Densities - Common Materials 1
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Densities
Radiation-related consulting and services from Integrated Environmental Management, Inc.
A variety of radiation-related assessments and analyses require an understanding of material densities,particularly when shielding and/or transmission issues arise. The following listing of the densities ofcommon materials has been prepared to facilitate those calculations.
The values shown below are in units of "grams per cubic centimeter".
Air (20 degrees C, 76 cm Hg) - 0.001205
Aluminum - 2.739
Ammonia (liquid) - 0.771
Ammonium Nitrate - 0.730
Amonium Sulphate
z Dry - 1.130z Wet - 1.290
Apples - 0.641
Asbestos - 2.2 to 2.8
Ashes
z Wet - 0.730 to 0.890z Dry - 0.570 to 0.650
Asphalt - 1.1 to 1.5
Asphalt (crushed) - 0.721
Bakelite (typical) - 1.20 to 1.70
Baking Powder - 0.721
Barium
z Barite (barium sulfate) - 4.5z Elemental - 3.5
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Bauxite
z Solid - 3.011z Crushed - 1.281
Beeswax - 0.961
Bentonite - 0.593
Benzene - 0.737
Beryllium - 1.85
Bismuth - 9.78
Bone - 1.7 to 2.0
Brick
z Common red - 1.922z Fire clay - 2.403z Silica - 2.050z Chrome - 2.803z Magnesia - 2.563
Butter - 0.86 to 0.87
Cadmium - 8.65
Calcium - 1.55
Carbon
z Carbon dioxide (at STP) - 1.79 grams per literz Carbon monoxide (at STP) - 1.25z Graphite - 2.25z Carbon steel - 7.84z Powdered - 0.080z Solid - 2.146
Cardboard - 0.689
Cellulose
z Amorph - 1.3 to 1.6z Wood - 0.5 to 0.9
Cement
z Clinker - 1.290 to 1.540
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z Portland - 1.506z Mortar - 2.162z Slurry - 1.442
Ceramic
z Alumina - 3.9z Aluminosilicate - 2.6z Boron Carbide - 2.5z Glass - 2.6z Iron Slag - 2.755z Graphitte - 2.163z Lead Glass - 2.8z Quartz Glass - 2.2z Sapphire - 3.99z Tungsten Carbide - 15.7z Zirconia - 5.75z Zirconium Carbide - 6.56
Cesium - 1.873
Charcoal
z Oak - 0.57z Pine - 0.28 to 0.44
Chalk
z Solid - 2.499z Lumpy - 1.442z Fine - 1.121
Charcoal - 0.208
Cinders
z Furnace - 0.913z Coal ash - 0.641
Clay
z Compacted - 1.746z Dry excavated - 1.089z Dry lump - 1.073z Fire - 1.362z Wet excavated - 1.826z Wet lump - 1.602
Coal
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z Bituminous - 1.2 to 1.5z Anthracite - 1.4 to 1.8z Coke - 1.201z Lignite - 1.25
Cobalt - 8.8
Concrete
z Gravel - 2.400z Light Weight (with pumice) - 1.920z Limestone w/Portland - 2.370z Normal Weight - 2.400
Copper - 8.93
Cork
z Solid - 0.240z Ground - 0.160
Crushed Stone - 1.600
Deuterium (H-2 at the boiling point of the liquid) - 0.0165
Diamond - 3.01 to 3.52
Dolomite
z
Solid - 2.899z Pulverized - 0.737z Lumpy - 1.522
Earth
z Dense - 2.002z Fullers, raw - 0.673z Loam, dry excavated - 1.440z Moist, excavated - 1.442z Packed - 1.522z Soft loose mud - 1.730z Soil (standard) - 1.6z Wet, excavated - 1.602
Ethyl Alcohol - 0.802
Fiberglass Insulation - 0.032
Film emulsion - 3.815
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Fuel oil (medium weight) - 0.89
Garbage (household rubbish) - 0.481
Garnet grit - 3.9 to 4.1
Gasoline - 0.721
Gelatin - 1.27
Glass
z Borosilicate - 2.23z Broken or cullet - 1.290 to 1.940z Crown - 2.5 to 2.8z Flint - 3.7 to 7.2z Fused silica - 2.2z Lead - 6.4
z Lead crystal - 3.1z Plate (avg.) - 2.4z Window - 2.579
Glue
z Animal, flaked - 0.561z Vegetable, powdered - 0.641
Gold
z
Pure - 19.32z Coin - 17.89
Graphite (flake) - 0.641
Gravel
z Loose, dry - 1.520z With sand , natural- 1.920z Dry, 1/4 to 2 inch - 1.682z Wet, 1/4 to 2 inch - 2.002
Gypsum
z Solid - 2.787z Broken - 1.290 to 1.600z Crushed - 1.602z Pulverized - 1.112z 3/8-inch Plaster Board - 0.76 g/m2z 1/2-inch Plaster Board - 1.02 g/m2z 5/8-inch Plaster Board - 1.27 g/m2
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Helium - 0.0001785
Hydrogen - 0.00008988
Ice
z Crushed - 0.593z Solid - 0.919
Indium - 7.43
Iron
z Cast (pig) - 7.208z Metal - 7.86z Ore (Hematite) - 5.206z Ore (Magnetite) - 5.046z Oxide pigment - 0.400
z Pyrites - 2.400z Sulphate (pickling tank), dry - 1.200z Sulphate (pickling tank), wet - 1.290z Wrought - 7.568
Ivory - 1.83 to 1.92
Lead - 11.389
Leather (common) - 0.946
Limestone - 2.739
Linoleum - 1.18
Lithium Fluoride - 2.64
Lumber (Framing, douglas Fir) - 0.561
Magnesium - 1.74
Manure - 0.400
Marble (calcium carbonate) - 2.5 to 2.9
Mercury - 13.55
Methyl Alcohol - 0.809
Mineral Oil - 0.914
Molybdinum - 10.3
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Mud
z Fluid - 1.730z Packed - 1.906
Muscle - ~1
Mylar - 1.39
Nickel - 8.8
Nylon - 1.09 to 1.14
Oil
z Cake - 0.785z Linseed - 0.942z Petroleum - 0.881
Oyster Shells (ground) - 0.849
Paper - 0.7 to 1.201
Paraffin - 0.898
Peat
z Dry - 0.400z Moist - 0.801z
Wet - 1.121
Plaster - 0.849
Plastic
z HDPE - 0.955z Kevlar (149) - 1.47z Kevlar (29) - 1.44z Polyurethane - 1z Rubber - 1.506
Platinum - 21.3
Plexiglass (Lucite) - 1.16 to 1.20
Plutonium - 17.35
Polyethylene - 0.92
Polymethyl methacrylate (Lucite) - 1.19
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Polystyrene - 1.03 to 1.07
Polystyrene Insulation
z Extruded - 0.029z Expanded - 0.024
Polyurethane Insulation - 0.024
Porcelain - 2.3 to 2.5
Potassium - 0.87
Pyrex glass - 2.23
Quartz
z Solid - 2.643
z Lump - 1.554z Sand - 1.201
Rip-Rap - 1.602
Rock salt - 2.18
Rock
z Excavated with shovel - 1.600 to 1.780z Sandstone - 2.40z
Limestone - 2.91z Granite - 2.45
Rubber
z Caoutchouc - 0.945z Ground scrap - 0.481z Manufactured - 1.522z Natural - 0.92z Butadiene copolymer - 0.915z Neoprene - 1.23
Sand
z Bank - 1.483z Dry - 1.602z Loose - 1.442z Torpedo - 1.602z Water-filled - 1.922z Wet - 1.922z Wet, packed - 2.082
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z With gravel, dry - 1.650z With gravel, wet - 2.020
Sea Water - 1.025
Sewage sludge - 0.721
Silicon dioxide - 2.32
Silicon - 2.42
Silver - 10.49
Slag
z Solid - 2.1 to 3.9z Broken - 1.762z Crushed, 1/4 inch - 1.185
Snow
z Compacted - 0.480z Freshly fallen - 0.160
Soap
z Solid - 0.801z Chips - 0.160z Flakes - 0.160z
Powdered - 0.368
Soil (see Earth)
Sodium
z Elemental - 0.971z Sodium Iodide - 3.67
Starch - 1.53
Steel
z 1% carbon - 7.83z Cold drawn - 7.83z Framing - 7.849z Soft (0.06% C) - 7.87z Stainless (Type 304) - 8.03z Stainless (Type 347) - 7.8z Stainless (27CR) - 7.47
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Stone
z Crushed - 1.602z Common, generic - 2.515
Sugar
z Brown - 0.721z Powdered - 0.801z Granulated - 0.801z Raw cane - 0.961
Talc - 2.7 to 2.8
Tantalum - 16.6
Tar - 1.153
Tobacco - 0.320
Tin (cast hammered) - 7.352
Titanium - 4.5
Thorium - 11.6
Tungsten - 19.3
Uranium - 18.74
Vegetable Oil - 0.93
Vernucykute 0 0.641
Water
z Pure (at 20 degrees C) - 1.00z Sea - 1.026
Wood
z Alder - 0.42 to 0.68z Apple - 0.66 to 0.84z Ash - 0.51z Balsa - 0.11 to 0.14z Bamboo - 0.31 to 0.40z Birch - 0.705z Cedar - 0.49 to 0.57z Dogwood - 0.76z Mahogany - 0.705
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z Oak - 0.77z Pressed pulp board - 0.19z Red Oak - 0.673z Southern Pine - 0.65z Sugar Maple - 0.689z Walnut - 0.593z White Pine - 0.67
Zinc - 6.92
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