Densities - Common Materials 1

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    Densities

    Radiation-related consulting and services from Integrated Environmental Management, Inc.

    A variety of radiation-related assessments and analyses require an understanding of material densities,particularly when shielding and/or transmission issues arise. The following listing of the densities ofcommon materials has been prepared to facilitate those calculations.

    The values shown below are in units of "grams per cubic centimeter".

    Air (20 degrees C, 76 cm Hg) - 0.001205

    Aluminum - 2.739

    Ammonia (liquid) - 0.771

    Ammonium Nitrate - 0.730

    Amonium Sulphate

    z Dry - 1.130z Wet - 1.290

    Apples - 0.641

    Asbestos - 2.2 to 2.8

    Ashes

    z Wet - 0.730 to 0.890z Dry - 0.570 to 0.650

    Asphalt - 1.1 to 1.5

    Asphalt (crushed) - 0.721

    Bakelite (typical) - 1.20 to 1.70

    Baking Powder - 0.721

    Barium

    z Barite (barium sulfate) - 4.5z Elemental - 3.5

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    Bauxite

    z Solid - 3.011z Crushed - 1.281

    Beeswax - 0.961

    Bentonite - 0.593

    Benzene - 0.737

    Beryllium - 1.85

    Bismuth - 9.78

    Bone - 1.7 to 2.0

    Brick

    z Common red - 1.922z Fire clay - 2.403z Silica - 2.050z Chrome - 2.803z Magnesia - 2.563

    Butter - 0.86 to 0.87

    Cadmium - 8.65

    Calcium - 1.55

    Carbon

    z Carbon dioxide (at STP) - 1.79 grams per literz Carbon monoxide (at STP) - 1.25z Graphite - 2.25z Carbon steel - 7.84z Powdered - 0.080z Solid - 2.146

    Cardboard - 0.689

    Cellulose

    z Amorph - 1.3 to 1.6z Wood - 0.5 to 0.9

    Cement

    z Clinker - 1.290 to 1.540

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    z Portland - 1.506z Mortar - 2.162z Slurry - 1.442

    Ceramic

    z Alumina - 3.9z Aluminosilicate - 2.6z Boron Carbide - 2.5z Glass - 2.6z Iron Slag - 2.755z Graphitte - 2.163z Lead Glass - 2.8z Quartz Glass - 2.2z Sapphire - 3.99z Tungsten Carbide - 15.7z Zirconia - 5.75z Zirconium Carbide - 6.56

    Cesium - 1.873

    Charcoal

    z Oak - 0.57z Pine - 0.28 to 0.44

    Chalk

    z Solid - 2.499z Lumpy - 1.442z Fine - 1.121

    Charcoal - 0.208

    Cinders

    z Furnace - 0.913z Coal ash - 0.641

    Clay

    z Compacted - 1.746z Dry excavated - 1.089z Dry lump - 1.073z Fire - 1.362z Wet excavated - 1.826z Wet lump - 1.602

    Coal

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    z Bituminous - 1.2 to 1.5z Anthracite - 1.4 to 1.8z Coke - 1.201z Lignite - 1.25

    Cobalt - 8.8

    Concrete

    z Gravel - 2.400z Light Weight (with pumice) - 1.920z Limestone w/Portland - 2.370z Normal Weight - 2.400

    Copper - 8.93

    Cork

    z Solid - 0.240z Ground - 0.160

    Crushed Stone - 1.600

    Deuterium (H-2 at the boiling point of the liquid) - 0.0165

    Diamond - 3.01 to 3.52

    Dolomite

    z

    Solid - 2.899z Pulverized - 0.737z Lumpy - 1.522

    Earth

    z Dense - 2.002z Fullers, raw - 0.673z Loam, dry excavated - 1.440z Moist, excavated - 1.442z Packed - 1.522z Soft loose mud - 1.730z Soil (standard) - 1.6z Wet, excavated - 1.602

    Ethyl Alcohol - 0.802

    Fiberglass Insulation - 0.032

    Film emulsion - 3.815

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    Fuel oil (medium weight) - 0.89

    Garbage (household rubbish) - 0.481

    Garnet grit - 3.9 to 4.1

    Gasoline - 0.721

    Gelatin - 1.27

    Glass

    z Borosilicate - 2.23z Broken or cullet - 1.290 to 1.940z Crown - 2.5 to 2.8z Flint - 3.7 to 7.2z Fused silica - 2.2z Lead - 6.4

    z Lead crystal - 3.1z Plate (avg.) - 2.4z Window - 2.579

    Glue

    z Animal, flaked - 0.561z Vegetable, powdered - 0.641

    Gold

    z

    Pure - 19.32z Coin - 17.89

    Graphite (flake) - 0.641

    Gravel

    z Loose, dry - 1.520z With sand , natural- 1.920z Dry, 1/4 to 2 inch - 1.682z Wet, 1/4 to 2 inch - 2.002

    Gypsum

    z Solid - 2.787z Broken - 1.290 to 1.600z Crushed - 1.602z Pulverized - 1.112z 3/8-inch Plaster Board - 0.76 g/m2z 1/2-inch Plaster Board - 1.02 g/m2z 5/8-inch Plaster Board - 1.27 g/m2

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    Helium - 0.0001785

    Hydrogen - 0.00008988

    Ice

    z Crushed - 0.593z Solid - 0.919

    Indium - 7.43

    Iron

    z Cast (pig) - 7.208z Metal - 7.86z Ore (Hematite) - 5.206z Ore (Magnetite) - 5.046z Oxide pigment - 0.400

    z Pyrites - 2.400z Sulphate (pickling tank), dry - 1.200z Sulphate (pickling tank), wet - 1.290z Wrought - 7.568

    Ivory - 1.83 to 1.92

    Lead - 11.389

    Leather (common) - 0.946

    Limestone - 2.739

    Linoleum - 1.18

    Lithium Fluoride - 2.64

    Lumber (Framing, douglas Fir) - 0.561

    Magnesium - 1.74

    Manure - 0.400

    Marble (calcium carbonate) - 2.5 to 2.9

    Mercury - 13.55

    Methyl Alcohol - 0.809

    Mineral Oil - 0.914

    Molybdinum - 10.3

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    Mud

    z Fluid - 1.730z Packed - 1.906

    Muscle - ~1

    Mylar - 1.39

    Nickel - 8.8

    Nylon - 1.09 to 1.14

    Oil

    z Cake - 0.785z Linseed - 0.942z Petroleum - 0.881

    Oyster Shells (ground) - 0.849

    Paper - 0.7 to 1.201

    Paraffin - 0.898

    Peat

    z Dry - 0.400z Moist - 0.801z

    Wet - 1.121

    Plaster - 0.849

    Plastic

    z HDPE - 0.955z Kevlar (149) - 1.47z Kevlar (29) - 1.44z Polyurethane - 1z Rubber - 1.506

    Platinum - 21.3

    Plexiglass (Lucite) - 1.16 to 1.20

    Plutonium - 17.35

    Polyethylene - 0.92

    Polymethyl methacrylate (Lucite) - 1.19

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    Polystyrene - 1.03 to 1.07

    Polystyrene Insulation

    z Extruded - 0.029z Expanded - 0.024

    Polyurethane Insulation - 0.024

    Porcelain - 2.3 to 2.5

    Potassium - 0.87

    Pyrex glass - 2.23

    Quartz

    z Solid - 2.643

    z Lump - 1.554z Sand - 1.201

    Rip-Rap - 1.602

    Rock salt - 2.18

    Rock

    z Excavated with shovel - 1.600 to 1.780z Sandstone - 2.40z

    Limestone - 2.91z Granite - 2.45

    Rubber

    z Caoutchouc - 0.945z Ground scrap - 0.481z Manufactured - 1.522z Natural - 0.92z Butadiene copolymer - 0.915z Neoprene - 1.23

    Sand

    z Bank - 1.483z Dry - 1.602z Loose - 1.442z Torpedo - 1.602z Water-filled - 1.922z Wet - 1.922z Wet, packed - 2.082

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    z With gravel, dry - 1.650z With gravel, wet - 2.020

    Sea Water - 1.025

    Sewage sludge - 0.721

    Silicon dioxide - 2.32

    Silicon - 2.42

    Silver - 10.49

    Slag

    z Solid - 2.1 to 3.9z Broken - 1.762z Crushed, 1/4 inch - 1.185

    Snow

    z Compacted - 0.480z Freshly fallen - 0.160

    Soap

    z Solid - 0.801z Chips - 0.160z Flakes - 0.160z

    Powdered - 0.368

    Soil (see Earth)

    Sodium

    z Elemental - 0.971z Sodium Iodide - 3.67

    Starch - 1.53

    Steel

    z 1% carbon - 7.83z Cold drawn - 7.83z Framing - 7.849z Soft (0.06% C) - 7.87z Stainless (Type 304) - 8.03z Stainless (Type 347) - 7.8z Stainless (27CR) - 7.47

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    Stone

    z Crushed - 1.602z Common, generic - 2.515

    Sugar

    z Brown - 0.721z Powdered - 0.801z Granulated - 0.801z Raw cane - 0.961

    Talc - 2.7 to 2.8

    Tantalum - 16.6

    Tar - 1.153

    Tobacco - 0.320

    Tin (cast hammered) - 7.352

    Titanium - 4.5

    Thorium - 11.6

    Tungsten - 19.3

    Uranium - 18.74

    Vegetable Oil - 0.93

    Vernucykute 0 0.641

    Water

    z Pure (at 20 degrees C) - 1.00z Sea - 1.026

    Wood

    z Alder - 0.42 to 0.68z Apple - 0.66 to 0.84z Ash - 0.51z Balsa - 0.11 to 0.14z Bamboo - 0.31 to 0.40z Birch - 0.705z Cedar - 0.49 to 0.57z Dogwood - 0.76z Mahogany - 0.705

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    z Oak - 0.77z Pressed pulp board - 0.19z Red Oak - 0.673z Southern Pine - 0.65z Sugar Maple - 0.689z Walnut - 0.593z White Pine - 0.67

    Zinc - 6.92

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