Human Population : Growth, Demography and Carrying Capacity CHAPTER 7 HUMAN POPULATIONS.
DEMOGRAPHY - WordPress.com · •Demography –The study of the characteristics of human...
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DEMOGRAPHY
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Where do People Live?
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Why?
• Our settlement patterns are dependent on climate, access to resources, topography, and history.
• Population Density is a measure of how many people are living per square KM. It varies quite a bit worldwide.
• Mostly in mid-latitudes, often on waterways, not in deserts or mountain ranges.
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1.China - 1,341,335,000 2.India - 1,224,614,000 3.United States - 310,384,000 4.Indonesia - 239,781,000 5.Brazil - 194,946,000 6.Pakistan - 173,593,000 7.Nigeria - 158,423,000 8.Bangladesh - 148,692,000 9.Russia - 142,958,000 10.Japan - 126,536,000 11.Mexico - 113,423,000 12.Philippines - 93,261,000 13.Vietnam - 87,848,000 14.Ethiopia - 82,950,000 15.Germany - 82,302,000 16.Egypt - 81,121,000 17.Iran - 73,974,000 18.Turkey - 72,752,000 19.Thailand - 69,122,000 20.Democratic Republic of the Congo - 65,966,000
Largest Countries by POP
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• Demography – The study of the characteristics of human populations, such as size, growth, and distribution.
Population Growth Facts
• World Population reached 1 billion in 1810.
• We’ve added 6 billion in 200 years.
• Current population is 7.4 billion – this number is double the population in 1965.
• It is estimated that we will reach 9 billion by 2045
• Population growth rates are now declining – but we are living longer!
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Does the Earth have a Carrying Capacity?
• Estimates say that 9 billion can be provided for in today’s world with current technology.
• However – consumption of the world’s resources is very unequal.
• North Americans consume 3.3 times the subsistence level of food and 250 times the subsistence level of clean water.
• If everyone lived like this the world could support a population of only 2 billion!!!!
• The richest 20% of the world consume 86%
• the poorest 20% of the world consume 1.3%
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How many “Earths” would it take to sustain the world if everyone lived like?:
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Inequality in the World
• Developed World – countries with stable governments, significant infrastructure, access to clean water, food, and shelter. Access to health care and education and other basic human rights. Countries with large economies.
• All of North America and Europe, some of South America and Africa, more and more in Asia.
• The opposite is the Developing World
• Most of the world’s population growth is in this part of the world.
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HDI – Human Development Index
• Established by the United Nations to measure quality of life and development.
• 2015 Rankings:
1. Norway 0.944
2. Australia 0.935
3. Switzerland 0.930
8. USA 0.915
9. Canada 0.913
187. Niger 0.337
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Canadian Demography
• Canada is much like many countries in the developed world:
• Declining birth rates and TFRs
• Increasing life expectancy
• Increasing median age
• *** The population is getting older and RNI is going to become negative in a few decades.
• Canada’s population continues to grow because of net migration levels
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Figure 5 Total fertility rate in Canada, 1926 to 2005
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Why are birth rates and TFR declining?
• Children are now an economic burden instead of potential income generators or farm help
• The state now covers care for seniors
• Social priorities
– Role of women has changed
– Access to contraception
– Having children no longer a top priority – no longer a “duty”.
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Figure 3 Median age in Canada, 1956 to 2006
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Figure 10 Life expectancy at birth by sex in Canada, 1926 to 2031
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Number of births and deaths in Canada, 1926 to 2056
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Figure 3 Migratory and natural increase of the Canadian population, 1956 to 2056
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Generations
• Baby Boomers – people born between 1945-1965. Represent a huge portion of our population (now at retirement)
• Generation X – Born after the baby boom –not as numerous
• Generation Y (Echo Boomers) – the children of baby boomers – (now entering workforce). Represent a small population boost