo Clinic $221,000 Microsensor for Intramuscular Pressure Measurement

Haut‐Donahue, Tammy ‐ PI Mayo Clinic $63,190 Project M ‐ Contact Mechanics in the Human Knee Joint

Haut‐Donahue, Tammy ‐ PI Pennsylvania State University $46,140 Finite Element Analysis of Small Blood Pumps

Haut Donahue, Tammy ‐ PI Pennsylvania State University $41,640 New Methodologies in Blood Pumps

Haut‐Donahue, Tammy ‐ PI Stryker $26,700 Tension and Compression Tests of Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel for Meniscal Replacement

Haut‐Donahue, Tammy ‐ PI Tutogen Medical Inc $17,600 Mechanical Properties of Bone‐Patellar Tendon‐Bone

Haut‐Donahue, Tammy ‐ PI University of Michigan—

Michigan Space Grant Consortium $2,500 Exploring the Meniscal Tissue of the Knee Joint

Haut‐Donahue, Tammy ‐ PI University of Michigan—

Michigan Space Grant Consortium $2,500

The Consequences of Spaceflight on the Mechanical Properties of the Knee Joint Meniscus

Haut‐Donahue, Tammy ‐ PI

Swanson, Tara ‐ Co‐PI

University of Michigan— Michigan Space Grant Consortium

$2,500 Recovery of the Meniscal Tissue Following a Period of Spaceflight or Disuse

Jayaraman, Gopal ‐ PI MI State Governor’s Task Force

Committee $125,000

An Experimental Study to Investigate Fracture Pattern Differences in the Pediatric Skull for Internationally

Jayaraman, Gopal ‐ PI National Collegiate Inventors & Innovators Alliance (NCIIA)

$24,180 Enhanced Bio‐Morphic Helmet

Maiti, Spandan ‐ PI American Chemical Society $141,939 Grain Size Dependence of Fracture Toughness for Geological Materials

54

ME‐EM Research Projects through June 2009 Mechanics of Multi‐Scale Materials Research


Maiti, Spandan ‐ PI Michigan Technological

University $34,318

REF‐RS: Deformation and Failure Behavior of Cellular Solids and Biopolymer Networks

Maiti, Spandan ‐ PI University of Michigan $18,835 Bio‐mimetic Design of Low Density Foams Subjected to Thermal and Mechanical Shock

Ligon, John ‐ PI

Miskioglu, Ibrahim ‐ Co‐PI Daimlerchrysler Corp $123,333

Development of Mechanical Fastener Systems for Joining Glass‐Fiber Reinforced Polyethelne Terephtalate (PET) Composite Components to Steel

Odegard, Gregory ‐ PI National Aeronautics Space

Administration $265,548

Multiscale Modeling of the Effects of Physical, Chemical, and Hydrothermal Aging on Failure of Graphite/Epoxy Composites



Multi‐Scale Modeling of the Effects of Physical, Chemical, and Hydrothermal Aging on Failure to Graphite/Epoxy Composites

Odegard, Gregory ‐ PI US Department of Defense $195,000 Multiscale Modeling of Failure and Damage of Thermosetting Polymer Networks (Polymer Matrix Composites: Dr. Charles Lee)

Odegard, Gregory ‐ PI Titan Tire $95,784 Tire Testing and Computational Design for Improved Performance



Equivalent‐Continuum Modeling of Nanostructured Polymer Composites

Odegard, Gregory ‐ PI Mayo Clinic Rochester $135,350 Finite Element Modeling of Intraneural Ganglion Cysts

Odegard, Gregory ‐ PI State of Michigan $29,815 REF: Multi‐Scale Modeling of Fracture Toughness of Nanostructured Viscoelastic Foam Materials

Odegard, Gregory ‐ PI Arizona State University $28,000 Active Structural Fibers for Multifunctional Composite Materials

Shahbazian, Yassar, Reza ‐ PI

Odegard, Gregory ‐ Co‐PI National Science Foundation $320,090

MRI: Acquisition of an In‐Situ AEM/STM‐TEM System for Interdisciplinary Nano‐Reseach and Education at Michigan Tech

Shahbazian Yassar, Reza ‐ PI University of Michigan $15,600 Mechanics of Hydrogen Storage in Nanostructured Materials for Spacecrafts

Green, Sarah ‐ PI

Bates, Dallas ‐ Co‐PI

Heiden, Patricia ‐ Co‐PI

Liu, Haiying ‐ Co‐PI

Murthy, Pushpalatha ‐ Co‐PI

Shahbazian Yassar, Reza ‐ Co‐PI


$12,000 REF‐IE Adding Chemical Microwave Reactor Capability to the Department of Chemistry

Shahbazian Yassar, Reza ‐ PI Michigan Technological

University $10,000

REF‐MG Mentoring Grant: Michigan Tech/UIUC Mentoring Program on Mechanics of Single Cells

Subhash, Ghatu ‐ PI National Science Foundation $451,318 GOALI: Ultrafine Grained and Nanostructured Ceramics: Influence of Processing Grain Size and Strain Rate on Fracture Characteristics

Subhash, Ghatu ‐ PI Hydro Aluminum/Sintef $299,506 Hydroforming of Aluminum Extrustions

Subhash, Ghatu ‐ PI US Dept of Defense ‐ Army $279,820 High Strain Rate Characterization of Bulk Amorphous Metals

Subhash, Ghatu ‐ PI Oak Ridge National Laboratory $220,259 Plasticity Limits for Structural Ceramics Under Instrumented Single‐Grit Scratch Testing

Subhash, Ghatu ‐ PI Sandia National Laboratories $62,000 Sabbatical at Sandia National Laboratories

55

M3 Publications

Parikh, N., Allen, J.S., Yassar, R.S., “Effect of Deformation on Electrical Properties of Carbon Fibers used in Gas Diffusion Layer of PEM Fuel Cells,” Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 193, No. 2, pp. 766‐768, September 2009.

Liu, Y., Dai, Q., and You, Z., “Development of a Viscoelastic Model for Discrete Element Simulation of Asphalt Mixtures,” Journal of Engineering Mechanics, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 324‐333, April 2009.

You, Z., Adhikari, S., Masad, E., and Dai, Q., “Microstructural and Micromechanical Properties of Field and Lab‐compacted Asphalt Mixtures,” Journal of Association of Asphalt Paving Technologist (AAPT), Vol. 78, (Minneapolis, MN), March 2009.

You, Z., Mills‐Beale, J., Williams, R.C., and Dai, Q., “Measuring the Specific Gravities of Fine Aggregates in Michigan: An Auto‐mated Procedure,” International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 37‐50, March 2009.

Mills‐Beale, J., You, Z., Williams, R.C., and Dai, Q., “Determining the Specific Gravities of Coarse Aggregates in Michigan Util‐izing Vacuum Saturation Approach,” Construction & Building Materials, Elsevier, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 1316‐1322, March 2009.

You, Z., Adhikari, S., and Dai, Q., “Three‐Dimensional Discrete Element Models for Asphalt Mixtures,” Journal of Engineering Mechanics, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Vol. 134, No. 12, pp. 1053‐1063, December 2008.

Dai, Q., and You, Z., “Micromechanical Finite Element Framework for Predicting Viscoelastic Properties of Heterogeneous Asphalt Mixtures,” Materials and Structures, (Springer Netherlands), Vol. 41, No. 6, pp. 1025‐1037, July 2008.

You, Z., Buttlar, W.G. and Dai, Q. “Aggregate Effect on Asphalt Mixture Properties by Modeling Particle‐to‐Particle Interac‐tion,” Geotechnical Special Publication 176: Emerging Methods for the Analysis of Asphalt Pavement Materials and Systems, pp. 14‐21, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 2007.

You, Z., and Dai, Q., “Dynamic Complex Modulus Predictions of HMA Using a Micromechanical‐Based Finite Element Model,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering /Rev. can. génie civ., Vol. 34, No. 12, pp. 1‐10, December 2007.

Jiao, J, Gershenson, J.K., and Michalek, D.J., “Managing Modularity and Commonality in Product and Process Develop‐ment,” Concurrent Engineering, Vol. 15, pp. 81‐83, 2007.

Killian, M., Isaac, D., Dejardin, L., Leetun, D., Haut, R., Haut Donahue, T.L., “Traumatic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear and its Implications on Meniscal Degradation: A Preliminary Novel Lapine Osteoarthritis Model,” Journal of Surgical Research, 2009, (in Press).

Morrow, D.A., Haut Donahue, T.L., Odegard, G.M., Kaufman, K.R., “Transversely Isotropic Tensile Material Properties of Skeletal Muscle Tissue,” Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2009, (in Press).

Hauch, K.N., Oyen, M.L., Odegard, G.M., Haut Donahue, T.L., “Nanoindentation of the Insertional Zones of Human Meniscal Attachments into Underlying Bone,” Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, Vol 2, pp. 339‐347, 2009.

Haut Donahue, T.L., Gillespie, J., Dehlin, W., Weiss, W., Rosenberg, G., “Finite Element Analysis of Blood Sac Stresses Devel‐oped in the Blood Sac of LVAD,” Medical Engineering and Physics, Vol. 31, pp. 454‐460, 2009.

Miller, E.J., Riemer, R.F., Haut Donahue, T.L., Kaufman, K.R., “Experimental Validation of a Tibiofemoral Model for Analyzing Joint Force Distribution,” Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 42, No. 9, June 2009.

Haut Donahue, T., Miller, E.J., Riemer, R.F., and Kaufman, K.R., "Experimental Validation Model for Analyzing Joint Force Distribution," Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 42, No. 9, pp. 1355‐1359, June 2009.

Odegard, G.M., Haut Donahue, T.L., Morrow, D.A., Kaufman, K.R., “Constitutive Modeling of Skeletal Muscle Tissue with an Explicit Strain Energy Function,” Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, Vol. 130, No. 6, 061017, 2008.

Gupta, T., Zielinska, B., McHenry, J., Kadmiel, M., Haut Donahue, T.L., “IL‐1 and iNOS Gene Expression and NO Synthesis in the Superior Region of Meniscal Explants is Dependent on Magnitude of Compressive Strains,” Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, Vol. 16, pp. 1213‐1219, 2008.

Villegas, D., Hansen, T.A., Liu, D.F., Haut Donahue, T.L., “A Quantitative Study of the Microstructure and Biochemistry of the Medical Meniscus Horn Attachments,” Annals of Biomedical Engineering,, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 123‐31, 2008.

Villegas, D., Maes, J.A., Magee, S.D., Haut Donahue, T.L., “Failure Properties and Strain Distribution Analysis of Meniscal Attachments,” Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 40, No. 12, pp. 2655‐2662, 2007.

Haut Donahue, T.L., Hull, M.L., Howell, S.M., “A New Algorithm for Selecting Meniscal Allografts that Best Match the Size and Shape of the Damaged Meniscus”, Journal of Orthopaedic Research, Vol. 24, No. 7, pp. 1535‐1543, 2006.

MeHenry, J.A., Zielinska, B., Haut Donahue, T.L., “Proteoglycan Breakdown of Meniscal Explants Following Dynamic Com‐pression Using a Novel Bioreactor”, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 34, No. 11, pp. 1758‐66, 2006.

Zielinska, B., Haut Donahue, T.L., “3D Finite Element Model of Medial Meniscus Meniscectomy ‐ Changes in the Contact Be‐havior”, Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, Vol.128, No. 1, pp. 115‐23, 2006.

56

M3 Publications

Eifler, R.L., Mroz, J. Blough, J.R., Haut Donahue, T.L., “Glycosaminoglycan Production in Rabbit Meniscal Cells Due to Fluid Flow”, Journal of Orthopaedic Research, Vol. 24, pp. 375‐384, 2006.

Maes, J.A., Haut Donahue, T.L., “Time Dependent Properties of Bovine Meniscal Attachments: Stress Relaxation and Creep”, Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 39 , No. 16, pp. 3055‐3061, 2006.

Gupta, T., Haut Donahue, T.L., “Role of Matrix Material Properties, Cell Location and Morphology on the Mechanical Envi‐ronment Within Meniscal Tissue and Around the Cell”, Acta Biomaterialia, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 483‐492, 2006.

Haut Donahue,T.L., Donahue, H.J., Jacobs, C.R., Yellowley, C.E., “A role for Annexin V in Bone Cell Mechanotransduction”; Bone, Vol. 35, pp. 656‐663, 2005.

Haut Donahue, T., Genetos, D.C., Donahue, H.J., Jacobs, C.R., Yellowley, C.E, "Annexin V Disruption Impairs Mechanically Induced Calcium Signaling in Osteoblastic Cells," Bone, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 656‐663, September 2004.

Haut Donahue, T.L., Weiss, B., Rosenberg, G., Jacobs, C.R., “Finite Element Analysis of Stresses Developed in Blood Sacs of a Pusherplate Blood Pump”, Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Vol. 6(1): 7‐15, 2003.

Haut Donahue, T.L., Haut, T.R., Yellowley, C.E., Donahue, H.J., Jacobs, C.R., “Mechanosensitivity of Bone Cells to Oscillating Fluid Flow (OFF) Induced Shear Stress may be Modulated by Chemotransport”, Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 36, pp. 1363‐1371, 2003.

Jayaraman, G., Struthers, A., “Divergence and Flutter Instability of Elastic Specially Orthotropic Plates Subject to Follower Forces”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 281, 357‐373, 2005.

Schuster P.J., Chore C.C., Prasad P., Jayaraman G., “Development and Validation of the Finite element Model for the Hu‐man Lower Limb of Pedestrians”, Stapp Car Crash Journal , Vol. 44, pp. 315‐334, 2004.

Bowers, K.W., Edmunds, J.L., Girod, D.A., Jayaraman, G., Chua, C.P., Toby, E.B., “Osteocutaneous Radial Forearm Free Flaps”, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol. 82‐A, No.5, 694‐704, 2000.

Maiti, S., Farahmand, B., and Shih, G., “Cohesive Technology Applied to the Modeling and Simulation of Fatigue Fracture,” in Virtual Testing and Predictive Modeling: For Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics Allowables, Farahmand, B., and G. Shih, editors, (Spring US), Chapter 3, pp. 47‐71, 2009.

Nittur, P.G., Maiti, S., and Geubelle, P.H., “Grain‐level Analysis of Dynamic Fragmentation of Ceramics under Multiaxial Com‐pression,” Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 56:993‐1017, 2008.

Zhang, H., Maiti, S., and Subhash, G., “Evolution of Shear Bands in Bulk Metallic Glasses under Dynamic Loading,” Accepted, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, Vol. 56, No. 6, pp. 2171‐2187, June 2008.

Das, N.C., and Maiti, S., “Electromagnetic Interference Shielding of Carbon nanotube/ethylene vinyl Acetate Composites,” Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 1920‐1925, March 2008.

Danuluri, V., Maiti, S., Geubelle, P.H., Patel, R., and Kili, H., “Cohesive Modeling of Dealmination in Z‐pin Reinforced Compos‐ite Laminates,” Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 67, No. 3‐4, pp. 616‐631, 2007.

Maiti, S., Shankar, C., Geubelle, P.H., and Keiffer, J., “Continuum and Molecular‐level Modeling of Fatigue Crack Retardation in Self‐healing Polymers”, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Vol. 128, No. 4, pp. 595‐602, 2006.

Parks, M.L., de Sturler, E., Mackey, G., Johnson, D.D., and Maiti, S. “Recycling Krylov Subspaces for Sequenced of Linear Systems”, SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, Vol. 28, No. 5, 1651‐1674, 2006.

Maiti, S., and Geubelle, P.H., “Cohesive Modeling of Fatigue Crack Retardation in Polymers: Crack Closure Effect”, Engineer‐ing Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 73, pp. 22‐41, 2006.

Maiti, S., Geubelle, P.H. , "A Cohesive Model for Fatigue Failure of Polymers," Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 72, No. 5, pp. 691‐708, March 2005.

Ju, C., Sun, J., Michalek, D.J., and Sutherland, J.W., “Development of an Imaging System and Its Application in the Study of Cutting Fluid Atomization in a Turning Process,” Particle Science and Technology, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 318‐336, July 2008.

Rivera, J.L., Michalek, D.J., Sutherland, J.W., “Air Quality in Manufacturing”, Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing, Myer Kutz, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, (Hoboken, NJ), Vol. 7, pp. 145‐178, 2007.

Galley, S., Michalek, D.J., Donahue, S.W., “A Fatigue Microcrack Alters Fluid Velocity in a Computationals Model in Inter‐stiitial Fluid Flow in Cortical Bone”, Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 39, No. 11, pp. 2026‐2033, 2006.

Adler, D.P., Hii, W.W.‐S., Michalek, D.J., Sutherland, J.W., “Examining the Role of Cutting Fluids in Machining and Efforts to Address Environmental/Health Concerns,” Machining Science and Technology, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 23‐58, 2006.

Keith, J.M., King, J.A., Grant P.W., Cole, A.J., Klett, B.M., Miskioglu, I., “Tensile Properties of Carbon Filled Liquid Crystal Polymer Com‐posites,” Polymer Composites, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 15‐21, April 2009.

Purcek, G., Bacaksiz, E., and Miskioglu, I., “Structure and Nanomechanical Properties of CdTe Thin Films,” Journal of Material Processing Technology, Vol. 198, No. 1‐3, pp. 202‐206, March 2008.

57

M3 Publications

King, J.A., Keith, J.M, Glenn Jr., O.L., Miskioglu, I., Cole, A.J., McLaughlin, S.R., and Pagel, R.M., “Synergistic Effects of Carbon Filled on Tensile and Flexural Properties in Liquid‐Crystal Polymer Based Resins,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 108, No. 3, pp. 1657‐1666, March 2008.

King, J.A., Miskioglu, I., Wright‐Charlesworth, D.D., Van Karsen, C.D., “Nano‐Scratch Testing of Short Carbon Fiber Composites to As‐sess Fiber Adhesion”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 103, No. 1, 328‐335, 2007.

Baker, K.C., Drelich, J., Miskioglu, I., Israel, R., Herkowitz, H.N., “Effect of Polyethyelene Pretreatments on the Biomimetic Deposition and Adhesion of Calcium Phosphate Films”, Acta Biomaterialia, Vol. 3, No. 3, 391‐401, May 2007.

Peers, W.J., Wright‐Charlesworth, D.D., Miskioglu, I., “Pin‐on‐Disc Evaluations of Self‐Reinforced Composite Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) for Total Hip Replacements”, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research: Part B—Applied Biomaterials, Vol. 79B, No. 1, 16‐24, March 2006.

Altan, B.S., Purcek, G., and Miskioglu, I., "An Upper Bound Analysis for Equal‐Channel Angular Extrusion," Journal of Material Processing Technology, Vol. 168, No. 1, pp. 137‐146, September 2005.

Miskioglu, I., Altan, B.S., Patil, A., Purcek, G., "Mechanical Properties of Severely Deformed ZA‐27 Alloy using Equal‐channel Angular Extrusion," Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 21, No. 9, pp. 1044‐1048, September 2005.

Wright‐Charlesworth, D.D., Miller, D.M., Miskioglu, I., King, J.A., "Nanoindentation of Injection Molded PLA and Self‐Reinforced Com‐posite PLA After in Vitro Conditioning," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, Vol. 74A, No. 3, pp. 388‐396, July 2005.

Elangovan, S., Odegard, G.M., Morrow, D.A., Wang, H., Heberg‐Blouin, M.N., and Spinner, R.J., “Intraneural Ganglia: A Clini‐cal Problem Derserving a Mechanistic Explanation and Model,” Neurosurgical Focus, Vol. 26, No. 2, February 2009.

Valavala, P.K., Clancy, T.C., Odegard, G.M., Gates, T.S., and Aifantis, E.C., “Multiscale Modeling of Polymer Materials using a Statistics‐Based Micromechanics Approach,” Acta Materialia, Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 525‐532, January 2009.

Elangovan, S., Altan, B.S., Odegard, G.M., “An Elastic Micropolar Mixture Theory for Predicting Elastic Properties of Cellular Materials”, Mechanics of Materials, Vol. 40, No. 7, pp. 602‐615, July 2008.

Odegard, G.M., and Valavala, P.K., "Thermodynamically‐Consistent Multiscale Constitutive Modeling of Glassy Polymer Ma‐terials," Book Chapter in IUTAM Symposium on Modelling Nanomaterials and Nanosystems, May 2008.

Valavala, P.K., Clancy, T.C., Odegard, G.M., Gates, T.S., “Nonlinear Multi‐scale Modeling of Polymer Materials”, International Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 44, No. 3‐4, pp. 1161‐1179, February 2007.

Odegard, G.M., "Equivalent‐Continuum Modeling of Nanostructured Materials," Book Chapter in Handbook of Theoretical and Computational Nanotechnology, 2006.

Odegard, G.M., Gates, T.S., Su, X., Abdi, F., Herring, H.M., "Facesheet Delamination of Composite Sandwich Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures," Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 66, No. 14, pp. 2423‐2435, November 2006.

Odegard, G.M., and Gates, T.S., "Modeling and Testing of a Graphite Nanoplatelet/Epoxy Composite," Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 239‐246, March 2006.

Momeni, K., and Shahbazian Yassar, R., “Analytical Formulation of Stress Distribution in Cellulose Nanocomposites,” Jour‐nal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, Vol. 6, pp. 1‐6, 2009.

Shahbazian Yassar, R., and Ghassemi, H.M.S., “Advanced Experimental Techniques for Multiscale Modeling of Materials,” in Virtual Testing and Predictive Modeling: Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics Allowables, Farahmand, B., editor, (Springer US), Chapter 13, pp. 371‐398, 2009.

Subhash, G., Maiti, S., Geubelle, P.H., and Ghosh, D., “Recent Advances in dynamic indentation fracture, impact damage and fragmentation of ceramics,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 91, No. 9, pp. 2777‐2791, September 2008.

Zhang, H., Subhash, G., and Maiti, S., “Local Heating and Viscosity Drop during Shear Band Evolution in Bulk Metallic Glasses under Quasistatic Loading,” Journal of Applied Physics, 102, 043519, 2007. Nominated for publication in Virtual Journal of Nanoscale Science & Technology, Vol. 16, No. 11, 2007.

Jing, X., Subhash, G., and Maiti, S., “A New Analytical Model for Estimation of Scratch Induced Damage in Brittle Solids,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 90, No. 3, pp. 885‐892, 2007.

Yao, S., Subhash, G., and Maiti, S., “Nanoindentation Response of Diatom Frustules,” Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotech‐nology, Vol. 7, No. 12, pp. 4465‐4472, December 2007.

Subhash, G., Marszalek, M.A., and Maiti, S., “Sensitivity of Scratch Resistance to Grinding‐Induced Damage Anisotropy in Silicon Nitride”, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 89, No. 8, 2528‐2536, 2006.

Yeliana, Worm, J., Michalek, D., and Naber, J., “Property Determination for Ethanol‐Gasoline Blends with Application to Mass Fraction Burn Analysis in a Spark Ignition Engine,” Journal of KONES, Powertrain & Transportation, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 553‐561, 2008.

58

M3 Publications

Yeliana, Cooney, C., Worm, J., Michalek, D., and Naber, J.D., “Wiebe Function Parameter Determination for Mass Fraction Burn Calculation in an Ethanol‐Gasoline Fuelled SI Engine,” Journal of KONES, Powertrain & Transportation, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 567‐574, 2008.

Yassar, R.S., Horstemeyer, M.F., Wang, P.T., Baird, J.C., Murphy, J., Stolting, K., “Evolution of In‐grain Orientation Gradient in Plastically Strained Precipitation Hardened Polycrystals,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 517, No. 1‐2, pp. 286‐292, August 2009.

Yassar, R.S., Baird, J.C., Horstemeyer, M.F., “Evolution of In‐Grain Orientation Gradient in Plastically Strained Particle Materi‐als,” Material Science Engineering A, December 2008.

Yassar, R.S., Wang, P.T, Horstemeyer, M.F., “Microstructure History Effect During Sequential Thermomechanical Process”, Materials Science and Engineering A , Vol. 494, No. 1‐2, pp. 52‐60, October 2008.

El Kadiria, H., Wang, L., Horstemeyer, M.F., Yassar, R.S., Felicelli, S., Wang, P.T., “Phase Transformations in Low Alloy Steel Laser Deposits”, Materials Science and Engineering A , Vol. 494, No. 1‐2, pp. 10‐20, October 2008.

Shahbazian Yassar, R., Liu, J., Agnew, S.R., Poole, W.J., and Kostorz, G., “Preface: Advances in Microstructure‐based Model‐ing and Characterization of Deformation Microstructures,” Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 494, No. 1‐2, pp. 1‐2, October 2008.

Yassar, R.S., Murphy, J., Burton, B., Horstemeyer, M.F., El Kadiri, H., and Shokuhfar, T., "Microstructure History Effect Dur‐ing Sequential Thermomechanical Processing," Material Science and Engineering A, Vol. 494, No. 1‐2, pp. 52‐60, October 2008.

Yassar, R.S., Mesarovic, S.D., Field, D.P., “Micromechanical Hardening of Elastic‐plastic Crystals Containing Elastic Inclusions. I – Dilute Concentration”, International Journal of Plasticity, Vol. 23, No. 10‐11, pp. 1901‐1917, October 2007.

59

M3 Graduate Students




Galley, Sarah Donahue, Seth W. The Role of Fluid Flow in Targeted Remodeling 2006

Gupta, Tumul Haut‐Donahue, Tammy L. Mechanotransduction of Cellular Loading into Catabolic Activity in Meniscal Tissue

2007

Zielinska, Barbara Haut‐Donahue, Tammy L. Mechanotransduction in Meniscal Tissue 2007

Patil, Akshay Miskioglu, Ibrahim Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Ultrafine Grained Zn‐3%Cu‐9%Al Alloy Obtained by Equal Channel Angular Extrusion

2008

Li, Shengjian Miskioglu, Ibrahim Contact Problems in a Simple Strain Gradient Theory of Elasticity and Application to Nano‐indentation

2004

Valavala, Pavan Odegard, Gregory M. Multiscale Constitutive Modeling of Polymer Materials 2008

60




Godin, Lindsay Donahue, Seth W. A Mechanotransduction Pathway in Bone ‐ The Role of Calcium‐Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase 2 (CaMKII) and Calcineurin in Bone Adaptation

2005

Hauch, Karen Haut‐Donahue, Tammy L. Time Dependent, Failure, and Nanomechanical Properties of Human Meniscal Attachments

2008

McHenry, Jeffrey Haut‐Donahue, Tammy L. Nitric Oxide Production by Menical Explants Following Dynamic Compression

2005

Steele, Mike Haut‐Donahue, Tammy L. Design and Development of a Self‐Assisted, Semi‐Supportive, Dynamic Walker for Gait‐Training and Rehabilitation Purposes

2005

Maes, Jason Haut‐Donahue, Tammy L. The Time Dependent and Failure Properties of Bovine Meniscal Attachments

2004

LNU, Reena Thomas Jayaraman, Gopal A Finite Element Study of the Human Proximal Femur Bone Fracture Patterns Due to Impact

2008

Altan, Amanda Jayaraman, Gopal An Impact Experiment Study on Biomechanical Surrogate Human Femur to Identify Impact Mechanisms for Clinically Observed Hip Fractures Due to Falls

2008

Grattan, David Jayaraman, Gopal The E‐N Curve: A Relationship Between Sub‐Fractural Impact Loading and Material Durability

2007

Herrera, Kevin Jayaraman, Gopal

Predebon, William

Design of an Automated Motorcycle Laced Wheel Truing Machine

2007

Bhushan, Kangana Jayaraman, Gopal A Finite Element Study on the Efficacy of Football Helmet for Direct Versus Oblique Impacts

2006

Oswal, Sumeet Jayaraman, Gopal A Finite Element Study of the Human Skull Fracture Pattern Due to Free Falls

2006

Lemon, Robert Jayaraman, Gopal

Haut‐Donahue, Tammy L.

Testing and Computational Modeling of Steering Wheels for Maxillofacial Impact Loads During Crash Event

2006

Calder, Patrick Jayaraman, Gopal Studies to Determine Ideal Use and Positioning of an Airdam and Simulations to Predict Pedestrian Trajectories During Automotive Collisions

2005

Piaget, Thomas Jayaraman, Gopal Finite Element Method Analysis of a Tie Rod Bumper System for Improved Automotive Crash Energy Management

2005

61




Grattan, Patrick Jayaraman, Gopal Finite Element Study to Interpret the Fracture Pattern on the Patella Resulting form Knee Impact Due to an Automobile Crash

2005

Utkur, Aniket Maiti, Spandan Cohesive Model Based Prediction of Near Threshold Fatigue Crack Behavior

2008

Hittepole, Philip Maiti, Spandan Course Work 2006

Wellnitz, Casey Miskioglu, Ibrahim Assessment of Extruded Polystyrene Foam for Sandwich Composite Applications

2007

Walter, Timothy Miskioglu, Ibrahim Evaluation of Sandwich Panel Parameters with Hydromat Testing Method

2006

Miller, Samuel Odegard, Gregory M. Finite Element Analysis and Optimization of a Plate‐Type Piezoelectric Composite Actuator

2008

Richards, Andrew Odegard, Gregory M. Constitutive Modeling of Electroactive Materials 2007

63

T he Multi‐Scale Sensors and Systems Research Group

specialize in the design, fabrication, integration, and

testing of physically and functionally compatible de‐

vices and components that differ in size by thousands or mil‐

lions of times. With decades of multi‐scale research and ex‐

pertise, the group is poised to dramatically change the face

of technology across the full range of engineering and sci‐

ence applications. The Multi‐Scale Sensors and Systems re‐

search focuses on developing sensors that allow real‐time

monitoring and control to ensure system stability for applica‐

tions that require feedback at each process stage, from the

molecular scale detection of phenomena to wide area meas‐

urement. Currently, a major area of research for the group is

the development of distributed

sensing for sustainable fuel produc‐

tion and utilization. The increase

the efficiency and optimization of

energy conversion from biomass,

the group is developing sensors that

will support the operation of biofuel

production plants and ethanol

engines. Their goal is to detect and

report feedback at every stage of

energy use, from the nanoscale re‐

actions at the moment of combus‐

tion to the reactions as exhaust leaves an automobile. The

Multi‐Scale Sensors and Systems research group encourages

interdisciplinary research and implementation of nanotech‐

nologies and microtechnologies into deployable systems.

Researchers collaborate with cross‐departmental colleagues

on projects that include biosensing technologies, microflu‐

idics for fuel cells, and micro‐scale metal forming. The future

of multi‐scale sensors and systems research lies in the use of

biological materials and processes that are able to function in

non‐biological systems.

Current research highlights Optimizing Chemo‐Mechanical Structures for MEMS Chemi‐cal Vapor Sensor Arrays: Michigan Tech faculty are collabo‐

rating with researchers at the University of West Virginia, Sandia National Labs, and several Michigan MEMS companies to improve sensitivity, selectivity and reliability of MEMS based sensors for detecting nerve gas and other chemical vapors. One goal of the project is to fabricate novel porous structures for increasing sensing surface area. Another key goal is to incorporate chemical and structural behavior into a multi‐regime design optimization. Expected outcomes are new MEMS sensors with superior performance and a new design methodology for dealing with the vast design parame‐ter space of chemo‐mechanical devices. Real Time Electrical Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Deposition onto Electrode Gaps: The goal of the research is to verify that carbon nanotubes deposited across electrode

gaps can be verified in real time by simultane‐ously measuring the changing electrical char‐acteristics of the gap impedance. A simulation method of the assembly processes of carbon nanotubes by dielectrophoresis is introduced which considers the effect of carbon nano‐tubes on the field. A calculation model of di‐electrophoresis force has been developed. The model divides a carbon nanotube into segments to reduce the field non‐uniformity around each physical unit for dielectropho‐retic force calculations and increases the com‐putational accuracy. The numerical results

have been used to analyze CNT assembly processes between electric conductors and help to optimize controlling parame‐ters. Investigation of Two‐Phase Flow at the Capillary Scale: A systematic experimental and analytical investigation of two‐phase flow at the capillary scale is underway. High speed mi‐croscopy is used to examine the effects of surface tension, interface curvature, interface shear, and gas phase inertia on the morphology of two‐phase flow through microchannels. The result will be a more thorough understanding of two‐phase flow in systems where capillary forces are important. The knowledge gained may be applied to the design and de‐velopment of advanced MEMS technologies and to improved water management strategies for more reliable fuel cell op‐eration.

Multi‐Scale Sensors and Systems Research

64

Investigation of Two‐Phase Flow at the Capillary Scale: A systematic experimental and analytical investigation of two‐phase flow at the capillary scale is underway. High speed microscopy is used to examine the effects of sur‐face tension, interface curvature, interface shear, and gas phase inertia on the morphology of two‐phase flow through microchannels. The result will be a more thor‐ough understanding of two‐phase flow in systems where capillary forces are important. The knowledge gained may be applied to the design and development of advanced MEMS technologies and to improved water management strategies for more reliable fuel cell operation. Protein‐Based Toxin Nanosensors: Nanosensors utilizing the unique properties of the optical protein bacteri‐orhodopsin and functionalized semiconductor quantum dots are being developed to detect minute concentrations of airborne toxins. A generic nanoscale sensing platform with the capability to detect a wide array of select parti‐cles will have several applications including smart muni‐tions and enhanced soldier security. The work has resulted in an innovative method to activate bacteriorhodopsin‐based sensors with quantum dots, allowing these sensors to operate on the nanoscale.

MSS Research Laboratory Facilities

Multi‐Scale Systems and Sensors research is closely linked with the Multi‐Scale Technologies Institute and its faculty members have access to laboratories across campus for collaborative research. Applied Chemical and Morphological Analysis Laboratory (ACMAL) is a university facility which is part of the Materi‐als Characterization & Fabrication Facilities. ACMAL houses an extensive array of electron microanalytical and X‐ray instruments. ACMAL is managed by the Department of Materials Science and Engineering.

Microfabrication Facility – The Microfabrication Facility (MFF) is Michigan Technological University’s resource for micro‐ and nano‐ scaled research and development of solid state electronics, micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS), and micro system materials and devices.

Micromechanical Machining Laboratory

Dover high precision micromilling/microdrilling ma‐chine

Precitech diamond turning machine

ADE‐Phase Shift interferometric microscope

Ultrasonic milling machine

Precitech LVDT tool probes

Electroplating bath

Microembossing tool Manufacturing Computations Laboratory

Parasolid and ACIS solid modeling libraries

CADshell/wxWindows CAD software framework libraries

iSight integration/optimization program

GPSS geometric problem solving libraries with inte‐grated solvers: D‐Cubed, Newton‐ Raphson itera‐tion, bi‐partite graph network flow algorithm, and advanced sub‐graphisomorphism algorithm (most develop in‐house)

MPI distributed computing code In‐House Genetic Algorithm Library

n‐House Topology Optimization Library

Unigraphics NX, I‐DEAS, ABAQUS, and Matlab inte‐gration code

Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab Computational Solid State Theory and Materials Science Facility

PhD student conducts research in nanotechnology as part of the Multi‐Scale Technology & Systems Institute.

65

Research Highlights


* Research funding and publication information for all faculty in the Multi‐Scale Technologies and

Systems Group starts on page 72.


Center



MSS Faculty






66

MSS Faculty

Research Highlights

Dr. Choi has extensive experience in the development and use of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Optical Serial Sectioning Microscopy, Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy.

His recent research was focused on visualization of cellular proliferation/movement/division as well as cytotoxic and apaptotic morphology changes under the conditions of toxic agents and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs.

He has also developed an opto‐electric Indium Tin Oxide biosensor to examine the intercellular and extracellular interaction of endothelial cells and colorectal cancer cells. This biosensor allows for the acquisition of optical images while simultaneously measuring electrical impedance.

Dr. Choi is currently working on the development of chemical patterning to understand molecular transports by using Carbon Nano‐Fiber membrane.

Areas of interest include: Micro‐/Nano– optical imaging, Microfluidics, Cytometric analysis using and developing opto‐electric biosensors,

Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity

Chang Kyoung Choi Assistant Professor PhD, University of Tennessee Multi‐Scale Sensors and Systems

Studies using Biochemical Sensors

Research Highlights

Micromechanical machining processes are direct material removal processes with microcutting tools or energy processes. They include milling, drilling, diamond machining, laser machining, focused ion beam machining, etc., to produce component features in the micrometer regime. These are very rapid removal processes and are therefore suitable for low‐ cost design concept development and prototyping at the micro‐Scale. Bio‐inspired nanotechnologies offer solutions to many challenges in sensing. Of particular interest is protein‐based sensing and energy transduction for signal output.

Areas of interest include: Micromechanical systems, Nanotechnology

Craig R. Friedrich Professor PhD Oklahoma State University

Associate Chair and Director of Graduate Studies

Director, Multi‐Scale Sensors and Systems Group

Director, Multi‐Scale Technologies Institute (MuSTI)

67

Research Highlights

FE model of human knee joint

Microstructural model of meniscus

Material properties of menisci, tendons and ligaments

How musculoskeletal cells respond to mechanical stimuli

Areas of interest include: Biomedical engineering, Orthopaedic biomechanics, Finite elements, Computational and experimental mechanics

Tammy L. Haut‐Donahue Associate Professor PhD, University of California –Davis Director, Solid Mechanics Area

Director, Mechanics of Multi‐Scale Materials Research Group

MSS Faculty

Research Highlights

Development of new design tools to enable engineers to more efficiently and effectively create designs that meet functional requirements while addressing the manufacturing and assembly requirements. Use of rapid prototyping techniques to evaluate designs with the goal of providing rapid structural modeling capabilities. Application of the finite element method and other numerical techniques to the solution of problems in biomechanics and sports mechanics with emphasis on design of prosthetic implants and equipment to help prevent injuries from contact sports.

Investigation of fatigue failures in high strength threaded fasteners subjected to varying levels of preload and fluctuating external loads. The objective of this work is to help establish a well defined design methodology for bolted joint design. Additional work is being conducted in the design of special test equipment for fatigue and wear studies related to both tracked and wheeled ground vehicles.

Thomas R. Grimm Associate Professor PhD Michigan Technological University

Member, Multi‐Scale Sensors and Systems Research Group

Areas of interest include: Mechanical engineering design, Computer‐aided design Biomechanics

68

Research Highlights

Dr. Jayaraman’s on‐going research projects are in the areas of biomechanics and solid mechanics. In the area of biomechanics the focus is on injury mechanisms in human joints and organs due to impact and fatigue and prevention of injuries by prophylactic gears and braces.

In the area of solid mechanics the focus is on structural failure and material failure due to buckling, impact and fatigue.

MSS Faculty

Gopal Jayaraman Professor PhD, University of Iowa


Areas of interest include: Biomechanics, Orthopaedic mechanics, Sports safety

Research Highlights

Predictive modeling and large scale simulation of deformation and failure of advanced materials

Multi‐Scale modeling to investigate the effect of microstructure on the macroscopic behavior of materials

Design and analysis of biologically inspired materials

Characterization of failure of ceramics, metallic glasses and polymers over multiple time scales

Areas of interest include: Computational Solid Mechanics, Multi‐scale modeling, Biomechanics, Dynamic failure and fracture, Fatigue response of advanced

materials

Spandan Maiti Assistant Professor PhD, University of Illinois — Urbana‐Champaign




69

Research Highlights







MSS Faculty

Research Highlights



Michele H. Miller Associate Professor PhD, North Carolina State University Director, Engineering Education Innovation Research Group

70

MSS Faculty





Research Highlights






Research Highlights

Dr. Narain’s current research interest is both computational and experimental in nature and emphasizes the area of internal condensing flows. Fluid mechanics and heat transfer issues along with free‐surface phenomena are being investigated in the context of a condenser’s performance in a thermal system. NSF and NASA fund these investigations. His secondary interests are in related areas of transport processes such as: cavitation signatures in an automobile’s torque‐converter, computational simulations of turbulent flows through heat exchangers, displacement pumps, etc.

The condensing flow research has demonstrated the significance of exit conditions on condenser operations. The experiments also demonstrate how exit‐condition effects can lead to system‐instabilities. Such system‐instabilities may arise in ground and space thermal management systems, looped heat pipes, Rankine power cycles, etc. Research and recent publications also emphasizes integration of experimental results with state of the art nearly exact computational code development and simulations for two dimensional internal condensing flows ‐ both in steady and unsteady (i.e. wavy‐interface) regimes. The simulations identify various instability mechanisms and flow regimes. For condensation inside vertical tubes and inclined channels, the ongoing experiments employ modern electronic flow control techniques, fiber‐optic flow visualization techniques, a fluorescence and fiber‐optic based sensor (developed at MTU) for measuring real time values of condensate thickness, etc.

Areas of interest include: Condensing/phase‐change flows, Computational and experimental fluid mechanics/heat transfer

Amitabh Narain Professor PhD, University of Minnesota



71

MSS Faculty



Space Systems


Research Highlights






Song‐Lin (Jason) Yang Professor PhD, University of Florida Advanced Power Systems Re‐

search Center


Areas of interest include: Applied computational fluid dy‐namics

Heat transfer, Engine flow simulation, DPF / DOC Modeling and Simula‐tion,

Computational aerodynamics

Research Highlights

Dr. Yang’s research interest is in the area of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), both in developing it as a tool and in using it to study problems in fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and combustion. He is using the KIVA code along with the Reynolds‐stress turbulence model for engine flow simulation with spray and combustion. In addition, Dr. Yang is also working on the modeling and numerical simulation of diesel particulate trap (DPF) performance during loading and regeneration and the diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) converter code development.

72


Multi‐Scale Sensors and Systems Group


Allen, Jeffrey ‐ PI State of Michigan $28,176 REF: Technique for Non‐Intrusive Pressure Measurements in Microfluidic‐Based MEMS Devices ‐‐ A Feasibility Study

Friedrich, Craig ‐ PI US Dept of Defense $5,748,139 Research and Infrastructure Development Center for Nanomaterials Research

Warrington, Robert ‐ PI

Friedrich, Craig ‐ Co‐PI University of Michigan $5,433,107

An Engineering Research Center in Wireless Integrated Microsystems

Friedrich, Craig ‐ PI

Bergstrom, Paul ‐ Co‐PI Mott Community College $338,928

IOFIS Phase 1 ‐ Instrumented Intramedullary Nail and Smart Orthopedic Membrane

Greip, Mark ‐ PI Friedrich, Craig ‐ Co‐PI


$121,500 Utilizing Quantum Dots as an Onboard Light Source for Bacteriorhodopsin Based Nanosensors

Miller, Michele ‐ PI

Bettig, Bernhard ‐ Co‐PI

Parker, Gordon ‐ Co‐PI

Sodano, Henry ‐ Co‐PI

Michigan Economic Development Corp

$1,362,337 Optimizing Chemo‐Mechanical Structure for MEMS Chemical Vapor Sensor Arrays

Sodano, Henry ‐ PI National Science

Foundation $281,160

Biologically Inspired Autonomic Structural Materials with Controlled Toughening and Healing

Sodano, Henry ‐ PI NanoSonic Inc $42,002 Harvesting Electric Power Through an Instrumented PVDF Backpack Harness

Sodano, Henry ‐ PI State of Michigan $41,064 REF: Multifunctional Piezoelectric Carbon Fibert

73

MSS Publications

Allen, J.S., Son, S.Y., and Collicott, S.J., "Chapter 46. PEMFC Flow‐Field Design for Improved Water Management", chapter in Handbook of Fuel Cells, Volume 5, Prof. Wolf Vielstich, Dr. Hubert A. Gasteiger and Dr. Harumi Yokokawa, eds., John Wiley & Sons, 2009.

Allen, J.S., Son, S.Y., and Collicott, S.H., “Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) flow‐field design for improved wa‐ter management,” in Handbook of Fuel Cells: Advances in Electrocatalysis, Materials, Diagnostics and Durability, Vol. 5 & 6, Vielstich, W., Gasteiger H.A., and Yokokawa, H. (eds.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, UK, pp. 768‐698, 2009.

Parikh, N., Allen, J.S., Yassar, R.S., “Effect of Deformation of Electrical Properties of Carbon Fibers used in Gas Diffusion Layer of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells,” Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 139, No. 2, pp. 766‐768, September 2009.




Herescu, A., and Allen, J.S., "A Theoretical Investigation of an Electric‐Field‐Driven Menisci Micro‐Pump", Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol. 129, pp. 404‐411, 2007.

Som, S.M., Kimball, J.T., Hermanson, J.C., and Allen, J.S., “Stability and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Unsteady Condens‐ing and Evaporating Films”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 50, pp. 1927‐1937, 2007.


Allen, J.S., “Two‐Phase Flow in Small Channels and the Implications for PEM Fuel Cell Operation” ECS Transactions, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 1197‐1206, 2006.

Wee, S‐K, Kihm, K.D., Pratt, D.M. and Allen, J.S., “Micro‐Scale Heat and Mass Transport of Evaporating Thin Film of Binary Mixture”, Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 320‐326, 2006.

Sukhthankar, M., Choi, C.K., English, A., Kim, J., Baek, S., “A Potential Proliferative Gene, NUDT6, is Down‐regulated by Green Tea Catechins at the Post‐transcription Level,” Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, (in Press).

Green, B., Stewarad, R., Kim, I., Choi, C.K., Liaw, P., Kihm, K., Yokoyama, Y., “In Situ Observation of Pitting Corrosion of the Zr50Cu40Al10 Bulk Metallic Glass,” Intermetallics, Vol. 17, No. 7, pp. 568‐571, July 2009.

Park, G., Choi, C.K., English, A., Sparer, T., “Electrical Impedance measurements Predict Cellular Transformation,” Cell Biol‐ogy International, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 429‐433, March 2009.

Choi, C.K., Baek, S.J., Bahn, J.H., English, A.E., Lee, S.‐H., Safe, S., Whitlock, N.C., "ESE‐1/EGR‐1 Pathway Plays a Role in Tolf‐enamic Acid‐induced Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells," Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, Vol. 7, pp. 3739‐3750, December 2008.

Choi, C.K., Margraves, C., English, A.E., Kihm, K.D., "Multicontrast Microscopy Technique to Dynamically Fingerprint Live‐cell Focal Contacts during Exposure and Replacement of a Cytotoxic Medium," Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 13, Issue 5, 054069, October 2008.

Choi, C.K., English, A., Kihm, K., and Margraves, C., “Dynamic Optical and Electrical Properties of Endothelial Cell Attach‐ment on Indium Tin Oxide Bio‐electrodes,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 12, Issue 6, 064028, 2007.

Choi, C.K., Margraves, C.H., and Kihm, K.D., “Examination of Near‐wall hindered Brownian Diffusion of Nanoparticles: Ex‐perimental Validation of Theories by Brenner (1961) and Goldman et al. (1967),” Physics of Fluids, Vol. 9, Issue 10, 103305, 2007.

Choi, C.K., Kihm K., and English, A., “Opto‐electric Indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) Biosensor for Simultaneous Cellular Imaging and Micro‐impedance Analyses,” Optics Letters, Vol. 32, Issue 11, pp 1405‐1407, 2007. [Selected for the June 15, 2007 issue of Virtual Journal of Biological Physics Research.]

Choi, C.K., English, A., Jun, S., Kihm, K., and Rack, P., “An Endothelial Cell Compatible Biosensor Fabricated Using Optically Thin Indium Tin Oxide Silicon Nitride Electrodes,” Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Vol. 22, pp 2582‐2590, 2007.

Choi, C.K., Kihm, K.D., English, A.E., "Optoelectric Biosensor using Indium‐tin‐oxide Electrodes," Optics Letters, Vol. 32, No. 11, pp. 1405‐1407, April 2007.

Margraves, C.H., Choi, C.K., and Kihm, K.D., “Examination of the Effect of Salinity on the Minimum Elevation of Nano‐particles using Ratiometric Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy (R‐TIRFM),” Experiments in Fluids, Vol. 41, pp 173‐183, 2006.

Choi, C.K., Margraves, C., Kihm, K.D., "Measurements of the Minimum Elevation of Nano‐particles by 3D Nanoscale Tracking using Ratiometric Evanescent Wave Imaging ," Experiments in Fluids, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 173‐183, August 2006.

74

MSS Publications

Park, J.S., Choi, C.K., and Kihm K.D., “Temperature Measurement for Nanoparticle Suspension by detecting the Brownian Motion Using Optical Serial Sectioning Microscopy (OSSM),” Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 16, pp 1418‐1429, 2005. [Selected as one of the 2005 highlighted articles in MST– one of the very best contributions of the last year, and the most highly‐downloaded article throughout 2005.]

An, L., and Friedrich, C., “Process Parameters and Their Relations for the Dielectrophoretic Assembly of Carbon Nanotubes,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 105, No. 7, 074314, 2009.

An, L., Cheam, D., and Friedrich, C., “Controlled Dielectrophoretic Assembly of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes,” Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 113, pp. 37‐39, 2009.

Wallner, J, Nagar, N, Friedrich, C., Bergstrom, P, “Macro Porous Silicon as Pump Media for Electro‐Osmotic Pumps”, Physica Status Solidi A Applications and Materials Science, Vol. 204, No. 5, pp. 1327‐1331, March 2009.

An, L., Friedrich, C., “Real‐Time Gap Impedance Monitoring of Dielectrophoretic Assembly of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 92, No. 17, 173103, April 2008.

Wise, K., Bhatti, P., Wang, J., Friedrich, C., “High‐Density Cochlear Implants With Position Sensing and Control”, Hearing Research, Vol. 242, No. 1‐2, pp. 22‐30, August 2008.

Arcand, B., Shyamsunder, S., Friedrich, C., “A Fluid Actuator for Thin Film Electrodes”, ASME Journal of Medical Devices, Vol. 1, 70‐78, March 2007.

Friedrich, C., Avula, R, Gugale, S, “A Fluid Microconnector Seal for Packaging Applications,” Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, Vol. 15, 1115‐1124, 2005.

Friedrich, C., Kulkarni, V.P., "Effect of Workpiece Springback on Micromilling Forces," Microsystems Technology Journal, Vol. 10, No. 6‐7, pp. 472‐477, October 2004.

Friedrich, C., Li, J., and Keynton, R.S., "Design and Fabrication of a Miniaturized, Integrated, High Frequency Acoustical Lens‐Transducer System," Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 219‐228, March 2002.

Grimm, T R., Beard, J. E., and Minor, M. A., "Finite Element Analysis of a Powered Gait Orthosis," Proceedings of the ASME Advances in Bioengineering, ASME Publication, Book No. H010041995.

Das, N.C., and Maiti, S., “Electromagnetic Interference Shielding of Carbon nanotube/ethylene vinyl Acetate Composites,” Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 1920‐1925, March 2008.

Keith, J.M., King, J.A., Grant P.W., Cole, A.J., Klett, B.M., Miskioglu, I., “Tensile Properties of Carbon Filled Liquid Crystal Polymer Composites,” Polymer Composites, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 15‐21, April 2009.

Purcek, G., Bacaksiz, E., and Miskioglu, I., “Structure and Nanomechanical Properties of CdTe Thin Films,” Journal of Material Processing Technology, Vol. 198, No. 1‐3, pp. 202‐206, March 2008.

King, J.A., Keith, J.M, Glenn Jr., O.L., Miskioglu, I., Cole, A.J., McLaughlin, S.R., and Pagel, R.M., “Synergistic Effects of Carbon Filled on Tensile and Flexural Properties in Liquid‐Crystal Polymer Based Resins,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 108, No. 3, pp. 1657‐1666, March 2008.

King, J.A., Miskioglu, I., Wright‐Charlesworth, D.D., Van Karsen, C.D., “Nano‐Scratch Testing of Short Carbon Fiber Composites to Assess Fiber Adhesion”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 103, No. 1, 328‐335, 2007.

Baker, K.C., Drelich, J., Miskioglu, I., Israel, R., Herkowitz, H.N., “Effect of Polyethyelene Pretreatments on the Biomimetic Deposition and Adhesion of Calcium Phosphate Films”, Acta Biomaterialia, Vol. 3, No. 3, 391‐401, May 2007.

Peers, W.J., Wright‐Charlesworth, D.D., Miskioglu, I., “Pin‐on‐Disc Evaluations of Self‐Reinforced Composite Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) for Total Hip Replacements”, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research: Part B—Applied Biomaterials, Vol. 79B, No. 1, 16‐24, March 2006.

Altan, B.S., Purcek, G., and Miskioglu, I., "An Upper Bound Analysis for Equal‐Channel Angular Extrusion," Journal of Material Processing Technology, Vol. 168, No. 1, pp. 137‐146, September 2005.

Miskioglu, I., Altan, B.S., Patil, A., Purcek, G., "Mechanical Properties of Severely Deformed ZA‐27 Alloy using Equal‐channel Angular Extrusion," Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 21, No. 9, pp. 1044‐1048, September 2005.

Wright‐Charlesworth, D.D., Miller, D.M., Miskioglu, I., King, J.A., "Nanoindentation of Injection Molded PLA and Self‐Reinforced Composite PLA After in Vitro Conditioning," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, Vol. 74A, No. 3, pp. 388‐396, July 2005.


Zhang, H., Subhash, G., and Maiti, S., “Local Heating and Viscosity Drop during Shear Band Evolution in Bulk Metallic Glasses under Quasistatic Loading,” Journal of Applied Physics, 102, 043519, 2007. Nominated for publication in Virtual Journal of Nanoscale Science & Technology, Vol. 16, No. 11, 2007.

Yao, S., Subhash, G., and Maiti, S., “Nanoindentation Response of Diatom Frustules,” Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 7, No. 12, pp. 4465‐4472, December 2007.

75

MSS Graduate Students




Walczak, Karl Friedrich, Craig R. Immobilizing Bacteriorhodopsin on a Single Electron Transistor 2009

Griep, Mark Friedrich, Craig R. Quantum Dot / Optical Protein Bio‐Nano Hybrid System Biosensing

2008

Anton, Christopher Friedrich, Craig R. Photolithography Based Patterning of Bacteriorhodopsin Films 2008

An, Libao Friedrich, Craig R. Real‐time Electrical Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Deposition onto Electrode Gaps by Dielectrophoresis

2007

Arcand, Benjamin Friedrich, Craig R. An Active Surgical Positioning Device for a Cochlear Implant Electrode Array

2005

76




Patel, Mehulkumar Friedrich, Craig R. Fixture Design and Evaluation for a Cochlear Implant Insertion Tool

2007

Tewari, Radheshyam Friedrich, Craig R. Force Characterization and Rigidity Analysis of a Monolithic Cochlear Prosthesis Actuator

2007

Kulkarni, Abhay Friedrich, Craig R. A Multi‐Chambered Monolithic Actuated Cochlear Prosthesis Insertion Tool

2006

Nagar, Nishit Friedrich, Craig R. Development of Electrokinetic Micro‐Pump for an Actuated Cochlear Prosthesis Insertion Tool

2006

Baker, Erin Friedrich, Craig R. Micro‐Electrode Fabrication and Ion Implantation by Focused Ion Beam Machining

2005

Thomas, Sudip Friedrich, Craig R. Focused Ion Beam System Characterization for Rates of Material Removal in Silicon

2005

Gugale, Shaileshkumar

Friedrich, Craig R. A Monolithic Actuated Cochlear Prosthesis Insertion Tool 2005

Shyamsunder, Sudeep

Friedrich, Craig R. An Electrokinetic Pumping System for a Cochlear Implant Insertion Tool

2004

Puranik, Anand Parker, Gordon G. Course Work 2008

Gan, Jing Voon Parker, Gordon G.

Blough, Jason R.

Actuator Characterization and Design Improvement 2004

77

T he Space Systems Research group is creating innova‐

tive electric propulsion systems to make space travel

more feasible, efficient and economical. These sys‐

tems have a higher potential exhaust velocity than their

chemical counterparts and require less fuel to reach orbit.

The Space Systems Research group is home to the Ion Space

Propulsion Laboratory, where the group designed and built

the first bismuth‐fueled Hall‐Effect thruster demonstrated

outside of the Soviet Union. Work continues toward a full

bismuth system. The Space Systems group also addresses

the immediate challenge of integrating plasma propulsion

systems into existing satellite technology. The group is devel‐

oping methods and devices to improve real‐time perform‐

ance; they are building micro‐thrusters using electron emitter

arrays with self‐regenerating nanotips, solving the problem

of nanotip degradation and allowing an extended system

lifetime. Researchers are also creating methods to identify

and mitigate common issues associated with electric propul‐

sion, with projects that investigate refractory powder metal‐

lurgy, thruster thermal modeling, magnetic field topology,

electron trapping, and sputter erosion. The Space Systems

research group intends to expand their research expertise

and build a foundation of experimentalists in altitude control

technology, robotics, chemical propulsion, power systems,

lightweight structures, and astrodynamics. The Space Sys‐

tems group is poised to shape the future of space explora‐

tion.

Current research highlights: Optimal Orbit Design for Ground Surveillance Missions Us‐ing Genetic Algorithms The problem of visiting a given set of locations on the surface of Earth within a given time frame is considered. Solutions to this problem in literature require thrusters to continuously maneuver the satellite from one location to another. A natural solution is a set of orbit(s) that enables the spacecraft to satisfy the mission requirements without the use of propulsion. Optimization of a penalty func‐tion is performed to find natural solutions. This penalty func‐tion depends on the mission objectives, which in this study are assumed to be: maximum observation time for each loca‐

tion and maximum resolution. The penalty function poses multi minima and a Genetic Algorithm technique is used to solve this problem. In the case that there is no single orbit satisfying the mission requirements, then a multi‐orbit solu‐tion is proposed. In a multi‐orbit solution, the set of target sites is split into two groups. Then the developed algorithm is used to search for a natural solution for each group. The sat‐ellite has to be maneuvered between the two solution orbits. A new formulation is developed to solve the general orbit transfer problem using Genetic Algorithms. The developed formulation guarantees that the satellite will be transferred exactly to the final orbit even if the solution is non‐optimal. Results demonstrated the feasibility of finding natural solu‐tions for many case studies. Spacecraft Interaction Studies for a 20‐kW Bismuth‐fueled Hall Thruster: As part of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers L. Brad King received a five‐year, $500,000 grant to continue his research on high‐powered ion propulsion engines which someday could be used for manned space missions to Mars. Ion propulsion engines cur‐rently rely on xenon gas for fuel. However, xenon’s price tag—about $3,200 a pound—gives new meaning to the cliché “skyrocketing energy costs.” In his state‐of the‐art lab at Michigan Tech, King is experimenting with an alternative fuel that could slash the cost of ion propulsion. Bismuth, a brittle white metal, goes for about $3.60 a pound and is much easier to handle and store. He has developed the critical system that enables bismuth to be used as a propellant—something that could greatly reduce the cost of space travel. Self‐regenerating Nanotips as Indestructible Field Emission Cathodes for Low‐power Electric Propulsion: Field‐emission cathodes have recently received much interest for use as zero‐flow “cold” electron emitters for sub‐100‐W EP Thrust‐ers. Field emission cathodes rely on Fowler‐Nordheim emis‐sion from very sharp (10‐nm‐radius) electrode tips. The life‐time of microfabricated field emitters is, so far, incompatible with EP applications. Because of the fragility of the nanome‐ter‐sized tips, the structures are susceptible to damage that blunts the tip and destroys the device functionality. Recent efforts have attempted to extend lifetime by reducing tip wear. The goal of research is to develop field‐emission cath‐


Space Systems Research

78

odes for use in EP that solve the tip degradation problem not through attempts to minimize tip wear, but instead by incor‐porating self‐assembling nanostructures that can repeatedly re‐generate damaged emitter tips. The proposed structures are created by forming an ion‐emitting Taylor cone from a low‐melting‐temperature liquid metal in a method identical to a FEEP thruster. Studies have shown that if the ion emission current is extinguished by cooling and quenching the liquid metal, a nanometer‐scale protrusion forms at the apex of the cone. By reversing the polarity of the extraction electrode, the now‐solidified Taylor cone/protrusion structure exhibits stable Fowler‐Nordheim emission of the electrons. The tech‐nique provides a mechanism to heal damaged or destroyed emitters: by re‐melting the cone and repeating the ion‐emission/quenching cycle, the functionality of the cathode is restored. Work proposed here will examine the fundamental operating characteristics of quenched liquid‐metal‐ion sources operated as cathodes in environments representa‐tive of EP thrusters. Architectures to be examined include cones formed on single needle emitters, on the ends of micro‐machined capillaries fabricated from bulk metal, and on metal‐coated macroporous silicon. Nanosatellite for Space Situational Awareness: Michigan Tech’s Enterprise curriculum for undergraduate design will develop a nanosatellite in a balanced research and educa‐tional program. Undergraduates organized into a 50‐member virtual business, the proposed effort will develop and fabri‐cate a flight‐quality vehicle for space situational awareness. Working closely with industry partner Raytheon, the team will integrate a psce sensor suite, delivered by Raytheon at no cost, capable of tracking, ranging, and imaging space tar‐gets from a three‐axis stabilized nanosatellite platform. Sen‐sor capabilities will be evaluated by tracking 1) a nanosta‐deployed imaging target, 2) the primary launch vehicle pay‐load, 3) in‐space targets of opportunity such as satellites, the Space Shuttle and the ISS, and 4) ground‐launched targets of

opportunity to evaluate plume tracking ability.


PhD students in the Ion Space Propulsion Laboratory.

79

Ion Space Propulsion The ISP Lab has the capability for ground‐testing of gaseous propellant Electric Propulsion (EP) systems (Xenon/Krypton Facility) with available diagnostics to measure several thruster parameters such as thrust, specific impulse, electri‐cal efficiency and discharge oscillation. A second chamber was completed in the summer of 2004 for dedicated studies of advanced propellants (Condensable Pro‐pellant Facility). The new ground‐test facility is specifically designed to evaluate EP thrusters operating on condensable propellants such as iodine, cadmium, bismuth, indium and tin. A third facility was completed in the winter of 2008 for stud‐ies of liquid metal ion sources and field emission electron sources. The Ultra‐high Vacuum facility is capable of achieving a base pressure of 1E‐11 Torr. The entire facility is a unique laboratory capable of evaluating either gaseous or condensable propellant EP systems with power levels up to 20 kW. Xenon/Krypton Facility The centerpiece of the Xenon/Krypton laboratory is a 2‐meter‐diameter by 4‐meter‐long space simulation chamber for ground‐testing flight‐scale ion propulsion systems. The chamber is evacuated to ultimate pressure using two 48‐inch diameter liquid nitrogen‐assisted liquid helium cryogenic vacuum pumps. With the cryopumps the chamber can achieve a vacuum bet‐ter than 1E‐6 Torr (equivalent to 0.000000001 atmosphere or comparable to the space shuttle environment) and remove propellant gas emitted by the thruster at a speed of 60,000 L/s. The facility also utilizes a mechanical vacuum pump to back the cryopump. The facility is equipped with a NASA‐Glenn‐style inverted pen‐dulum thrust measurement stand (shown to the left), a dedi‐cated gaseous mass flow control system for propellant sup‐ply, cooling water, power supplies and a comprehensive com‐puter controlled data acquisition system. With the available diagnostics, thruster parameters such as thrust, specific im‐pulse, electrical efficiency, and discharge oscillation can be readily measured. Condensable Propellant A second space simulation vacuum chamber facility is dedi‐cated to the study of advanced propellants. Construction for the condensable propellant facility began in the summer of 2003 and was completed in 2004. The condensable propel‐lant facility adds the capability of handling a variety of propel‐lants including iodine, cadmium, bismuth, indium and tin. The new chamber utilizes three magnetically levitated turbo‐molecular pumps with pumping speeds of 2,000 L/s each for

a robust, oil‐free space environment simulation. The chamber will include a custom designed thruster beam stop to capture and pump the exhausted propellant to allow for large propel‐lant flow rates while still maintaining a space‐like environ‐ment. In order to study the potential for contamination and metalli‐zation of surrounding components, a remotely controlled diagnostic manipulation system was constructed in the ex‐haust plume of the thrusters. The system is capable of 1‐m by 1.5‐m linear translation on two axes as well as rotation for motion control of assets during testing. Remotely controlled motion tables are shown to the left. They are installed in both the Xenon Test Facility and Con‐densable Propellant Facility and are capable of rotation and translation on two axes for various plume diagnostics. The facility is capable of operating thrusters with power lev‐els up to 20 kW and thruster performance measurements will be made possible through instrumentation shared between the Condensable Propellants Facility and the Xenon/Krypton Facility. Nanosat Assembly Lab The Michigan Tech Aerospace Enterprise maintains a labora‐tory for fabrication and testing of 30‐kg‐class nanosatellites. Capabilities include complete CAD/CAM/CAE machining, PCB fabrication, and clean assembly. Past projects include the design and construction of HuskySat, a spacecraft designed to perform passive L‐band radiometry for a NASA‐GSFC mis‐sion to document soil moisture. Currently the lab is the home for project Oculus, which will achieve high‐resolution imaging and characterization of resident space objects Ultra‐High Vacuum A UHV vacuum facility was added to the Isp lab to research liquid metal ion sources and field emission electron sources. The facility was designed in the fall of 2007 and completed in the winter of 2008. The chamber is roughly 0.5‐meter‐diameter by 0.5‐meter‐long and is capable of pressures as low as 1E‐11 Torr. The chamber is evacuated using a single 300 l/s magnetically levitated turbomolecular pump that is backed by a 110 l/min dry scroll pump. The tank is also equipped with a 300 l/s ion‐sublimation combination pump to reach ultra‐high vac‐uum. With the addition of the titanium sublimation pump (TSP) to the ion pump, higher pumping speeds are possible due to the TSP pump’s ability to handle getterable gases. An additional component to the UHV facility is a trinocular stereo microscope. The microscope has an optical magnifica‐tion up to 90x and is equipped with a color digital cam‐era. The camera provides the ability to perform in situ imag‐ing, as well as the ability to record video directly through USB2.0.

Space Systems Research Laboratory Facilities

80


Optimal N‐Impulse Orbit Transfers Using Genetic Algorithms

Optimal Orbit Design for Remote Sensing Missions Using Genetic Algorithms

Spacecraft Formation Flying Navigation and Control

Spacecraft Orbit Maintenance

Satellite Constellation Design for Earth Observation Missions

Two‐Way Orbits, It is possible to build Two‐way constellations that have simultaneously, two spacecraft passing over the same point with tangent ground tracks

SSR Faculty

Ossama Abdelkhalik Assistant Professor PhD, Texas A & M University Space Systems Research

Areas of interest include: Space mechanics, Space craft dynamics

Research Highlights


* Research funding and publication information for all faculty in the Space Systems ResearchGroup

starts on page 83.




81

Research Highlights

Dr. King is an experimentalist interested in studying electric space propulsion systems, including Hall‐effect thrusters, ion engines, and arcjets. By utilizing strong electromagnetic forces to accelerate an ionized plasma propellant, electric thrusters take advantage of on‐orbit solar power generation to enjoy significant fuel savings over traditional chemical rockets. King's research experience in the broader field of plasma physics includes such diverse subjects as the design of the in‐situ electrostatic probes, ion‐energy analysis and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, Doppler laser cooling of trapped ions, optical flow diagnostics, and antimatter confinement.

SSR Faculty

Lyon (Brad) King Associate Professor PhD, University of Michigan

Director, Space Systems Research

Areas of interest include: Space propulsion, Plasma physics, Optical fluid diagnostics



Space Systems


Research Highlights






82




Center



Research Highlights



SSR Faculty

83


Space Systems Group


Abdelkhalik, Ossama ‐ PI Advanced Technical Solutions

Gmbh $27,539 Proposal Preparation For A Space Mission Design

Abdelkhalik, Ossama ‐ PI


Commercialization Initiative (MUCI)

$20,622 Autonomous Non‐GPS Auto Navigation System: Initial Analysis for a Proposed Non‐GPS Navigation System for Ground Vehicles

King, Lyon ‐ PI National Science Foundation $610,443 CAREER: Electron Fluid Dynamics in a Hall‐effect Accelerator: Using Fundamental Research to Enhance Education and Technology

King, Lyon ‐ PI Air Force Office of Scientific

Research $603,000 PECASE: High‐Power Hall Thrusters Using Condensable Metal Propellants

King, Lyon ‐ PI National Science Foundation $600,000 CAREER: Electron Mobility in a Hall‐effect Accelerator

King, Lyon ‐ PI US Dept of Defense $472,859 PECASE: Spacecraft Interaction Studies of a 20‐kW Bismuth‐Fueled Hall Thruster

King, Lyon ‐ PI US Dept of Defense $324,667 Self‐Regenerating Nanotips: Indestructible Field‐Emission Cathodes for Low‐Power Electric Propulsion

King, Lyon ‐ PI US Dept of Defense $151,069 Microplasma Device Characterization Facility


Research $149,000 Nanosatellite Technology Demonstrator

King, Lyon ‐ PI US Department of Defense $145,410 A Nanosatellite for Space Situational Awareness

King, Lyon ‐ PI US Department of Defense $134,958 A Nanosatellite Calibration Target for Attitude and Shape Recognition


Research $67,479

A Nanosatellite Calibration Target for Attitude and Shape Recognition Models

King, Lyon ‐ PI ERC, Inc $29,268 FRC Translation Experiments for Space Propulsion

King, Lyon ‐ PI National Science Foundation $10,000 Collaborative Research: I/UCRC in Space Power and Propulsion

King, Lyon ‐ PI University of Michigan Space

Grant Consortium $6,400 MISNER: Aerospace Enterprise CanSat Development

Massey, Dean ‐ PI King, Lyon ‐ Co‐PI

University of Michigan Space Grant Consortium

$5,500 Experimental Investigation of High Power Bismuth Thrusters


Grant Consortium $5,000 High Altitude Glider Telecommunications and Power


Grant Consortium $3,900 Aerospace Enterprise Nanosatellite Design


Grant Consortium $2,500

SNOES ‐ Self Navigating Optics Enhancement System CanSat Project ‐ Aerospace Enterprise


Grant Consortium $2,500 Metal Nanotip Formation in Zero Gravity


Grant Consortium $2,500

Fabrication and Testing of Regenerable Field Emitter Tips for Electric Propulsion


Grant Consortium $2,500 An Investigation of Model Characteristics of an Inflatable Space Station


Grant Consortium $2,500 Design of Device for Electromagnetic Lunar Dust Removal

King, Lyon ‐ PI

Meyer, Edmond ‐ Co‐PI

University of Michigan Space Grant Consortium

$2,500 Electromagnetic Lunar Dust Removal


Grant Consortium $2,500 Design of High Altitude Glider Using Composite Materials


Grant Consortium $2,500 High Altitude Glider

84

SSR Publications

Abdelkhalik, O., Mortari, D., “On The N‐Impulse Orbit Transfer Using Genetic Algorithms”, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 44, No 2, March‐April 2007.

Abdelkhalik, O., Mortari, D., “Orbit Design for Ground Surveillance Missions Using Genetic Algorithms”, Journal of Guidance Dynamics and Control, Vol. 29, No 3, Sep. 2006.

Abdelkhalik, O., Mortari, D., “On The Two‐Way Orbits”, Journal of Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, Vol. 94, No 4, pp 399‐410, April 2006.

Abdelkhalik, O., Mortari, D., “Space Surveillance Using Star Trackers, Orbit Estimation”, 16th AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, AAS 06‐232, Tampa, FL, January 22‐26, 2006.

Abdelkhalik, O., Mortari, D., “Satellite Constellation Design for Earth Observation”, 15th AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, Copper Mountain, Colorado, January 23‐27, 2005.

Abdelkhalik, O., Alberts, T., “Interval Control of Formations in Eccentric Orbits”, AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, Maui, Hawaii, February 8‐12, 2004.

Abdelkhalik, O., Nairouz, N., Weaver, T., Newman, B., “MicroMaps Space Mission Analysis and Design”, Journal of Space Mission Architecture, pp 61‐100, Fall 2003.

Allen, J.S., Son, S.Y., and Collicott, S.J., "Chapter 46. PEMFC Flow‐Field Design for Improved Water Management", chapter in Handbook of Fuel Cells, Volume 5, Prof. Wolf Vielstich, Dr. Hubert A. Gasteiger and Dr. Harumi Yokokawa, eds., John Wiley & Sons, 2009.

Allen, J.S., Son, S.Y., and Collicott, S.H., “Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) flow‐field design for improved water management,” in Handbook of Fuel Cells: Advances in Electrocatalysis, Materials, Diagnostics and Durability, Vol. 5 & 6, Vielstich, W., Gasteiger H.A., and Yokokawa, H. (eds.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, UK, pp. 768‐698, 2009.

Parikh, N., Allen, J.S., Yassar, R.S., “Effect of Deformation of Electrical Properties of Carbon Fibers used in Gas Diffusion Layer of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells,” Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 139, No. 2, pp. 766‐768, September 2009.




Herescu, A., and Allen, J.S., "A Theoretical Investigation of an Electric‐Field‐Driven Menisci Micro‐Pump", Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol. 129, pp. 404‐411, 2007.

Som, S.M., Kimball, J.T., Hermanson, J.C., and Allen, J.S., “Stability and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Unsteady Condensing and Evaporating Films”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 50, pp. 1927‐1937, 2007.


Allen, J.S., “Two‐Phase Flow in Small Channels and the Implications for PEM Fuel Cell Operation” ECS Transactions, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 1197‐1206, 2006.

Wee, S‐K, Kihm, K.D., Pratt, D.M. and Allen, J.S., “Micro‐Scale Heat and Mass Transport of Evaporating Thin Film of Binary Mixture”, Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 320‐326, 2006.

Sommerville, J.D., King, L.B., Chiu, Y.H., and Dressler, R.A., “Ion‐Collision Emission Excitation Cross Sections for Xenon Electric Thruster Plasmas,” Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 880‐888, 2008.

Fossum, E.C., and King, L.B., “An Electron Trap for Studying Cross‐Field Mobility in Hall Thrusters,” IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 2088‐2094, October 2008.

Makela, J.M., Massey, D.R., and King, L.B., "Bismuth Hollow Cathode for Hall Thrusters,” Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 142‐146, 2008.

Kieckhafer, A.W., Massey, D., and King, L.B., “Performance of a 2‐kW Hall Thruster with Segmented Anodes”, Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 821‐827, 2007.

King, L.B., Massey, D., Kieckhafer, A.W., "Performance and Active Thermal Control of a 2‐kW Hall Thruster with Segmented Electrodes ," AIAA Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 821‐827, July 2007.

85

SSR Publications

Kieckhafer, A.W., and King, L.B., “Energetics of propellant options for high‐power Hall thrusters”, Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 23, No. 1, 21‐25, Jan‐Feb 2007.

Fossum, E.C. and King, L.B., “Cross‐field mobility in a Pure Electron Plasma”, Problems of Atomic Sciences and Technology, Series: Plasma Physics, Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 219‐221, 2006.

King, L.B., Parker, G., Schaub, Hanspeter, "Challenges and Prospects of Coulomb Satellite Formation Control," The Journal of the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 52, No 1‐2, pp. 169‐193, 2004.


Odegard, G.M., Gates, T.S., Su, X., Abdi, F., Herring, H.M., "Facesheet Delamination of Composite Sandwich Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures," Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 66, No. 14, pp. 2423‐2435, November 2006.

Odegard, G.M., and Gates, T.S., "Modeling and Testing of a Graphite Nanoplatelet/Epoxy Composite," Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 239‐246, March 2006.

Natarajan, A., Schaub, H., and Parker, G., “Reconfiguration of a Nadir‐Pointing 2‐Craft Coulomb Tether,” Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, Vol. 60, No. 6, pp. 209‐218, June 2007.

Parker, G., Schaub, H., Natarajan, A., and King, L., “Coulomb Force Virtual Space Structures,” Acta Futura, Vol. 2, pp. 39‐44, 2007.

Parker, G., Schaub, H., Natarajan, A., and King, L., “Coulomb Force Virtual Space Structures,” European Space Agency Special Publication, ESA SP 633, pp. 39‐44, 2007.

86

SSR Graduate Students




Sommerville, Jason King, Lyon Bradley Hall‐Effect Thruster‐Cathode Coupling: The Effect of Cathode Position and Magnetic Field Topology

2009

Massey, Dean King, Lyon Bradley Development of a Direct Evaporation Bismuth Hall Thruster 2008

Kieckhafer, Alexander

King, Lyon Bradley The Effect of Segmented Anodes on the Performance and Plume of a Hall Thruster

2007

87




Sommerville, Jason King, Lyon Bradley Emission Cross Sections for Neutral Xenon Impacted by Xe + and Xe 2+

2006

Farmer, Mary Parker, Gordon King, Lyon Bradley

Oculus Attitude Control System 2008

89

C ollaborative research at the interface of engineering disciplines such as dynamics, vibration, acoustics, sig‐nal processing, molecular biology, and controls.

These disciplines are becoming increasingly more important die to advances in nanotechnology, higher machinery speeds, demanding operational loads, compact and lightweight de‐signs, and new engineered materials. Experimental work is evolving very rapidly with the advent of high‐speed proces‐sors, signal processing and embedded control processors, smart sensors and actuators. This area can be viewed as inter‐disciplinary since it includes the elements of many branches of engineering and the physical sciences. Current research focuses on the need for quieter, more reli‐able and safer products, machines and equipment. In addi‐tion to mechanical systems and structures, dynamic analysis is important in electrical, biological and aerospace systems. Fundamental research is needed to address the technological and societal issues faced by modern dynamic, vibration, acoustic and controls engineers and practitioners to fully exploit synergies in the use of these technologies. Current research highlights: The Effect of Torque Converter Design Parameters on Noise and Cavitation Characteristics The behavior of noise generation and characterization of noise in torque converters under a range of speed rations will be investigated in the multi‐year project. The University has developed both an experimental approach to determining the onset of cavitation in torque converters and the data processing and empirical modeling methods to predict cavita‐tion behavior in torque converters at stall conditions in previ‐ously funded research with General Motors. This project aims to expand this work to also include various speed ratios. The University will utilize their existing torque converter dyna‐mometer testing cell to acquire noise data over a range a speed ratios using nearfield microphones. The microphone data will be analyzed using similar methods as used in the previous stall testing. This data analysis includes digital high pass filtering, calculation of the RMS values of the filtered signal, and a method which determines where there is a change in behavior of the RMS signal through an analysis of the slope of these values squared when plotted versus RPM. The University will develop a standard test to determine at what speed ration cavitation disappears. The approach will

include the development of a set of test conditions which mimics the loading that a torque converter undergoes on vehicle launch that can be run efficiently on a dynamometer system. Test conditions will include a range of input tempera‐tures and charge pressures as well as input torques. The de‐veloped tests will be used to characterize the caviation and noise generation of torque converters during speed ratio testing. An assortment of torque converters will be evaluated to understand how design variables affect the cavitation be‐havior. This assortment of torque converters may include different stator design, pump designs, turbine designs, and various torque geometries. This assortment may also include competitor's products. The acquired experimental data will be used to attempt to generate an understanding of the ef‐fect of various design variable on the converter speed ratio cavitation performance. A dimensional analysis will also be investigated which may provide an empirical relationship between these design parameters and the cavitation per‐formance.

Design and Dynamic Systems Research

90

System Identification of Hydrostatic Transmission for Pen‐dulation Control System Implementation and Simulation US Navy ship cranes are used for at‐sea cargo transfer between ships for both military and humanitarian needs. Operation in rough seas can cause large payload motion (+/‐ 5m) in a short amount of time (30 seconds). Dr. Gordon Parker and his stu‐dents are developing nonlinear control strategies for cranes that reduce these hazardous payload motions through ship motion compensation and active swing damping. Eventually, this will facilitate cargo transfer between ships while under‐way in extreme weather conditions. RTR‐GPS Evaluation for Crane and Payload Motion Tracking: Evaluate and implement the use of RTK based GPS for track‐ing the dynamic position of the payload relative to the crane

tip of a shipboard based crane, using both a crane tip GPS unit as the RTK base and a stationary GPS unit on the ship’s deck. The development of payload control technology of a real‐time, multi‐tasking control system for payload swing suppression using sensors ranging from macro mechanical devices to MEMS rate gyros.

DDS Research Laboratory Facilities

Intelligent Systems and Control Laboratory The main activities carried out in the Intelligent Systems and Control Lab (ISCL) are validating models and testing new con‐trol strategies. A variety of data acquisition and control system rapid prototyping platforms (dSPACE, xPCTarget, National Instruments) are available to accommodate most mechatron‐ics applications. Supporting these activities is a large inventory of both off‐the‐shelf signal conditioning systems and electrical instrumentation fabrication equipment for custom signal con‐ditioning applications. A variety of fixtures, including servo‐controlled DC motors, pressure transducers, LVDTs, piezo‐actuator amplifiers, and encoders are also available for simulat‐ing both external disturbances and providing inputs to con‐trolled systems. Several small testbeds are available for dem‐onstrating both linear and nonlinear estimation and control strategies. The testbeds can be roughly classified as linear mo‐tion, rotary motion, electromagnetic levitation, and liquid flow. An Adept xxx, with direct links to external control software, is equipped for robot trajectory generation experiments using both internal measurements and an integrated, externally‐mounted machine vision system. The lab hosts a medium‐sized Stewart Platform (250 lb capac‐ity, 10 inch leg displacement) to support a variety of experi‐ments from simulated ship excitation to satellite control sys‐tem testing. A DC motor driven, 1/20th scale version of a US Navy ship crane is available as a platform to test new ship mo‐tion canceling control strategies and novel "add‐on" devices to improve at‐sea, ship‐to‐ship cargo transfer. A reinforced, ceiling mount system (500 lb capacity) is available for simulating free‐free boundary conditions of test specimens. This has specific application to actively controlled structures. A laboratory‐grade, 4 meter, DC motor controlled gantry can be

ceiling mounted to impart horizontal motion to suspended devices with specific application to flexible body control.

Dynamic Systems Laboratory

Isolated testbeds for controlled excitation and operating condition vibration testing.

M/B Electrodynamic and MTS servo‑hydraulic shaker sys‐tems.

HP3565, 30 channel data acquisition with LMS (3.5) meas‐urement software.

HP700 workstations (5) using LMS (3.5) measurement and analysis software and MATLAB.

Portable data acquisition using Sony DAT (8‑channel) and TEAC VHS (16‑channel).

Force and motion transducers from PCB Piezotronics

Polytec laser vibrometer.

Unholtz‑Dickey 1700 lbf electrodynamic shaker

HP35670, HP35665, HP35660 dynamic signal analyzers.

Ф1dB Symphonie Systems for real time noise and vibration measurement.

16 channel SCADAS III Data Acquisition System

LMS Test. Lab

LMS Virtual. Lab

Binaural Recording System, Head Acoustics

48 channel VXI data acquisition system

112 Channel Larson Davis DDS (mobile) data acquisition system

High precisions Differential RTK enabled GPS w/20 Hz up‐date rate for dynamics and position measurement

91

Noise Control and Sound Quality Laboratories

Anechoic Chamber (8'x8'x10') interconnected with a Reverberant Chamber (8'x10'x12'), permits studies of material absorption/transmission, product sound and sound quality.

Sound Quality Workstations (LMS and SDRC), net‐worked, permit generation, assessment, simulation and modification of product sound. Sound Quality Listening Area permits jury investigations.

Laser Doppler Velocimeter coupled with Workstation, permits remote measurement and post processing of surface velocity and vibrational energy flow through structures.

Silicon Graphics “indigo” Workstations (5) for class‐room and research assessment of sound quality. These units are licensed to carry the full array of SDRC‑IDEAS Sound Quality and Test software.

Bruel & Kjaer sound intensity measurements systems (3) for evaluating acoustical energy flow from con‐sumer products.

Full array of portable sound level meters, vibration transducers, amplifiers and 2‑channel Fourier Analyz‐ers for evaluation of product sound, vibration, noise path and intensity.

Shared Access to the Dynamic Systems Laboratory permits source identification, analysis and modifica‐tion.

Crane control in the Intelligent Systems and Control Laboratory

92

DDS Faculty


Optimal N‐Impulse Orbit Transfers Using Genetic Algorithms

Optimal Orbit Design for Remote Sensing Missions Using Genetic Algorithms

Spacecraft Formation Flying Navigation and Control

Spacecraft Orbit Maintenance

Satellite Constellation Design for Earth Observation Missions

Two‐Way Orbits, It is possible to build Two‐way constellations that have simultaneously, two spacecraft passing over the same point with tangent ground tracks

Ossama Abdelkhalik Assistant Professor PhD, Texas A & M University Space Systems Research


Research Highlights


* Research funding and publication information for all faculty in the Design and Dynamic

Systems Group starts on page 97.


Center



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Jason R. Blough Associate Professor PhD, University of Cincinnati Director, Design/Dynamics Area



Areas of interest include: Vibrations, Unique instrumentation/data

acquisition, Digital signal processing, Noise control

Research Highlights

Dr. Blough's research includes dynamic measurement problems, developing new digital signal processing algorithms to understand NVH type problems and ways to improve the NVH characteristics of virtually any machine. He has made measurements on items as small as individual turbine blades to items as large as 45m diameter radio telescopes and many machines in between including automobiles, snowmobiles, M1 tanks, locomotives, and appliances. He has worked on automotive and snowmobile powertrains and other vehicle components to make them quieter. Currently, he is researching the implementation of active noise control systems in passenger vehicles.

Dr. Blough developed order tracking algorithms for processing data on rotating machinery that are commercially licensed. Additional digital signal processing projects have included Kalman Filter development for a specific automotive application and Sound and Vibration Quality Jury and metric studies.

Dr. Blough is well versed in nearly all experimental NVH techniques including Modal Analysis, Transfer Path Analysis, Time‐Frequency analysis, etc. He routinely teaches many of these techniques in the classroom and industry short courses. He also has experience in FEA and multi‐body dynamics modeling.

DDS Faculty

Bo Chen Assistant Professor PhD, University of California‐Davis Multidisciplinary Engineered Dynamic Systems

Areas of interest include: Mechatronic and embedded sys‐tems,

Agent technology, Distributed control systems, Intelligent transportation sys‐tems

Research Highlights

Distributed adaptive and cooperative mechatronic and embedded systems

Mobile agent and multi‐agent systems

Real‐time control systems

Web‐based systems

Computer‐aided design and analysis

Intelligent vehicle and transportation systems

94

DDS Faculty

Research Highlights

Dr. De Clerck spent 18 years in the automotive industry before joining Michigan Technological University in 2008. His areas of expertise include noise and vibration, structural dynamics, modal analysis, model validation, inverse methods applied to design, and advanced measurement techniques.

James De Clerck Professor of Practice PhD, Michigan Technological

University

NVH Enterprise Faculty Advisor


Research Highlights

In recent years, Dr. Lumsdaine's interests have been in how to enhance learning, innovation, engineering design, quality, and teamwork in academia and industry. He has developed and taught contextual heat transfer, as well as math review and NVH (noise, vibration, and harshness) courses in industry. As a management consultant for Ford Motor Company, he has been heavily involved in the development of the C3P education and training program, heading up a coalition of several Michigan universities and colleges participating in the program. His work in heat transfer has focused on alternative energy sources and machines. To facilitate technology transfer and economic development, he has developed a practical course in entrepreneurship and effective problem solving needed for business startup.

Edward Lumsdaine Professor DSc, New Mexico State University


Areas of interest include: Engineering education, High‐tech training, Noise and vibrations, Heat transfer, Entrepreneurship

95

DDS Faculty




Center



Research Highlights



Chris E. Passerello Professor PhD, University of Cincinnati

Areas of interest include: Dynamic, Vibrations, Finite elements

Research Highlights

Estimating rigid body properties from force and acceleration measurements

Dynamics of cable systems

96

DDS Faculty

Research Highlights Dr. Rao's areas of expertise include automotive noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH), damping of materials and joints,

development of innovative concepts of damping enhancements for vibration control using viscoelastic damping materials, and noise control. He received the NASA New Technology Award in 1990 from NASA‐Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, for his research on the damping of composite materials of the Hubble Space Telescope. He also

Mohan D. Rao Associate Professor PhD, Auburn University Advanced Power Systems

Research Center

Areas of interest include: Acoustics, Vibrations, Noise control, Damping, Auditory science

Research Highlights









Areas of interest include: Vibration, Model analysis, and Acoustics

97

ME‐EM Research Projects through June 2009 Design and Dynamic Systems (DDS) Group


Bettig, Bernhard P. ‐ PI ThermoAnalyitics, Inc $25,829 RadTherm/iSIGHT Integration ‐ Installation and User Applications

Blough, Jason ‐ PI Parker, Gordon ‐ Co‐PI

Jorge Scientific Corp $410,834 RTK‐GPS Evaluation for Crane and Payload Motion Tracking

Blough, Jason ‐ PI Rao, Mohan ‐ Co‐PI

Ford Motor Co Inc $156,264 Optimization of P/T Mounting System for Steady State Drive Conditions 2006

Blough, Jason ‐ PI

Rao, Mohan ‐ Co‐PI Robert Bosch Corp $101,739

Enterprise: (NVH) Development of an Automated Monitoring and Calibration System for Microphones in a Dynamometer Cell

Blough, Jason ‐ PI International Snowmobile

Manufacturing Assoc $96,600

Understanding the Ground and Environmental Effects of Snowmobile Noise for SAEJ192

Blough, Jason ‐ PI Polaris Industries Inc $60,000 Characterization of Seat & Handlebar Vibration of ATV's & Snowmobiles

Blough, Jason ‐ PI PCB Piezotronics $43,000 Larson Davis DSS Labview VI & NVH Course Development

Blough, Jason ‐ PI Polaris Industries Inc $10,000 Snowmobile Powertrain Transfer Path Analysis

Blough, Jason ‐ PI Autoliv Corp $6,500 Autoliv NVH Short Course

Blough, Jason ‐ PI Polaris Industries Inc $4,900 Characterization of Elastomer Snowmobile Powertrain Mounts


Parker, Gordon ‐ Co‐PI Autoliv North America $4,667 Various Sponsors: Steering Wheel Natural Frequency Testing


Van Karsen, Charles ‐ Co‐PI Verso Paper $3,200 Vibration Analysis of Chip Cracker

Blough, Jason ‐ PI Polaris Industries Inc $2,450 Elastomer Characterization of Snowmobile Powertrain Mounts

Camelio, Jamie ‐ PI

Sutherland, John ‐ Co‐PI Schneider National Inc $41,000

Application of Control Theory Principles to Improve the Performance of a Dynamic Trucking Network

Camelio, Jamie ‐ PI Michigan Technological University $9,000 REF ‐ Mentoring Grant ‐ Dr. Camelio (mentee) & Dr. Ceglarek (mentor)

Chen, Bo ‐ PI University of Michigan $15,600 Initial Analysis for a Semi‐Active Vibration Damping System for Spacecraft in Launch Vehicles

Chen, Bo ‐ PI Michigan Technological University $10,000 REF‐MG: Establish Mentoring Relationship between Dr. Chen (Mentee) and Dr. Tomizuka (Mentor)

Chen, Bo ‐ PI Michigan Technological University $9,500 REF‐RS: Immune‐Inspired Design Methodology for Building Autonomous Structural Health Monitoring Systems

Parker, Gordon ‐ PI BMT Designers & Planners Inc $205,827 System Identification of Hydrostatic Transmission for Pendulation Control System Implementation & Simulation

Pandit, Sudhakar ‐ PI Kimberly‐Clark Corp $195,236 KIMBE ‐‐ Data Dependent Systems Joint Engineering Project

Parker, Gordon ‐ PI Blough, Jason ‐ Co‐PI

Anonymous $192,000 CONFIDENTIAL (Per Clause 16)

Parker, Gordon ‐ PI

Blough, Jason ‐ Co‐PI BMT Designers & Planners Inc $181,112

Crane Pendulation Control System Development and Demonstration

Parker, Gordon ‐ PI

Blough, Jason ‐ Co‐PI Office of Naval Research $165,616 High Capacity At‐Sea Transfer of Materials, etc.

Parker, Gordon ‐ PI Craft Engineering Associates Inc $159,101 Development of a Ship‐Launched Aerial Delivery System

Parker, Gordon ‐ PI NSWC Carderock $97,910 Development of a Hydraulic Pump Internal State Measurement

Parker, Gordon ‐ PI National Science Foundation $87,800 Graduate Research Fellowship Program (awarded to Rebecca Petteys)

98

ME‐EM Research Projects through June 2009 Design and Dynamic Systems (MEDS) Group


Parker, Gordon ‐ PI BMT Designers & Planners Inc $85,158 Crane Test Bed Development

Parker, Gordon ‐ PI Caterpillar, Inc $29,855 Development and Application of Correlation Processes for Caterpillar’s Machining Simulation Models

Parker, Gordon ‐ PI Intelligent Automation, Inc. $23,000 Synchronization Control of Ship Rendezvous Operations

Parker, Gordon ‐ PI Craft Engineering Associates Inc $22,999 Simulation of Motion Control during Cargo Transfer Operations

Parker, Gordon ‐ PI Craft Engineering Associates Inc $22,999 Simulation of Aerial Delivery of Cargo from Ship to Shore

Parker, Gordon ‐ PI Sandia National Laboratories $20,000 Switch Bounce Modeling and Control

Parker, Gordon ‐ PI BMT Designers & Planners Inc $9,713 Crane Pendulation Control System Specification Development

Rao, Mohan ‐ PI Volvo Construction Equipment

Korea $108,522

Enterprise: NVH Enterprise ‐ Study and Reduction of Interior Noise in Volvo 210 Excavator Cab ‐ Phase II

Rao, Mohan ‐ PI South Florida Water Management

District $60,161

Test‐Bench Assessment of the Uncertainty of Radial Velocities Measured by a Broad‐band Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler

Rao, Mohan ‐ PI Blough, Jason ‐ Co‐PI

Caterpillar Inc $54,452 Development & Validation of Sound Package Treatments to Reduce Noise From Caterpillar Engines

Rao, Mohan ‐ PI Volvo Construction Equipment

Korea $54,261

Enterprise: NVH Enterprise ‐ Study and Reduction of Interior Noise in Volvo Excavators

Barkdoll, Brian ‐ PI

Rao, Mohan ‐ Co‐PI

South Florida Water Management District

$49,916 Erosion Reduction by Air Entrainment Phase 1

Rao, Mohan ‐ PI John Deere Co $43,585 Correlation of Finite Element and Test Models for Thin Sheet Metal Structures

Rao, Mohan ‐ PI Caterpillar Inc $35,006 Development of a Hybrid Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) Model of a Truck Cab Interior

Rao, Mohan ‐ PI Battelle $30,289 Development of a Robust Speech Metric Based on Biaural Speech Perception

Rao, Mohan ‐ PI John Deere Co $25,600 Measurement of Acoustic Absorption of Crass Surfaces Using the In‐Situ Method

Rao, Mohan ‐ PI

Van Karsen, Charles ‐ Co‐PI Xerox Corp $16,921 Dynamic and Acoustic Model of a Solid Ink Printer Mechanism

Van Karsen, Charles ‐ PI Briggs & Stratton Corp $60,800 AVS Engine Noise Identification


Parker, Gordon ‐ Co‐PI

Rao, Mohan ‐ Co‐PI

Whirlpool Corp $50,000 Development of a Compliant Floor Test Stand

Van Karsen, Charles ‐ PI Whirlpool Corp $37,500 Sound and Vibration of a Prototype Dryer

Van Karsen, Charles ‐ PI University of Massachusetts Lowell $36,242 Multi‐semester Interwoven Project for Teaching Basic Core Stem Material Critical to Solving Dynamic Systems Problems

Van Karsen, Charles ‐ PI Whirlpool Corp $35,595 Sound and Vibration Characterization of Pro Laundry Fabric Care Machines

Van Karsen, Charles ‐ PI Whirlpool Corp $22,000 Field Test‐Operational Parameters Data Collection System: Phase 1

Van Karsen, Charles ‐ PI Caterpillar, Inc $18,500 CB‐534D Vibratory Asphalt Compactor Cab Noise Reduction

Youn, Byeng Dong ‐ PI Battelle $65,067 Uncertainty Data Acquisition & Integration of Response Surface Method to Statistics‐Based Analysis & Design Methodology in Distributed Environment

Youn, Byeng Dong ‐ PI General Motors Research and

Development Center $32,301

Non‐Deterministic Engineering Design Optimization for a Passenger Restraint System

99

DDS Publications

Abdelkhalik, O. and Mortari, D., “On The N‐Impulse Orbit Transfer Using Genetic Algorithms”, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 44, No 2, March‐April 2007.

Abdelkhalik, O. and Mortari, D., “Orbit Design for Ground Surveillance Missions Using Genetic Algorithms”, Journal of Guidance Dynamics and Control, Vol. 29, No 3, Sep. 2006.

Abdelkhalik, O. and Mortari, D., “On The Two‐Way Orbits”, Journal of Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, Vol. 94, No 4, pp 399‐410, April 2006.

Abdelkhalik, O. and Mortari, D., “Space Surveillance Using Star Trackers, Orbit Estimation”, 16th AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, AAS 06‐232, Tampa, FL, January 22‐26, 2006.

Abdelkhalik, O. and Mortari, D., “Satellite Constellation Design for Earth Observation”, 15th AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, Copper Mountain, Colorado, January 23‐27, 2005.

Abdelkhalik, O. and Alberts, T., “Interval Control of Formations in Eccentric Orbits”, AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, Maui, Hawaii, February 8‐12, 2004.

Abdelkhalik, O., Nairouz, N., Weaver, T., Newman, B., “MicroMaps Space Mission Analysis and Design”, Journal of Space Mission Architecture, pp 61‐100, Fall 2003.

Robinette, D., Anderson, C., Blough J.R., and Johnson, M,, “Characterizing the Effect of Automotive Torque Con‐verter Design Parameters on the Onset of Cavitation at Stall,” SAE 2007 Transactions – Journal of Passenger Cars – Me‐chanical Systems. (SAE Noise and Vibration Conference, Saint Charles, IL, May 2007, SAE Paper #: 2007‐01‐2231.)


Manor, N., Anderson, J., Beard, J., “Design and Development of the 2003 Michigan Tech Futuretruck, a Parallel Hy‐brid Electric Vehicle,” SAE Publication, No. 2003‐01‐1257.

Wright, D.D., Beard, J.E., Nelson, D.A., Michigan Tech University, In: Enderle JD and Hallowell B, editors. NSF 2002 Engineering Senior Design Projects to Aid Persons with Disabilities. Mansfield Center, CT: Creative Learning Press, 2003.

Dilworth, B. and Blough, J.R., “Implementation of the Time Variant Discrete Fourier Transform as a Real‐Time Order Tracking Method,” SAE 2007 Transactions – Journal of Passenger Cars – Mechanical Systems. (SAE Noise and Vibration Conference, Saint Charles, IL, May 2007, SAE Paper #: 2007‐01‐2213.)

Londhe, N., Blough, J.R., and Rao, M., “Evaluation of Electro‐acoustic Techniques for In‐Situ Measurement of Acous‐tic Absorption Coefficient of Grass and Artificial Turf Surfaces,” SAE 2007 Transactions – Journal of Passenger Cars – Mechanical Systems. (SAE Noise and Vibration Conference, Saint Charles, IL, May 2007, SAE Paper #: 2007‐01‐2225.)

Van Karsen, J., Blough, J.R., Ge, T., Johnson, D, and Rao, M., “Estimation of Powertrain Inertia Properties via an In‐situ Method,” SAE 2007 Transactions – Journal of Passenger Cars – Mechanical Systems. (SAE Noise and Vibration Con‐ference, Saint Charles, IL, May 2007, SAE Paper #: 2007‐01‐2410.)

Blough, J., Naber J., Frankowski, D., Goble Monroe, Szpytman, J.E., “Analysis of Combustion Knock Metrics in Spark‐Ignition Engines,” SAE 2006 Transactions Journal of Engines, Document Number: 2006‐01‐0400, April 2006.

Chen, B., “Enhancing Control Systems Learning Experience with an Interactive Software Environment,” Computer Education Journal (China), Vol. 7, pp. 47‐51, April 2009.

Chen, B., Cheng, H.H., and Palen, J., “Integrating Mobile Agent Technology with Multi‐Agent Systems for Distributed Traffic Detection and Management System,” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 1‐10, February 2009.

Chen, B., Linz, D.D. and Cheng, H.H., “XML‐Based Agent Communication, Migration and Computation in Mobile Agent Systems,” Journal of Systems and Software, Vol. 81, No. 8, pp. 1364‐1376, August 2008.

Chen, B., Cheng, H.H., and Palen, J., “Mobile‐C: A Mobile Agent Platform for Mobile C/C++ Agents,” Software‐Practice & Experience, Vol. 36, No. 15, pp. 1711‐1733, December 2006.

Wang, Z., Chen, B., Cheng, H.H., Shaw, B., Palen, J., and Feng, P., “Noise Rejection Using Variable‐height Timing Win‐dow Technique for Pulse Signals with Variable S/N Ratio,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 666‐674, April 2006.

Chen, B., and Cheng, H.H., “Interpretive OpenGL for Computer Graphics,” Computers & Graphics, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 331‐339, June 2005.

Yu, Q., Chen, B., Cheng, H.H., “Web‐based Control System Design and Analysis,” IEEE Control Systems Magazine, Vol. 24, No 3, pp. 45‐57, 2004.

100

DDS Publications

Zhu, Y., Chen, B., and Cheng, H.H., “An Object‐based Software Package for Interactive Control System Design and Analysis,” ASME Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 366‐371, 2003.

Wang, Z., Chen, B., Cheng, H.H., Shaw, B., and Palen, J., “Performance Analysis for Design of a High‐precision Elec‐tronic Opto‐mechanical System for Vehicle Delineation Detection on Highway,” ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, Vol. 125, No. 4, pp. 802‐808, 2003.

De Clerck and Doerr, “Application of Statistical Model Validation to a Truck Frame,” Proceedings of the 2006 SAE World Congress & Exhibition, SAE Paper No. 2006‐01‐0281, Detroit, MI, 2006.

De Clerck, Doerr, Muresan, and Tu, “Application of a Statistical Model Validation Approach to a Sheet Metal Stamp‐ing,” Proceedings of the Twenty‐fourth IMAC Conference, St. Louis, MO, 2006.

Avitabile, Tsuji, O’Callahan, and De Clerck, “Reallocation of System Mass and Stiffness for Achieving Target Specifica‐tions using a Superelement/Substructuring Methodology,” International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration, Vol. 1, No. 3/4, 2005.

Avitabile, Tsuji, O’Callahan, and De Clerck, “Reallocation of System Mass and Stiffness for Achieving Target Specifica‐tion,” International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration, Vol. 1, No. 1/2, 2004.

Avitabile, Tsuji, O’Callahan, and De Clerck, “Reallocation of System Mass and Stiffness for Achieving Target Specifica‐tions using a Superelement/Substructuring Methodology,” Proceedings of the Twenty‐second IMAC Conference, Dear‐born, MI, 2004.

Dexter, M., Evensen, H.A., Van Karsen, C.D., Blough, J.R., “Extraction/Filtration of Transients Embedded in Stationary Signals Using Wavelets: Focus on Extraction of Frequency Response Functions,” 1999 SAE Noise and Vibration Confer‐ence, Traverse City, pp. 1335‐1344., May 1999.

Soine, D.E., Evensen, H.A., Van Karsen, C.D., "Threshold Level as an Index of Squeak and Rattle Performance", 1999 SAE Noise and Vibration Conference, Traverse City, pp. 599‐604, May 1999.

Singh, N., Johnson, J.H., Parker, G.G., and Yang, S.‐L., “Vehicle Engine After‐treatment System Simulation (VEASS) Model: Application to a Controls Design Strategy for Active Regeneration of a Catalyzed Particulate Filter,” SAE 2005 Transactions Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, SAE Paper No. 2005‐01‐0970, April 2009.

Lumsdaine, E. and Binks, M., “Entrepreneurship from Creativity to Innovation”, Trafford Publishing, Canada 2006, 2007, 206 pages.

Lumsdaine, E. and Binks, M., “Keep on Moving! Entrepreneurial Creativity and Effective Problem Solving”, McGraw‐Hill Higher Education, 2003.

Lumsdaine, E., Lumsdaine, M., and Shelnutt, J.W., “Creative Problem Solving and Engineering Design”, McGraw‐Hill, 1999.

Lumsdaine, E. and Lumsdaine, M., "Prerequisites for Organizational Innovation," Chapter 2 in Break‐Out Creativity (Rick Crandall, ed.), Select Press, 1998.

Lumsdaine, E., and Lumsdaine, M., “Creative Problem Solving: Thinking Skills for a Changing World”, McGraw‐Hill, 1995.

Lumsdaine, M. and Lumsdaine, E., "Thinking Preferences of Engineering Students: Implications for Curriculum Re‐structuring," Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 84, No. 2, pp. 193‐204, April 1995.

Miers, S.A., Barna, G., Anderson, C.L., Blough, J.R., Inal, K., Ciatti, S.A., "A Wireless Microwave Telemetry Data Trans‐fer Technique for Reciprocating and Rotating Components", ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, GTP‐06‐1228, Vol.130, Issue 2, 2007.

Miller, M.H., Perrault, J.A., Parker, G.G., Bettig, B.P., and Bifano, T.G., “Simple Models for Piston‐Type Micromirrror Behavior,” Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, Vol. 16, pp. 303‐313, January 2006.

Miskioglu, I., Van Karsen, C.D., Wright‐Charlesworth, D.D., King, J.A., "Nano‐Scratch Testing of Short Carbon Fiber Composites to Assess Fiber Adhesion," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 103, No. 1, pp. 328 ‐ 335, 2007.

King, J.A., Miskioglu, I., Charlesworth, D.D., Van Karsen, C.D., “Nanoscratch Testing to Assess the Fiber Adhesion of Short‐Carbon‐Fiber Composites,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 103, pp. 328‐335, 2007.

Polonowski, C., Naber, J., and Blough, J.R., “Accelerometer Based Sensing of Combustion in a High Speed HPCR Die‐sel Engine,” SAE 2007 Transactions – Journal of Passenger Cars – Mechanical Systems. (SAE World Congress, Detroit, MI, April 2007, SAE Paper #: 2007‐01‐0972.)

Devarakonda, M., Parker, G., Johnson, J.J., Strots, V., and Santhanam, S., “Model –Based Estimation and Control Sys‐tem Development in Urea‐SCR Aftertreatment System,” SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 646‐661, April 2009.

101

DDS Publications

Bleck, J.C., Epp, D.S., Sumali, H., and Parker, G.G., “A Simple Learning Control to Eliminate RE‐MEMS Switch Bounce,” Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 458‐465, April 2009.

Parker, G., Schaub, H. Natarajan, A., and King, L., “Coulomb Force Virtual Space Structures,” Acta Futura, No. 2, pp. 39‐44, 2007.

Parker, G., Schaub, H., Natarajan, A., and King, L., “Coulomb Force Virtual Space Structures,” European Space Agency Special Publication, ESA SP 633, pp. 39‐44, 2007.

Natarajan, A., Schaub, H., and Parker, G., “Reconfiguration of a Nadir‐Pointing 2‐Craft Coulomb Tether,” Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, Vol. 60, No. 6, pp. 209‐218, June 2007.

Schaub, H., Parker, G.G., and King, L.B., “Challenges and Prospects of Coulomb Spacecraft Formation Flying,” The Journal of the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 52, No. 1‐2, 169‐193, 2004.

Chen, W., Buehler, M., Parker, G.G., and Bettig, B., “Optimal Sensor Design and Control of Piezoelectric Laminate Beams,” IEEE Transactions on Control System Technology, Vol. 12, No. 1, 148‐155, 2004.

Dhaliwal, A., Parker, G.G. and Blough, J.R., “Active Structural Acoustic Control of Road Noise in a Passenger Vehicle,” International Journal of Vehicle Autonomous Systems, Vol. 2, 168‐188, 2004.

Passerello, C.E., Lychuk, W.M., Bradley, S.A., Vilmann, C R., and Lee, C., "Stress and Deformation Modeling of Multiple Rotary Combustion Engine Trochoid Housing," SAE International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, 1986.

Passerello, C. and Huston, R.L., "Finite Element Methods: An Introduction," Published by Marcel Dekker, 1984.

Passerello,C. and Huston, R.L., "The Human Body Dynamics: Impact, Occupational and Athletic Aspects," Book Chap‐ter in Mechanics of Some Human Body Motions, Section X Chapter 1, Oxford University Press, Editor, D.N. Ghista, 1981

Passerello, C.E. and Huston, R.L., "Multi‐body Structural Dynamics Including Translation Between the Bodies," Com‐puters and Structures, Vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 713‐720, 1980.

Passerello, C.E. and Huston, R.L., "Nonholonomic Systems with Non‐Linear Constraint Equations," International Jour‐nal of Non‐Linear Mechanics, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 331‐336, 1976.

Passerello, C., Huston, R.L., Harlow, M.W., and Winget, J.M., "The UCIN Three Dimensional Aircraft Occupant Mul‐tisegment Model," Aircraft Crashworthiness, K. Saczalski, et. al. editors, University Press of Virginia, 311.

Londhe, N., Rao, M.D., and Blough, J.R., “Application of the ISO 13472‐1 in situ technique for measuring the acoustic absorption coefficient of grass and artificial turf surfaces,” Applied Acoustics, Vol. 70, No. 1, pp. 129‐141, January 2009.

Holt, J.R., Rao, M.D., Blough, J.R., and Gruenberg, S., “Time History Based Excitation in the Dynamic Characterization of Automotive Elastomers,” Journal of Automobile Engineering, Vol. 221, No.3, Part D, pp. 271‐284, 2007

Dreyer, J., Rao, M.D., and Pandit, S.M., “Estimation of Sound Absorption of Three‐dimensional Treatments Based on Impedance Tube Measurements,” Noise Control Engineering Journal, Vol. 55, No. 5, pp. 466‐475, September 2007.

Qu, R., Patankar, R., and Rao, M.D., “Stochastic Modeling of Fatigue Crack Propagation by Collective Motion of Dislo‐cations”, International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 181‐191, January 2007.

Qu, R. Patankar, R., and Rao, M.D., “A Third Order State‐Space model of Fatigue Crack Growth”, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, Vol. 29, No. 12, pp. 1045‐1055, December 2006.

Rao, M.D., and Letowski, T., “Callsign Acquisition Test (CAT): Speech Intelligibility in Noise”, Ear and Hearing Journal, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 120‐128, April 2006.

Rao, M.D., Hao, M., "Vibration and Damping Analysis of a Sandwich Beam Containing a Viscoelastic Constraining Layer ," Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 39, No. 18, pp. 1621‐1643, September 2005.

Mattson, S., Van Karsen, C.D., Blough, J.R., Schiefer, M., "Design and Performance of a Gas Actuated Impact Ham‐mer", 18th International Modal Analysis Conference, San Antonio, pp. 1466‐1469, February 2000.

Kurmaniak, C.V., Van Karsen, C.D., Kelley, W.R., “Application of Indirect Force Estimation Techniques to the Automo‐tive Transfer Case,” 1999 SAE Noise and Vibration Conference, Traverse City, pp. 861‐870,May 1999.

102

DDS Graduate Students




Dreyer, Jason Pandit, Sudhakar M. Rao, Mohan D.

Binaural Index for Speech Intelligibility via Bivariate Autoregressive Models

2009

Zhu, Liangtao Parker, Gordon G. Adaptive Control of Sinusoidal Brushless DC Motor Actuators 2008

Devarakonda, Maruthi

Parker, Gordon G. Dynamic Modeling, Simulation and Development of Model‐Based Control Strategies in a Urea‐SCR Aftertreatment System in Heavy‐Duty Diesel Engines

2008

Tang, Jiping Parker, Gordon G. Input Shaping Vibration Control for Nonminimum Phase Systems

2007

Shi, Zhiru Parker, Gordon G. Dynamic Modeling, Simulation and Parameter Identification of a Hydrostatic Transmission with Application to Crane System Characterization

2006

Chen, Wei Parker, Gordon G. Simultaneous Optimization of Smart Structures 2004

Deaton, Larry Rao, Mohan D. Investigations into the Causes and Methods of Reducing Airflow Induced Buffeting Over Vehicle Rear Windows

2006

Hao, Min Rao, Mohan D. Vibration Analysis of Constrained Layered Beams with Multiple Damping Layers

2005

Qu, Rong Rao, Mohan D. Health Monitoring, Diagnostics and Prognostics of Mechanical Systems

2005

103




Walber, Chad Blough, Jason R. Course Work 2009

Waisanen, Andrew Blough, Jason R. The Application of Experimental Transfer Path Analysis to the Identification of Vehicle Sensitivity to Tire Cavity Resonance

2009

Abraham, Adam Blough, Jason R. Development and Validation of a Non‐Contact Crane Payload Swing Sensor

2008

VanKarsen, Jeffrey Blough, Jason R. Sensitivity Analysis and User Interface Development of In‐Situ Method Estimation of Powertrain Inertia Properties

2007

Dilworth, Brandon Blough, Jason R. Implementation of the Time Variant Discrete Fourier Transform as a Real‐Time Order Tracking Method

2006

Keske, Justin Blough, Jason R. Characterization of Human Vibration Exposure from the Operator Interfaces of Snowmobiles and All Terrain Vehicles

2005

Vengala, Prasanth Blough, Jason R. A Study of Active Noise and Vibration Control Using Filtered Reference Gradient Adaptive Lattice Algorithm

2005

Suckow, Albert Evensen, Harold A. Unstructured Surface Mesh Generation through Point Cloud Interpolation

2006

Dreyer, Jason Pandit, Sudhakar M. Rao, Mohan D.

Estimation of Low‐Frequency Sound Absorption of Three‐Dimensional Treatments Based on Impedance Tube Measurements

2007

Dasgupta, Saurabh Parker, Gordon G. Course Work 2008

Graziano, Michael Parker, Gordon G. Reducing Crane Payload Swing Using a Rider Block Tagline Control System

2007

Bulgakov, Konstantin

Parker, Gordon G. Design of a Scale Model Electric Crane 2006

Tang, Jiping Parker, Gordon G. Residual Vibration Reduction for Nonminimum Phase Systems Using an Input Shaping Approach

2006

Sharma, Arunandan Parker, Gordon G. Genetic Algorithm based Command Shaping approach for Rapid Repositioning of Flexible Payload

2005

Jimenez, Hugo Parker, Gordon G. Blough, Jason R.

Unattended Ground Sensor Application Using Consumer‐Off‐The‐Shelf (COTS) Hardware and Software

2005

Jost, Britta Parker, Gordon G. Application of the Approximation and Model Management Optimization (AMMO) Framework to Parameter Identification Problems

2004

Korpela, Kurt Passerello, Chris E. Course Work 2005

Granstrom, Jonathan

Sodano, Henry A. Smart Polymers for Use in Power Harvesting, Noise Control and Self Healing Applications

2008

104




Kshirsagar, Ketan Rao, Mohan D. Modeling, Design and Validation of an Exhaust Muffler for a Commercial Telehandler

2008

Gujarathi, Rohit Rao, Mohan D. Application of Statistical Energy Analysis for Modeling Interior Noise in Off‐Highway Trucks

2008

Poradek, Francis Rao, Mohan D. Study and Reduction of Noise Transmission from the Volvo EC 210 Excavator

2007

Jangale, Ashish Rao, Mohan D. Blough, Jason R.

Calculation of Powertrain Mount Loads using a Multibody Dynamic Model

2006

Nathak, Subhro Rao, Mohan D. Development and Validation of an Acoustic Encapsulation to Reduce Noise from a Diesel Engine

2006

Dholaria, Jagdish Rao, Mohan D. Course Work 2006

Londhe, Niranjan Rao, Mohan D. Development of an In‐Situ Measurement Technique for the Measurement of Acoustic Absorption Coefficient of Grass and Artificial Turf Surfaces

2005

Pruse, Ronald Rao, Mohan D. Speech Intelligibility of the Callsign Acquisition Test (CAT) in Noise

2004

Bansal, Mohit Van Karsen, Charles D. Rao, Mohan D.

Evaluation of the Inverse FRF Based Sub‐structuring Approach Applied to Plexiglas Plates

2007

Hemstreet, Scott Van Karsen, Charles D. Course Work 2006

Pyrkosz, Michael Van Karsen, Charles D. Development of Tools for Teaching Core Dynamic Systems Material

2006

Lee, Phie Theng Van Karsen, Charles D. Field Data Acquisition Apparatus Setup and Testing for Household Clothes Washers and Clothes Dryers

2005

Etapa, Jeffrey Van Karsen, Charles D. High Frequency ‐ Low Amplitude Dynamic Characterization of Elastomers through Experimental Techniques

2005

Rawal, Abhay SurendraK

Van Karsen, Charles D. Compliant Floor Test Stand 2005

Cheah, Sze Kwan Sodano, Henry A. Modeling and Application of an Eddy Current Damper for a Rotating System

2006

105

M any of the campus research efforts on sustainabil‐ity are coordinated by the Sustainable Futures In‐stitute (SFI) – www.sfi.mtu.edu. Within the SFI, a

team of collaborators (from MEEM, ChemE, MSE, SBE, and SFRES) is focused on sustainability issues related to design and manufacturing, and their activities may be classified into the following areas:

Product design. This includes research on life cycle de‐sign with regard to the environment; characterizing value behavior across multiple life cycles, modular design to facilitate assembly, maintenance, and disassembly/remanufacture; feature and material selection via multi‐ple criteria design; integrated product‐service systems; and product development to support more sustainable technologies.

Manufacturing processes/systems. This includes research on materials processing; development of environmental profiles for processes; assembly and disassembly sys‐tems; recycling and remanufacturing technologies; and development of greener process technologies.

Manufacturing enterprise and logistics. This includes research on closing material and element life cycles; de‐velopment of energy and resource efficient logistic sys‐tems; enhancing the sustainability of supply chains; im‐proving the sustainability of the automotive value net‐work; reverse logistics/takeback systems; measures of societal sustainability; and developing innovative busi‐ness models to promote sustainability.

Current Research Topics Defining Product Modules for Assembly Testability The issue at hand is the high cost and low quality of subas‐semblies due to the inherent difficulty in testing subassem‐blies that were not designed with testability in mind. If sub‐assembly (or module) testability is not taken into account in the design of sub‐assemblies, the result can be subassemblies that are difficult or impossible to test for functionality before they are put into the final assembly. Waiting until final assem‐bly for testing leads to greater scrap costs, more expensive and time consuming testing, and difficult root cause diagnos‐tics. The research will identify feasible design improvements for a single product (one model of a Medium Wheel Loader family)

that will enhance the testability of the subassemblies before and during final assembly. A critical component of this work is the indentification of the critical quality parameters ad identifying how the assembly process can potentially impact those parameters. Doing so will indentify where in the assem‐bly process those parameters may be in need of testing. Once the test points are identified for critical quality parameters, the next step is to investigate the barriers to testability. These barriers will lead to design improvements in the form of a better clustering of components into modules. The deliv‐erable for this project will be an analysis of the Medium Wheel Loader product outlining strategies for: (1) the right breakdown of the product into modules that can be fully tested at the sub‐assembly level; (2) strategies for module‐level testing for the product; and (3) a high level generalized criteria for product breakdown into modules that can be opti‐mally tested for Wheel Loader product family. It is anticipated that this research can be expanded by MTU to lead to gener‐alizable design heuristics for creating more testable subas‐semblies and modules that can be applied to all products across the enterprise. Empirical Modeling of Convective Heat Transfer Coeffi‐cient in Micro‐Ducts Much research has studied convective heat transfer in micro‐ducts/channels driven by such applications as cooling of VLSI circuits and fuel cells. Drawing from that body of work this research will apply physical knowledge of micro‐heat transfer with a predominantly experimental effort to realize an em‐pirical (or semi‐empirical) model applicable to the turbulent flow through the tool ducts. Note: that the intent is not to advance significantly the fundamental knowledge in micro‐heat transfer, but rather to apply existing knowledge to ob‐tain the requisite data‐based (empirical) model. Of particular interest is the experimental work of Lelea et al. (2004), as a starting point. They designed an experimental setup to investigate the friction factor and the heat transfer characteristics of laminar flow of distilled water through mi‐cro‐tubes having a diameter of 100pm, 300 pm and 500 pm. Turbulent flow is of interest here, their approach can be adapted by providing a pump (not a micro‐pump) with ade‐quate power/pressure capability.

Sustainable Manufacturing and Design Research

106

Manufacturing Computations Laboratory

* Parasolid and ACIS solid modeling libraries

CADshell/wxWindows CAD software framework libraries

iSight integration/optimization program

GPSS geometric problem solving libraries with inte‐grated solvers: D‐Cubed, Newton‐ Raphson itera‐tion, bi‐partite graph network flow algorithm, and advanced sub‐graphisomorphism algorithm (most develop in‐house)

MPI distributed computing code In‐House Genetic Algorithm Library

In‐House Topology Optimization Library

Unigraphics NX, I‐DEAS, ABAQUS, and Matlab inte‐gration code

Materials Processing Laboratories

300‑ton Satec hydraulic compression testing ma‐chine

120,000‑lb. Southwark‑Baldwin testing machine

120,000‑lb. Tinius Olsen hydraulic testing machine

150‑ton hydraulic press

MTS (Model 866.01) sheet metal formability analy‐sis system

MTS (Model 204.08) Mini LDH load frame

Adaptive sheet metal forming testing machine

125‑ton converted mechanical press

MTS 70,000‐lb servo hydraulic testing system

3‐MTS 35,000‐lb servo hydraulic actuator systems

1‐MTS 12,000‐lb servo hydraulic actuator system

2‐ grid analysis systems Material Removal Laboratories

Flexible Manufacturing Cell

CNC turning center, Cincinnati Milacron Model 1208C

CNC machining center, Cincinnati Milacron Model 7VC

Industrial Robot, Cincinnati Milacron Model T3‑646 General Purpose Machines/Equipment

Monarch machinability lathe

Bridgeport milling machine

Brown and Sharpe surface grinder

Bridgeport CNC 2.5‑axis milling machine

4‐Milling/Turning/Grinding dynamometers

2‐Drilling dynamometers

Metrology Laboratory

Brown and Sharpe coordinate measuring machine

Starret coordinate measuring machine

Perthen Surface Profilometer

Pocket‐Serf Profilometer

Talyrond 100‑roundness assessment machine

Microscopes (Leitz and Nikon)

Tool analyzer

Mechanical and optical comparators Polymer Processing Lab

Nigalo 85 ton Injection Molding Machine

Hull Transfer Modeling Machine Precision Machining Laboratory

Moore two‑axis jig grinder base with Excello air bearing work spindle

High‑speed (60,000 rpm) air bearing grinding spin‐dle

Piezoelectric fine feed axis

Nanometer resolution capacitance gauge

DSP based machine controller Manufacturing Air Quality Laboratory

Particle imaging system

Aerodynamic particle sizer (APS)

Scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS)

Real‐time airborne mass concentration measure‐ment device (DustTrak)

Dilutor

SMD Research Laboratory Facilities

Dr. William Endres and PhD student performing Machinability tests in the Precision Machining Laboratory

107

SMD Faculty

William J. Endres Associate Professor PhD, University of Illinois —

Urbana‐Champaign


Center

Engineering Education Innovation Sustainable Manufacturing & Design





Research Highlights

Micromechanical machining processes are direct material removal processes with microcutting tools or energy processes. They include milling, drilling, diamond machining, laser machining, focused ion beam machining, etc., to produce component features in the micrometer regime. These are very rapid removal processes and are therefore suitable for low‐ cost design concept development and prototyping at the micro‐Scale. Bio‐inspired nanotechnologies offer solutions to many challenges in sensing. Of particular interest is protein‐based sensing and energy transduction for signal output.

* Research funding and publication information for all faculty in the Sustainable Manufacturing

and Design Group starts on page 111.

Areas of interest include: Micromechanical systems, Nanotechnology

Craig R. Friedrich Professor PhD Oklahoma State University

Associate Chair and Director of Graduate Studies

Director, Multi‐Scale Sensors and Systems Group

Director, Multi‐Scale Technologies Institute (MuSTI)

108

SMD Faculty

Research Highlights

Dr. Gershenson performs research in the areas of life‐cycle product architecture and lean and sustainable design and manufacturing. Specific research interests include: platform‐based product family design, modular product and process architectures, lean manufacturing, lean engineering, sustainable product/process design, and the role of technological change in the design process. Current and recent research sponsors include the Nation Science Foundation, General Motors, Terex, Whirlpool, Ford, and ALCOA.

John K. Gershenson Professor PhD, University of Idaho Director, Manufacturing Area

Director, Sustainable Manufacturing and Design Group

Areas of interest include: Platform‐based product family design,

Modular product and process architecture,

Lean engineering, Life‐cycle engineering

Research Highlights

Gupta's research is focused on computer simulation of polymer processing and design of plastic parts. Some of the projects he is investigating are: 1) effect of elongational viscosity on polymeric flows, 2) estimation of elongational viscosity for polymeric melts, 3) three‐dimensional simulation of the flow in ceramic injection molding, 4) mixing of polymers, and 5) optimization of die geometry for polymer extrusion.

Mahesh Gupta Professor PhD, Rutgers University Sustainable Manufacturing and Design

Areas of interest include: Polymer processing, Polymer rheology, Design with plastics, Composites finite element method

109

SMD Faculty

John D. Hill Assistant Professor PhD, University of Iowa

Areas of interest include: Human factors, Transportation safety and policy, Service systems

Research Highlights

Dr. Hill’s research focuses on the design and enhancement of systems that can respond to the evolving needs of the user. This is accomplished through experimental assessment of the operator’s behavior and performance, and computational models which account for other factors that relate to performance outcomes. Focuses include transportation, where driving simulators are used to assess the effect of vehicle and roadway design on driving performance; service systems, where both service providers and recipients are modeled to maximize value creation in the system; and occupational health and safety, where system design is evaluated to address ergonomic issues in the

workplace.

Research Highlights

Self‐regulating micro fuel cells for portable military/civilian electronics

Nanostructured surfaces for energy and environmental applications

Micro‐ and Nano‐fluidics for energy harvesting

Self‐healing materials

DeSheng (Dennis) Meng Assistant Professor PhD, University of California — Los

Angeles


Areas of interest include: Micro‐ and nano‐ technologies for

energy and environmental applications,

Microfluidics, Micro fuel cells, Microelectromechanical systems

(MEMS),

110

SMD Faculty

Research Highlights



Michele H. Miller Associate Professor PhD, North Carolina State University Director, Engineering Education Innovation Research Group

Research Highlights

Dr. Pandit's main areas of interest are systems analysis, forecasting, and control, with applications to manufacturing and design. Pandit's principal contribution has been the methodology of data dependent systems (DDS). He has taught courses on this methodology and undertaken research in its application to computer‐integrated manufacturing, solar energy simulation, paper‐making, blast furnace operation, quality control, business forecasting, vibration and modal analysis, machine vision, and nanometrology. He has published more than 150 papers on the methodology, including two books listed below. Pandit served as 1993‐94 ASA/NSF/NIST Senior Research Fellow, is the recipient of the MTU 1994 Faculty Research Award, and was elected Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1999.

Sudhakar M. Pandit Professor PhD ,University of Wisconsin —

Madison



Areas of interest include: Data‐dependent systems modeling, Computer control, Machine vision

112

ME‐EM Research Projects through June 2009 Sustainable Manufacturing & Design Group


Sutherland, John ‐ PI

Gershenson, John ‐ Co‐PI National Science Foundation $7,923,248

IGERT: Achieving Environmental, Industrial, and Societal Sustainability via the Sustainable Futures Model

Parker, Gordon ‐ PI State of Michigan 21st Century Jobs Fund

$1,362,281 Optimizing Chemo‐Mechanical Structure for MEMS Chemical Vapor Sensor Arrays

Gershenson, John ‐ PI National Science Foundation $627,515 Selection of Industrial Coatings Based on Environmental and Societal Impact Characteristics

D’Souza, Roshan ‐ PI National Science Foundation $523,644 CAREER: Towards Interactive Simulation of Giga‐Scale Agent‐Based Models on Graphics Processing Units

Gupta, Mahesh ‐ PI National Science Foundation $405,047 GOALI: Optimum Design of Extrusion Dies Using the Estimated Elongational Viscosity

Gershenson, John ‐ PI National Science Foundation $372,716 Product Modularity ‐ The Link Between Product Architecture and Product Life‐cycle Costs

D’Souza, Roshan ‐ PI National Science Foundation $256,445 Graphics Hardware Accelerated Real‐time Machinability Analysis of Free‐form Surfaces

Shonnard, David ‐ PI

Sutherland, John ‐ Co‐PI

Michigan Economic Development Corp

$180,000 Evaluation of Low Greenhouse Gas Bio‐Based Energy Technologies: Supplement to 060144: /SFI

Gershenson, John ‐ PI General Motors Corp $175,125 Application of GM‐GMS to the Manufacturing Systems Design

Gershenson, John ‐ PI Terex Handlers $174,492 A Proposal for the MUT/Terex Lean Leadership Laboratory

Gershenson, John ‐ PI General Motors Corp $137,334 Application of GM‐GMS to Manufacturing Engineering

Gershenson, John ‐ PI Caterpillar Inc $115,271 MTU‐CAT Product and Process Commonality Collaborative Project

D’Souza, Roshan ‐ PI National Science Foundation $109,630 SGER: Exploring Data‐Parallel Techniques for Mega‐Scale Agent Based Model Simulations on Graphics Processing Units

Camelio, Jaime ‐ PI

D’Souza, Roshan ‐ Co‐PI


Commercialization Initiative (MUCI)

$83,988 Elemental Model and Die Proof of Concept

Endres, William ‐ PI M.K. Morse Co $83,639 Mechanics‐Based Design of Metal Cutting Circular Saws

D'Souza, Roshan ‐ PI National Science Foundation $83,112 SGER: Preliminary Investigation of Selective Volumetric Sintering of Powder Metallurgy Parts



Gershenson, John ‐ Co‐PI

Boston Scientific Corp $60,000 P2A2 Membership

Weinmann, Klaus ‐ PI Ford Motor Co Inc $59,120 Ford ‐ MTU Off‐Campus PhD Program: A Proposal for Advising Support Development of Hybrid Forming Dies for Super Plastic Forming in Aluminum Sheet

Gershenson, John ‐ PI Caterpillar Inc $34,000 MTU‐CAT Collaborative Project: Defining Project Modules for Assembly Testability

Gershenson, John ‐ PI Ford Motor Co Inc $21,250 Systematic Design of Product Platform Architectures


Alder, Daniel ‐ Co‐PI Caterpillar Inc $19,864 Engine Remanufacturing Assessment

Gershenson, John ‐ PI Harry Cross $17,250 Eccentric Propulsion Scooter (Senior Design)

Gershenson, John ‐ PI Pearl Izumi USA Inc, DashAmerica Inc

$16,956 Next Generation Chamols

Gershenson, John ‐ PI Nissan Technical Center $15,000 Thin Seat Back (Senior Design)

113

ME‐EM Research Projects through June 2009 Sustainable Manufacturing & Design Group



Camelio, Jaime ‐ Co‐PI

Gershenson, John ‐ Co‐PI

National Science Foundation $12,600 Collaborative Research: I/UCRC on Assembly Research

Gershenson, John ‐ PI National Science Foundation $12,000 Research Experiences for Undergraduates in Product Modularity

Bettig, Bernhard ‐ PI General Motors Corp $10,000 Creation of an MTU Demanufacturing Lab

Gershenson, John ‐ PI SRAM Corporation $4,070 Accelerometer Based Data Acquisition System for Bicycles

D’Souza, Roshan ‐ PI Machining Process Technologies, LLC

$2,872 Preliminary Investigation of Modular Molding

114

SMD Publications


Corpus, W. T., and Endres, W. J., “Added Stability Lobes for Machining Processes that Exhibit Periodic Time Variation – Part 1: An Analytical Solution,” ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 467‐474, 2004.

Corpus, W. T., and Endres, W. J., “Added Stability Lobes for Machining Processes that Exhibit Periodic Time Variation – Part 2: Experimental Validation,” ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 475‐480, 2004.

Kountanya, R. K., and Endres, W. J., “Flank Wear of Edge‐Radiused Cutting Tools under Ideal Straight‐Edged Orthogo‐nal Conditions,” .ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 496‐505, 2004.

Endres, W. J., and Kountanya, R. K., “The Effects of Corner Radius and Edge Radius on Tool Flank Wear,” Journal of Manufacturing Processes, Vol. 5, 2003.

Endres, W., Schimmel, R.J., and Stevenson, R., "Application of an Internally Consistent Material Model to Determine the Effect of Tool Edge Geometry in Orthogonal Machining," Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol. 124, No. 3, pp. 536‐543, August 2002.

Endres, W., Manjunathaiah, J.,, "A New Model and Analysis of Orthogonal Machining With an Edge‐Radiused Tool," Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol. 122, No. 3, pp 384‐390, August 2000.

Endres, W., Thouless, M.D., Chiu, W.C., "An Experimental Study of Chip Formation and Surface Formation during Or‐thogonal Machining of Homogeneous Brittle Materials," Journal of Machining Science and Technology, Vol. 4, pp. 253‐75, 2000.

An, L., and Friedrich, C., “Process Parameters and Their Relations for the Dielectrophoretic Assembly of Carbon Nano‐tubes,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 105, No. 7, 074314, 2009.

An, L., Cheam, D., and Friedrich, C., “Controlled Dielectrophoretic Assembly of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes,” Jour‐nal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 113, pp. 37‐39, 2009.

Wallner, J., Nagar, N., Friedrich, C., Bergstrom, P., “Macro Porous Silicon as Pump Media for Electro‐Osmotic Pumps”, Physica Status Solidi A Applications and Materials Science, Vol. 204, No. 5, pp. 1327‐1331, March 2009.

An, L., Friedrich, C., “Real‐Time Gap Impedance Monitoring of Dielectrophoretic Assembly of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes,” Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 92, No. 17, 173103, April 2008.

Wise, K., Bhatti, P., Wang, J., Friedrich, C., “High‐Density Cochlear Implants With Position Sensing and Control”, Hear‐ing Research, Vol. 242, No. 1‐2, pp. 22‐30, August 2008.

Arcand, B., Shyamsunder, S., Friedrich, C., “A Fluid Actuator for Thin Film Electrodes”, ASME Journal of Medical De‐vices, Vol. 1, 70‐78, March 2007.

Friedrich, C., Avula, R., Gugale, S., “A Fluid Microconnector Seal for Packaging Applications,” Journal of Micromechan‐ics and Microengineering, Vol. 15, 1115‐1124, 2005.

Friedrich, C., Kulkarni, V.P., "Effect of Workpiece Springback on Micromilling Forces," Microsystems Technology Jour‐nal, Vol. 10, No. 6‐7, pp. 472‐477, October 2004.

Friedrich, C., Li, J., and Keynton, R.S., "Design and Fabrication of a Miniaturized, Integrated, High Frequency Acousti‐cal Lens‐Transducer System," Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 219‐228, March 2002.

Ye, X., and Gershenson, J.K., “Focused Product Family Design Based on the Commonality and Variety Tradeoff,” Inter‐national Journal of Mass Customisation, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 179‐207, 2009.

Ye, X., Thevenot, H., Alizon, F., Gershenson, J.K., Khadke, K., Simpson, T.W., and Shooter, S., “Using Product Family Evaluation Graphs in Product Family Design,” International Journal of Product Research, Vol. 47, No. 13, pp. 3559‐3585, January 2009.

Ye, X., Thevenot, H.J., Alizon, F., Khadke, K., Gershenson, J.K., Simpson, T.W., and Shooter, S.B., “Attribute‐based Clustering Methodology for Product Family Design,” Journal of Engineering Design, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 571‐586, Decem‐ber 2008.

Lai, X., and Gershenson, J.K., “Representation of Similarity and Dependency for Assembly Modularity,” International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 37, No. 7/8, June, pp. 803‐827, 2008.

Guo, F. and Gershenson, J.K., “Discovering Relationships between Modularity and Cost.” Journal of Intelligent Manu‐facturing, Volume 18, No. 1, 143‐157, 2007.

115

SMD Publications

Khadke, K., Gershenson, J.K., “Technological‐Driven Product Platform Development,” International Journal of Product Development, Special Issue on Innovative Concepts in the Perspective of maximizing the Utilization Rate and Value of Durable Goods, Vol. 6, No. 3‐4, pp. 353‐374 , 2007.

Gershenson, J.K., and Clarke, A., “Life‐cycle Design” Kutz, M. (ed.) Handbook of Environmentally Conscious Mechanical Design, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2007.

Gershenson, J.K. and Pavnaskar, S.J., “Educating Tomorrow’s professors: Integrating Background research and Course Development,” iNEER Innovations 2007: World Innovations in Engineering Education and Research, Begell House Publishing, pp. 127‐138, 2007.

Jiao, J., Gershenson, J.K., and Michalek, D.J., “Managing Modularity and Commonality in Product and Process Devel‐opment,” Concurrent Engineering, Vol. 15, June, pp. 81‐83, 2007.

Alizon, F., Khadke, K., Thevenot, H.J., Gershenson, J.K., Marion, T.J., Shooter, S.B., and Simpson, T.W., “Frameworks for Product Family Design and Development.’ Concurrent Engineering, Vol. 15, pp. 187‐199, June 2007..

Hagemeyer, C., Gershenson, J.K., Johnson, D., “The Classification and Application of Problem Solving Quality Tools”, The TQM Magazine, Vol. 18, No. 5, 445‐483. 2006.

Pavnaskar, S.J., and Gershenson, J.K., “Application of Value Stream Mapping to Lean Engineering,” International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems, Volume 8, No. 1, 2005.

Ye, X., Gershenson, J.K., Khadke, K., Lai, X., Guo, F. “An Introduction to Product Family Evaluation Graphs.” Proceed‐ings of the 2005 ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences – 17th International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology, Long Beach, California, September 2005.

Gershenson, J.K., Prasad, G.J., and Zhang, Y., “Product Modularity: Measures and Methods.” Journal of Engineering Design, Volume 15, Number 1, 2004.

Gershenson, J., Pavnaskar, S.J., and Jambekar, A.B., "Classification Scheme for Lean Manufacturing Tools ," Interna‐tional Journal of Production Research, Vol. 41, No. 13, pp. 3075 ‐ 3090, September 2003.

Grimm, T.R., Kernosky, S.K., and Weinmann, K.J., “Design and Modeling of a Trasnducer for a Sheet Metal Forming Control System,” Proceedings of the Irish Manufacturing Committee, Competitive Manufacturing, Dublin, Ireland, 757‐764, 1995.

Altinkaynak, A., Gupta, M., Spalding, M., and Crabtree, S., “An Experimental Study on Shear Stress Characteristics of Polymers in Plasticating Single‐Screw Extruders,” Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol. 49, pp. 471‐477, March 2009.

Walczak, K., Gupta, M., Koppi, K.A., Dooley, J., and Spaulding, M.A., “Elongational Viscosity of LDPEs and Polysty‐renes using Entrance Loss Data”, Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 223‐233, 2008.

Gupta, M., “Non‐isothermal Simulation of the Flow in Co‐rotating and Counter‐rotating Twin‐Screw Extruders using Mesh Partitioning Technique,” Society of Plastics Engineers Annual Technical (ANTEC) Papers, Vol. 54, pp. 316‐320, May 2008.

Gupta, M., “Mesh Partitioning Technique for Three‐Dimensional Simulation of Coextrusion,” Society of Plastics Engi‐neers Annual Technical (ANTEC) Papers, Vol. 54, pp. 217‐222, May 2008.

Cong, L., and Gupta, M., “Simulation of Distributive and Dispersive Mixing in a Co‐rotating Twin‐Screw Extruder,” Soci‐ety of Plastics Engineers Annual Technical (ANTEC) Papers, Vol. 54, pp. 300‐304, May 2008.

Altinkaynak, A., Gupta, M., Spalding, M.A., and Crabtree, S.L., “Shear Stress and Melting Flux for Polycarbonate Res‐ins,” Society of Plastics Engineers Annual Technical (ANTEC) Papers, Vol. 54, pp. 1405‐1409, May 2008.

Walczak, K., Gupta, M., Koppi, K.A., Dooley, J., and Spaulding, M.A., “Elongation Viscosity of LDPEs and Polystyrenes using Entrance loss Data,” Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol. 48, pp. 223‐232, February 2008.

Sun, Y., Gupta, M., Dooley, J., Koppi, K.A., Spalding, M.A., “Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Elongational Viscosity effects in a Coat‐Hanger Die,” Journal of Plastics Technology, Vol. 4, pp. 1‐14, January 2008.

Gupta, M., and Sun, Y., "An Analysis of the Effect of Elongational Viscocity in a Spiral Mandrel Die," Advances in Poly‐mer Technology, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 90‐97, June 2006.

Hill, J. and Boyle, L., “Stress as Influenced by Driving Maneuvers and Roadway Conditions,” Transportation Research, Part F, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 177‐186, 2007.

Hill, J. and Boyle, L., “The Safety Implications of Vehicle Seat Adjustments,” Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 187‐93, 2006.

Hill, J. and Boyle, L., “Assess the Relative Risk of Sever Injury in Automotive Crashes for Older Female Occupants,” Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 148‐154, 2006.

116

SMD Publications

Allen, J., and Meng, D.D., "Micro‐ and Nanofluidics for Energy Conversion," IEEE Nano Magazine, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 19‐23, December 2009.

Meng, D.D., and Kim, C.‐J., "An Active Micro‐direct Methanol Fuel Cell with Self‐Circulation of Fuel and Built‐In Re‐moval of CO2 Bubbles," Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 194, No. 1, pp. 445‐450, October 2009.

Teng, F., Zhu, Y., He, G., Gao, G., and Meng, D., “Cataluminescence and Catalysis Properties of CO Oxidation Over Po‐rous Network of ZrO2 Nanorods Synthesized by a Bio‐Template,” The Open Catalyst Journal, Vol. 2, pp. 86‐91, March 2009.

Teng, F., Yao, W., Zhu, Y., Chen, M., Wang, R., Mho, S., and Meng, D., “Correlation Cataluminescence (CTL) Property with Reactivity of Hydrothermally Synthensized La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 Cubes and CTL as a Rapid Mode of Screening Catalyst,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry C., Vol. 113, No. 8, pp. 3089‐3095, January 2009.

Meng , D.D., and Kim, C.‐J., "Micropumping of Liquid by Directional Growth and Selective Venting of Gas Bubbles," Lab on a Chip, Vol. 8, pp. 958 ‐ 968, 2008.

Meng, D.D., Cubaud, T., Ho, C.‐H., and Kim, C.‐J., "A Methanol‐Tolerant Gas‐Venting Microchannel for a Micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell," Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, Vol. 16, pp. 1403‐1410, 2007.

Meng, D.D., Kim, J., and Kim, C.‐J., "A Degassing Plate with Hydrophobic Bubble Capture and Distributed Venting for Microfluidic Devices," Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, Vol. 16, pp. 419‐424, 2006.

Meng, D.D., and Kim, C.‐J., "Embedded Self‐Circulation of Liquid Fuel for a Micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell," Proceed‐ings of The 20th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, Kobe, Japan, pp. 85‐88, 2007. (selected for oral presentation)

Meng, D.D. and Kim, C.‐J., "A Micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell with Self‐Pumping of Liquid Fuel," Technical Digest Solid State Sensor, Actuator and Microsystems Workshop, Hilton Head Island, SC, pp. 120‐123, June 2006. (selected for oral presentation)

Meng, D.D., Ju, Y. and Kim, C.‐J., "A Comparative Study of Electrolysis and Boiling for Bubble‐Driven Microactuations," Technical Digest, The 13th International Conference on Solid‐State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems, Seoul, Korea, pp. 1263‐1266, June 2005. (selected for oral presentation)

Fan, X., and Miller, M.H., “Force Analysis for Grinding with Segmental Wheels”, Machining Science and Technology, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 435‐455, 2006.

Miller, M. H., Perrault, J.A., Parker, G.G., Bettig, B.P., and Bifano, T.G., “Simple Models for Piston Type Micromirror Behavior,” Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 303‐313, 2006.

Lee, H., Miller, M.H., and Bifano, T.G., “CMOS Chip Planarization by Chemical Mechanical Polishing for a Vertically Stacked Metal MEMS Integration,” Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 108‐115, 2004.

Salisbury, E.J., Domala, K.V., Moon, K.S., Miller, M.H., and Sutherland, J.W., “A Three Dimensional Model for the Sur‐face Texture in Surface Grinding, Part 2: Grinding Wheel Model,” Journal of Manufacturing Science. and Engineering, Vol. 123, No. 4, pp. 582‐590, 2001.

Miller, M., Sutherland, J.W., Domala, K.V., Moon, K.S., Salisbury, E.J., "A Three‐Dimensional Model for the Surface Texture in Surface Grinding, Part 1: Surface Generation Model," Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol. 123, No. 4, pp. 576‐581, November 2001.

Dreyer, J.T., Pandit, S.M., Rickli, J.L., Camelio, J.A., Loukus, J.E., and Loukus, A.R., “Workpiece Defect Detection Using Piezoelectric Instrumented Fixtures for Machining of Metal Matrix Composites,” Transactions of NAMRI/SME, Vol. 36, pp. 81‐88, October 2008.

Dreyer, J., Rao, M.D., and Pandit, S.M., “Estimation of Sound Absorption of Three‐dimensional Treatments Based on Impedance Tube Measurements,” Noise Control Engineering Journal, Vol. 55, No. 5, pp. 466‐475, Sept‐Oct 2007.

Dreyer, S.G., Pandit, S.M., Bett, T.A., Milbrodt, P., and Ungpiyakul, T., “Application of Data Dependent Systems Mod‐eling to Failure Prediction in Non‐Stationary Manufacturing Processes”, Transactions of the North American Manufac‐turing Research Institution of SME, Vol. 34, pp. 461‐468, 2006.

Mattson, S.G., and Pandit, S.M., “Statistical Moments of Autoregressive Model Residuals for Damage Localization”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Vol. 20, pp. 627‐645, April 2006.

Mattson, S.G., and Pandit, S.M., “Damage Detection and Localization Based on Outlying Residuals”, Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 15, pp. 1801‐1810, November 2006.

Pandit, S.M., Loukus, J.E., and Subhash, G., "Application of Data Dependent Systems Approach for Evaluation of Frac‐ture Modes During a Single‐Grit Scratching," Mechanics of Materials, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 25‐42, January 2002.

Pandit, S.M., and Chan, D.P. , "Data‐Dependent Systems Profilometry of Two‐Dimensional Surfaces," Applied Optics, Vol. 38, No. 31, pp. 6540‐6549, November 1999.

117

SMD Graduate Students




Bapat, Vikram Bettig, Bernhard P. D’Souza, Roshan M.

A Computational Framework for Requirements‐Driven Automated Design Synthesis

2007

Hii, Wilson Michalek, Donna J. Transient CFD Study of Machining Mist Removal through Kinematic Coagulation

2005

Lai, Xiaoxia Gershenson, John K. Design Structure Matrix‐based Product Representation for Life‐Cycle Process‐Based Modularity

2008

Ye, Xiaoli Gershenson, John K. Product Family Design and Evaluation Based on the Commonality/Variety Tradeoff

2008

Khadke, Kiran Gershenson, John K. Engineering Design Methodology for Planned Product Innovation

2007

Guo, Fang Gershenson, John K. Defining Relationships Among Product Architecture, Product Life‐Cycle Modularity, and Product Life‐Cycle Cost

2005

Pavnaskar, Sandeep Gershenson, John K. A Systematic Method for Leaning Engineering Processes 2004

Haapala, Karl Sutherland, John W. Development of Models for Environmental Performance Improvement of Steel Product Manufacturing

2008

Kumar, Vishesh Sutherland, John W. A Material Flow and Economic Exchange Model to Characterize the Impact of Vehicular Changes and Policies on the Automotive Recovery Infrastructure

2006

Huang, Jun Sutherland, John W. Aifantis, Elias C.

Adiabatic Shear Banding and Shear Localized Chip Formation 2005

Ju, Chuanxi Sutherland, John W. Development of Particulate Imaging Systems and their Application in the Study of Cutting Fluid Mist Formation and Minimum Quantity Lubrication

2005

Hu, Xuefei Sutherland, John W. An Experimental and Analytical Study of the Effect of Material Microstructures on the Machinability of Al‐Si Alloys

2005

Emblom, William Weinmann, Klaus J. Closed‐Loop Control of the Sheet Metal Stamping Process with Active Drawbeads, a Flexible Blankholder, and Variable

2006

Luckey, S. George Weinmann, Klaus J. Friendman, Peter A.

Development of Finite Element Analysis Based Tools and Methods for the Design of Advanced Superplastic Forming Dies and Processes

2006

Sun, Yong Gupta, Mahesh Optimization of Die Geometry for Polymer Extrusion 2006

Ling, Di Gupta, Mahesh Simulation of Fluid‐Solid Interaction in Powder Injection Molding

2005

Hong, Yong Kyu Miller, Michele H. Moon, Kee S.

Development of an Integrated Atomic Force Microscopy‐Nanoindentation System

2006

Zhang, Ping Miller, Michele H. Investigation of Grinding Wheel Loading 2005

Fan, Xiaorui Miller, Michele H. Force Modeling for Intermittent Grinding Processes 2005

Zhang, Zhen Endres, William J. Slip Line Modeling of Machining with Worn Blunt Cutting Tools 2008

Zheng, Jiang Endres, William J. Dynamic Behavior of a Fixed Cup‐Lid Joint Under Multi‐Dimensional Time Varying Loading

2006

Bhatnagar, Samved Endres, William J. Feasibility Study of Micro Quantity Internal Cooling (MQuIC) of Cutting Tools

2006

118




Kale, Vaibhav Bettig, Bernhard P.

Beard, John E.

Modified Frontier Algorithm with Solution Selection 2007

Mantri, Abhishek Bettig, Bernhard P.

D’Souza, Roshan M.

Issues in Integration of Engineering Analyses for Multi‐Disciplinary Optimization

2006

Beggs, Larry Bettig, Bernhard P. Course Work 2006

Chaubal, Shailendra Bettig, Bernhard P. Implementation of Modified Frontier Algorithm for Constraint Solving

2006

Joshi, Shantanu Bettig, Bernhard P. Control Over Projection Using Head Tracking for a Desktop Virtual Reality System

2005

Aittama, John Michalek, Donna J. Multilayer Co‐Extrusion Fuel Tank Regrind and Compatibilization Study for Sustainability

2008

Feenstra, Joel Sodano, Henry A. Piezoelectric Materials with Application to Power Harvesting and Sensing

2007

Rickli, Jeremy Camelio, Jaime A. A Modified Hotelling T2 Multivariate Control Chart for Enhanced Assembly Fixture Fault Detection

2008

Wells, Lee Camelio, Jaime A. Enhanced Dimension‐Reduction (EDR) Method for Quality and Sensitivity‐Free Reliability Assessment

2008

Zhao, Qiangsheng Camelio, Jaime A. Data Dependent Approaches in Fault Diagnosis for Manufacturing Application

2008

Ye, Xiaoli Gershenson, John K. Course Work 2007

Vettel, Drew Gershenson, John K. Analysis of Engineering Processes Using Lean Manufacturing Tools: A Manufacturing Equipment Design Application

2006

Lai, Xiaoxia Gershenson, John K. Course Work 2006

Sanyal, Nikhil Gershenson, John K. Value‐Based Improvement Prioritization Using Process Relative Worth Analysis

2006

Clarke‐Sather, Abigail Gershenson, John K.

Sutherland, John W.

Course Work 2006

Leep, Daniel Gershenson, John K. Course Work 2005

Sandretto, Peter Gershenson, John K. Application of Next Generation Technologies to Future Competition Human Powered Vehicles

2004

Case, Steven Gershenson, John K. The Validation of a Classification Scheme for Lean Manufacturing Tools

2004

Kantipudi, Vidyasagar Gershenson, John K. Course Work 2004

Williams, Cheryl Sutherland, John W. Optimization of Conversion of North American Left Hand Drive Vehicles for Importation into Right Hand Markets

2009

Pauken, David Sutherland, John W. Statistical Modeling of the Ford Superduty Brake Pedal Feel Attribute

2009

Brown, Kari Sutherland, John W. Course Work 2008

Law, Mohit Sutherland, John W. Course Work 2008

119




Rivera, Julio Sutherland, John W.

Michalek, Donna J

Course Work 2008

Hutchins, Margot Sutherland, John W. Course Work 2007

Adler, Daniel Sutherland, John W. Comparing Energy and Other Measures of Environmental Performance in the Manufacturing and Remanufacturing of Engine Components

2007

Shirodkar, Prasad Sutherland, John W. Characterization of Value Flow During the Product Life Cycle 2006

Arthur, Cory Weinmann, Klaus J. Study of Clad Tubing Extrusion using the Finite Element Method 2008

Walczak, Karl Gupta, Mahesh The Analysis of Elongational Viscosity of LDPEs and Polystyrenes Using Entrance Loss Data

2005

Chandan, Pratik Gupta, Mahesh Meshing Algorithm for Two Dimensional and Three Dimensional Moving Boundary Problems

2005

Shah, Amit Gupta, Mahesh Simulation of Polymeric Flow in an Twin‐Screw Extruder: An Analysis of Elongational Viscosity Effects

2004

Rahmani, Keyvan D’Souza, Roshan M. A GPU‐Based Framework to Simulate Predator‐Prey Models 2007

Hu, Weiwei D’Souza, Roshan M. Three Dimensional Additive Manufacturing Using Microwave 2007

Ahmad, Zaryab D’Souza, Roshan M. Application of Genetic Algorithms in Process Planning: Tool Sequence Selection for 2.5 Axis Pocket Machining

2006

Vaze, Ajit D’Souza, Roshan M. Octree Decomposition ‐ Recomposition Based Rapid Manufacturing Process

2005

Mattson, Steven Pandit, Sudhakar M. Course Work 2008

Devola, Eryn Pandit, Sudhakar M. Analysis of Warranty Claim Trends Using a Data Dependent Systems Model

2007

Guan, Yun Pandit, Sudhakar M. Course Work 2006

Krishna, Karthik Endres, William J. Effects of Tooth Parameters on the Performance of Metal Cutting Circular Saw Blades

2006

Walqui Pantigoso, Lennart

Endres, William J. The Effects of Chip‐Splitting Grooves in Metal Cutting Circular Saws

2005

Gami, Rahul Endres, William J. Effect of Corner Radius on Tool Temperature 2004

Jenkins, Timothy Sutherland, John W. Course Work 2008

121

FACULTY

Faculty Research Engineers Visiting Faculty, Lecturers, Instructors

DEPARTMENT OF

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING‐ENGINEERING MECHANICS

122

Elias C. Aifantis Adjunct Professor PhD, University of Minnesota


Areas of interest include: Mechanics and Materials Science

Research Highlights

Currently directing the MTU Research Center for the Mechanics of Materials and Instabilities. Also directing the Laboratory of Mechanics of AUT and coordinating an EU‐TMR Network on "Spatio‐ Temporal Instabilities in Deformation and Fracture" involving seven European laboratories through Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. He has published more than 300 papers in the areas of mechanics and materials. Several of these publications helped to identify and establish research areas such as double porosity/diffusivity theory, dislocation patterning, strain gradient

Selected Publications

Valavala, P.K., Clancy, T.C., Odegard, G.M., Gates, T.S., and Aifantis, E.C., “Multiscale Modeling of Polymer Materials using a Statistics‐Based Micromechanics Approach,” Acta Materialia, Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 525‐532, January 2009.

Aifantis, E. C., "Gradient Deformation Models at Nano, Micro, and Macro‐scales," Journal of Engineering Materials Technology, Vol. 121. 189‐202, 1999.

Aifantis, E. C., "Strain gradient interpretation of size ef‐fects," Int. J. Fract. 95, 229‐314, 1999.

Recent Funding

University of Illinois ($256,164) Novel Experi‐ments and Models for Nanomechanical Analyses of Metallic Nanowires and Polymeric/Collagenic Nanofibers

Harold A. Evensen Professor Emeritus

PhD Syracuse University

Areas of interest include: Noise Control, Vibrations, Signal Analysis

Research Highlights

Dr. Evensen teaches graduate and professional courses in dynamic measurements; signal processing; industrial noise control; and vehicle noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH). He consults in industrial noise control and vibration measurements with the American machine tool industry and is experienced in dynamic measurements applied to noise and vibration problems in machines and structures. Current interests include analysis of vibrational energy flow through structures, incorporating laser Doppler vibration measurements.


Liu, Qunli and Subhash, Ghatu, and Evensen, Harold A. “Behavior of a Novel Iterative Deconvolution Algorithm for System Identification,” Journal of Vibration and Control, II: 985‐1003, 2005.

Welsh, P. and Evensen, H. A., "Vibrational and Sound Radiation Properties of a Double‐Layered Diesel Engine Gear Cover;" Paper 99NV‐95 SAE 1999 Noise and Vibration Conference, Traverse City, Michigan, May 1999.

Spisak, M. and Evensen, H. A., "Estimating Vibrational Energy Flow in Plates using an Autoregressive Technique," Proceedings, 17th Annual Modal Analysis Conference, Kissimmee, Florida, Society for Experimental Mechanics, Bethel, Connecticut, February 1999.

Recent Funding

NASA (Co‐PI) ($750,626) Direct Computational Simulations and Experiments for Internal Con‐densing Flows’ System ‐ Instabilities/Dynamics in Micro‐Gravity and Terrestrial Environments

USDA Forest Products Laboratory (Co‐PI) ($184,806) A Study to Examine the Use of Trans‐verse Vibration Nondestructive Techniques to Determine Residual Stiffness and Strength of Timber Bridges

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Research Highlights

A catalyzed ceramic particulate matter filter is examined relative to its effect on emissions and the passive regenera‐tion process within. The emissions are measured relative to their size distribution, and chemical/biological character. Modeling relative to the pressure drop and mass of particu‐late matter in the filter is being developed. A 1‐dimensional 2 layer single channel wall‐flow particulate filter model is being applied with output variables being the outlet size distribu‐tion and particle concentration, the mass of particulate mat‐ter retained in the filter, and the mass oxidized by NO2 and thermal including the location in the filter where oxidation is taking place. The diesel laboratory has been designed to include the study of active regeneration of the particulate matter deposited in the filter.

A new advanced ceramic material for diesel particulate filters is being studied and the pressure drop, active regen‐eration characteristics, and the filtration efficiency of these filters will be compared to a conventional ceramic material being used on new heavy‐duty vehicles in 2007. A lumped parameter model for the particulate filter is being used to simulate the catalyzed particulate filter in a heavy‐duty truck. A Vehicle Engine After‐treatment System Simulation (VEASS) was developed and is used for particulate filter and NOx control system studies. A model based control system is being simulated using VEASS to control the regeneration process. A project is also underway to model the control of nitrogen oxides using a SCR catalyst which is modeled as part of the overall control system model.

John H. Johnson Research Professor and Presi‐

dential Professor Emeritus

PhD, University of Wisconsin—Madison


Areas of interest include Internal combustion engines, Diesels engines fuel economy Air pollution, Emissions modeling

Recent Funding

Dept of Energy ($2.8M) Experimental Studies for DPF and SCR Model, Control System , and OBD Development for Engines using Diesel and Biodiesel Fuels.

John Deere Co. ($418,043) Modeling of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and a Catalyzed Particulate Filter (DOC‐CPF) Sys‐tem with Active Regeneration Using a Hydrocarbon Injection System

International Truck & Engine (Co‐PI) ($252,830) System Level Modeling and Control for Diesel engine PM and NOx After‐treatment

John Deere Co. ($224,915) Modeling of a Continuously Regenerating Particulate Trap in a Heavy‐Duty Diesel Engine with Cooled Low Pressure EGR

Dow Automotive Corp. ($128,361) Characterization and Performance of Dow Automotive Advanced Ceramic Material Substrate for Diesel Particulate Filter

International Truck & Engine (Co‐PI) ($119,644) Model Based Analysis and Investigation of Advanced Control Strate‐gies for an Integrated Urea‐SCR After‐Treatment System

International Truck & Engine (Co‐PI) ($112,473) SCR Catalyst Modeling & Evaluation of Control Strategies for Nox Re‐duction in Diesel Engine Exhaust After‐Treatment

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Name Dissertation

Antonio Triana Padilla Development of Models to Study the Emission, Flow, and Kinetic characteristics from Diesel Oxidation Catalysts and Particulate Filters (Co‐advisor) (2004)

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering

Name Thesis

Rayomand H. Dabhoiwala An Experimental and Modeling Study of Two Diesel Oxidation Catalyst‐Catalyzed Particulate Filter Systems and the Effects of the Cracked Filter on its Performance (Co‐Advisor)(2007)

Saurabh Mathur Experimental Studies of an Advanced Ceramic Diesel Particulate Filter (Co‐Advisor)(2007)

Rajesh N. Nair Course work (2007)

Andrew J. Peplinski Course work (2007)

Rajiv B. Nanjundareddy Course work (2006)

Kiran C. Premchand An Experimental and Modeling Study of the Filtration and Oxidation Characteristics of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and a Catalyzed Particulate Filter (2006)

Mohammed Hasan The Filtration and Oxidation Characteristics of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and a Catalyzed Particulate Filter: Develop‐ment of a 1‐D‐2 Layer Model (2005)

Paramjot Singh An Experimental Study of Active Regeneration of an Advanced Catalyzed Particulate Filter by Diesel Fuel Injection Up‐stream of an Oxidation Catalyst (2005)

Nishant Singh Development of a Vehicle Engine After‐treatment System Simulation (VEASS) Model with Application to the Study of a Controls Design Strategy for Active Regeneration of (Co Advisor) (2004)

Venkata R. Lakkireddy The Effect of an Advanced Oxidation Catalytic Converter and a Catalyzed particulate Filter on the Emissions from a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine (2004)

Dr. Johnson continued from page 123


Singh, S., Johnson, J. H., Parker G.G., and Yang, S.L., “Vehicle After‐treatment System Simulation (VEASS) Model: Ap‐plication to a Controls Design Strategy for Active Regeneration of a Catalyzed Particulate Filter”, SAE 2005 Transac‐tions Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, SAE Paper No. 2005‐01‐0970, Presented at SAE 2005 World Congress, April 11‐14, 2009.

Parker, G., Johnson, J.H., Devarakonda, M., Strots, V., and Santhanam, S., “Model‐Based Estimation and Control Sys‐tem Development in a Urea‐SCR Aftertreatment System,” SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 646‐661, April 2009.

Yang, S.‐L., Johnson, J.H., Triana, A.P., Hasan, M., “An Advanced 1D 2‐Layer Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter Model to Simulate: Filtration by the Wall and Particulate Cake, Oxidation in the Wall and Particulate Cake by NO2 and O2, and Regeneration by Heat Addition,” SAE 2006 Transactions Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, March 2007.

Shende, A.S., Johnson, J.H., Yang, S.L. Bagley, S. T., and Thalagavara A. M., “The Filtration and Particulate Matter Oxi‐dation Characteristics of a Catalyzed Wall‐flow Diesel Particulate Filter: Experimental and 1‐D 2‐Layer Model Results,” SAE Paper No. 2005‐01‐0949, Presented at SAE 2005 World Congress, April 11‐14, 2005.

Naber, J., Johnson, J.H., Bagley, S.T. , Singh, P., Thalagavara, A.M, “An Experimental Study of Active Regeneration of an Advanced Catalyze Particulate Filter by Diesel Fuel Injection Upstream of an Oxidation Catalyst,” SAE Transactions Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, Vol. 115, pp. 334‐357, April 2006.

125

V.C. Rao Komaravolu Principal Lecturer

PhD, Indian Institute of Technology

Areas of interest include: Thermodynamics, Heat transfer,

Research Highlights

Survey of heat transfer in electrical machines.

Techniques of temperature measurement in rotating systems.

Prediction of temperature distribution in electrical machines using network analyzer.

Scale model studies of large capacity turbo‐generators.

Studies on sprayer performance in deaerators

Estimation of heat transfer coefficients in industrial steam turbines.

Selected Publications Rao, K.V.C., “Effect of Cooling Fluid Properties

and Application Variables on Heat Transfer in Turning and Boring Operations” Proceeding of ASME Japan/USA Symposium on Flexible Automation, Vol. 2, pp 1119‐1126, 1996.

Eisele, T.C., Rao, K.V.C., and Kawatra, S.K., “Cycloning and Froth Floatation of Scrubber Sludge for Pollution Prevention”, Proceedings Pollution Prevention in the Mining & Mineral Process Industries, 1995.

Rao, K.V.C., and Sastri, V.M.K., “Experimental Investigation for Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in an Elliptical Duct Rotating about a Parallel Axis Mahadevappa”, Experimental Heat Transfer, Vol. 6, pp 97‐109, 1993.

Banherjee, B., Rao, K.V.C., Sastri, V.M.K., “Transient Free Convective Heat Transfer from Co‐rotating Concentric Disks”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 33, No. 5, pp 1177‐1182, 1990.

Josh Loukus Instructor PhD, Michigan Technological

University

Areas of interest include: Nano‐ceramic particle dispersion,

Manufacture of metal matrix

Research Highlights

Structural light‐metal components can be designed and built cost effectively by the tailoring of macro‐material properties by nano‐contituents in the reinforcements of mental matrix composites (MMC). Control of both the ceramic reinforcement ‘preform’ manufacturing as well as squeeze casting capabilities are paramount to the successful deployment of a cost‐effective MMC product.

Deployable technologies that have been developed on this research path are: (1) Tile insulation for NASA, (2) Structural braking components, (3) RF rapid drying technology, and (4)


Dreyer, J.T., Pandit, S.M., Rickli, J.L., Camelio, J.A., Loukus, J.E., and Loukus, A.R., “Workpiece Defect Detection Using Piezoelectric Instrumented Fixtures for Machining of Metal Matrix Composites,” Transactions of NAMRI/SME, Vol. 36, pp. 81‐88, October 2008.

Hathaway, R., Loukus, A., Johnson, C., Wood, T., Loukus, J., Halonen, A., Simula, G., Pikhovich, V., Coleman, B., Weiss, D., “Manufacturing Process Influence on Microstructural Features of Selectivity Reinforces Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites”, TMS Proceedings, (San Antonio, TX), 2006.

Loukus, J.E., Loukus, A., Halonen, A., “The Effects of Processing Methods on the Mechanical Properties of Cast Magnesium Metal matrix Composites,” AFS Interantion Conference on High Integrity Light Metal Castins, (Indianapolis, IN), November 2005.

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Charles H. Margraves Lecturer

PhD, University of Tennessee— Knoxville

Director, Engineering Learning Center

Areas of interest include Thermal, fluid, and bio‐processes

at micro‐ and nano‐scale

Research Highlights Dr. Margraves is interested in visualizing and analyzing thermal, fluid and bio‐processes at the micro– and nano‐ scale levels using a variety of microscopy techniques; Fluorescence, Total In‐ternal Reflection Fluorescent, DICM, and IRCM.


Choi, C.K., Margraves, C.H., English, A.E., and Kihm, K.D., "Multicontrast Microscopy Technique to Dynamically Finger‐print Live‐cell Focal Contacts during Exposure and Replacement of a Cytotoxic Medium," Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 13, Issue 5, 054069, October 2008.

Choi, C.K., Margraves, C.H., English, A.E., Kihm, K.D., "Dynamic Optical and Electrical Properties of Endothelial Cell Attachment on Indium Tin Oxide Bio‐electrodes," Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 12, Issue 6, 064028, 2007.

Choi, C.K., English, A.E., Kihm, K.D., Margraves, C.H., “Simultaneous Dynamic Optical and Electrical Properties of En‐dothelial Cell Attachment on Indium Tin Oxide Bioelectrodes,” Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 12, No. 6, 064028, December 2007.

Choi, C.K., Margraves, and Kihm K.D., “Examination of Near‐Wall Hindered Brownian Diffusion of Nanoparticles: Com‐parison to Theories by Brenner (1961) and Goldman et al. (1967),” Physics of Fluids, Vol. 19, No. 10, October 2007.

Choi, C.K., Margraves, C.H., Kihm, K.D., "Examination of the Effect of Salinity on the Minimum Elevation of Nano‐particles using Ratiometric Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy (R‐TIRFM) ," Experiments in Fluids, Vol.

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Research Highlights Dr. Predebon’s research includes mechanical behavior, characterization and processing of ceramics, shock deformation including microstructural effects and dynamic fracture of metals and ceramics, impact phenomena, computer simula‐tion of wave phenomena, explosive‐metal interaction and fragmentation. His research usually involves experimental, analytical, and computational elements. Predebon’s research in mechanical behavior and processing of alumina resulted in two patents. This alumina has excep‐tional compressive and tensile strength properties which increase with strain rate. It has also increased toughness. It has an enhanced dynamic yield strength (Hugoniot Elastic Limit) and spall strength. Potential applications are ceramic cutting tools, engine components (pistons, valves, etc.), bioceramics, electronic structures, and armor.

William W. Predebon Professor and Department Chair

PhD, Iowa State University

Recent Funding

Herny Luce Foundation/Clare Boothe Luce Program (Co‐PI) ($295,612) Clare Boothe Luce Scholar Program

State of Michigan ($34,700) Nationally Visible Infra‐structure: The MTU Machining Education & Research Laboratories (MERL)

Michigan Technological University ($34,158) MTU REF‐IE: ME‐EM Research Caucus Grant Writer

Selected Journal Publications

Staehler, J.M., Predebon, W.W., Pletka, B.J., and Subhash, G., “Micromechanisms of Deformation in High‐Purity Hot‐Pressed Alumina,” Material Science and Engineering Jour‐nal A, Vol. 291, No. 1‐2, pp. 37‐45, October 2000.

Lankford, J., Predebon, W.W., Staehler, J.M., Subhash, G., Pletka, B.J., and Anderson, C.L., “The Role of Plasticity as a Limiting Factor in the Compressive Failure of High Strength Ceramics,” Mechanics of Materials Journal, Vol. 29, No. 3‐4, pp. 205‐218, August 1998.

Staehler, J.M., Predebon, W.W., Pletka, B.J., and Subhash, G., “Strain‐Rate Effects in High‐Purity Alumina,” JOM, 47, No. 5, 60‐63, 1995.

Selected Other Publications Shapton, W.R., Zenner, P.F., Predebon, W.W., Sutherland, J.W., Banks‐Sikarskie, M.A., Artman, L.A., and Lins, P.A., “From the Classroom to the Boardroom: Distance Learn‐ing Undergraduate and Graduate Engineering Programs, A Global Partnership of Industry and Academia”, Interna‐tional Conference on Engineering Education Proceedings (CD Format), Oslo, Norway, August 6‐10, 2001, pp. 1‐6.

White, C.L., Predebon, W.W., Wathne, E., and Larsen, P.K., “An International Industry/University Collaboration: Norsk Hydro Michigan Tech/NTNU”, International Confer‐ence on Engineering Education Proceeding (CD Format),

Areas of interest include: Ceramics, Impact phenomena, Wave propagation, Computer simulation of explosive metal systems

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William Shapton Professor Emeritus

PhD University of Cincinnati

SAE Formula Car Advisor

Areas of interest include Design, Kinematics, Vibration, Modal analysis, Noise path analysis

Research Highlights

Dr. Shapton is involved in design and experimental modal analysis of dynamic structures. Recently, this has been combined with noise control techniques to study vehicle noise, vibration, and harshness. Noise path analysis techniques are applied to track the path that vibration energy travels through a structure to attenu‐ate, interrupt, and control the resulting sound or vibra‐tion. Study of the sound quality may indicate what properties of the sound are most objectionable or de‐sirable so that the spectrum may be shaped to opti‐mize the selection of alternative sound or vibration treatments.


Predebon, W.W., Sutherland, J.W., Shapton, W.R., Zenner, P.F., Banks‐Sikarskie, M.A., Artman, L.A., and Lins, P.A., “From the Classroom to the Boardroom: Distance Learning Undergraduate and Graduate Engineering Programs, A Global Partnership of Industry and Academia,” International Conference on Engineering Education Proceedings (CD Format), Oslo, Norway, August 6‐10, 2001, pp. 1‐6.

Dyer, T. J., Noland, T. W., Shapton, W. R., and Thomas, R. S., “The Analysis of Frequency Domain Data from Designed Experiments,” Proceedings of the 1995 SAE Noise and Vibration Conference, Traverse City, Michigan, May 1995.

Shapton, W. R., Poland, J. B., and Lally, M., “Increased Test Throughput on Dynamometers through a System Ap‐proach to Noise and Vibration Testing,” IMAC‐XIII, Society for Experimental Mechanics, Nashville, Tennessee, February 13‐16, 1995.

Moshrefi, N., Shapton, W. R., Van Karsen, C., and Wicks, A., “Estimation of Multiple Input/Output Frequency Re‐sponse Functions in the Presence of Uncorrelated Noise,” Proceedings of the 7th International Modal Analysis Confer‐

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Research Highlights

Vable enjoys developing and using computa‐tional tools for stress analysis and design. He is currently developing a computer program based on boundary element method that can be used for design and analysis of isotropic and anisotropic bodies by users that have little or no knowledge of the boundary element methodology. The com‐puter program is called BEAMUP‐Boundary Ele‐ment Analysis from Michigan's Upper Peninsula‐which will be available to students and faculty of MTU for their research in the near future.

Vable is also developing BEAMUP for analyz‐ing stresses near an interface of two isotropic or anisotropic materials and conducts research into the pedagogy of teaching mechanics of materials.

Madhukar Vable Associate Professor

PhD, University of Michigan

Areas of interest include Computational mechanics



Name Dissertation

Jaihind Reddy Maddi hpr‐Mesh Refinement for the Boundary Element Method Analysis of Multiple Material Prob‐lems (2006)

Selected Publications Vable, M., “Resolution of Stress Gradients In Bonded Joints by Boundary Element Method” in Modeling of Adhesive

Bonded Joints, Eds: L. Silvia and A. Oechsner Springer, Heidelberg, Germany (In Print).

Vable, M., Intermediate Mechanics of Materials, Oxford University Press, New York, 604 pages (2008) (ISBN: 978‐0‐19‐518855‐4)

Vable, M., Solution Manual for Intermediate Mechanics of Materials, Oxford University Press, New York, 520 pages, (2008) (ISBN: 978‐0‐19532926‐1)

Vable, M., and Reddy, J., “Boundary Element Analysis of Inclusions with Corners,” Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, Vol. 31, No. 9, pp. 762‐770, September 2007.

Vable, M. and Maddi J. "Boundary Element Analysis of Adhesively Bonded Joints", International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, Vol. 26, pp. 133‐144, June 2006.

Vable, M., “Integrating Fracture Mechanics into Undergraduate Design.” Proceedings of ASEE Annual Conference, Nashville, June 12‐15, 2005.

Vable, M., “Controlling Errors in the Process of Automating Boundary Element Method Analysis,” Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, Vol. 26, pp. 405‐415, 2002.

Vable, M., and Fox, M.E., “Tests for Multiple Materials Problems,” Boundary Elements XXIV, eds. C.A. Brebbia, A. Ta‐deu, and V. Popov, pp. 731‐740, 2002.

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Research Highlights

Plow blade shape optimization‐In order to exam‐ine whether the cutting edge of plow blades could be optimized for ice removal, the mechanics of re‐moving a thin brittle layer (ice) from a strong sub‐strate (pavement) was studied. This study involved the finite element modeling of the ice layer and pavement, and the fracture mechanics associated with debonding the ice layer. The results of this study indicated that an optimized profile of the cut‐ting edge would be nearly vertical, and that the

strength of the bond between the layer and substrate was the most important factor controlling ice removal. Magne‐toelastic deformation and buckling‐The deformation and buckling of ferromagnetic structural members placed within magnetic fields was examined in this work, which developed a method to allow the local magnetic field strength at the surface of a structural member to be calculated. Using this field, the forces resulting from the magnetic field could be accurately characterized and the deformation predicted. While earlier studies had resulted in predictions of the magnetic field strength required to cause buckling that were 50 to 100 percent in error, the buckling fields predicted

by

Carl R. Vilmann Associate Professor PhD, Northwestern University

Areas of interest include Fracture mechanics, Stress analysis, Finite element methods, Magnetoelasticity


Yap, S. M., Vilmann, C. R., and Peach, M. O., “An Investigation Into Non‐Classical Magnetoelastic Bending and Buck‐ling of Ferromagnetic Thin Plates,” Proceedings of the 1994 Society for Experimental Mechanics Spring Conference, Bal‐timore, Maryland, pp. 14‐22, June 6‐8, 1994.

Vilmann, C. R., and Nagaranthal, B., “Optimal Scraper Profiles for Promoting Interfacial Fracture,” Proceedings of the 1990 Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition, Boston, Massachusetts, pp. 225‐32, August 5‐9, 1990.

Passerello, C., Vilmann, C.R., Lychuk, W.M., Bradley, S.A., Lee, C., “Stress and Deformation Modeling of Multiple Ro‐tary Combustion Engine Trochoid Housing,” SAE International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, 1986.



Name Thesis

Mark A. Edmonds Balancing Attributes within a Truck Underbody Sub‐System (2006)

Sangram A. Bagwe Optimization of Bolted Joints for Sandwich Composites (2005)

Satyajit A. Lonkar Design and Optimization of In‐Plane Adhesively Bonded Joint Between Sandwich panels (2005)

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Research Highlights

Professor Weinmann's research focuses on manufacturing processes with emphasis on metal forming and tribology in metal working. Currently he is designing/constructing a next‐generation, sheet‐metal drawing die Incorporating active draw‐beads to control the material flow in the die. He is involved in developing sensors capable of recording tangential and normal forces in sheet metal forming at the tool‐sheet interfaces. His interests also ex‐tend to superplastic forming of automotive sheet, and the mechanics of chip formation and tool life in machining.

Klaus J. Weinmann Research Professor PhD, University of Illinois — Urbana‐Champaign

Professor Emeritus

Areas of interest include Sheet metal forming, Tribology in metal forming, Metal cutting.


Beard, J., Weinmann, K.J., and Emblom, W.J., “Strains Generated In Selected Regions For An Intelligent Die During Stamp Forming,” Transactions of the NAMRI/SME, Vol. 37, May 2009.

Luckey, S.G., Friedman, P.A., and Weinmann, K.J. “Correlation of Finite Element Analysis to Superplastic Forming Ex‐periments,” International Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 194, No. 1‐3, pp. 30‐37, November 2007.

Khraisheh, M. K., Abu‐Farha, F.K., and Weinmann, K.J., “Investigation of Post‐Superplastic Forming Properties of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy,” Annals of CIRP—Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 56, pp. 289‐292, May 2007.

Emblom, W.J., and Weinmann, K.J., “The Correlation between Punch Forces and Wrinkling for a Sheet Metal Stamping Die with Adjustable Drawbeads,” SAE Advances in Lightweight Materials: Casting and Aluminum and Achieving Light‐weight Vehicles, No. SP‐2105, Paper No. 2007‐01‐0422, April 2007.

Klaus J. Weinmann, Luckey, S.G., Friedman, P.A., Xia, Z.C. , “Simulation of Superplastic Forming using Explicit Finite Element Analysis,” SME Transactions of NAMRI, Vol.34, pp. 33‐37, May 2006.

Luckey, S. G., Friedman, P.A., Xia, C., and Weinmann, K.J., “Correlation of Implicit Finite Element Analysis to Superplas‐tic Forming Experiments,” Transactions of NAMRI of SME, Vol. 33, pp. 33‐40, August 2005.

Neher, W., Weinmann, K.J., and Emblom, W.J., “Optimization of the Blankholder Thickness for Sheet Forming Using Finite Element Analysis,” Transactions of NAMRI of SME, Vol. XXIX, pp. 59‐66, 2001.

Bohn, M. L., and Weinmann, K. J., “Open‐Loop Optimization of the Sheet Metal Drawing Process with Active Draw‐beads,” Transactions of NAMRI of SME, Vol. XXVIII, 2000.



Name Dissertation

William J. Emblom Closed‐Loop Control of the Sheet Metal Stamping Process with Active Drawbeads, a Flexible Blank‐holder, and Variable Active Blank Holder Forces

George S. Luckey Development of Finite Element Analysis Based Tools and Methods for the Design of Advanced Super‐plastic Forming Dies and Processes


Name Thesis

Cory M Arthur Study of Clad Tubing Extrusion using the Finite Element Method (2008)

Recent Funding

Ford Motor Company ($59,120) Ford ‐ MTU Off‐Campus PhD Program: A Proposal for Advising Support Development of Hybrid Forming Dies for Super Plastic Forming in Aluminum Sheet

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Robert Whipple Research Engineer Scientist

Research Highlights

Technical roles performed in research activities in‐clude—design of experiments, design of experimental equipment, data acquisition to include installation and programming of computerized data acquisition sys‐tems, instrumentation selection and calibration, and data analysis with statistical comparisons. Projects include—

Diurnal size changes in plants

Stress wave propagation in underground hardrock mines

Properties of finger bones

Flow patterns and heat transfer of louvered fin heat exchanger

Design of sporting equipment Effects of corona discharge on heat transfer and

pressure drops in tubes


Ohadi, M. M., Haase, R. A., Whipple, R. L., and Wouri, A. F., “A Basic Study on Ice Detachment from Road Surface Via High‐Pressure Abrasive Liquid Jets,” Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Jet Cut‐ting Technology, Amsterdam, Paper no. H‐3, October 1990.

Nelson, D. A., Ohadi, M. M., Zia, S., and Whipple, R. L, “Electrostatic Effects on Pressure Drop in Tube Flows,” International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 298‐302, 1990.

Whipple, R. L., Ligon, J. B., Burger, C. P., and Coffman, M. S., “Resistance Strain Gages as Physiological Transducers on Trees,” Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 16, No. 9, pp. 329‐36, September 1976.

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Notes

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Prepare Engineering students for successful careers

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and retains the very best students, faculty, and staff —be a department of choice nationally

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