DEK Silver CC-S Precision Colloidal Silver Generator

Constant-Current, Solar Capable

User's Guide(Also online @ deankoepke.com/cc-s/User_Guide.pdf)

Table of ContentsThank You / Introduction..........................................................................1Quick-Start Guide.....................................................................................2Detailed Use Instructions.........................................................................5

LED Indicators......................................................................................5“Power” (Blue)....................................................................................5“Voltage” 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33 (green), 36 (Yellow)........5“Over Voltage” (red)...........................................................................6“Current” 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 (green).................7

Controls.................................................................................................7“Operating Voltage”...........................................................................7“Voltage Display”................................................................................8“Max Current”.....................................................................................8

Obtaining Constant Current With Solar Panel.........................................9Making Catalyst-Free Colloidal Silver......................................................9Determination Of Concentration Of Silver..............................................11

Table 1: Amount / Concentration / Time / Current..............................12DEK Silver CC-S Accessories................................................................13

24VAC Utility Power Supply................................................................139V Battery Cable.................................................................................1343.2V Solar Panel...............................................................................15DEK Silver 16oz/500ml Production Jar..............................................16

© Copyright 2015 by Dean Koepke (DEK)All rights reserved.

Thank You!Thank you so much for purchasing a DEK Silver CC-S. Wemost certainly appreciate you and your desire for excellence!Please take the time to thoroughly read this User's Guide sothat you can use your new DEK Silver CC-S to make thehighest-quality colloidal silver for yourself, family, and friends.

Your new DEK Silver CC-S is a precision electronic instrumentwhich will allow you to produce high-quality colloidal silver formuch cheaper than you can buy it pre-made. With a solarpanel, you'll also be able to produce it off-grid without the needfor batteries. It will pay for itself in savings in short order―andmay become indispensable if you become unable to obtain pre-made solution or if faced with a prolonged interruption in utility-provided electricity. It uses constant current circuitry to limit theamount of current allowed to flow across the electrodes to thuslimit the size of silver particles deposited into solution.

Its circuitry is designed around the nuances of running on solar,including over-voltage warning and shut-down circuitry―but thisjust means that it can be used with any power source which isable to supply 11 to 40 volts DC (VDC) or approximately 8 to 24volts AC (VAC, which gets converted to DC by the device) into astandard 2.1x5.5mm barrel power plug. You may thus havepurchased the DEK Silver CC-S by itself and use it with anypower source you already have that meets the precedingrequirements. Or, you may have also purchased one or more ofour compatibility-tested power supplies:

24VAC Utility Power SupplyYou'll be using 24 volts AC ("wall power") and always be ableto run at the highest operating voltage―required if you wishto produce catalyst-free colloidal silver in the shortestpossible time.

9V Battery Cable The cable is used to connect four 9V "transistor radio"batteries (not supplied) in series. You'll be using 36 volts DCon a fresh set of four 9V alkaline batteries.

43.2V Solar Panel (Still under development)Our solar panel allows you to make colloidal silvercompletely "off-grid". It can produce in excess of 40 volts, soit may be used to power the DEK Silver CC-S directly. Or,you can use it to keep a set of rechargeable 9V batteries

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charged-up, and run the DEK Silver CC-S from the batteries.If you do that, you'll be able to make your colloidal silver dayor night, rain or shine.

Quick-Start GuideLet's get right to it and make 16 oz. (450 ml) of approximately10 parts per million (PPM) silver to water. You will need:

The DEK Silver CC-S with a suitable power supplyA glass or plastic container that holds at least 18 oz. (500 ml)Two 3.5 inch (9 cm) long silver rods of at least 99.9% purity

(use 'fine' silver, not 'sterling', which is only 92.5% pure)A non-metallic device for stirring the solutionA scouring pad16 oz. (450 ml) of distilled waterA 'pinch' of baking soda (not baking powder!)A kitchen timer

Take any measures necessary so as not to be working in directsunlight. Blue sky shining through a window is OK.

If you purchased the DEK Silver CC-S Starter Kit, then youhave everything in the above list except for the distilled water,baking soda, and kitchen timer. These instructions assume youhave the Starter Kit. If not, then you will need some means ofsecuring the silver rods such that they can be positioned withinthe container, and that the alligator clips coming from theDEK Silver CC-S cannot drop into or even touch the solution.

NOTE: We have found that using baking soda as acatalyst is acceptable, but using common table or sea saltis not. Some say otherwise. If you do not wish to use anycatalyst in preparing your colloidal silver, we will cover thatin detail later. We still strongly suggest that you follow thisquick-start procedure even if you then toss-out the productmade. Just consider it a few cents invested in learning...

At the top of the next page is a photo of the set-up at the"starting gate". The container already has the distilled water init. (Fill to just under the top rim―after first thoroughlywashing the silver rods, the inside of the jar, and the stirrerwith hot soapy water and [final] rinsing with distilled waterto remove any residue left from manufacturing.) Makecertain that the "Voltage Display" switch is flipped towards theleft, i.,e., towards the "Operating Voltage" control. Plug the

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power supply into the jackon the left side panel.(Polarity doesn't matter,but the voltage must notexceed 24VAC or40VDC.) The "Voltage"LEDs should light-up toindicate that the unit haspower. The exact voltagedelivered and LEDs thatlight-up depend onmanufacturing tolerances,output from your local electric utility, and other electrical devicesdrawing power. The "Over Voltage" LED may be dimly-lit if the"36" is glowing brightly. If it is brightly-lit and no other "Voltage"LEDs are lit, it means that the power supply is putting out toomuch voltage and a lesser-voltage supply must be used. (If youare using the 24VAC power supply included in the Starter Kit,the "36" LED may or may not light up.) The blue jar lid showsthe silver rods and stirring device installed. Notice that thesilver rods go into the alligator clips with the short 'tails', and thestirrer into the one with the long tail. (The short-tailed clips havea wing [finger-tightening] nut on the top of the jar lid, while thelong-tailed clip has two regular hex [wrench-tightening] nutsjammed-up together on top.) Position the silver rods so thatthey are quite far apart as shown. Make sure the stirrer will nottouch the rods when operated.

We will first need toestablish a steady currentflow of 5 milliamps (mA).To do so, refer to thepicture at right and flip the"Voltage Display" switchto the right, i.,e., towardsthe "Max Current" control. Use a screw-driver to rotate the"Max Current" control fully clockwise. (Do not force!) Place thelid on the jar (do not tighten) and attach one of the alligator clipscoming from the DEK Silver CC-S to each of the screws withthe wing nuts. (Which clip to which screw doesn't matter.) Oneor two of the "Current" LEDs (i.,e., the "1/8" and "1/4") should belit as shown in the picture, but it is not an indication of a problemif none are lit.

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Open the jar lid and apply a tiny amount of bakingsoda. A typical amount is shown in the picture onthe right—note the sliver of white at the tip of thespoon. Replace the lid and rotate the stirrer [usingthe "Tee" nut on the screw] back and forth a coupletimes. Additional "Current" LEDs should light whilethe "Voltage" LEDs remain unchanged except forperhaps the highest-numbered one going out.

Continue adding tiny amounts ofbaking soda (be sure to stir) untilthe "5" (Current) LED lights up asshown in the photo at right. (If youend up adding too much bakingsoda so that higher-numberedLEDs light-up, it's OK. But, try toadd baking soda in small enoughamounts to just get the "5" LED tolight.) Slowly rotate the "Max Current" control counter-clockwiseuntil the "5" LED goes out. Very slowly rotate "Max Current"back clockwise until the "5" LED comes back on brightly.Tighten the jar lid and set the timer for 13 minutes.

Rotate the stirrer back and forth afew times at least once a minute.If the "6" (Current) LED shouldhappen to come on, operate the"Max Current" control as discussedin the preceding paragraph tomake sure that the "Current" LEDsonly up to "5" are lit. (Such a "MaxCurrent" re-adjustment should need to be made only once, if atall.) As time elapses, the current will remain steady at 5mA butthe voltage will drop as shown in the photo to the right. How farthe voltage drops depends on the starting voltage among otherfactors. Voltage should slowly and continuously drop as currentstays steady. The voltage will spike for a few seconds whenstirring but then continue the decline.

When the 13-minute timer expires, remove the alligator clipscoming from the DEK Silver CC-S and give the stirrer a fewfinal turns. Congratulations! You have just completed yourfirst batch of high-quality colloidal silver. The solutionshould be crystal clear, with perhaps a very, very slightyellowish tint. Remove the silver rods and stirrer from the jar lid

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and place it back on the jar for storage. Store in a dark place.

Rinse the stirrer under tap water and then dry. Rinse the silverrods under tap water and the scouring pad to gently scour untilthey are both once again nice and bright. Then, rinse and dry.Rinse the work area to ensure that any spilled silver water doesnot remain to darken with exposure to light and discolor thearea. Darkening takes a day or two, so no need to fret if a littlespill is noticed.

Detailed Use InstructionsYour DEK Silver CC-S includes several LED indicators andcontrols as shown in the following graphic and described below.

LED Indicators

“Power” (Blue)Indicates that there is sufficient voltage to run theelectronics. Discontinue if the LED goes out and wait for it tocome back on before continuing or connect to a highervoltage. It may also be that the "Operating Voltage" control(see below) is turned all, or nearly all, the way to the left; tryturning it to the right and see if the LED lights up. Aminimum of 2 solar cells (or 11VDC / 8VAC) is required (seenext paragraph).

“Voltage” 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33 (Green), 36 (Yellow)Depending on the setting of the "Voltage Display" switch(see under "CONTROLS"), these indicate either the voltage

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9

1

12

2

15

3

18

4

21

5

24

6

27

7

30

8

33

9

36

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POWER

1/8

OVERVOLTAGE

MAXCURRENT

`̀

OPERATINGVOLTAGE

`̀

VOLTAGE

CURRENT

VOLTAGEDISPLAY

Precision Colloidal Silver GeneratorConstant-Current, Solar-Capable

1/21/4

DEK Silver CC-S

as set with the "Operating Voltage" control (also see under"CONTROLS"), or the voltage currently being applied acrossthe electrodes. With the "Operating Voltage" control turnedas far to the right as possible, the operating voltage will beabout.2 volts less than and track fluctuations in the actualvoltage coming into the DEK Silver CC-S. If the 36 (yellow)LED is lit, the device can still be safely operated at thisvoltage; however, it is nearing the upper limit (see “OverVoltage” on next page).

If using the solar panel, the actual voltage coming from thepanel may be less (or more) than the rated voltage. Forexample, if connected to the "42V" output on a cloudy day,the maximum obtainable voltage may be only 20V. Thehigher the operating voltage, the less catalyst is required topush a given amount of current. Also, if the voltage isinsufficient to light the 9V indicator, the producedconcentration of silver cannot be reliably determinedbecause the "Current" indicators (see below) will give falsereadings. It is recommended that production be interrupteduntil at least 9V can be established.

“Over Voltage” (Red)The voltage coming into the DEK Silver CC-S is above 40V.If using the solar panel, take action to lower the voltage untilthis LED goes out. Either position the solar panel to receiveless direct sunlight or connect to a lower voltage output. Inbright sunshine, each of the six cells in the panel canproduce in excess of 8 volts―well above the rated 7.2VThus, it is best to first connect to the panel's "35V" outputand then go to the "42V" one if the actual voltage from thesolar panel is not enough to light-up the "33" (Voltage) LED.The “Over Voltage” LED brightens in relation to how farabove 40V the voltage is, and the rest of the device will beshut down at around 42V, and be turned back on if thevoltage drops below the shutdown level.

The device was designed and tested to withstand short-duration voltages in the range of 42 to 46 VDC (27 to 29VAC). Sustained voltages in this range may result indamage! The higher the voltage, the sooner damagemay occur. A voltage over 48 VDC (30 VAC) will almostcertainly result in damage!!!

If plugging into utility power and the "Over Voltage" LED

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lights up and no other LEDs are on―immediatelydisconnect the device from power and use a powersupply with a lower voltage rating!!!

“Current” 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 (Green)These indicate the current (in milliamps, mA) flowing throughthe electrodes. If current flow is less than the set maximumcurrent, current will increase with time. To obtain a highercurrent flow (up to the set maximum current), add catalyst tothe solution or use a higher operating voltage if possible.

You may notice that the green LEDs do not appear to bequite uniform in either color or intensity. This is normal andindicates neither malfunction nor defect. This slight non-uniformity is the result of running the LEDs at a very lowcurrent (< 0.2mA)―they are designed to operate at over ahundred times as much current. Although they appear to bequite bright, they are, in fact, barely on!

Controls

Power is “on” anytime the device is connected to a voltagesource. Thus, there is no separate on/off switch.

“Operating Voltage”Used to set an operating voltage which does not trackfluctuations with the voltage coming from the power supply.Use a small screw-driver to gently rotate the control to theleft to decrease the operating voltage and to the right toincrease it. to a level up to about 2V below the voltagecoming from the power supply. (See the discussion on thenext page under "OBTAINING CONSTANT CURRENT" tolearn why it may be desirable to use a lower-but-constantvoltage instead of the highest possible voltage.)

When running on utility power, which is usually prettyconstant, this control should be set as far to the right aspossible. Thus, if you rarely or never run on a solar panel orbatteries, you should have little need to adjust this control.

To determine the proper setting when running on a solarpanel, begin by rotating the control as far to the right aspossible. With the “Voltage Display” toggled to the left to

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show the operating voltage, observe the "Voltage" LEDs fora few minutes (long enough to get a "feel" for the sunshine)and note the highest voltage LED that does not flicker onand off. Rotate the control to the left until this LED goes out.Then, slowly rotate the control to the right until the LED turnsback on. So long as the light level is sufficient for the solarpanel to deliver a voltage of 2V above the indicated voltage,the voltage internal to the DEK Silver CC-S will remainconstant at the indicated voltage.

This control may also be used when running on batteries tooperate at a constant voltage as the batteries get depleted.For example, you may wish to run at 30 volts on a set of fourrechargeable 9V batteries. When they no longer deliver30V―it's time to recharge them. To set an operating voltagefor use on batteries, with the “Voltage Display” toggled to theleft to show the operating voltage, simply rotate the controluntil the LEDs indicate the desired operating voltage. Theoperating voltage will remain constant until the batteries canno longer deliver it.

“Voltage Display”Set the toggle to the left to have the "Voltage" LEDs displaythe operating voltage. Set to the right to show the voltageacross the electrodes. As the concentration of silverincreases, the voltage applied to the electrodes is heldconstant as current flow increases up to that set with the"Max Current" control. After this point, the voltage applied tothe electrodes is decreased to keep the current constant,and this control allows for a visual confirmation.

“Max Current”Use a small screw-driver to gently rotate the control to setthe maximum current to be applied to the electrodes, up toslightly over 10mA. The actual current flowing through theelectrodes, as indicated by the “Current” LEDs, may be lessthan the set maximum. To set maximum current, clip theelectrodes together and rotate the control to the left until theLED for the desired maximum current goes out. Then,slowly rotate the control back to the right until the LED turnsback on brightly. Separate the electrodes. The minimum“Max Current” which may be set is about 3mA at 36V. Theminimum set-able current drops to 2mA at around 24V andto about 1mA at 9V. Thus, if you wish to use a constant

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maximum current of only 2mA, you'll need to rotate the “MaxCurrent” control all the way to the left, and then use the“Operating Voltage” control to set the operating voltage atwhich only 2mA of current flows through the electrodes. (Inother words, you'd set “Max Current” all the way to the leftand use the “Operating Voltage” control as if it were “MaxCurrent”.)

Obtaining Constant Current With Solar PanelThe concentration of silver at any given moment duringproduction is determined by the current flow and elapsed time.If current flow remains constant, the equation is simply currentX time X k. (See "DETERMINATION OF CONCENTRATIONOF SILVER", on page 10 for the meaning of 'k'.) Voltage, andthus current flow, is anything but constant when using a solarpanel.

When operating at the highest voltage under partly cloudyskies, it might happen when a cloud passes by that theavailable voltage will become insufficient to push the current setwith the "Max Current" control. The produced concentration ofsilver then becomes difficult to calculate. Current vs. time mustbe logged and the resulting numbers integrated. This currentfluctuation can be alleviated by using a lower operating voltage.

For example, lets decide to make a batch of silver using amaximum current of 5mA under hazy sunshine which we'veobserved after a few minutes does not fall below a levelsufficient to allow the solar panel to deliver 21V. Adjust the"Operating Voltage" control until the 21V LED just lights up.Then set the “Max Current” control for a maximum current of5mA and connect the electrodes to the silver rods and addcatalyst until the “Current” LEDs indicate a current flow of 5mA.So long as the light level is sufficient for the solar panel todeliver 21V, the current across the electrodes will remain aconstant 5mA. We can now use the "current X time X k"equation to determine the concentration.

Making Catalyst-Free Colloidal SilverBaking soda (not baking powder, or common table or sea salt!)can be used as a catalyst to allow the set "Max Current" to flowfrom the start. The presence of this catalyst does not affect the

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colloidal silver thus produced.

However, if it is desired to make “pure” colloidal silver, start withthe highest obtainable constant operating voltage and do notadd any catalyst to the distilled water. Move the electrodes asclose together as desired and possible to obtain the highest"Current" LED that will light-up―do not let the electrodes touch.(The LED display will jump to the "Max Current" setting if theelectrodes should touch.) Then, widen the gap between theelectrodes to extinguish the LED and re-narrow the gap until itjust comes back on. Gently stir the solution to see that the LEDstays lit or re-lights after not more than a few seconds. Do notforget to stir the solution frequently (every several seconds).This is absolutely essential when the electrodes are closetogether.

Let's assume we get the "1/4" (Current) LED to light-up andstay lit after stirring. Wait for the "1/2" LED to light (and stay litafter stirring) and note the time (T0). Wait on the "1" LED tolight and note the time (T1). Continue noting the time assuccessively higher current flow is indicated by the lighting ofadditional LEDs, i.,e., note T2 when the "2" LED lights, T3 whenthe "3" LED lights, T4 when the "4" LED lights, etc. Theresulting current vs. time curve can be integrated to determinethe concentration of silver as a function of time. Theinstantaneous amount of silver going into solution is theinstantaneous current X k. (See "DETERMINATION OFCONCENTRATION OF SILVER" on the next page.)

The slope of the time vs. current curve should be everincreasing, i.,e., the time taken to go from 1mA to 2mA will bemore than the time required to go from 2mA to 3mA, which willin turn be more than the time required to go from 3mA to 4mA.

An alternate method involves constantly modifying the gapbetween the electrodes to make the current flow behave in astep-wise fashion. Begin as described above to obtain thehighest starting current flow. Again, let's assume we got the"1/4" (Current) LED to light-up (and stay lit after stirring). Then,"play" the gap between the electrodes to keep the "1/4" LEDjust lit-up. The gap will become wider over time. From time totime, see if the electrode gap can be narrowed sufficiently toallow the next higher "Current" LED to light (and stay lit afterstirring), in this case, the "1/2" LED. The time spent at 1/4mAis T0. The amount of silver pushed into solution during this timeinterval can then be easily calculated since the current was a

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practically-constant 1/4mA.

Again "play" the electrode gap to keep the "1/2" LED lit and todetermine when it is possible to step up to a current flow of1mA. The time spent at 1/2mA is T1. The amount of silverpushed into solution during this time interval can then be easilycalculated since the current was a practically-constant 1/2mA.The summation of the silver driven into solution over thevarious time intervals (including the current one) can then beused to determine the instantaneous concentration.

Determination Of Concentration Of SilverA constant 'k' has been referenced in the preceding pagesconcerning the determination of the concentration of silver vs.water. k is the "electrochemical equivalent" for silver.

Concentration of silver is measured in parts per million (PPM) ofmass of silver to mass of water. The mass of silver sent intosolution by electrolysis was first calculated back in the 1800’sby Michael Faraday, and is:

m = k X I X t

i.,e., "'m' equals 'k' times 'l' times 't'", where,

m = mass of silver, in grams

k = the electrochemical equivalent, which for silver is 0.0011179648 g C-1

NBS, per the US National Bureau of Standards (J. Res. Bur. Stand., Vol. 85, No. 3, p. 175), www.archive.org/details/jresv85n3p175

l = current, in Amperes

t = time, in seconds

Doing the math, for a current of 1mA (0.001 Amps) into a pint ofwater (16oz, 453.6 grams) for one minute, we get:

m = 0.001118 X 0.001 X 60= 0.00006708 grams of silver

Turning m into PPM, we get:

PPM = 0.00006708 ⁄ 453.6 X 1,000,000= 0.1478835978835979

Now we have a formula for determining the concentration ofproduct made. Or, if we do a little algebra and re-arrangeterms, we can determine the current and time required to make

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a solution of a given concentration.

Notice that we didn’t mention particle size in the precedingdiscussion. That’s because one 0.00006708g chunk of silversitting in 1 pint of water yields a PPM of 0.1478835978835979as we just calculated. So it is with 100 chunks weighing0.0000006708g each. At the near-atomic sized particles we’recreating, there are billions and billions of chunks. Particle sizeis influenced by current―as current increases, so does particlesize. It follows that there are simply more smaller particles thanlarger particles for a given PPM.

That is why the DEK Silver CC-S includes the "Max Current"control and limits current to [a little over] 10mA.

Using a round figure of 0.15 PPM per minute per milliamp ofcurrent per 16oz. of water, the table below gives approximatetimes (in minutes) required to make specific batches as theamount of solution (in oz.), concentration (in parts per million,PPM), and current (in mA) are varied from the settings shown inthe first row (used for the "Quick Start"). Notice that in each ofthe 2-row sections, one of Amount, Concentration, and Currentare varied while the other two are held constant.

Table 1: Amount / Concentration / Time / Current

Amount (Oz / L) Concentration(PPM)

Current(mA)

Time(min)

CurrentX Time

16 / 0.45 (1 pint) 10 5 13.33 66.67

32 / 0.9 (1 quart) 10 5 26.67

64 / 1.8 (1/2 gal.) 10 5 53.33

16 / 0.45 5 5 6.67

16 / 0.45 15 5 20

16 / 0.45 10 1 66.67 66.67

16 / 0.45 10 10 6.67 66.67

Notice that Time varies linearly with Amount (white and yellowrows) and Concentration (white and green rows), meaning thatwhen you increase/decrease either the amount or theconcentration of solution to be made, it’ll take correspondinglylonger/shorter to make. On the other hand, Current and Timeare inversely related such that their product remains constant(white and red rows). As shown in the table, the product ofCurrent X Time for a PPM of 10 is 66.67 (13.33 X 5, 1 X 66.67,and 10 X 6.67). Increasing the current decreases the time, and

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decreasing the current increases the time.

As already described in the latter half of "MAKING CATALYST-FREE COLLOIDAL SILVER" and re-capped here, it is possibleto execute the process in such a way so as to make the currentrise in discrete steps rather than in a gradual curve. This makesfor easier calculations of solution concentration, as you needonly add up several time & current phases instead of needing toplot and integrate a curve. To accomplish this, begin by settingthe electrodes close together until the desired starting "Current"LED just lights. Gently and constantly stir the solution. Slowlywiden the electrode gap to keep the LED just lit. When the gapis sufficiently wide, it can be narrowed to light the next higherLED and the process repeated. The amount of current (l) andtime (t) at each amount of current is now available for simplem = k X I X t calculations as outlined above. The total mass (m)of silver sent into solution at any given time is simply the massalready in solution from previous levels of current plus the massadded with the ongoing m = k X I X t calculation for the steadycurrent level as time increases.

DEK Silver CC-S Accessories24VAC Utility Power SupplyThe power supply (photo at right)plugs into a US standard 110Vhousehold electrical outlet. Itsoutput is a nominal 24 volts AC(alternating current) to a2.1x5.5mm power plug. The "33"(Voltage) LED will light when the"Voltage Display" control is toggledto the left (and "Operating Voltage"set all the way to the right.Whether or not the "36" LED lights depends on several factors,including manufacturing tolerances, output from your localelectric utility, and other electrical devices drawing power.

9V Battery CableThe 9V battery cable (photo at top of next page) consists of fourplaces in which to insert 9V square "transistor radio" batteries.They are connected in series such that their combined voltageis present at the 2.1x5.5mm power plug. The center contact of

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the plug is positive.

Be careful to not plug thebattery pack into any otherbattery-powered device (unlessit is designed to accept 36volts)! Also, do not short theconnectors on the power plug orany of the battery posts! 36volts can very quickly do someserious damage.

Any type of "9V" battery can beused: be it a carbon/zinc, alkaline, lithium, NiMH, or other. Ifusing rechargeable batteries, be sure to get those which deliverat least 8.4V when fully charged. (Some only deliver 7.2V.)

To give you an idea of what you can expect when running onbatteries, we tested a set of inexpensive ($1 each) Panasonic"Super Heavy Duty Power" carbon/zinc batteries "Rated for usein low-drain devices". We simulated the production of colloidalsilver by using a potentiometer (an electrical control device)across the electrodes to set a current draw of 5mA @ 24V andlet it run. The "Voltage" LEDs (with the "Voltage Display" switchtoggled to the left to show operating voltage) dropped to justextinguish the 33V LED after only fifteen minutes ofcontinuously running. The 30V LED went out after an hour, andthe 27V LED went dark after continuously running for 5-1/2hours. The potentiometer was then set for 5mA @ 15V, and 8-1/2 more hours passed (14 hours of continuous running) beforethe 18V LED went out.

At this point, the batteries should definitely be replaced. If youuse a catalyst to make your colloidal silver, they shouldprobably be replaced once they will no longer supply at least21V operating voltage, which occurred at around the 11-hourmark. If you make catalyst-free, you may need to replace thebatteries after each batch or two unless you don't mind thelonger times required at lower operating voltages.

If you use batteries exclusively or run on solar, it is probablyadvisable to invest in a set of rechargeable "9V" batteries.Although they only output 8.4 volts when fully-charged (goodones, 7.2V from cheapies), the cost over time is less if youalways use them fully-charged instead of buying a new set ofnon-rechargeables for each couple of batches you make.

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Just to determine how long any amount of power could besqueezed out of the batteries, the potentiometer was then setfor 5ma @ 7V, and it took a total of 19 hours of continuousrunning to extinguish the 9V LED. A current draw of 5mA @ 7Vis either because the concentration of silver is off the chart orbecause much greater amounts of catalyst have been used.Keep in mind, however, that the DEK Silver CC-S was designedto still operate at low voltages. If the situation calls for it,catalyst-free colloidal silver can still be made at these voltages;it will just take a l-o-n-g time. Alternatively, a nominal amount ofcatalyst can be used to get a current flow of 1/4mA to gain aknown starting point.

43.2V Solar Panel (Still under development)(This is not a promise by DEK toproduce a solar panel at any timein the future.) The solar panel(current prototype shown in photoat right) contains six solar cellswhich are each rated to produce7.2V at 200mA under brightsunshine, for a total of 43.2 volts.The brighter the light source or thelower the current draw, the higherwill be the output voltage.Conversely, the output voltage percell will be less than the rated 7.2Vunder dim light or current draw which exceeds 200mA. TheDEK Silver CC-S draws about 40mA at 38V input voltage with10mA current flow across the electrodes.

There are six outputs to allow for using from one to all six cellsto obtain nominal voltages of 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 volts (at200mA). Because the device draws considerably less than therated 200mA, the actual voltage output by a cell under brightsunshine can exceed 8V for a combined total output of 48V,meaning that the "42V" output may be too much under brightsunshine. So, start with the "35V" output. If the "35V" output isunable to supply at least enough voltage so light-up the "33"(Voltage) LED on the DEK Silver CC-S, then use the "42V"output. Due diligence will need to be exercised in operating theDEK Silver CC-S to insure that it is receiving proper operatingvoltage. This means observing that the voltage is both sufficientand within safe limits. This is accomplished with the LED

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indicators and controls as described earlier in this document.

DEK Silver 16oz/500ml Production JarThe DEK Silver Production Jar isan off-the-shelf Claris "Candy Jar"with a modified lid. Prior to firstuse, you should thoroughly washthe inside of the jar and stirrer inhot soapy water to remove anyresidue from the manufacturingprocess. Then, just as thoroughlyrinse in clean water and add a finalrinse with distilled water. The finalrinse can be accomplished byfilling about one-fourth full withdistilled water, attaching the lid,and shaking the jar to distribute thedistilled water over all the inside of the jar. Available lid colorsare: red, green, and blue.

As shown in thephotos at right,three screwscan be seenprotruding fromthe top of the jarlid and threealligator clipscan be seen onthe bottom.

The two screws with the wing nuts (top view, photo on left) andalligator clips with the short 'tails' (bottom view, photo on right)are for the electrodes, i.,e., the silver rods. The single screwwith the "Tee" nut sandwich (top view) and alligator clip with thelong tail (bottom view) are for the stirrer.

Referring to the photo at the top of the next page...attach anelectrode (silver rod) to each of the two short-tailed alligatorclips. To attach, make a right-angle bend about one-quarterinch from one end of the rod and insert into the clip so that therod hangs below. To position an attached electrode, loosen thewing nut slightly, move the electrode to the desired position, andre-tighten. Do not over-tighten. Electrodes may be re-positioned as necessary while the lid is attached to the jar by

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turning the screw after the wing nuthas been slightly loosened.

Attach the stirrer to its (long-tailed)alligator clip. With the lid screwedonto the jar, the stirrer screwshould turn easily but not besloppy or contact either of theelectrodes. The hex/Tee/hex nutsandwich can be moved up ordown the screw to loosen/tightento allow the stirrer to be easilymoved. Use the top hex nut totighten and the bottom one toloosen the sandwich. If the sandwich parts should becomeloosed from each other, they will need to be re-tightened.

Fill the jar with distilled water to no higher than the bottom of theridge on which the lid rests. (The alligator clips should nevercome in contact with the solution.) Screw the lid on the jar andattach the alligator clips coming from the DEK Silver CC-S tothe two screws with the wing nuts. The red and black wires canbe attached as you desire. Keep in mind that silver will bedrawn from the electrode attached to the red wire. You willprobably want to develop a system to ensure that bothelectrodes wear evenly over time.

Gently rotate the stirrer back and forth from time to time usingthe Tee nut between the fingers. Care should be taken to not letthe stirrer touch the electrodes because slag may be knockedinto the solution (it will settle to the bottom of the solution overtime). How often to stir depends on the process you are usingto create the colloidal silver. If the electrodes are spaced farapart and "Max Current" has been achieved, a few gentle turnsof the stirrer every minute is usually adequate. If the electrodesare being kept close together, stirring may need to be nearlyconstant (but still gentle).

Parts may loosen with use and need re-tightening. Ifreplacement hardware is needed, use #6 X 32 thread. The jarlid can also be disassembled for cleaning. Refer to the drawingon the next page for re-assembly. The easiest way to adjust thestirrer to be "just right" is to place a screwdriver into the screwhead to hold the screw steady and turn the top hex nut down onthe Tee-nut sandwich until it's snug (do not force!). Then, whilestill holding the screw steady, loosen the bottom hex nut of the

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Tee-nut sandwich a tiny bit until the screw turns freely withoutbeing sloppy.

Do not over-tighten to lock washers! The screw threadsare delicate.

DEK does not dispense any medical advice nor do we make anymedical-related claims. None of our products are designed or intendedto be used on or inside the human body in any way, shape, or form in aneffort to effect healing or any other desired change. Because we do nothave any licensed medical personnel on-staff, any express or impliedclaims as to the efficacy or effects of using colloidal silver on or in thehuman body are to be considered as purely anecdotal, based on ournon-scientific research and personal use of colloidal silver. Because weare speaking only for ourselves and not portraying any of ourstatements to be backed-up by any third party, we are quite within ourFirst Amendment rights to speak our minds, since nothing herein canremotely be construed as obscene or inciteful. The reader is free toconsider statements made by the FDA or other government agency,advice of their chosen medical professional, or other sources...and thenact accordingly.

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Screw

Hex Nut Wing Nut

Lock Washer

Washer

Hex Nut

Lock WasherElectrodeAlligator

Clip(Short Tail)

StirrerAlligator

Clip(Long Tail)

Jar Lid

Back-offfrom lida tiny bit.

(× 2)“Tee” Nut